Arrangement and method for reinforcing supporting structures

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to an arrangement having a supporting structure having a surface containing (e.g., consisting of) one or more faces, wherein a bore runs from at least one face into an inner region of the supporting structure, and this bore is filled with an adhesive and with a portion of a fibre bundle projecting beyond said face, wherein, on the at least one face, from which the bore runs into an inner region of the supporting structure, the supporting structure is provided with at least one groove which, starting from the bore, extends in at least one direction on the surface, and the projecting part of the fibre bundle is located, at least in part, in the at least one groove and is fastened therein by way of the adhesive.

Claims

1. An arrangement comprising: a supporting structure with a surface consisting of one or more faces, wherein a bore extends from at least one of the faces into an inner region of the supporting structure, a fiber bundle partially in said bore, and said bore is filled with an adhesive, a portion of the fiber bundle projecting beyond said bore, wherein, on the at least one of the faces from which the bore extends into an inner region of the supporting structure, the supporting structure is provided with at least one groove which extends from the bore in at least one direction on the surface, and the projecting portion of the fiber bundle is at least partially located in the at least one groove and is fastened therein with adhesive, wherein, on the at least one of the faces, the at least one groove includes a plurality of grooves of the supporting structure, the plurality of grooves extending from the bore in a region of at least one circular sector, and the projecting portion of the fiber bundle, divided up according to the fiber strands, is located in the grooves and is fastened therein with adhesive.

2. The arrangement as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plurality of grooves includes 2 to 16 grooves which extends from the bore.

3. The arrangement as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least one circular sector has a center point angle of 60 to 360.

4. The arrangement as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bore is a first bore, and a second bore extends from the at least one of the faces of the surface of the supporting structure or from another one of the faces of the surface of the supporting structure, the another one of the faces facing away from the at least one of the faces from which the first bore extends into the inner region of the supporting structure, into the inner region of the supporting structure, and the at least one groove extends from an inlet location of the first bore along the surface of the supporting structure toward an inlet location of the second bore, and the projecting portion of the fiber bundle at least partially extends in the at least one groove and leads into the second bore and is fastened therein with adhesive.

5. The arrangement as claimed in claim 4, wherein the second bore extends from the another one of the faces of the surface of the supporting structure into the inner region of the supporting structure, and the first and second bores are connected to each other in an extension of respective axes of the first and second bores.

6. The arrangement as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least one groove extends over at least one edge which connects two of the faces of the surface of the supporting structure to each other, and said at least one edge has a rounded portion in an interior of the at least one groove.

7. The arrangement as claimed in claim 1, wherein the surface of the supporting structure is at least partially connected to at least one surface reinforcement configured as a lamella and/or to at least one woven fabric, wherein the surface reinforcement is adhesively bonded to the surface of the supporting structure at least in a region of the portion of the fiber bundle which has been fastened in the at the least one groove by adhesive.

8. A method for reinforcing a supporting structure with a surface consisting of one or more faces, comprising: providing at least one bore from one of the faces of the supporting structure into an inner region of the supporting structure, providing at least one groove from the at least one bore in at least one direction on the surface of the supporting structure, placing an adhesive into the at least one bore, introducing a fiber bundle into the at least one bore such that a portion of the fiber bundle projects beyond the at least one bore, at least partially inserting the projecting portion of the fiber bundle into the at least one groove, and fastening the projecting portion of the fiber bundle in the at least one groove by adhesive, wherein the at least one groove includes 2 to 16 grooves which extends from the at least one bore.

9. The method as claimed in claim 8, including impregnating the fiber bundle with a resin before introducing the fiber bundle into the at least one bore and inserting the fiber bundle into the at least one groove.

10. The method as claimed in claim 8, wherein a surface reinforcement, configured as a lamella or a woven fabric, is attached over the portion of the fiber bundle which has been fastened in the at least one groove by adhesive and is adhesively bonded to the surface of the supporting structure at least in a region of the portion of the fiber bundle which has been fastened in the at least one groove by adhesive.

11. The arrangement as claimed in claim 10, wherein the at least one groove extends from the at least one bore in a region of at least one circular sector having a center point angle of 60 to 360.

12. The arrangement as claimed in claim 11, wherein the at least one groove extends over at least one edge which connects two of the faces of the surface of the supporting structure to each other, and said at least one edge has a rounded portion in an interior of the at least one groove.

