Writing instrument

Abstract

A protective element for a writing tip of a writing instrument including a cap extending longitudinally along a central axis and configured to be fitted onto a body of the instrument, and a clip extending substantially parallel to the central axis from a first end fixed to the cap to a free end. The clip and the cap are in one piece.

Claims

1. A protective element for a writing tip of a writing instrument comprising: a cap extending longitudinally along a central axis and to be fitted onto a body of the instrument; and a clip extending substantially parallel to the central axis from a first end fixed to the cap to a free end, wherein the clip and the cap are in one piece and are made of at least partially amorphous metal alloy.

2. The protective element according to claim 1, wherein the metal alloy includes at least one precious element in a list of gold, platinum, palladium, rhenium, ruthenium, rhodium, silver, iridium, and osmium.

3. The protective element according to claim 2, wherein the metal alloy is free of cobalt, of beryllium, or of nickel.

4. The protective element according to claim 2, wherein the cap further includes complementary members directly inlaid in a body thereof during a casting or hot forming operation.

5. A method of making a protective element for a writing tip of a writing instrument according to claim 2, wherein the cap is achieved by: taking a material forming the cap; making the cap by casting the material in a mold to form an assembly; cooling the assembly to give the cap an amorphous state; and removing the cap.

6. The method of making a writing instrument according to claim 5, wherein the mold comprises surface states to directly replicate surface states during the casting operation or a hot forming operation.

7. A method of making a protective element for a writing tip of a writing instrument according to claim 2, wherein the cap is achieved by: creating a preform with the at least partially amorphous metal alloy; heating dies between the vitreous transition temperature and the crystallization temperature of the metal alloy; placing the preform between the dies; and exerting pressure on the preform with aid of the dies for a predetermined time to replicate a shape thereof on each of the surfaces of the preform, cooling the cap to conserve the at least partially amorphous state.

8. The method of making a writing instrument according to claim 7, wherein the dies comprise surface states to directly replicate surface states during a casting or hot forming operation.

9. The protective element according to claim 1, wherein the clip and the cap are made of totally amorphous metal alloy.

10. The protective element according to claim 9, wherein the metal alloy is free of cobalt, of beryllium, or of nickel.

11. The protective element according to claim 9, wherein the cap further includes complementary members directly inlaid in a body thereof during a casting or hot forming operation.

12. A method of making a protective element for a writing tip of a writing instrument according to claim 9, wherein the cap is achieved by: taking a material forming the cap; making the cap by casting the material in a mold to form an assembly; cooling the assembly to give the cap an amorphous state; and removing the cap.

13. The method of making a writing instrument according to claim 12, wherein the mold comprises surface states to directly replicate surface states during the casting operation or a hot forming operation.

14. A method of making a protective element for a writing tip of a writing instrument according to claim 9, wherein the cap is achieved by: creating a preform with the at least partially amorphous metal alloy; heating dies between the vitreous transition temperature and the crystallization temperature of the metal alloy; placing the preform between the dies; and exerting pressure on the preform with aid of the dies for a predetermined time to replicate a shape thereof on each of the surfaces of the preform; cooling the cap to conserve the at least partially amorphous state.

15. The method of making a writing instrument according to claim 14, wherein the dies comprise surface states to directly replicate surface states during a casting or hot forming operation.

16. The protective element according to claim 1, wherein the metal alloy is free of cobalt, of beryllium, or of nickel.

17. The protective element according to claim 1, wherein the cap further includes complementary members directly inlaid in a body thereof during a casting or hot forming operation.

18. A method of making a protective element for a writing tip of a writing instrument according to claim 17, wherein the cap is achieved by: taking a material forming the cap; making the cap by casting the material in a mold to form an assembly; cooling the assembly to give the cap an amorphous state; and removing the cap.

19. The method of making a writing instrument according to claim 18, wherein the mold comprises surface states to directly replicate surface states during a casting or hot forming operation.

20. A method of making a protective element for a writing tip of a writing instrument according to claim 17, wherein the cap is achieved by: creating a preform with the at least partially amorphous metal alloy; heating dies between the vitreous transition temperature and the crystallization temperature of the metal alloy; placing the preform between the dies; and exerting pressure on the preform with aid of the dies for a predetermined time to replicate a shape thereof on each of the surfaces of the preform; cooling the cap to conserve the at least partially amorphous state.

