Electrical-thermal-hydrogen Multi-Energy Device Planning Method for Zero Energy Buildings

Abstract

The present invention describes an electric-thermal-hydrogen multi-energy device planning method for zero energy buildings, including the following specific steps: firstly, constructing operation constraints of electric and thermal devices in the zero energy buildings; secondly, constructing operation constraints of hydrogen devices including the electrolyzer, the fuel cell and the hydrogen storage device; then, in view of constraints on annual zero energy of the buildings, establishing the robust electric-thermal-hydrogen multi-energy device planning model considering source-load uncertainties; and finally, solving the robust electric-thermal-hydrogen multi-energy device planning model of the zero energy buildings by adopting an alternating optimization procedure based column-and-constraint generation algorithm. By using the zero energy buildings, the planning method disclosed by the present disclosure plays important roles in aspects of promoting the development and utilization of renewable energy on the demand side, reducing energy consumption in the field of buildings, and reducing the emission of greenhouse gases.

Claims

1. An electric-thermal-hydrogen multi-energy device planning method for zero energy buildings, where the planning method specifically comprises the following steps: step 1, constructing operation constraints of electric and thermal devices in the zero energy buildings; step 2, constructing operation constraints of hydrogen devices comprising the electrolyzer, the fuel cell and the hydrogen storage device; step 3, establishing the robust electric-thermal-hydrogen multi-energy device planning model considering the source-load uncertainties and the buildings' annual net zero energy constraints; and step 4, solving the robust electric-thermal-hydrogen multi-energy device planning model by adopting an alternating optimization procedure based column-and-constraint generation algorithm; wherein the step 1 specifically comprises the following steps: step 1.1, constructing operation constraints of hydrogen devices comprising the electrolyzer, the fuel cell and the hydrogen storage device; and establishing operation constraints of the absorption chiller, the heat pump and the photothermal plate as follows: $0Q_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{ac},\mathrm{in}}{x}_c^{\mathrm{ac}}{\mathrm{Cap}}_c^{\mathrm{ac}},0P_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{hp}}{x}_c^{\mathrm{hp}}{\mathrm{Cap}}_c^{\mathrm{hp}};s,t$ $Q_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{ac},\mathrm{out}}=Q_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{ac},\mathrm{in}}{}^{\mathrm{ac}};s,t$ $\{\begin{array}{c}{Q}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{hp},h}={}^{\mathrm{hp}}{P}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{hp}}{}_h^{\mathrm{hp}}\\ Q_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{hp},c}=\left(1-{}^{\mathrm{hp}}\right)P_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{hp}}{}_c^{\mathrm{hp}}\end{array};s,t$ ${\tilde{Q}}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{st}}={}^{\mathrm{st}}{x}_c^{\mathrm{st}}{\mathrm{Cap}}_c^{\mathrm{st}}{\tilde{S}}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{rad}};s,t$ where subscripts s, t and c represent the typical operation scenario, intra-day time period and candidate device capacity, respectively, superscript represents the uncertain variables, Q.sub.st.sup.ac,in Q.sub.st.sup.ac,out represent the input thermal power and output cold power of the absorption chiller, respectively, P.sub.st.sup.hp Q.sub.st.sup.hp,h Q.sub.st.sup.hp,c represent the input electric power, output thermal power and output cold power of the heat pump, respectively, Q.sub.st.sup.st represents the output thermal power of the photothermal plate, and .sup.ac .sup.st represent the conversion efficiency of the absorption chiller and the photothermal plate, respectively; .sub.h.sup.hp .sub.c.sup.p represent the electric-to-thermal conversion and electric-to-cold conversion efficiency of the heat pump, respectively, .sup.hp represents the thermal power distribution ratio of the heat pump, x.sub.c.sup.ac x.sub.c.sup.hp x.sub.c.sup.st represent the 0-1 installation variables of the absorption chiller, the heat pump and the photothermal plate, respectively, Cap.sub.c.sup.ac Cap.sub.c.sup.hp Cap.sub.c.sup.st represent the candidate installation capacity of the absorption chiller, the heat pump and the photothermal plate, respectively, and {tilde over (S)}.sub.st.sup.rad represents the solar radiation intensity; and step 1.2, establishing operation constraints of photovoltaic and wind turbine as follows: ${\tilde{P}}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{pv}}={}^{\mathrm{pv}}{x}_c^{\mathrm{pv}}{\mathrm{Cap}}_c^{\mathrm{pv}}{\tilde{S}}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{rad}};s,t$ ${\tilde{P}}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{wt}}={\stackrel{~}{}}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{wt}}{x}_c^{\mathrm{wt}}{\mathrm{Cap}}_c^{\mathrm{wt}};s,t$ where {tilde over (P)}.sub.st.sup.pv {tilde over (P)}.sub.st.sup.wt represent the output electric power of the photovoltaic and wind turbine, respectively, x.sub.c.sup.pv x.sub.c.sup.wt represent the 0-1 installation variables of the photovoltaic and wind turbine, respectively, Cap.sub.c.sup.pv Cap.sub.c.sup.wt represent the candidate installation capacity of the photovoltaic and wind turbine, respectively, .sup.pv represents the conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic turbine, and {tilde over ()}.sub.st.sup.wt represents the output ratio of the wind turbine.

2. (canceled)