13. The arrangement as claimed in claim 12, wherein the surface of the supporting structure is at least partially connected to at least one surface reinforcement configured as a lamella and/or to at least one woven fabric, wherein the surface reinforcement is adhesively bonded to the surface of the supporting structure at least in a region of the portion of the fiber bundle which has been fastened in the at least one groove by adhesive.

14. The method as claimed in claim 9, wherein a surface reinforcement, configured as a lamella or a woven fabric, is attached over the portion of the fiber bundle which has been fastened in the at least one groove by adhesive and is adhesively bonded to the surface of the supporting structure at least in a region of the portion of the fiber bundle which has been fastened in the at least one groove by adhesive.

15. An arrangement comprising: a supporting structure with a surface consisting of one or more faces, wherein a first bore extends from at least one of the faces into an inner region of the supporting structure, a fiber bundle partially in said first bore, and said first bore is filled with an adhesive, a portion of the fiber bundle projecting beyond said first bore, wherein, on the at least one of the faces from which the first bore extends into the inner region of the supporting structure, the supporting structure is provided with at least one groove which extends from the first bore in at least one direction on the surface, and the projecting portion of the fiber bundle is at least partially located in the at least one groove and is fastened therein with adhesive, wherein a second bore extends from another one of the faces of the surface of the supporting structure into the inner region of the supporting structure, the another one of the faces facing away from the at least one of the faces from which the first bore extends into the inner region of the supporting structure, the at least one groove extends from an inlet location of the first bore along the surface of the supporting structure toward an inlet location of the second bore, and the projecting portion of the fiber bundle at least partially extends in the at least one groove and leads into the second bore and is fastened therein with adhesive, and the first and second bores are connected to each other in an extension of respective axes of the first and second bores, and wherein the fiber bundle extends from a first end to a second end, the first and second ends overlap, and the fiber bundle forms a closed loop.

16. The arrangement as claimed in claim 15, wherein the first and second ends overlap inside the first bore and/or the second bore.

17. The arrangement as claimed in claim 15, wherein the first and second ends overlap in the at least one groove.

18. The arrangement as claimed in claim 15, wherein the first and second ends overlap over a length of 5 cm to 50 cm.

19. The arrangement as claimed in claim 15, wherein the fiber bundle is wound around the supporting structure and overlaps with itself over and entire length of the fiber bundle.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) Exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail with reference to the drawings. Identical elements are provided with the same reference signs in the various figures. Of course, the invention is not limited to exemplary embodiments which are shown and described.

(2) In the drawings:

(3) FIGS. 1A to 2C show: supporting structures with bores and grooves and fiber bundles or fiber strands adhesively bonded therein;

(4) FIGS. 3A to 4B show: supporting structures with bores and grooves and fiber bundles or fiber strands adhesively bonded therein, and also a surface reinforcement;

(5) FIGS. 5A to 6F show: embodiments of supporting structures with bores and grooves and fiber bundles or fiber strands adhesively bonded therein;

(6) FIGS. 7A and 7B show: detailed views of supporting structures with rounded edges within the groove.

(7) Only the elements essential for direct comprehension of the invention are shown in the figures.

WAYS OF IMPLEMENTING THE INVENTION

(8) FIG. 1A shows a section through a supporting structure 1 with a surface consisting of a plurality of faces 2a, 2b, 2c, wherein a bore 3 runs from the face 2a into an inner region of the supporting structure. Said bore is filled with an adhesive 12 and with a portion of a fiber bundle 4 projecting beyond said bore. On the face 2a, the supporting structure 1 is provided with a groove 5 which extends from the bore 3 or the inlet location of the bore into the face in one direction on the surface. That part of the fiber bundle 4 which projects beyond the bore is located in the groove 5 and is fastened therein with adhesive 12. FIG. 1B shows a top view of the arrangement shown in FIG. 1A, wherein a single groove 5 runs from the bore 3 in one direction on the surface. Furthermore, the entire projecting part of the fiber bundle is located in the groove and is fastened therein with adhesive 12.

(9) FIG. 1C likewise shows a top view of the arrangement shown in FIG. 1A, wherein, in this embodiment, a plurality of grooves 5 run from the bore 3 in various directions on the surface. The projecting part of the fiber bundle 4 is divided up according to fiber strands, wherein said fiber strands preferably have approximately the same thickness, and the fiber strands are located in the grooves and are fastened therein with adhesive 12.

(10) FIGS. 2A and 2B essentially show an analogous embodiment to the one shown in FIGS. 1A and 1C, wherein the plurality of grooves 5 run from the bore 3 radially on the surface of the supporting structure 1.

