YEAST EXTRACT FOR INHIBITING FLOCCULATION AND SETTLING IN FOODS AND BEVERAGES

Abstract

An antiflocculation/settling agent is manufactured with a method having a low cost and low environmental impact, the agent having a high level of safety and no taste, and having an inhibitory effect on flocculation/settling of a food or beverage. Also, to make effective use of yeast cell body residue produced as a byproduct of yeast extract. Yeast cell body residue remaining after removal of useful extract from yeast is suspended in water and heated, after which the suspension is subjected to centrifugal separation and supernatant is collected. This fraction contains at least 15 wt % RNA content per solid content, at least 10 wt % dietary fiber content, and at least 15 wt % protein content, and mannan makes up at least 50 wt % of the dietary fiber. This fraction can be used as an antiflocculation/settling agent in foods and beverages.

Claims

1. An antiflocculation/settling agent composed of yeast extract, the agent inhibiting flocculation and/or settling arising from freezing and thawing of an aqueous solution.

2. An antiflocculation/settling agent composed of yeast extract, the agent inhibiting flocculation and/or settling arising from freezing and thawing of a food or beverage.

3. An antiflocculation/settling agent composed of yeast extract, the agent inhibiting flocculation and/or settling of protein in an acidic dairy beverage or acidic soy milk beverage having a pH of 3.5 to 5.0.

4. The antiflocculation/settling agent according to claim 1, wherein an amount of RNA content per solid content of the yeast extract is at least 15 wt %, dietary fiber content is at least 10 wt %, and protein content is at least 15 wt %.

5. The antiflocculation/settling agent according to claim 4, wherein mannan content makes up at least 50 wt % of the dietary fiber.

6. The antiflocculation/settling agent according to claim 1, wherein the yeast extract is obtained using yeast cell body residue.

7. The antiflocculation/settling agent according to claim 1, wherein the yeast is Candida utilis.

8. A method of inhibiting flocculation/settling of a food or beverage by including 0.01 to 3 wt % of the antiflocculation/settling agent according to claim 1 in the food or beverage.

Description

MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

[0024] Hereafter, a concrete description of the present invention is given. The yeast referenced in the present invention is a non-genetically modified yeast that may be used in food manufacture. Specific examples may include Candida utilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and the like. Of these, Candida utilis is preferred.

[0025] The yeast cell body residue of the present invention is a residue remaining after yeast extract or useful constituents have been removed from yeast by an extraction process using one or more of hot water, acid/alkaline solution, autolysis, mechanical pulverization, a cell wall lytic enzyme, a proteolytic enzyme, ribonuclease, or deaminase. Examples include KR yeast manufactured by Kohjin Life Sciences Co., Ltd. Such residue is typically primarily composed of glucan, mannan, protein, lipids, and nucleic acid. Structurally, the glucan, mannan, protein, and other components form a conjugate and are expected to form strong bonds. Residue remaining after acid extraction from yeast, in particular, is highly active and is preferably used as the yeast cell body residue used to manufacture the yeast extract inhibiting flocculation/settling according to the present invention.

[0026] A process of obtaining yeast extract inhibiting flocculation/settling according to the present invention is, first, to wash the above-described yeast cell body residue with water. Specifically, water is added to the yeast cell body residue and a cell body suspension is prepared having a concentration of approximately 10 wt % of dried cell body weight. If necessary, the pH of the cell body suspension is adjusted to be close to neutral. Supernatant is removed by centrifugation, and the cleaned yeast cell body residue is obtained. This cleaning process is performed once, or two or more times. Next, water is added to the cleaned yeast cell body residue and the cell body suspension is prepared having a concentration of approximately 10 wt % of dried cell body weight, then a heat treatment is performed on the suspension at 80 C. to 100 C. for at least 10 minutes, and preferably for 15 to 30 minutes. Next, sediment is removed with a centrifugal separator and a fraction containing dietary fiber and protein is obtained as the supernatant. This fraction is used as-is or is dried for use as the yeast extract of the present invention. In addition, the yeast extract of the present invention is further passed through an ultrafilter (molecular weight cut-off 50,000) to remove components having a molecular weight of 50,000 or less. The resulting yeast extract has a high flocculation/settling inhibiting effect.