3. The electric-thermal-hydrogen multi-energy device planning method for the zero energy buildings of claim 1, where the step 2 specifically comprises the following steps: step 2.1, establishing operation constraints of the fuel cell and the electrolyzer as follows: $I_{\mathrm{st}}^{\{.Math.\},\mathrm{on}}+I_{\mathrm{st}}^{\{.Math.\},\mathrm{off}}1,\{.Math.\}=\left\{\mathrm{chp},\mathrm{ed}\right\};s,t$ $\underset{t=k}{\overset{k+N_{\min }^{\{.Math.\},\mathrm{on}}-1}{.Math.}}{I}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\{.Math.\},\mathrm{on}}1,\underset{t=k}{\overset{k+N_{\min }^{\{.Math.\},\mathrm{on}}-1}{.Math.}}\left(I_{\mathrm{st}}^{\{.Math.\},\mathrm{on}}+I_{\mathrm{st}}^{\{.Math.\},\mathrm{off}}\right)1,\{.Math.\}=\left\{\mathrm{chp},\mathrm{ed}\right\};s,k\left[1,N_t-N_{\min }^{\{.Math.\},\mathrm{on}}+1\right]$ $\underset{t=k}{\overset{k+N_{\min }^{\{.Math.\},\mathrm{off}}-1}{.Math.}}{I}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\{.Math.\},\mathrm{off}}1,\underset{t=k}{\overset{k+N_{\min }^{\{.Math.\},\mathrm{off}}-1}{.Math.}}\left(I_{\mathrm{st}}^{\{.Math.\},\mathrm{on}}+I_{\mathrm{st}}^{\{.Math.\},\mathrm{off}}\right)1,\{.Math.\}=\left\{\mathrm{chp},\mathrm{ed}\right\};s,k\left[1,N_t-N_{\min }^{\{.Math.\},\mathrm{off}}+1\right]$ $\underset{t=k}{\overset{k+N_{\max }^{\{.Math.\},\mathrm{on}}}{.Math.}}{}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\{.Math.\}}{N}_{\max }^{\{.Math.\},\mathrm{on}},\{.Math.\}=\left\{\mathrm{chp},\mathrm{ed}\right\};s,k\left[1,N_t-N_{\max }^{\{.Math.\},\mathrm{on}}\right]$ $I_{\mathrm{st}}^{\{.Math.\},\mathrm{on}}-I_{\mathrm{st}}^{\{.Math.\},\mathrm{off}}={}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\{.Math.\}}-{}_{s,t-1}^{\{.Math.\}},\{.Math.\}=\left\{\mathrm{chp},\mathrm{ed}\right\};s,t$ ${}^{\{.Math.\}}{}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\{.Math.\}}{x}_c^{\{.Math.\}}{\mathrm{Cap}}_c^{\{.Math.\}}{P}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\{.Math.\},\mathrm{in}}{}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\{.Math.\}}{x}_c^{\{.Math.\}}{\mathrm{Cap}}_c^{\{.Math.\}},\{.Math.\}=\left\{\mathrm{chp},\mathrm{ed}\right\};s,t$ $\{\begin{array}{c}{P}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\{.Math.\},\mathrm{in}}-P_{s,t-1}^{\{.Math.\},\mathrm{in}}{\mathrm{Ra}}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\{.Math.\}}{\mathrm{Ra}}_{\max }^{\{.Math.\}}\\ P_{s,t-1}^{\{.Math.\},\mathrm{in}}-P_{\mathrm{st}}^{\{.Math.\},\mathrm{in}}{\mathrm{Ra}}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\{.Math.\}}{\mathrm{Ra}}_{\max }^{\{.Math.\}}\end{array},\{.Math.\}=\left\{\mathrm{chp},\mathrm{ed}\right\};s,t$ $P_{\mathrm{st}}^{\{.Math.\},\mathrm{out}}={}^{\{.Math.\}}{P}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\{.Math.\},\mathrm{in}},\{.Math.\}=\left\{\mathrm{chp},\mathrm{ed}\right\};s,t$ $Q_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{chp},\mathrm{out}}={}^{\mathrm{chp}}\left(P_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{chp},\mathrm{in}}-P_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{chp},\mathrm{out}}\right);s,t$ where k represents the intra-day time periods, N.sub.t represents the number of the intra-day time periods, chp and ed represent the fuel cell and the electrolyzer, respectively, {} represents the set of two devices, I.sub.st.sup.{},on I.sub.st.sup.{},off represent the on-state and off-state of these two devices, respectively, N.sub.min.sup.{},on N.sub.min.sup.{},off represent the minimum on-state and off-state time of these two devices, respectively, and N.sub.max.sup.{},on represents the maximum on-state time of these two devices; .sub.st.sup.{} .sub.s,t1.sup.{} represent the state of these two devices within time periods t and t1, respectively, .sup.{} represents the minimum operation capacity percentage of these two devices, x.sub.c.sup.{} represents the 0-1 installation variables of these two devices, and Cap.sub.c.sup.{} represents the candidate installation capacity of these two devices; P.sub.st.sup.chp,in P.sub.st.sup.chp,out Q.sub.st.sup.chp,out represent the input hydrogen power, output electric power and output thermal power of the fuel cell, respectively, P.sub.st.sup.ed,in P.sub.st.sup.ed,out represent the input electric power and output hydrogen power of the electrolyzer, respectively, Ra.sub.st.sup.{} represents the ramping ratio of these two devices, Ra.sub.max.sup.{} represents the maximum ramping ratio of these two devices, .sup.{} represents the energy conversion efficiencies of these two devices, and .sup.chp represents the heat recovery ratio of the fuel cell; and step 2.2, establishing operation constraints of the intra-day hydrogen storage device and the seasonal hydrogen storage device as follows: $0P_{\mathrm{st}}^{\{.Math.\},+/-}{x}_i^{\{.Math.\}}{\mathrm{Cap}}_i^{\{.Math.\}}{}^{\{.Math.\}},\{.Math.\}=\left\{\mathrm{bs},\mathrm{hs},\mathrm{shs}\right\};s,t$ $0Q_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{ts},+/-}{x}_c^{\mathrm{ts}}{\mathrm{Cap}}_c^{\mathrm{ts}}{}^{\mathrm{ts}};s,t$ $P_{\mathrm{st}}^{\{.Math.\}+}.Math.P_{\mathrm{st}}^{\{.Math.\}-}=0,\{.Math.\}=\left\{\mathrm{bs},\mathrm{hs},\mathrm{shs}\right\};s,t$ $Q_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{ts}+}.Math.Q_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{ts}-}=0;s,t$ $x_c^{\{.Math.\}}{\mathrm{Cap}}_c^{\{.Math.\}}{}_{\min }^{\{.Math.\}}{E}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\{.Math.\}}{x}_c^{\{.Math.\}}{\mathrm{Cap}}_c^{\{.Math.\}}{}_{\max }^{\{.Math.\}},\{.Math.\}=\left\{\mathrm{bs},\mathrm{hs},\mathrm{shs},\mathrm{ts}\right\};s,t$ $E_{s,N_t}^{\{.Math.\}}=E_{s,0}^{\{.Math.\}}=\left(x_c^{\{.Math.\}}{\mathrm{Cap}}_c^{\{.Math.\}}\right)/2,\{.Math.\}=\left\{\mathrm{bs},\mathrm{hs},\mathrm{shs},\mathrm{ts}\right\};s,t$ $E_{s,t+1}^{\{.Math.\}}=E_{\mathrm{st}}^{\{.Math.\}}\left(1-{}^{\{.Math.\}}\right)+\left(P_{\mathrm{st}}^{\{.Math.\}+}{}^{\{.Math.\}+}-P_{\mathrm{st}}^{\{.Math.\}-}/{}^{\{.Math.\}-}\right)t,\{.Math.\}=\left\{\mathrm{bs},\mathrm{hs},\mathrm{shs},\mathrm{ts}\right\};s,t$ $E_{s,0}^{\mathrm{shs}}=\left(1-{}^{\mathrm{shs}}{D}_{s-1}\right)\left(E_{s-1,0}^{\mathrm{shs}}+D_{s-1}\left(E_{s-1,N_t}^{\mathrm{shs}}-E_{s-1,0}^{\mathrm{shs}}\right)\right);s\left[2,N_s\right]$ ${}_s^{\mathrm{shs}+}+{}_s^{\mathrm{shs}-}1;s$ $0P_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{shs}+}{}_s^{\mathrm{shs}+}M,0P_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{shs}-}{}_s^{\mathrm{shs}-}M;s,t$ where bs, hs, shs and ts represent the battery storage, the intra-day hydrogen storage device, the seasonal hydrogen storage device and the thermal energy storage device, respectively, {} represents the set of these four devices, N.sub.s represents the number of typical scenarios, P.sub.st.sup.bs+ P.sub.st.sup.bs represent the charging power and discharging power of the battery storage, respectively, and P.sub.st.sup.hs+ P.sub.st.sup.hs represent the hydrogen charging power and hydrogen discharging power of the intra-day hydrogen storage device, respectively; P.sub.st.sup.shs+ P.sub.st.sup.shs represent the hydrogen charging power and hydrogen discharging power of the seasonal hydrogen storage device, respectively; Q.sub.st.sup.ts+ Q.sub.st.sup.ts represent the heat charging power and heat discharging power of the thermal energy storage device, respectively, x.sub.c.sup.{} represents the 0-1 installation variables of these four energy storage devices, Cap.sub.c.sup.{} represents the candidate installation capacity of these four energy storage devices, .sup.{} represents the power-to-capacity installation ratio of these four energy storage devices, and E.sub.st.sup.{} represents the remaining capacity of these four energy storage devices; .sub.min.sup.{} .sub.max.sup.{} represent the minimum and maximum operating ratio of these four energy storage devices, respectively, E.sub.s,0.sup.{} E.sub.s,N.sub.t.sup.{} represent the capacity of these four energy storage devices in the initial and final time periods, respectively, .sup.{} represents the self-loss coefficients of these four energy storage devices, .sup.{}+ .sup.{} represent the energy charging and discharging loss coefficients of these four energy storage devices, respectively, and D.sub.s1 represents the number of days within the typical scenario s1 in a year; and E.sub.s1,0.sup.shs E.sub.s1,N.sub.t.sup.shs represent the remaining capacity of the seasonal hydrogen storage device in the initial and final time periods in the scenario s1, respectively, .sub.s.sup.shs+ .sub.s.sup.shs represent the 0-1 state variables of hydrogen charge and hydrogen discharge of the seasonal hydrogen storage device within the typical operation scenario s, respectively, and M represents a larger positive number.