21. The method of making a writing instrument according to claim 20, wherein the dies comprise surface states to directly replicate surface states during the casting or hot forming operation.

22. A method of making a protective element for a writing tip of a writing instrument according to claim 1, wherein the cap is achieved by: taking a material forming the cap; making the cap by casting the material in a mold to form an assembly; cooling the assembly to give the cap an amorphous state; and removing the cap.

23. The method of making a writing instrument according to claim 22, wherein the mold comprises surface states to directly replicate surface states during the casting operation or a hot forming operation.

24. A method of making a protective element for a writing tip of a writing instrument according to claim 1, wherein the cap is achieved by: creating a preform with the at least partially amorphous metal alloy; heating dies between the vitreous transition temperature and the crystallization temperature of the metal alloy; placing the preform between the dies; and exerting pressure on the preform with aid of the dies for a predetermined time to replicate a shape thereof on each of the surfaces of the preform; cooling the cap to conserve the at least partially amorphous state.

25. The method of making a writing instrument according to claim 24, wherein the dies comprise surface states to directly replicate surface states during a casting or hot forming operation.

26. A writing instrument comprising: a body; a protective element to be fitted onto the body, the protective element comprising: a cap extending longitudinally along a central axis; and a clip extending substantially parallel to the central axis from a first end fixed to the cap to a free end, wherein the clip and the cap are in one piece and are made of at least partially amorphous metal alloy.

27. The protective element according to claim 1, wherein the body includes a return spring to accommodate a cartridge assembly, the return spring shaped as a washer and formed inside the body as one piece with the body.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) The objects, advantages and features of the protective element for the writing instrument according to the present invention will appear more clearly in the following detailed description of at least one embodiment of the invention, given solely by way of non-limiting example and illustrated by the annexed drawings, in which:

(2) FIG. 1 shows a schematic, longitudinal, cross-sectional view of a writing instrument according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

(3) FIG. 2 shows a schematic side view of a variant of a writing instrument according to the present invention; and

(4) FIG. 2a shows a schematic, radial cross-section of a writing instrument according to the present invention; and

(5) FIG. 3 shows a schematic side view of a writing instrument according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(6) FIGS. 1 and 2 show a cross-section of a writing instrument 1 according to a first embodiment. This writing instrument 1 includes a body 2 which extends longitudinally along a central axis C between a front end 3 and a rear end 4. The front end includes an opening 5 through which a writing tip 6, which is not visible as it is retracted, can extend. This writing tip 6 may be a lead tip or a nib or a ballpoint or a felt tip disposed at the end of a cartridge (not shown) extending longitudinally into body 2. At the rear end 4, the writing instrument has a push button 7 which can actuate a mechanism, not shown, for protracting/retracting the tip.

(7) This writing instrument is also provided with a resilient element 10 such as a clip 8 used to enable the user to clip the writing instrument, for example, to a shirt pocket. This clip 8 consists of an arm 81 provided at a first end 82 with a protruding element 83 that must be in contact with the body of the writing instrument. This clip is fixed, via a second end 84, to the body 2 of the writing instrument.

(8) In a variant, body 2 can be made in two parts, a conical nose 9 and a barrel to which the conical nose is fixed. It may also be made in three parts, a first portion to which the clip is fixed, a second portion used for gripping said instrument and a third portion which is the conical nose fixed to the second portion. These three portions thus form said body 2.

(9) Advantageously according to the invention, at least the first portion of body 2 and clip 8 are in one piece and are made of a totally amorphous or partially amorphous material. In particular, metallic glasses are used, i.e. amorphous metal alloys. This configuration wherein at least the first portion of body 2 and clip 8 are in one piece provides a more solid appearance of better quality.

(10) Indeed, the advantage of these amorphous metal alloys, in terms of deformation, arises from the fact that, during manufacture, the atoms forming the amorphous material do not arrange themselves in a particular structure as is the case of crystalline materials. Thus, even if the Young's modulus E of a crystalline metal and that of an amorphous metal are identical, the elastic limit .sub.e is different. Indeed, the amorphous material differs in that it has a higher elastic limit .sub.ea than that of crystalline material in a ratio substantially equal to two. This enables amorphous materials to undergo greater stress before reaching elastic limit .sub.e, the stress thus withstood being four to eight times greater than that withstood by an equivalent crystalline material.