[0027] Yeast extract in which an amount of RNA content per solid content of the yeast extract is at least 15 wt %, and preferably at least 20 wt %; dietary fiber content is at least 10 wt %, and preferably at least 25 wt %; and protein content is at least 15 wt %, and preferably at least 20 wt %, has a high antiflocculation/settling effect. Moreover, the effect is even higher when mannan content makes up at least 50 wt %, and preferably at least 70 wt %, of the dietary fiber. Meanwhile, as constituents having a strong taste, inosinic acid, guanylic acid, and glutamic acid content is preferably low.

[0028] An HPLC method is used in the present invention to measure the RNA content. GS-320HQ is used as a separation column, and 0.1 M sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) is used as a mobile phase. Detection is performed at UV 260 nm. The RNA content is found from an area of a peak obtained by injecting the yeast extract. A hydrolysis method is used to measure the content amount of protein in the yeast extract. After hydrolyzing the yeast extract in 6 N hydrogen chloride at 110 C. for 24 hours, pretreatment is performed and measurement is conducted with a fully automatic amino acid analyzer (manufactured by Hitachi Ltd.). A hydrolysis method is used to measure the dietary fiber content. The yeast extract is hydrolyzed in 1 N sulfuric acid at 110 C. for 3.5 hours and is neutralized, after which mannose and glucose (hydrolysis products) are measured using liquid chromatography, and are converted to glucan/mannan. An RI detector is used for detection, an SP810 (Shodex) is used for the separation column, and ultrapure water is used for the mobile phase.

[0029] The yeast extract obtained using the manufacturing method described above, with yeast cell body residue as the raw material, can be used without alteration as an antiflocculation/settling agent for aqueous solutions or food and beverages. Alternatively, when necessary, the yeast extract may be blended with other soluble constituents to produce an antiflocculation/settling agent. Fields of use to which the present invention may be favorably applied are preserving quality of food and beverages that are stored frozen, and preserving quality of acidic dairy beverages. However, the field of use is not particularly limited to food and beverages, and the present invention can be used in a wide variety of applications.

[0030] An aqueous solution of the present invention is not particularly limited. Specific examples include an aqueous pigment solution, an aqueous food additive solution, an aqueous food ingredient solution, an aqueous drug solution, and the like. A food of the present invention is a fluid food, including examples such as soup, shakes, yogurt, and the like. A beverage of the present invention is not particularly limited. Specific examples include juices, soft drinks, teas, coffee, cocoa, dairy beverages, alcoholic beverages, and the like. An acidic dairy beverage of the present invention refers to a beverage containing milk protein and having a pH of 3.5 to 5.0. An acidic soy milk beverage of the present invention refers to a beverage containing soy protein and having a pH of 3.5 to 5.0.

[0031] The antiflocculation/settling agent according to the present invention is capable of inhibiting flocculation and/or settling of an aqueous solution, food, or beverage by adding the agent to the aqueous solution, food, or beverage. Intensity of the effect of the antiflocculation/settling agent according to the present invention differs according to the type, pH, and base material concentration of the aqueous solution, food, or beverage. Therefore, a preferred blending amount differs according to the type, pH, and concentration of the aqueous solution, food, or beverage. However, broadly speaking, the preferred blending amount is 0.01 to 3 wt % (as dried yeast extract), preferably 0.01 to 1 wt %, and more preferably 0.5 to 1 wt %.

EXAMPLES

[0032] The present invention is described in detail in exemplary embodiments below.

<Exemplary Manufacture>

[0033] Using a 10 N sulfuric acid, a 10% cell body suspension of Candida utilis Cs 7529 strain (FERM BP-1656 strain) was adjusted to a pH of 3.5, then was subjected to a heat treatment at 60 C. for 30 minutes, after which the suspension was separated into yeast extract and yeast cell body residue with a centrifugal separator. After this, water was added to the yeast cell body residue and an 8 wt % (dried weight) cell body suspension was prepared. After adjusting 18 kg of the 8% concentration yeast residue suspension to pH 7.0, solids and supernatant were separated by a separator (Alfa Laval centrifugal separator: LAPX202 BGT-24-50/60) and the solids were collected. The solid content was suspended in water to yield an 8% concentration solution. The solids and supernatant were once again separated by the separator, and the solids collected again. The solid content was suspended in water and a heat treatment was performed at 90 C. for 20 minutes, then cooling was performed with cool water. After this, the supernatant was collected by the separator; concentrated by a large Evapor and evaporator; and freeze-dried to obtain approximately 80 g powdered yeast extract, which was designated as a Sample 1 antiflocculation/settling agent. Sample 1 was treated with an ultrafilter (molecular weight cut-off 50,000), and a sample having components with a molecular weight of 50,000 or less removed was designated as a Sample 2 antiflocculation/settling agent. In Sample 1, RNA content was 17.6 wt %, dietary fiber content was 15.0 wt %, and protein content was 23.9 wt %. Mannan content made up 67.4 wt % of the dietary fiber. In Sample 2, RNA content was 16.7 wt %, dietary fiber content was 16.1 wt %, and protein content was 19.5 wt %. Mannan content made up 61.5 wt % of the dietary fiber.