4. The electric-thermal-hydrogen multi-energy device planning method for the zero energy buildings of claim 3, where the step 3 specifically comprises the following steps: step 3.1, establishing the balance constraints of electric, thermal, cold and hydrogen power as follows: $P_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{bs}-}-P_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{bs}+}+P_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{chp},\mathrm{out}}+P_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{grid}+}-P_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{grid}-}-P_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{hp}}+{\tilde{P}}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{pv}}-P_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{ed},\mathrm{in}}+{\tilde{P}}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{wt}}={\tilde{P}}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{el}}-P_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{se}};s,t$ $Q_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{hp},h}+Q_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{chp},\mathrm{out}}+Q_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{st}}-Q_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{ts}+}+Q_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{ts}-}-Q_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{ac},\mathrm{in}}={\tilde{Q}}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{hl}}-Q_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{sh}};s,t$ $Q_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{ac},\mathrm{out}}+Q_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{hp},c}={\tilde{Q}}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{cl}}-Q_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{sc}};s,t$ $P_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{ed},\mathrm{out}}+P_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{shs}-}-P_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{shs}+}+P_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{hs}-}-P_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{hs}+}=P_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{chp},\mathrm{in}};s,t$ where P.sub.st.sup.grid+ P.sub.st.sup.grid represent the zero energy buildings' electric power buying from and selling to the power grid, respectively, {tilde over (P)}.sub.st.sup.el {tilde over (P)}.sub.st.sup.hl {tilde over (P)}.sub.st.sup.cl represent the electric, thermal and cold loads of the buildings, respectively, and P.sub.st.sup.se P.sub.st.sup.sh P.sub.st.sup.sc represent the shedding power of the electric, thermal and cold loads of the zero energy buildings, respectively; step 3.2, establishing output power upper limit constraints of the electric, thermal and cold loads as follows: $0P_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{se}}{}_{\max }^{\mathrm{se}}{\hat{P}}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{el}};s,t$ $0Q_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{sh}}{}_{\max }^{\mathrm{sh}}{\hat{Q}}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{hl}};s,t$ $0Q_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{sc}}{}_{\max }^{\mathrm{sc}}{\hat{Q}}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{cl}};s,t$ where {circumflex over (P)}.sub.st.sup.el {circumflex over (P)}.sub.st.sup.hl {circumflex over (P)}.sub.st.sup.cl represent the forecast values of the electric, thermal and cold loads of the zero energy buildings, respectively, and .sub.max.sup.se .sub.max.sup.sh .sub.max.sup.sc represent the maximum output percentages of the electric, thermal and cold loads of the buildings, respectively; step 3.3, establishing power grid exchange power constraints and annual zero energy constraints as follows: $0P_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{grid}+}{}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{grid}+}{P}_{\max }^{\mathrm{grid}},0P_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{grid}-}{}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{grid}-}{P}_{\max }^{\mathrm{grid}};s,t$ ${}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{grid}+}+{}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{grid}-}1;s,t$ $\underset{s}{.Math.}\underset{t}{.Math.}{P}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{grid}+}t-\underset{s}{.Math.}\underset{t}{.Math.}{P}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{grid}-}t0$ where P.sub.max.sup.grid represents the upper limit of the exchange electric power with the power grid, .sub.st.sup.grid+ .sub.st.sup.grid respectively represent the 0-1 state variables of the electric power buying from and selling to the power grid, and t represents the duration of time period t; step 3.4, establishing the objective function and various specific costs as follows: $\underset{x}{\min }{C}^{\mathrm{inv}}+\underset{u}{\max }\underset{y,z}{\min }{C}^{\mathrm{om}}+C^{\mathrm{grid}}+C^{\mathrm{deg}}+C^{\mathrm{ls}}$ $C_{}^{\mathrm{inv}}=c_{}^{\mathrm{inv}}{x}_c^{}{\mathrm{Cap}}_c^{}{}_{}$ $C^{\mathrm{inv}}=C_{\mathrm{ac}}^{\mathrm{inv}}+C_{\mathrm{bs}}^{\mathrm{inv}}+C_{\mathrm{chp}}^{\mathrm{inv}}+C_{\mathrm{ed}}^{\mathrm{inv}}+C_{\mathrm{hp}}^{\mathrm{inv}}+C_{\mathrm{hs}}^{\mathrm{inv}}+C_{\mathrm{pv}}^{\mathrm{inv}}+C_{\mathrm{shs}}^{\mathrm{inv}}+C_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{inv}}+C_{\mathrm{ts}}^{\mathrm{inv}}+C_{\mathrm{wt}}^{\mathrm{inv}}$ ${}_{}={\left(1+\right)}^{Y_{}}/\left({\left(1+\right)}^{Y_{}}-1\right)$ $C^{\mathrm{om}}=\underset{s}{.Math.}{D}_s\underset{t}{.Math.}\left(\begin{array}{c}{c}_{\mathrm{chp}}^{\mathrm{on}}{I}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{chp}}+c_{\mathrm{chp}}^{\mathrm{off}}{I}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{chp}}+c_{\mathrm{ed}}^{\mathrm{on}}{I}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{ed}}+c_{\mathrm{ed}}^{\mathrm{off}}{I}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{ed}}+\\ c_{\mathrm{bs}}^{\mathrm{om}}\left(P_{\mathrm{wst}}^{\mathrm{bs}+}+P_{\mathrm{wst}}^{\mathrm{bs}-}\right)+c_{\mathrm{chp}}^{\mathrm{om}}{P}_{\mathrm{wst}}^{\mathrm{chp},\mathrm{in}}+c_{\mathrm{ed}}^{\mathrm{om}}{P}_{\mathrm{wst}}^{\mathrm{ed}}+\\ c_{\mathrm{hp}}^{\mathrm{om}}{P}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{hp}}+c_{\mathrm{pv}}^{\mathrm{om}}{P}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{pv}}+c_{\mathrm{wt}}^{\mathrm{om}}{P}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{wt}}+\\ c_{\mathrm{hs}}^{\mathrm{om}}\left(P_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{hs}+}+P_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{hs}-}\right)+c_{\mathrm{shs}}^{\mathrm{om}}\left(P_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{shs}+}+P_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{shs}-}\right)+\\ c_{\mathrm{ac}}^{\mathrm{om}}{Q}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{ac}}+c_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{om}}{Q}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{st}}+c_{\mathrm{ts}}^{\mathrm{om}}\left(Q_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{ts}+}+Q_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{ts}-}\right)\end{array}\right)t$ $C^{\mathrm{deg}}=\underset{s}{.Math.}{D}_s\underset{t}{.Math.}\left(c_{\mathrm{bs}}^{\mathrm{deg}}\left(P_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{bs}+}+P_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{bs}-}\right)+c_{\mathrm{chp}}^{\mathrm{deg}}{\mathrm{Ra}}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{chp}}+c_{\mathrm{ed}}^{\mathrm{deg}}{\mathrm{Ra}}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{ed}}\right)t$ $C^{\mathrm{grid}}=\underset{s}{.Math.}{D}_s\underset{t}{.Math.}\left(c_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{buy}}{P}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{grid}+}-c_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{sell}}{P}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{grid}-}\right)t$ $C^{\mathrm{ls}}=\underset{s}{.Math.}{D}_s\underset{t}{.Math.}\left(c_e^{\mathrm{ls}}{P}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{se}}+c_h^{\mathrm{ls}}{Q}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{sh}}+c_c^{\mathrm{ls}}{Q}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{sc}}\right)t$ where represents the set of devices, D.sub.s represents the number of days that the typical scenario s lasts, and C.sup.inv C.sup.om C.sup.grid C.sup.deg C.sup.ls represent the annual investment cost, annual device operation and maintenance cost, annual electricity trading cost, annual device degradation cost and annual load shedding cost, respectively; C.sub.ac.sup.inv C.sub.bs.sup.inv C.sub.chp.sup.inv C.sub.ed.sup.inv C.sub.hp.sup.inv C.sub.hs.sup.inv C.sub.pv.sup.inv C.sub.shs.sup.inv C.sub.st.sup.inv C.sub.ts.sup.inv C.sub.wt.sup.inv represent the annual investment costs of the absorption chiller, the battery storage, the fuel cell, the electrolyzer, the heat pump, the intra-day hydrogen storage device, the photovoltaic, the seasonal hydrogen storage device, the photothermal plate, the thermal energy storage and the wind turbine, respectively; x represents the 0-1 variables of the robust model at the first stage, u represents uncertain variables at the second stage, y and z represent continuous and 0-1 operation variables in the worst scenario at the second stage, respectively, .sub. represents the present worth factor, represents the discount rate, Y.sub. represents the lifetime of the energy device, and c.sub..sup.inv represents the device unit investment cost; x.sub.c.sup. represents the 0-1 device investment variables, Cap.sub.c.sup. represents the candidate installation capacity of the energy device, c.sub.chp.sup.on c.sub.chp.sup.off represent the startup and shutdown cost of the fuel cell, respectively, c.sub.ed.sup.on c.sub.ed.sup.off represent the startup and shutdown cost of the electrolyzer, respectively, and c.sub.bs.sup.om c.sub.chp.sup.om c.sub.ed.sup.om c.sub.hp.sup.om c.sub.pv.sup.om c.sub.wt.sup.om c.sub.hs.sup.om c.sub.shs.sup.om c.sub.ac.sup.om c.sub.st.sup.om c.sub.ts.sup.om represent unit operation costs of the battery storage, the fuel cell, the electrolyzer, the heat pump, the photovoltaic, the wind turbine, the hydrogen storage the seasonal hydrogen storage device, the absorption chiller, the photothermal plate and the thermal energy storage device, respectively; c.sub.bs.sup.deg c.sub.chp.sup.deg c.sub.ed.sup.deg represent the unit degradation costs of the battery storage, the fuel cell and the electrolyzer, respectively, c.sub.st.sup.buy c.sub.st.sup.sell represent the electricity buying and selling costs, respectively, and c.sub.e.sup.ls c.sub.h.sup.ls c.sub.c.sup.ls represent the unit load shedding costs of the electric, thermal and cold loads, respectively; and establishing constraints of intra-day uncertainties such as the electric, thermal and cold loads, output of the wind turbine and solar radiation as follows: $U=\left\{{\tilde{P}}^{\mathrm{el}}{R}^{N_s{N}_t};{\tilde{P}}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{el}}={\hat{P}}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{el}}+P_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{el}+}{}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{el}+}-P_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{el}-}{}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{el}-},{}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{el}+/-}\left\{0,1\right\},\underset{t=1}{\overset{N_t}{.Math.}}\left({}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{el}+}+{}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{el}-}\right){}_s^{\mathrm{el}}\right\}s,t$ where U represents the set of the uncertain variables at the second stage, {tilde over (P)}.sup.el represents the uncertain electric load, {tilde over (P)}.sub.st.sup.el {circumflex over (P)}.sub.st.sup.el P.sub.st.sup.el+ P.sub.st.sup.el respectively represent the actual value, the predicted value, the predicted upper deviation value and the predicted lower deviation value of the electric load, represent 0-1 variables of the predicted upper deviation value or the predicted lower deviation value of the electric load, respectively, and .sub.s.sup.el represents the uncertainty budget parameter of the entire scheduling horizon within a typical operation scenario.