(11) First, this configuration makes it possible to improve the reliability of clip 8 on the writing instrument. Indeed, the elastic limit .sub.ea is higher, which makes the plastic domain more remote and therefore reduces the risk of plastically deforming clip 8 when the user handles the writing instrument.

(12) Further, advantageously, it is noted that, with a clip 8 made of amorphous material, it is possible, for the same stress, to optimise the dimensions of the clip in order to withstand the same stresses. Indeed, the dimensions of clip 8, such as the thickness, modify its deformation. Advantageously, if the elastic limit increases, then the stress that can be applied to clip 8 without any plastic deformation, increases. It then becomes possible to maintain the same stress resistance while reducing its thickness. Clip 8 consequently becomes thinner and thus less visible which may be an advantage in terms of aesthetics.

(13) Further, amorphous materials or amorphous metal alloys have the characteristic of being harder than their crystalline equivalents. Consequently, the body 2 made of such materials will be harder and therefore more resistant.

(14) The following can be cited as examples of amorphous materials that may be used: Zr41Ti14Cu12Ni10Be23, which has a Young's modulus E value of 105 GPa and elastic limit of .sub.e=1.9 GPa, and which has a ratio .sub.e/E=0.018, and Pt57.5Cu14.7Ni5.3P22.3, which has a Young's modulus E value of 98 GPA and elastic limit of .sub.e=1.4 GPa, with a ratio .sub.e/E=0.014. It will be understood that the alloys cited in the following Patents: U.S. Pat. No. 5,288,344; U.S. Pat. No. 5,618,359 and U.S. Pat. No. 7,368,022 are incorporated by reference in this Patent Application.

(15) Of course, there are other features which may be advantageous such as the allergenic aspect of the alloy. Indeed, it may be noted that whether the materials are crystalline or amorphous they often use alloys comprising allergens. For example, these types of alloys include cobalt, beryllium or nickel. Thus, variants of the invention may be made with alloys that do not contain these allergens. It may also provided that allergens are present but do not cause an allergic reaction.

(16) According to another variant of the invention, it may be provided that the at least first portion of body 2 and clip 8 are made of noble material. Indeed, in the crystalline state, noble materials such as gold or platinum are too soft to produce a flexible and robust clip 8. However, once they take the form of metallic glass, i.e. an amorphous state, these precious metals then enjoy characteristics such that it becomes possible to use them while providing a valuable, attractive appearance. Preferably, platinum 850 (Pt850) and gold 750 (Au 750) are the precious metals that will be used to make the assembly formed by said at least first portion of body 2 and clip 8. Of course, other precious metals could be used, such as palladium, rhenium, ruthenium, rhodium, silver, iridium and osmium. It will be understood that the alloys cited in the following Patents: WO 2006/045106 and WO 2004/059019 are incorporated by reference in this Patent Application.

(17) It may also be noted that amorphous metal alloys are easy to shape. Indeed, amorphous metals have the specific characteristic of softening while remaining amorphous within a given temperature range (Tx-Tg) specific to each alloy. It is therefore possible to shape these metals under relatively low stress and at a low temperature.

(18) This method, precisely described in US Patent No 2003/0047248 incorporated by reference in this Patent Application, consists in hot forming an amorphous preform. The preform is obtained by melting the metallic elements forming the amorphous alloy in a furnace. The melting is carried out in a controlled atmosphere in order to obtain the lowest possible oxygen contamination of the alloy. Once these elements have melted, they are cast in semi-finished product form, then rapidly cooled to preserve the amorphous state. Once the preform is made, hot forming is performed in order to obtain a finished part. This hot forming is achieved by pressing within a temperature range of between Tg and Tx for a determined period of time in order to preserve a totally or partially amorphous structure or state. This is performed in order to preserve the characteristic elastic properties of amorphous metals. The various final shaping steps are then: i. Heating dies having the negative shape of the assembly formed by the at least first portion of body 2 and clip 8 to a selected temperature. ii. Inserting the amorphous metal preform between the hot dies. iii. Applying a closing force onto the dies to replicate the geometry of said dies on the amorphous metal preform. iv. Waiting for a selected maximum time. v. Opening the dies. vi. Rapid cooling of the assembly formed by the at least first portion of body 2 and clip 8 to below temperature Tg, and vii. Removing the assembly formed by the at least first portion of body 2 and clip 8 from the dies.