(11) Irrespective of the above-described embodiments, that portion of the fiber bundle which is located in the bore constitutes in particular one of the two loose ends of the fiber bundle. The other loose end of the fiber bundle constitutes that part of the fiber bundle which projects beyond the bore or which is located in the groove or the grooves and is fastened there.

(12) In another, less preferred embodiment, it is also possible to fold over a fiber bundle, in particular in the region of the center thereof or geometric center of gravity thereof, and thus to place the two loose ends of the fiber bundle one above the other. The fiber bundle is then introduced into the bore, preferably by the folded end, and the two loose ends are placed into the groove or divided up between a plurality of grooves. In both cases, that portion of the fiber bundle which is located in the bore is in each case in particular approximately the same length as that portion which projects beyond the bore.

(13) FIG. 2C shows an embodiment of the invention in which a central portion of the fiber bundle is located in the bore. The supporting structure 1 shown here has a surface consisting of a plurality of faces 2a, 2b, 2c, etc., and a first bore 3a which runs from the face 2a into the inner region of the supporting structure. The second bore 3b runs from the face 2b into the inner region of the supporting structure. The face 2b faces away from the face 2a, and the two bores 3a and 3b are arranged in such a manner that they are connected to each other in the extension of the respective bore axes thereof. Of course, in the case shown, the two bores can be provided by the supporting structure being bored through from one face and the second bore therefore constituting the outlet point of the first bore. The bores 3a and 3b are filled with an adhesive 12 and with a portion of a fiber bundle 4. In particular, in this embodiment, a fiber bundle is arranged in the bore in such a manner that the central portion thereof is located in the bore and that the loose ends thereof each protrude beyond the surface of the supporting structure. A plurality of grooves 5 run in each case from the bores 3a and 3b in various directions on the surface, for example in the manner as illustrated in FIG. 2B. The projecting parts of the fiber bundle 4 are divided up according to fiber strands, and the fiber strands are located in the grooves and are fastened therein with adhesive.

(14) FIGS. 3A (cross section) and 3B (top view) show a possible embodiment of the arrangement according to the invention. In this case, a face 2a of the surface of a supporting structure 1 has a plurality of bores 3 which run into the inner region of the supporting structure 1, and, in each case per bore, a single groove 5 which extends along the surface (cf. also FIG. 1B). The bores 3 and the grooves 5 are offset with respect to one another, but are provided in the entirety thereof linearly on the surface. A lamella 6 as a surface reinforcement is attached over the grooves 5 with the portions of the fiber bundles 4, wherein said lamella is adhesively bonded at least in this region to the surface of the supporting structure. In particular, a lamella of this type is adhesively bonded to the surface of the supporting structure over the entire surface area.

(15) Arrangements as are shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B occur in particular in the region of the end portions, for example in the final 0.5 to 1 meter, of the lamellas and serve for improved transmission of force between supporting structure and lamella, that is to say for surface reinforcement.

(16) FIG. 3C shows a top view of an arrangement which substantially corresponds to that from FIG. 1C, wherein a woven fabric 7 is attached as a surface reinforcement over the grooves 5, which emerge from the bore 3 and are provided with fiber strands of the fiber bundle 4 and with adhesive. Such a woven fabric is also adhesively bonded to the surface of the supporting structure preferably over the entire surface area. The bonding over the area of the fiber bundle which is adhesively bonded into the grooves leads to an improved transmission of force between supporting structure and woven fabric, i.e. to surface reinforcement.

(17) An embodiment of the arrangement according to the invention as shown in FIGS. 1C and 3C is furthermore illustrated in FIG. 3D. In this case, the bore 3 which runs into the inner region of the supporting structure is located at a junction between two sheet-like elements of a supporting structure, for example at a junction between two walls or between wall and floor plate. Also in this case, a surface reinforcement in the form of a woven fabric 7 is attached via the anchor region.