Embodiment 1

Blueberry Juice Freezing and Thawing Trial

[0034] Frozen blueberries were used. 80 g of frozen blueberries were mixed with 300 g of water, and were pulverized in a mixer. The liquefied blueberries were subjected to centrifugal separation at 5000 rpm for 10 minutes to remove insolubles. Supernatant was used as blueberry juice in the trial. The antiflocculation/settling agent of Sample 1, manufactured in the exemplary manufacture, was dissolved in the blueberry juice at 0.5% for the total amount of juice. The solution was frozen at 20 C. for two days, after which the solution was thawed and settling (flocculation) was checked with a centrifugation operation.

Embodiment 2

[0035] Embodiment 2 was conducted similarly to Embodiment 1 except that 0.2% of Sample 1 was added.

Comparative Example 1

[0036] Comparative Example 1 was conducted similarly to Embodiment 1 except that water was added instead of Sample 1.

[0037] As a result of evaluation, a large amount of settling after freezing and thawing was observed in Comparative Example 1, whereas settling after freezing and thawing was inhibited in Embodiments 1 and 2, in that order.

Embodiment 3

Carrot Juice Freezing and Thawing Trial

[0038] 120 g of carrots were mixed with 300 g of water, and were pulverized in a mixer. The liquefied carrots were subjected to centrifugal separation at 5000 rpm for 10 minutes to remove insolubles. Supernatant was used as carrot juice in the trial. Sample 1 was dissolved in the carrot juice at 0.5% for the total amount of juice. The solution was frozen at 20 C. for two days, after which the solution was thawed and settling (flocculation) was checked using centrifugation.

Embodiment 4

[0039] Embodiment 4 was conducted similarly to Embodiment 3 except that 0.2% of Sample 1 was added.

Embodiment 5

[0040] Embodiment 5 was conducted similarly to Embodiment 3 except that 0.05% of Sample 1 was added.

Comparative Example 2

[0041] Comparative Example 2 was conducted similarly to Embodiment 3 except that water was added instead of Sample 1.

[0042] As a result of evaluation, a large amount of settling after freezing and thawing was observed in Comparative Example 2, whereas settling after freezing and thawing was inhibited in Embodiments 3, 4, and 5, in that order.

Embodiment 6

Pigment Solution Freezing and Thawing Trial

[0043] Sun Orange No. 2 (manufactured by San-Ei Gen F.F.I., Inc.) was used as pigment. A 0.1% aqueous solution of Sun Orange No. 2 was used in the trial as the pigment solution. Sample 1 was measured so as to make up 0.5% of the pigment solution, and was dissolved in the pigment solution. The solution was frozen overnight at 20. After freezing, the solution was thawed at room temperature. After thawing, various samples were filtered through filter paper and flocculated pigment was collected.

Embodiment 7

[0044] Embodiment 7 was conducted similarly to Embodiment 6 except that Sample 2 was added instead of Sample 1.

Comparative Example 3

[0045] Comparative Example 3 was conducted similarly to Embodiment 6 except that water was added instead of Sample 1.

Comparative Example 4

[0046] Comparative Example 4 was conducted similarly to Embodiment 6 except that saponin was added instead of Sample 1.

Comparative Example 5

[0047] Comparative Example 5 was conducted similarly to Embodiment 6 except that carrageenan was added instead of Sample 1.

Comparative Example 6

[0048] Comparative Example 6 was conducted similarly to Embodiment 6 except that lecithin (Sun Lecithin manufactured by Taiyo Kagaku) was added instead of Sample 1.