5. The electric-thermal-hydrogen multi-energy device planning method for the zero energy buildings of claim 4, where the step 4 specifically comprises the following steps: step 4.1, rewriting the electric-thermal-hydrogen multi-energy device planning model into a general matrix form: $\underset{x}{\min }{A}^{T}x+\underset{uU}{\max }\underset{y,z\left(x,u\right)}{\min }{C}^{T}y+D^{T}z$ $s.t.B^{T}xb,x\left\{0,1\right\}$ $\mathrm{Ey}+\mathrm{Fz}+\mathrm{Gu}l-\mathrm{Hx},z\left\{0,1\right\}$ where A B C D E F G H b l represent the set of uncertain variables at the second stage, and (x,u) represents the feasible region of y and z under certain x and u; step 4.2, converting the min-max-min two-stage robust planning problem into a main problem and a subproblem, converting the subproblem into an u-fixed subproblem and a z-fixed subproblem, and iteratively solving the main problem and the subproblem to obtain the optimization result; where the subproblem is a max-min bilevel optimization problem shown as follows: $\underset{uU}{\max }\underset{y,z\left(x,u\right)}{\min }{C}^{T}y+D^{T}z$ $s.t.B^T{x}^{*}b$ $\mathrm{Ey}+\mathrm{Fz}+\mathrm{Gu}l-{\mathrm{Hx}}^{*},z\left\{0,1\right\}$ where x represents the optimization result in the main problem and serves as known variables to be substituted into the subproblem; and step 4.3, iteratively solving the main problem and the subproblem.

6. The electric-thermal-hydrogen multi-energy device planning method for the zero energy buildings of claim 5, where the subproblem in the step 4.2 is further decomposed into: step 4.2.1, the u-fixed subproblem: $\underset{y,z}{\min }{C}^{T}y+D^{T}z$ $s.t.\mathrm{Ey}+\mathrm{Fz}+{\mathrm{Gu}}^{*}f-{\mathrm{Hx}}^{*},z\left\{0,1\right\}$ where u* represents the optimization result in the z-fixed subproblem and serves as known variables to be substituted into the u-fixed subproblem; and step 4.2.2, the fixed subproblem z: $\underset{u,}{\max }=-{}^T\left(l-{\mathrm{Hx}}^{*}-\mathrm{Gu}-{\mathrm{Fz}}^{*}\right)+D^T{z}^{*}$ $s.t.-{}^{T}E{C}^T,{}^{T}0$ where represents the objective function of the z-fixed subproblem, z* represents the optimization result in the u-fixed subproblem and serves as known variables to be substituted into the z-fixed subproblem, represents the dual variable of the inequality constraint, and in view of higher difficulty in solution due to the bilinear term .sup.Tu the above formulation is converted into a linear optimization problem by using the big-M method, and the u-fixed subproblem and the z-fixed subproblem are iteratively solved until convergence to obtain the optimization result of the subproblem; the m.sup.th optimization result u.sup.m* of the subproblem is substituted, and new variables y.sub.m, z.sub.m are created to obtain the following main problem: $\underset{x}{\min }{A}^{T}x+$ $s.t.B^{T}xb,x\left\{0,1\right\}$ $C^T{y}_m+D^T{z}_m,1mr$ ${\mathrm{Ey}}_m+{\mathrm{Fz}}_m+{\mathrm{Gu}}^{m^{*}}l-\mathrm{Hx},1mr$ where r represents the total number of iterations, and the main problem and the subproblem are iteratively solved until the convergence condition is met.

7. The electric-thermal-hydrogen multi-energy device planning method for the zero energy buildings of claim 6, where the step of iteratively solving the main problem and the subproblem in the step 4.3 comprises: initialization: setting x.sup.0 as a feasible solution of the main problem, setting the number of iterations as m=1, and substituting x.sup.0 into the subproblem iteration processes shown in steps 4.3.2 to 4.3.5 to obtain the subproblem's solution (u.sup.m*, .sup.m*); and setting the lower boundary LB= and the upper boundary UB=+, and setting the main problem convergence coefficient ; step 4.3.1, substituting u.sup.m* into the main problem to obtain the solution (x.sup.m*, .sup.m*), and updating LB=A.sup.Tx.sup.m*+.sup.m*; step 4.3.2, setting the number of iterations as v=1, relaxing z as the continuous variable, and substituting x.sup.m* into the z-fixed subproblem to obtain the solution u.sup.v; step 4.3.3, substituting (x.sup.m*, u.sup.v) into the u-fixed subproblem to obtain the solution (y.sup.v, z.sup.v); step 4.3.4, substituting (z.sup.v, x.sup.m) into the z-fixed subproblem to obtain the solution (u.sup.v+1, z.sup.v+1), setting v=v+1; step 4.3.5, determining whether u.sup.v==u.sup.v1 is satisfied, if yes, outputting the optimization result (u.sup.m*, .sup.m*)=(u.sup.v, .sup.v), updating UB=A.sup.Tx.sup.m*+.sup.m*, and entering step 4.3.6; or else, returning to step 4.3.3; and step 4.3.6, determining whether <(UBLB)/UB< is satisfied, if yes, stopping outputting the optimization result; or else, returning to step 4.3.1.

8. The electric-thermal-hydrogen multi-energy device planning method for the zero energy buildings of claim 3, where the seasonal hydrogen storage device comprises the battery storage and a thermal energy storage device.

9. The electric-thermal-hydrogen multi-energy device planning method for the zero energy buildings of claim 4, where the seasonal hydrogen storage device comprises the battery storage and a thermal energy storage device.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0058] The present disclosure will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:

[0059] FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of electric-thermal-hydrogen multi-energy devices for zero energy buildings in the present disclosure; and

[0060] FIG. 2 is the process diagram of the planning method in the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0061] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present disclosure. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present disclosure, not all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present disclosure, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work shall fall within the protection scope of the present disclosure.