(18) A further embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG. 3E. The supporting structure 1 shown here has a surface consisting of a plurality of faces 2a, 2b, 2c, and a first bore 3a which runs from the face 2a into the inner region of the supporting structure. The second bore 3b runs from the face 2b into the inner region of the supporting structure. The face 2b faces away from the face 2a, and the two bores 3a and 3b are arranged in such a manner that they are connected to each other in the extension of the respective bore axes thereof. Of course, in the case shown, the two bores can be provided by the supporting structure being bored through from one face and the second bore therefore constituting the outlet point of the first bore. The bores 3a and 3b are filled with an adhesive (not illustrated) and with a portion of a fiber bundle 4. In particular, in this embodiment, a fiber bundle is arranged in the bore in such a manner that the central portion thereof is located in the bore and that the loose ends thereof each protrude over the surface of the supporting structure. A plurality of grooves 5 run in each case from the bores 3a and 3b in various directions on the surface. The projecting parts of the fiber bundle 4 are divided up according to fiber strands, and the fiber strands are located in the grooves and are fastened therein with adhesive. A woven fabric 7 which runs over the end side of the supporting structure and is adhesively bonded to the supporting structure in a manner running in the region of the grooves from the inlet point of the bore 3a toward that of bore 3b, is attached over the arrangements described.

(19) An embodiment of the present invention, in which there are also two bores which are connected to each other in the extension of the bore axes thereof is illustrated in FIGS. 3F (cross section) and 3G (top view). A T-shaped supporting structure here with a surface comprising a plurality of faces 2a, 2b, etc., has, at the junction between the two sheet-like elements thereof, two bores 3a and 3b which connect the faces 2a and 2b to each other. The fiber bundle 4 is arranged in the bore in such a manner that the central portion thereof is located in the bore and that the loose ends thereof each protrude over the surface of the supporting structure. A plurality of grooves 5 run in each case from the bores in various directions on the surface. The projecting parts of the fiber bundle 4 are divided up according to fiber strands, and the fiber strands are located in the grooves and are fastened therein with adhesive.

(20) One possible application of the arrangement shown in FIGS. 3F and 3G is shown in FIGS. 3H and 31. The supporting structure 1 here is a concrete slab 10 which has a plurality of reinforcing ribs 11, i.e. T-shaped portions. The reinforcing ribs 11 have bores 3 in the region of the junctions thereof with the concrete slab 10, wherein said bores are positioned in such a manner that in each case two bores are connected to each other in the extension of the bore axes thereof. A plurality of grooves run from the inlet point of the respective drill hole 3 along the surface of the concrete slab. Analogously to the above-described embodiments, drill holes and grooves are filled with a fiber bundle or with fiber strands of the fiber bundle, and adhesive. A surface reinforcement in the form of a woven fabric 7 is attached over the surfaces of the concrete slab, which surfaces are located between the reinforcing ribs 11. Said woven fabric is adhesively bonded to the surface located therebelow, in particular over the entire surface area.

(21) FIGS. 4A (cross section) and 4B (top view) show a further embodiment of the invention, in which arrangements, as are shown, for example, in FIGS. 2A and 2B, are attached at regular distances to a supporting structure 1. The arrangements can be attached here on one face of the surface of the supporting structure or on a plurality of faces. Furthermore, a woven fabric 7 is adhesively bonded over the arrangements at least to the arrangements, but in particular over the full surface area to the surface of the supporting structure. The woven fabric can run here continuously over corners and edges in the surface of the supporting structure.

(22) FIG. 5A shows a section through an embodiment of a supporting structure 1 with a surface consisting of a plurality of faces 2a, 2b, 2c, etc., and a first bore 3a which runs from the face 2a into the inner region of the supporting structure. The second bore 3b runs from the face 2b into the inner region of the supporting structure. The face 2b faces away from the face 2a. A groove 5 runs from the one bore 3a along the surface of the supporting structure toward the inlet location of the other bore into the supporting structure. The groove which therefore connects the two inlet holes of the bores to each other runs in particular on the shortest route between the two bores. However, depending on requirements imposed on the reinforcement of the supporting structure, it is also conceivable for the groove to adopt a different profile between the bores, for example in order to ensure as uniform as possible a distribution of force. A fiber bundle 4 which leads with the loose ends thereof into the two bores 3a and 3b runs in the groove 5. Adhesive 12 for the fastening of the fiber bundle is located both in the bores and in the groove.

(23) A similar embodiment as in FIG. 5A is also illustrated in FIG. 5B, wherein the fiber bundle here helically reinforces a reinforcing rib 11 of a supporting framework 1.