(19) This shaping method can very accurately reproduce fine geometries since the viscosity of the alloy is greatly decreased, and the alloy therefore adopts all the details of the mould. The advantage of this method is that there is no solidification shrinkage which allows a more precise component to be obtained, achieved at a higher temperature than by injection. Further, this makes it possible to produce at least a first portion of body 2 and the clip in the same single step. Moreover, the fact that at least the first portion of body 2 and clip 8 are in one piece reduces the risk of clip 8 being pulled off.

(20) Of course, other types of shaping are possible such as injection shaping. This method, described precisely in U.S. Pat. No. 5,711,363 incorporated by reference in the present Application, consists in moulding the alloy obtained by melting metallic elements in a furnace, in the form of any component, such as a bar, which may be either in a crystalline or amorphous state. Then, this alloy component of any shape is melted again and injected into a mould having the shape of the final component. Once the mould has been filled, it is rapidly cooled to a temperature below T.sub.g to prevent crystallisation of the alloy and thus to obtain the assembly formed of the at least first portion of body 2 and clip 8 in amorphous or semi-amorphous metal.

(21) Thus, it is possible to shape the assembly formed of the at least first portion of body 2 and clip 8 in the desired geometry.

(22) A variant consists in creating decorations directly during manufacture of the assembly formed by the at least first portion of body 2 and clip 8. To achieve this, the decorations of writing instrument 1 such as Ctes de Genve, circular graining, satin finishing or engine-turning are achieved directly in the negative pattern cavities of said mould or of said dies used respectively for casting and hot forming. Thus, in addition to the aforecited advantages, this variant also avoids the use of the heavy equipment currently used to produce these decorations in series. It is clear that the method therefore makes it possible to produce a decorated writing instrument more rapidly and, incidentally, more cheaply.

(23) Advantageously, it may be provided that complementary members, such as pearl inserts or precious stones are inlaid in the writing instrument. It could be provided that the complementary member is placed straight into the mould or onto the dies and inlaid during casting or hot forming steps. This complementary member thus forms an integral part of the writing instrument and is not an additional part.

(24) In a second embodiment seen in FIG. 3, writing instrument 1 includes a protective element or cap 20 intended to be secured to body 2 and to protect the front end 3. In fact, the writing tip 6 is arranged at this front end 3 and it is sometimes necessary to protect the writing tip, particularly in the case of a nib or felt tip. This cap 20 includes a component extending longitudinally along central axis C. The component is arranged to be fitted onto body 2 of said instrument. It is possible to envisage said protective element including a clip 80. This clip 80 extends substantially parallel to the central axis (C) from a first end fixed to the component to a free end.

(25) Advantageously, clip 80 and said cap 20 are in one piece and are made of at least partially amorphous metal alloy. Naturally, all the variants described for the first embodiment are also possible for the second embodiment.

(26) In the case of a writing instrument with a push button and retractable lead tip or ballpoint, it will also be noted that body 2 may further include a return spring 11 for the writing tip-cartridge assembly as seen in FIGS. 2 and 2a. Advantageously, this spring 11 is in one piece with body 2 and may take the form of a pierced washer extending radially towards the centre of body 2 ensuring the spring effect, as seen in FIG. 2A, which shows a view of spring 11 along cross-sectional axis A. Alternatively, this washer may be replaced by a plurality of tabs extending radially towards the centre of body 2. A slight tilt may be present to ensure better operation. The use of amorphous metal alloy makes it possible to obtain a spring withstanding greater stress and ensuring greater reliability. This return spring 11 may also be created directly with body 2 in a hot forming or casting operation.

(27) It will be clear that various alterations and/or improvements and/or combinations evident to those skilled in the art may be made to the various embodiments of the invention set out above without departing from the scope of the invention defined by the annexed claims.