[0062] As shown in FIG. 1, the electric-thermal-hydrogen multi-energy devices for zero energy buildings include photovoltaic, a wind turbine, a battery storage, a heat pump, a photothermal plate, an absorption chiller, a thermal energy storage device, a fuel cell, an electrolyzer, an intra-day hydrogen storage device and a seasonal hydrogen storage device, where the photovoltaic and wind turbine generate electric energy, the heat pump converts electric energy into thermal energy, and the photothermal plate generates thermal energy.

[0063] The absorption chiller converts thermal energy into cold energy, the electrolyzer converts electric energy into hydrogen energy, the micro fuel cell converts hydrogen energy into electric energy and thermal energy, remaining electric, thermal and hydrogen energy is respectively stored by various energy storage devices, and the multi-energy-flow device supplies energy to electric, thermal and cold loads in the building by energy conversion and cooperation and enables the sum of electric quantity input from the power grid to the building within a year to be less than or equal to the output value thereof, that is, the requirement for yearly net zero energy target is met. As shown in FIG. 2, the electric-thermal-hydrogen multi-energy device planning method for zero energy buildings specifically includes the following steps: [0064] step 1, operation constraints of electric and thermal devices in the zero energy buildings are constructed; [0065] step 1.1, operation constraints of the absorption chiller, the heat pump and the photothermal plate are established as follows:

[00015]$0Q_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{ac},\mathrm{in}}{x}_c^{\mathrm{ac}}{\mathrm{Cap}}_c^{\mathrm{ac}},0P_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{hp}}{x}_c^{\mathrm{hp}}{\mathrm{Cap}}_c^{\mathrm{hp}};s,t$$Q_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{ac},\mathrm{out}}=Q_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{ac},\mathrm{in}}{}^{\mathrm{ac}};s,t$$\{\begin{array}{c}{Q}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{hp},h}={}^{\mathrm{hp}}{P}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{hp}}{}_h^{\mathrm{hp}}\\ Q_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{hp},c}=\left(1-{}^{\mathrm{hp}}\right)P_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{hp}}{}_c^{\mathrm{hp}}\end{array};s,t$${\tilde{Q}}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{st}}={}^{\mathrm{st}}{x}_c^{\mathrm{st}}{\mathrm{Cap}}_c^{\mathrm{st}}{\tilde{S}}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{rad}};s,t$ [0066] where subscripts s, t and c represent the typical operation scenario, intra-day time period and candidate device capacity, respectively, superscript represents the uncertain variables, Q.sub.st.sup.ac,in Q.sub.st.sup.ac,out represent the input thermal power and output cold power of the absorption chiller, respectively, P.sub.st.sup.hp Q.sub.st.sup.hp,h Q.sub.st.sup.hp,c represent the input electric power, output thermal power and output cold power of the heat pump, respectively, {tilde over (Q)}.sub.st.sup.st represents the output thermal power of the photothermal plate, and .sup.ac .sup.st represent the conversion efficiency of the absorption chiller and the photothermal plate, respectively; .sub.h.sup.hp .sub.c.sup.hp represent the electric-to-thermal conversion and electric-to-cold conversion efficiency of the heat pump, respectively, .sup.hp represents the thermal power distribution ratio of the heat pump, x.sub.c.sup.ac x.sub.c.sup.hp x.sub.c.sup.st represent the 0-1 installation variables of the absorption chiller, the heat pump and the photothermal plate, respectively, Cap.sub.c.sup.ac Cap.sub.c.sup.hp Cap.sub.c.sup.st represent the candidate installation capacity of the absorption chiller, the heat pump and the photothermal plate, respectively, and {tilde over (S)}.sub.st.sup.rad represents the solar radiation intensity; and [0067] step 1.2, operation constraints of photovoltaic and wind turbine are established as follows:

[00016]${\tilde{P}}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{pv}}={}^{\mathrm{pv}}{x}_c^{\mathrm{pv}}{\mathrm{Cap}}_c^{\mathrm{pv}}{\tilde{S}}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{rad}};s,t$${\tilde{P}}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{wt}}={\stackrel{~}{}}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{wt}}{x}_c^{\mathrm{wt}}{\mathrm{Cap}}_c^{\mathrm{wt}};s,t$ [0068] where {tilde over (P)}.sub.st.sup.pv {tilde over (P)}.sub.st.sup.wt represent the output electric power of the photovoltaic and wind turbine, respectively, x.sub.c.sup.pv x.sub.c.sup.wt represent the 0-1 installation variables of the photovoltaic and wind turbine, respectively, Cap.sub.c.sup.pv Cap.sub.c.sup.wt represent the candidate installation capacity of the photovoltaic and wind turbine, respectively, .sup.pv represents the conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic, and {tilde over ()}.sub.st.sup.wt represents the output ratio of the wind turbine.

[0069] Step 2, operation constraints of hydrogen devices including the electrolyzer, the fuel cell and the hydrogen storage device are constructed; [0070] step 2.1, operation constraints of the fuel cell and the electrolyzer are established as follows:

[00017]$I_{\mathrm{st}}^{\{.Math.\},\mathrm{on}}+I_{\mathrm{st}}^{\{.Math.\},\mathrm{off}}1,\{.Math.\}=\left\{\mathrm{chp},\mathrm{ed}\right\};s,t$$\underset{t=k}{\overset{k+N_{\min }^{\{.Math.\},\mathrm{on}}-1}{.Math.}}{I}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\{.Math.\},\mathrm{on}}1,\underset{t=k}{\overset{k+N_{\min }^{\{.Math.\},\mathrm{on}}-1}{.Math.}}\left(I_{\mathrm{st}}^{\{.Math.\},\mathrm{on}}+I_{\mathrm{st}}^{\{.Math.\},\mathrm{off}}\right)1,\{.Math.\}=\left\{\mathrm{chp},\mathrm{ed}\right\};s,k\left[1,N_t-N_{\min }^{\{.Math.\},\mathrm{on}}+1\right]$$\underset{t=k}{\overset{k+N_{\min }^{\{.Math.\},\mathrm{off}}-1}{.Math.}}{I}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\{.Math.\},\mathrm{off}}1,\underset{t=k}{\overset{k+N_{\min }^{\{.Math.\},\mathrm{off}}-1}{.Math.}}\left(I_{\mathrm{st}}^{\{.Math.\},\mathrm{on}}+I_{\mathrm{st}}^{\{.Math.\},\mathrm{off}}\right)1,\{.Math.\}=\left\{\mathrm{chp},\mathrm{ed}\right\};s,k\left[1,N_t-N_{\min }^{\{.Math.\},\mathrm{off}}+1\right]$$\underset{t=k}{\overset{k+N_{\max }^{\{.Math.\},\mathrm{on}}}{.Math.}}{}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\{.Math.\}}{N}_{\max }^{\{.Math.\},\mathrm{on}},\{.Math.\}=\left\{\mathrm{chp},\mathrm{ed}\right\};s,k\left[1,N_t-N_{\max }^{\{.Math.\},\mathrm{on}}\right]$$I_{\mathrm{st}}^{\{.Math.\},\mathrm{on}}-I_{\mathrm{st}}^{\{.Math.\},\mathrm{off}}={}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\{.Math.\}}-{}_{s,t-1}^{\{.Math.\}},\{.Math.\}=\left\{\mathrm{chp},\mathrm{ed}\right\};s,t$${}^{\{.Math.\}}{}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\{.Math.\}}{x}_c^{\{.Math.\}}{\mathrm{Cap}}_c^{\{.Math.\}}{P}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\{.Math.\},\mathrm{in}}{}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\{.Math.\}}{x}_c^{\{.Math.\}}{\mathrm{Cap}}_c^{\{.Math.\}},\{.Math.\}=\left\{\mathrm{chp},\mathrm{ed}\right\};s,t$$\{\begin{array}{c}{P}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\{.Math.\},\mathrm{in}}-P_{s,t-1}^{\{.Math.\},\mathrm{in}}{\mathrm{Ra}}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\{.Math.\}}{\mathrm{Ra}}_{\max }^{\{.Math.\}}\\ P_{s,t-1}^{\{.Math.\},\mathrm{in}}-P_{\mathrm{st}}^{\{.Math.\},\mathrm{in}}{\mathrm{Ra}}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\{.Math.\}}{\mathrm{Ra}}_{\max }^{\{.Math.\}}\end{array},\{.Math.\}=\left\{\mathrm{chp},\mathrm{ed}\right\};s,t$$P_{\mathrm{st}}^{\{.Math.\},\mathrm{out}}={}^{\{.Math.\}}{P}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\{.Math.\},\mathrm{in}},\{.Math.\}=\left\{\mathrm{chp},\mathrm{ed}\right\};s,t$$Q_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{chp},\mathrm{out}}={}^{\mathrm{chp}}\left(P_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{chp},\mathrm{in}}-P_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{chp},\mathrm{out}}\right);s,t$ [0071] where k represents the intra-day time periods, N.sub.t represents the number of the intra-day time periods, chp and ed represent the fuel cell and the electrolyzer, respectively, {} represents the set of two devices, I.sub.st.sup.{},on I.sub.st.sup.{},off represent the on-state and off-state of these two devices, respectively, N.sub.min.sup.{},on N.sub.min.sup.{},off represent the minimum on-state and off-state time of these two devices, and N.sub.max.sup.{},on represents the maximum on-state time of these two devices; .sub.st.sup.{} .sub.s,t1.sup.{} represent the state of these two devices within time periods t and t1, respectively, .sup.{} represents the minimum operation capacity percentage of these two devices, x.sub.c.sup.{} represents the 0-1 installation variables of these two devices, and Cap.sub.c.sup.{} represents the candidate installation capacity of these two devices; P.sub.st.sup.chp,in P.sub.st.sup.chp,out Q.sub.st.sup.chp,out represent the input hydrogen power, output electric power and output thermal power of the fuel cell, respectively, P.sub.st.sup.ed,in P.sub.st.sup.ed,out represent the input electric power and output hydrogen power of the electrolyzer, respectively, Ra.sub.st.sup.{} represents the ramping ratio of these two devices, Ra.sub.max.sup.{} represents the maximum ramping ratio of these two devices, .sup.{} represents the energy conversion efficiencies of these two devices, and .sup.chp represents the heat recovery ratio of the fuel cell; and [0072] step 2.2, operation constraints of the intra-day hydrogen storage device and the seasonal hydrogen storage device (including the battery storage and the thermal energy storage device) are established as follows:

[00018]$0P_{\mathrm{st}}^{\{.Math.\},+/-}{x}_i^{\{.Math.\}}{\mathrm{Cap}}_i^{\{.Math.\}}{}^{\{.Math.\}},\{.Math.\}=\left\{\mathrm{bs},\mathrm{hs},\mathrm{shs}\right\};s,t$$0Q_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{ts},+/-}{x}_c^{\mathrm{ts}}{\mathrm{Cap}}_c^{\mathrm{ts}}{}^{\mathrm{ts}};s,t$$P_{\mathrm{st}}^{\{.Math.\}+}.Math.P_{\mathrm{st}}^{\{.Math.\}-}=0,\{.Math.\}=\left\{\mathrm{bs},\mathrm{hs},\mathrm{shs}\right\};s,t$$Q_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{ts}+}.Math.Q_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{ts}-}=0;s,t$$x_c^{\{.Math.\}}{\mathrm{Cap}}_c^{\{.Math.\}}{}_{\min }^{\{.Math.\}}{E}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\{.Math.\}}{x}_c^{\{.Math.\}}{\mathrm{Cap}}_c^{\{.Math.\}}{}_{\max }^{\{.Math.\}},\{.Math.\}=\left\{\mathrm{bs},\mathrm{hs},\mathrm{shs},\mathrm{ts}\right\};s,t$$E_{s,N_t}^{\{.Math.\}}=E_{s,0}^{\{.Math.\}}=\left(x_c^{\{.Math.\}}{\mathrm{Cap}}_c^{\{.Math.\}}\right)/2,\{.Math.\}=\left\{\mathrm{bs},\mathrm{hs},\mathrm{shs},\mathrm{ts}\right\};s,t$$E_{s,t+1}^{\{.Math.\}}=E_{\mathrm{st}}^{\{.Math.\}}\left(1-{}^{\{.Math.\}}\right)+\left(P_{\mathrm{st}}^{\{.Math.\}+}{}^{\{.Math.\}+}-P_{\mathrm{st}}^{\{.Math.\}-}/{}^{\{.Math.\}-}\right)t,\{.Math.\}=\left\{\mathrm{bs},\mathrm{hs},\mathrm{shs},\mathrm{ts}\right\};s,t$$E_{s,0}^{\mathrm{shs}}=\left(1-{}^{\mathrm{shs}}{D}_{s-1}\right)\left(E_{s-1,0}^{\mathrm{shs}}+D_{s-1}\left(E_{s-1,N_t}^{\mathrm{shs}}-E_{s-1,0}^{\mathrm{shs}}\right)\right);s\left[2,N_s\right]$${}_s^{\mathrm{shs}+}+{}_s^{\mathrm{shs}-}1;s$$0P_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{shs}+}{}_s^{\mathrm{shs}+}M,0P_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{shs}-}{}_s^{\mathrm{shs}-}M;s,t$ [0073] where bs, hs, shs and ts represent the battery storage, the intra-day hydrogen storage device, the seasonal hydrogen storage device and the thermal energy storage device, respectively, {} represents the set of these four devices, N.sub.s represents the number of typical scenarios, P.sub.st.sup.bs+ P.sub.st.sup.bs represent the charging power and discharging power of the battery storage, respectively, and P.sub.st.sup.hs+ P.sub.st.sup.hs represent the hydrogen charging power and hydrogen discharging power of the intra-day hydrogen storage device, respectively; P.sub.st.sup.shs+ P.sub.st.sup.shs represent the hydrogen charging power and hydrogen discharging power of the seasonal hydrogen storage device, respectively; Q.sub.st.sup.ts+ Q.sub.st.sup.ts represent the heat charging power and heat discharging power of the thermal energy storage device, respectively, x.sub.c.sup.{} represents the 0-1 installation variables of these four energy storage devices, Cap.sub.c.sup.{} represents the candidate installation capacity of these four energy storage devices, .sup.{} represents the power-to-capacity installation ratio of these four energy storage devices, and E.sub.st.sup.{} represents the remaining capacity of these four energy storage devices; .sub.min.sup.{} .sub.max.sup.{} represent the minimum and maximum operating ratio of these four energy storage devices, respectively, E.sub.s,0.sup.{} E.sub.s,N.sub.t.sup.{} represent the capacity of these four energy storage devices in the initial and final time periods, respectively, .sup.{} represents the self-loss coefficients of these four energy storage devices, .sup.{}+ .sup.{} represent the energy charging and discharging loss coefficients of these four energy storage devices, respectively, and D.sub.s1 represents the number of days within the typical scenario s1 in a year; and E.sub.s1,0.sup.shs E.sub.s1,N.sub.t.sup.shs represent the remaining capacity of the seasonal hydrogen storage device in the initial and final time periods in the scenario s1, respectively, .sub.s.sup.shs+ .sub.s.sup.shs represent the 0-1 state variables of hydrogen charge and hydrogen discharge of the seasonal hydrogen storage device in the typical operation scenario s, respectively, and M represents a larger positive number.