(24) FIG. 6A shows a section through a further embodiment of the invention, which embodiment corresponds to a modification of the embodiment from FIG. 5A. In contrast thereto, the embodiment in FIG. 6A has two bores 3a, 3b in different mutually averted faces 2a, 2b of the surface of the supporting structure, wherein the two bores 3a and 3b are arranged in such a manner that they are connected to each other in the extension of the respective bore axes thereof. The inlet holes of the two bores 3a and 3b are connected to each other via a groove 5 as in FIG. 5A. Both the bores 3a, 3b and the groove 5 contain an adhesive 12 and a fiber bundle 4. The fiber bundle is arranged here in particular in such a manner that the two ends thereof overlap. Said overlap can be located in the bore or at any location in the groove. The length of the overlapping region of the fiber bundle is selected here in particular in such a manner that as gap-free a transmission of force as possible is ensured, and is approximately 5 to 50 cm. Depending on the requirements imposed on the supporting structure, it is also possible to repeatedly wind the fiber bundle around the supporting structure.

(25) In general and in particular also with regard to the embodiments of the invention, as are shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B and in FIGS. 6A to 6D, those embodiments are preferred in which the two bores 3a and 3b are arranged in such a manner that they are connected to each other in the extension of the respective bore axes thereof, and the fiber bundle is arranged in such a manner that the two ends thereof at least overlap. The fiber bundle thereby forms a closed loop, as a result of which the transmission of the shearing forces takes place between the two ends of the fiber bundle, i.e. in a critical manner in terms of contact within the same material. In comparison to embodiments in which the ends of the fiber bundle are inserted into separate bores and the transmission of the shearing force therefore takes place between the supporting structure and the fiber bundle, i.e. in a manner critical for the bond, the preferred embodiments permit greater efficiency of the reinforcement and a significantly better utilization of the fiber bundle.

(26) FIGS. 6B and 6C show modifications of the embodiment as described in FIG. 6A. Arrangements according to the invention as can be used, for example, for reinforcing a rectangular pillar as a constituent part of a supporting structure are shown here. FIG. 6C shows here that it is also possible for the fiber bundle 4 to be guided repeatedly through a bore, but to run in two different grooves from the inlet location of the first bore to that of the second bore. Secondly, the embodiment from FIG. 6C can also be provided by that part of the fiber bundle which projects beyond the bore being divided up into two fiber strands which then run in different grooves.

(27) FIG. 6D shows a modification of the embodiment as illustrated in FIG. 5B, wherein the fiber bundle 4 here helically reinforces the reinforcing rib 11 completely.

(28) FIG. 6E shows a side view of a supporting structure which comprises the variants of the arrangement according to the invention that are illustrated in FIGS. 6A, 6B and 6C. Depending on requirements, the various variants can be combined with one another, or a plurality of identical arrangements are attached throughout to a supporting structure.

(29) FIG. 6G shows a supporting structure 1 comprising a base plate 10 and a wall provided on the latter, wherein the wall is provided in the lower region thereof with a plurality of arrangements according to the invention which correspond to those from FIG. 6A. A woven fabric can optionally also be attached over said arrangements to additionally reinforce the supporting structure (not illustrated here).

(30) FIG. 6F shows a cylindrical pillar which comprises a plurality of arrangements according to the invention.

(31) FIG. 7A shows a detailed view of a detail of a supporting structure 1 with a surface consisting of a plurality of faces 2a, 2b, 2c, wherein a bore 3 runs from a face 2a into an inner region of the supporting structure. On the face 2a, from which the bore runs into an inner region of the supporting structure, the supporting structure 1 is provided with a groove 5 which extends from the bore in one direction on the surface.

(32) The groove 5 runs here over a respective edge 8 which connects the two faces 2a and 2c or 2c and 2b of the surface of the supporting framework to each other, and said one edge 8 has a rounded portion 9 in the interior of the groove 5.

(33) FIG. 7B shows a section through a region of a supporting structure 1 that has two bores 3a, 3c in different mutually averted faces 2a, 2c of the surface of the supporting structure, wherein the two bores 3a and 3c are arranged in such a manner that they are connected to each other in the extension of the respective bore axes thereof. The inlet holes of the two bores 3a and 3b are connected to each other via a groove 5. The edges 8 within the groove 5 each have a rounded portion 9. The respective transitions from the bore into the groove can also have a rounded portion here in accordance with the preceding description.

EXAMPLES

(34) Exemplary embodiments which will explain the described invention in more detail are cited below. Of course, the invention is not limited to these described exemplary embodiments.