[0074] Step 3, the robust electric-thermal-hydrogen multi-energy device planning model considering the source-load uncertainties and the buildings' annual net zero energy constraints is established; [0075] step 3.1, the balance constraints of electric, thermal, cold and hydrogen power are established as follows:

[00019]$P_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{bs}-}-P_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{bs}+}+P_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{chp},\mathrm{out}}+P_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{grid}+}-P_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{grid}-}-P_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{hp}}+{\tilde{P}}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{pv}}-P_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{ed},\mathrm{in}}+{\tilde{P}}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{wt}}={\tilde{P}}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{el}}-P_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{se}};s,t$$Q_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{hp},h}+Q_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{chp},\mathrm{out}}+Q_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{st}}-Q_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{ts}+}+Q_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{ts}-}-Q_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{ac},\mathrm{in}}={\tilde{Q}}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{hl}}-Q_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{sh}};s,t$$Q_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{ac},\mathrm{out}}+Q_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{hp},c}={\tilde{Q}}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{cl}}-Q_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{sc}};s,t$$P_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{ed},\mathrm{out}}+P_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{shs}-}-P_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{shs}+}+P_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{hs}-}-P_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{hs}+}=P_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{chp},\mathrm{in}};s,t$ [0076] where P.sub.st.sup.grid+ P.sub.st.sup.grid represent the the zero energy buildings' electric power buying from and selling to the power grid, respectively, {tilde over (P)}.sub.st.sup.el {tilde over (P)}.sub.st.sup.hl {tilde over (P)}.sub.st.sup.cl represent the electric, thermal and cold loads of the buildings, respectively, and P.sub.st.sup.se P.sub.st.sup.sh P.sub.st.sup.sc represent the shedding power of the electric, thermal and cold loads of the zero energy buildings, respectively; [0077] step 3.2, output power upper limit constraints of the electric, thermal and cold loads are established as follows:

[00020]$0P_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{se}}{}_{\max }^{\mathrm{se}}{\hat{P}}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{el}};s,t$$0Q_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{sh}}{}_{\max }^{\mathrm{sh}}{\hat{Q}}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{hl}};s,t$$0Q_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{sc}}{}_{\max }^{\mathrm{sc}}{\hat{Q}}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{cl}};s,t$ [0078] where {circumflex over (P)}.sub.st.sup.el {circumflex over (P)}.sub.st.sup.hl {circumflex over (P)}.sub.st.sup.cl represent the forecast values of the electric, thermal and cold loads of the zero energy buildings, respectively, and .sub.max.sup.se .sub.max.sup.sh .sub.max.sup.sc represent the maximum output percentages of the electric, thermal and cold loads of the buildings, respectively; [0079] step 3.3, power grid exchange power constraints and annual zero energy constraints are established as follows:

[00021]$0P_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{grid}+}{}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{grid}+}{P}_{\max }^{\mathrm{grid}},0P_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{grid}-}{}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{grid}-}{P}_{\max }^{\mathrm{grid}};s,t$${}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{grid}+}+{}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{grid}-}1;s,t$$\underset{s}{.Math.}\underset{t}{.Math.}{P}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{grid}+}t-\underset{s}{.Math.}\underset{t}{.Math.}{P}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{grid}-}t0$ [0080] where P.sub.max.sup.grid represents the upper limit of the exchange electric power with power grid, .sub.st.sup.grid+ .sub.st.sup.grid represent the 0-1 state variables of the electric power buying from and selling to the power grid, respectively, and t represents the duration of time period t; [0081] step 3.4, the objective function and various specific costs are established as follows:

[00022]$\underset{x}{\min }{C}^{\mathrm{inv}}+\underset{u}{\max }\underset{y,z}{\min }{C}^{\mathrm{om}}+C^{\mathrm{grid}}+C^{\mathrm{deg}}+C^{\mathrm{ls}}$$C_{}^{\mathrm{inv}}=c_{}^{\mathrm{inv}}{x}_c^{}{\mathrm{Cap}}_c^{}{}_{}$$C^{\mathrm{inv}}=C_{\mathrm{ac}}^{\mathrm{inv}}+C_{\mathrm{bs}}^{\mathrm{inv}}+C_{\mathrm{chp}}^{\mathrm{inv}}+C_{\mathrm{ed}}^{\mathrm{inv}}+C_{\mathrm{hp}}^{\mathrm{inv}}+C_{\mathrm{hs}}^{\mathrm{inv}}+C_{\mathrm{pv}}^{\mathrm{inv}}+C_{\mathrm{shs}}^{\mathrm{inv}}+C_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{inv}}+C_{\mathrm{ts}}^{\mathrm{inv}}+C_{\mathrm{wt}}^{\mathrm{inv}}$${}_{}={\left(1+\right)}^{Y_{}}/\left({\left(1+\right)}^{Y_{}}-1\right)$$C^{\mathrm{om}}=\underset{s}{.Math.}{D}_s\underset{t}{.Math.}\left(\begin{array}{c}{c}_{\mathrm{chp}}^{\mathrm{on}}{I}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{chp}}+c_{\mathrm{chp}}^{\mathrm{off}}{I}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{chp}}+c_{\mathrm{ed}}^{\mathrm{on}}{I}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{ed}}+c_{\mathrm{ed}}^{\mathrm{off}}{I}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{ed}}+c_{\mathrm{bs}}^{\mathrm{om}}(P_{\mathrm{wst}}^{\mathrm{bs}+}+\\ P_{\mathrm{wst}}^{\mathrm{bs}-})+c_{\mathrm{chp}}^{\mathrm{om}}{P}_{\mathrm{wst}}^{\mathrm{chp},\mathrm{in}}+c_{\mathrm{ed}}^{\mathrm{om}}{P}_{\mathrm{wst}}^{\mathrm{ed}}+\\ c_{\mathrm{hp}}^{\mathrm{om}}{P}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{hp}}+c_{\mathrm{pv}}^{\mathrm{om}}{P}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{pv}}+c_{\mathrm{wt}}^{\mathrm{om}}{P}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{wt}}+c_{\mathrm{hs}}^{\mathrm{om}}\left(P_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{hs}+}+P_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{hs}-}\right)+\\ c_{\mathrm{shs}}^{\mathrm{om}}\left(P_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{shs}+}+P_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{shs}-}\right)+\\ c_{\mathrm{ac}}^{\mathrm{om}}{Q}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{ac}}+c_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{om}}{Q}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{st}}+c_{\mathrm{ts}}^{\mathrm{om}}\left(Q_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{ts}+}+Q_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{ts}-}\right)\end{array}\right)t$$C^{\mathrm{deg}}=\underset{s}{.Math.}{D}_s\underset{t}{.Math.}\left(c_{\mathrm{bs}}^{\mathrm{deg}}\left(P_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{bs}+}+P_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{bs}-}\right)+c_{\mathrm{chp}}^{\mathrm{deg}}{\mathrm{Ra}}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{chp}}+c_{\mathrm{ed}}^{\mathrm{deg}}{\mathrm{Ra}}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{ed}}\right)t$$C^{\mathrm{grid}}=\underset{s}{.Math.}{D}_s\underset{t}{.Math.}\left(c_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{buy}}{P}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{grid}+}-c_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{sell}}{P}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{grid}-}\right)t$$C^{\mathrm{ls}}=\underset{s}{.Math.}{D}_s\underset{t}{.Math.}\left(c_e^{\mathrm{ls}}{P}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{se}}+c_h^{\mathrm{ls}}{Q}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{sh}}+c_c^{\mathrm{ls}}{Q}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{sc}}\right)t$ [0082] where represents the set of devices, D.sub.s represents the number of days that the typical scenario s lasts, and C.sup.inv C.sup.om C.sup.grid C.sup.deg C.sup.ls represent the annual investment cost, annual operation and maintenance cost, annual electricity trading cost, annual device degradation cost and annual load shedding cost, respectively; C.sub.ac.sup.inv C.sub.bs.sup.inv C.sub.chp.sup.inv C.sub.ed.sup.inv C.sub.hp.sup.inv C.sub.hs.sup.inv C.sub.pv.sup.inv C.sub.shs.sup.inv C.sub.st.sup.inv C.sub.ts.sup.inv C.sub.wt.sup.inv represent the annual investment costs of the absorption chiller, the battery storage, the fuel cell, the electrolyzer, the heat pump, the intra-day hydrogen storage device, the photovoltaic, the seasonal hydrogen storage device, the photothermal plate, the thermal energy storage and the wind turbine, respectively; x represents the 0-1 variables of the robust model at the first stage, u represents uncertain variables at the second stage, y and z represent continuous and 0-1 operation variables in the worst scenario at the second stage, respectively, .sub. represents the present worth factor, represents the discount rate, Y.sub. represents the lifetime of the energy device, and c.sub..sup.inv represents the device unit investment cost; x.sub.c.sup. represents 0-1 the device investment variables, Cap.sub.c.sup. represents the candidate installation capacity of the energy device, c.sub.chp.sup.on c.sub.chp.sup.off represent the startup and shutdown cost of the fuel cell, respectively, c.sub.ed.sup.on c.sub.ed.sup.off represent the startup and shutdown cost of the electrolyzer, respectively, and c.sub.bs.sup.om c.sub.chp.sup.om c.sub.ed.sup.om c.sub.hp.sup.om c.sub.pv.sup.om c.sub.wt.sup.om c.sub.hs.sup.om c.sub.shs.sup.om c.sub.ac.sup.om c.sub.st.sup.om c.sub.ts.sup.om represent the unit operation costs of the battery storage, the fuel cell, the electrolyzer, the heat pump, the photovoltaic, the wind turbine, the hydrogen storage, the seasonal hydrogen storage device, the absorption chiller, the photothermal plate and the thermal energy storage device, respectively; c.sub.bs.sup.deg c.sub.chp.sup.deg c.sub.ed.sup.deg represent the unit degradation costs of the battery storage, the fuel cell and the electrolyzer, respectively, c.sub.st.sup.buy c.sub.st.sup.sell represent the electricity buying and selling costs, respectively, and c.sub.e.sup.ls c.sub.h.sup.ls c.sub.c.sup.ls represent the unit load shedding costs of the electric, thermal and cold loads, respectively; and [0083] constraints of intra-day uncertainties such as the electric, thermal and cold loads, output of the wind turbine and solar radiation are established as follows (with the electric load as an example):

[00023]$U=\left\{{\tilde{P}}^{\mathrm{el}}{R}^{N_s{N}_t};{\tilde{P}}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{el}}={\hat{P}}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{el}}+P_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{el}+}{}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{el}+}-P_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{el}-}{}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{el}-},{}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{el}+/-}\left\{0,1\right\},\underset{t=1}{\overset{N_t}{.Math.}}\left({}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{el}+}+{}_{\mathrm{st}}^{\mathrm{el}-}\right){}_s^{\mathrm{el}}\right\}s,t$ [0084] where U represents the set of the uncertain variables at the second stage, {tilde over (P)}.sup.el represents the uncertain electric load, {tilde over (P)}.sub.st.sup.el {circumflex over (P)}.sub.st.sup.el P.sub.st.sup.el+ P.sub.st.sup.el represent the actual value, the predicted value, the predicted upper deviation value and the predicted lower deviation value of the electric load, respectively, represent the 0-1 variables of the predicted upper deviation value or the predicted lower deviation value of the electric load, respectively, and .sub.s.sup.el represents the uncertainty budget parameter of an entire scheduling horizon within a typical operation scenario.

[0085] Step 4, the robust electric-thermal-hydrogen multi-energy device planning model is solved by adopting an alternating optimization procedure based column-and-constraint generation algorithm; [0086] step 4.1, electric-thermal-hydrogen multi-energy device planning model is rewritten into a general matrix form:

[00024]$\underset{x}{\min }{A}^{T}x+\underset{uU}{\max }\underset{y,z\left(x,u\right)}{\min }{C}^{T}y+D^{T}z$$s.t.B^{T}xb,x\left\{0,1\right\}$$\mathrm{Ey}+\mathrm{Fz}+\mathrm{Gu}l-\mathrm{Hx},z\left\{0,1\right\}$ [0087] where A B C D E F G H b l represent the set of uncertain variables at the second stage, and (x,u) represents the feasible region of y and z under certain x and u; [0088] step 4.2, the min-max-min two-stage robust planning problem is converted into a main problem and a subproblem, the subproblem is converted into a u-fixed subproblem and a z-fixed subproblem, and the main problem and the subproblem are iteratively solved to obtain the optimization result; where the subproblem is a max-min bilevel optimization problem shown as follows:

[00025]$\underset{x}{\min }{A}^{T}x+\underset{uU}{\max }\underset{y,z\left(x,u\right)}{\min }{C}^{T}y+D^{T}z$$s.t.B^{T}xb,x\left\{0,1\right\}$$\mathrm{Ey}+\mathrm{Fz}+\mathrm{Gu}l-\mathrm{Hx},z\left\{0,1\right\}$ [0089] where x* represents the optimization result in the main problem and serves as known variables to be substituted into the subproblem; and in view of the fact that a max-min problem cannot be directly paired and converted into the max problem to be solved due to the 0-1 variables contained in constraints of the subproblem, and therefore, the subproblem is further decomposed into: [0090] step 4.2.1, the u-fixed subproblem:

[00026]$\underset{y,z}{\min }{C}^{T}y+D^{T}z$$s.t.\mathrm{Ey}+\mathrm{Fz}+{\mathrm{Gu}}^{*}f-{\mathrm{Hx}}^{*},z\left\{0,1\right\}$ [0091] where u* represents the optimization result in the z-fixed subproblem and serves as known variables to be substituted into the u-fixed subproblem; and [0092] step 4.2.2, the z-fixed subproblem:

[00027]$\underset{u,}{\max }=-{}^T\left(l-{\mathrm{Hx}}^{*}-\mathrm{Gu}-{\mathrm{Fz}}^{*}\right)+D^T{z}^{*}$$s.t.-{}^{T}E{C}^T,{}^{T}0$ [0093] where represents the objective function of the z-fixed subproblem, z* represents the optimization result in the u-fixed subproblem and serves as known variables to be substituted into the z-fixed subproblem, represents the dual variable of the inequality constraint, and in view of higher difficulty in solution due to the bilinear term .sup.Tu, the above formulation is converted into a linear optimization problem by using the big-M method, and the u-fixed subproblem and the z-fixed subproblem are iteratively solved until convergence to obtain the optimization result of the subproblem; [0094] the m.sup.th optimization result u.sup.m* of the subproblem is substituted, and new variables y.sub.m, z.sub.m are created to obtain the following main problem:

[00028]$\underset{x}{\min }{A}^{T}x+$$s.t.B^{T}xb,x\left\{0,1\right\}$$C^T{y}_m+D^T{z}_m,1mr$${\mathrm{Ey}}_m+{\mathrm{Fz}}_m+{\mathrm{Gu}}^{m^{*}}l-\mathrm{Hx},1mr$ [0095] where r represents the total number of iterations, and the main problem and the subproblem are iteratively solved until the convergence condition is met; [0096] step 4.3, the main problem and the subproblem are iteratively solved, and the step that the main problem and the subproblem are iteratively solved includes: [0097] initialization: x.sup.0 is set as a feasible solution of the main problem, the number of iterations is set as m=1, and x.sup.0 is substituted into the subproblem iteration processes shown in steps 4.3.2 to 4.3.5 to obtain the subproblem's solution (u.sup.m*, .sup.m*); and the lower boundary LB= and the upper boundary UB=+ are set, and the main problem convergence coefficient is set; [0098] step 4.3.1, u.sup.m* is substituted into the main problem to obtain the solution (x.sup.m*, .sup.m*), and LB=A.sup.Tx.sup.m*+.sup.m* is updated; [0099] step 4.3.2, the number of iterations is set as v=1, z is relaxed as the continuous variable, and x.sup.m* is substituted into the z-fixed subproblem to obtain the solution u.sup.v; [0100] step 4.3.3, (x.sup.m*, u.sup.v) is substituted into the u-fixed subproblem to obtain the solution (y.sup.v, z.sup.v); [0101] step 4.3.4, (z.sup.v, x.sup.m) is substituted into the z-fixed subproblem to obtain the solution (u.sup.v+1, z.sup.v+1), it is set that v=v+1; [0102] step 4.3.5, it is determined whether u.sup.v==u.sup.v1 is satisfied, if yes, the optimization result (u.sup.m*, .sup.m*)=(u.sup.v, .sup.v) is output, UB=A.sup.Tx.sup.m*+.sup.m* is updated, and step 4.3.6 is enabled to enter; [0103] or else, step 4.3.3 is returned; and [0104] step 4.3.6, it is determined whether <(UBLB)/UB< is satisfied, if yes, the optimization result is stopped from being output; or else, step 4.3.1 is returned.

[0105] In the description of the present description, the description with reference to terms such as an embodiment, example and specific example is intended to indicate that specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present disclosure. In the present description, the schematic statement for the above-mentioned terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the described specific features, structures, materials or characteristics may be combined in an appropriate way in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0106] The basic principles, main characteristics and advantages of the present disclosure are shown and described as above. It should be known by the skilled in the art that the present disclosure is not limited by above-mentioned embodiments, the principle of the present disclosure is only described in the above-mentioned embodiments and the description, various variations and improvements of the present disclosure can be further made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. and these variations and improvements shall fall within the scope of the present disclosure.