(35) Test Pieces

(36) Concrete cubes with an edge length of 20 cm were produced as test pieces, wherein concrete from the same batch was used for all the cubes. The concrete cubes were stored for 28 days at 23 C. and 50% relative air humidity. The concrete cubes were ground on one side in order to free them from cement slurry. A bore with a diameter of 20 mm and a depth of 100 mm was provided in the center of the treated face. Two concrete cubes were left without a bore. Starting from the bore 8 grooves were provided in each case uniformly around the bore in the concrete cubes with an angle grinder. The grooves had a width of 5 mm and a depth of 5 mm and extended over a length of 8 cm. The angle between the grooves was in each case 45. In the case of four concrete cubes, only five grooves were in each case provided in a semicircular manner. The edges at the transition from the bore into the grooves were slightly rounded. No grooves were provided in the case of two cubes. The concrete cubes were subsequently repeatedly cleaned on the machined surface and in the interior of the bore with compressed air and a brush and thus substantially freed from dust.

(37) Sikadur-330, commercially available from Sika Schweiz AG, was applied to the machined surface of the concrete cubes without the bore with an average layer thickness of approx. 1 mm by means of a notched trowel. In the case of the concrete cubes with a bore, the bore was filled from below upward, and also the grooves were filled with Sikadur-330. Care had to be taken here to ensure that no air remained enclosed in the bore.

(38) A fiber bundle of a length of 20 cm and a fiber cross-sectional area of approximately 25 mm.sup.2 was completely impregnated with Sikadur 300 from Sika Schweiz AG with the aid of a paint brush. Subsequently, a cable connector was attached to a loose end of the impregnated fiber bundle and firmly tightened and cut to size. With the aid of a knitting needle which was hooked onto the cable binder, the fiber bundle was introduced into the bore as far as the stop. The protruding end of the fiber bundle was divided up into fiber strands, wherein the number of fiber strands had to correspond to that of the previously provided grooves, and the fiber strands were placed into the grooves. In the case of the concrete cubes without grooves, the protruding end of the fiber bundle was uniformly fanned out and spread over the machined surface of the concrete cube.

(39) On the machined surface of the concrete cube, Sikadur-330 was then distributed uniformly over the grooves with the fiber bundle, and therefore the entire machined surface was covered with sufficient adhesive.

(40) A prepared woven fabric composed of SikaWrap 300 C NW (width 20 cm, length 180 cm) was laminated in the region of the final 20 cm of the loose ends thereof with Sikadur-300 by means of a paint roller. A laminated loose end was placed onto the machined face of the concrete cube and pressed on there with a paint roller. Sikadur-330 was applied over the attached woven fabric by means of a notched trowel. The woven fabric was folded in a loop, and the other loose and laminated end was placed onto the same location of the concrete cube such that the two ends of the woven fabric came to lie one above the other. The woven fabric was pressed on in turn with the paint roller. Excess adhesive was removed from the test piece with a spatula of the width of the concrete cube.

(41) The test pieces produced in such a manner were left for 7 days at 23 C. and 50% relative air humidity so that the adhesive could cure. Test pieces with fiber bundles made from glass fibers with a fiber cross-sectional area of approximately 25 mm.sup.2 were also produced in the same manner.

(42) Two identical test bodies of each type were produced in each case. The results of the measurements represent the mean value of the measurements on the two identical test pieces.

(43) Measurement Method

(44) The combined tension and shear resistance of different test pieces was measured in accordance with ISO 527-4/EN 2561 at a measurement speed of 2 mm/min at 23 C. and a relative air humidity of 50%.

(45) The combined tension and shear resistance of the adhesive bond was tested by the loop formed by the SikaWrap-300C NW woven fabric being placed around a steel tube connected to the movable frame of the test machine. The concrete cube was connected to the fixed frame of the test machine via a steel tie-bar placed thereon and threaded rods.

(46) Results

(47) TABLE-US-00001 Grooves Material of Maximum Mean value Bore (number) fiber bundles load (kN) (kN) No None 36.1 37.1 40.3 34.9 Yes None Carbon fibers 47.6 44.6 39.0 47.2 Yes None Glass fibers 54.9 52.6 50.6 52.2 Yes 8 Carbon fibers 61.9 64.3 66.8 64.3 Yes 8 Glass fibers 70.9 63.8 56.8 63.7

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

(48) 1 Supporting structure 2 Faces (2a, 2b, 2c) 3 Bore (3a, 3b, 3c) 4 Fiber bundle or fiber strands 5 Groove 6 Lamella 7 Woven fabric 8 Edge 9 Rounded portion 10 Concrete slab 11 Reinforcing rib 12 Adhesive