[0049] As a result of evaluation, settling after freezing and thawing was inhibited in Embodiment 6 (to which Sample 1 was added) and Embodiment 7 (to which Sample 2 was added) as compared to Comparative Examples 3, 4, 5, and 6. Also, settling was more inhibited in Embodiment 7 than in Embodiment 6.

Embodiment 8

Whole Milk Powder Solution Freezing and Thawing Trial

[0050] A 5% aqueous solution of whole milk powder was prepared and used in the trial. Sample 1 was added so as to make up 0.5% of the aqueous solution and, after dissolving sufficiently, the solution was frozen for two days at 20 C. After the frozen solution was thawed at room temperature, the solution was sampled in a 1.5 ml tube and subjected to centrifugal separation at 10,000 RPM and settling (flocculate) was checked.

Comparative Example 7

[0051] Comparative Example 7 was conducted similarly to Embodiment 8 except that gum arabic was added instead of Sample 1.

Comparative Example 8

[0052] Comparative Example 8 was conducted similarly to Embodiment 8 except that lecithin (Sun Lecithin manufactured by Taiyo Kagaku) was added instead of Sample 1.

Comparative Example 9

[0053] Comparative Example 9 was conducted similarly to Embodiment 8 except that water was added instead of Sample 1.

[0054] As a result of evaluation, settling after freezing and thawing was inhibited in Embodiment 8 (to which Sample 1 was added) as compared to Comparative Examples 7, 8, and 9.

Embodiment 9

Antiflocculation/Settling of Acidic Dairy Beverage Trial (Using Skim Milk)

[0055] Sucrose was measured out at 5 g, skim milk at 0.5 g, and the antiflocculation/settling agent of Sample 1 at 0.25 g, and were well dissolved in water, diluting to a total of 50 g. Citric acid was added to this solution to produce an acidic dairy beverage adjusted to a pH of 4.2. Ten milliliters of the prepared acidic dairy beverage was then placed in a screw vial and a lid was tightly affixed to the vial, after which the beverage was heated for 10 minutes at 100 C. (boiling water). After heating, the beverage was cooled. A state of settling/separation before and after heating was checked.

Embodiment 10

[0056] Embodiment 10 was conducted similarly to Embodiment 9 except that Sample 2 was added instead of Sample 1.

Comparative Example 10

[0057] Comparative Example 10 was conducted similarly to Embodiment 9 except that water was added instead of Sample 1.

Comparative Example 11

[0058] Comparative Example 11 was conducted similarly to Embodiment 9 except that gum arabic was added instead of Sample 1.

Comparative Example 12

[0059] Comparative Example 12 was conducted similarly to Embodiment 9 except that saponin was added instead of Sample 1.

Comparative Example 13

[0060] Comparative Example 13 was conducted similarly to Embodiment 9 except that lecithin (Sun Lecithin manufactured by Taiyo Kagaku) was added instead of Sample 1.

[0061] As a result of evaluation, settling/flocculation of milk constituents in the acidic dairy beverage was inhibited in Embodiments 9 and 10 both before and after heating. In Embodiments 9 and 10, almost no settling occurred even after two weeks. Embodiments 9 and 10 did not thicken, and even when heat treated, settling/flocculation was inhibited. In Comparative Examples 10, 11, 12, and 13, settling/flocculation occurred immediately after acidification.

Embodiment 11

Antiflocculation/Settling of Acidic Dairy Beverage Trial (Using Cow's Milk)

[0062] Sucrose was measured out at 5 g, whole cow's milk at 2.5 g, and the antiflocculation/settling agent of Sample 1 at 0.25 g, and were well dissolved in water, diluting to a total of 50 g. Citric acid was added to this solution to produce an acidic dairy beverage adjusted to a pH of 4.2. Ten milliliters of the prepared acidic dairy beverage was then placed in a screw vial and a lid was tightly affixed to the vial, after which the beverage was heated for 10 minutes at 100 C. (boiling water). After heating, the beverage was cooled. A state of settling/separation before and after heating was checked.

Embodiment 12

[0063] Embodiment 12 was conducted similarly to Embodiment 11 except that Sample 2 was added instead of Sample 1.

Comparative Example 13

[0064] Comparative Example 13 was conducted similarly to Embodiment 11 except that water was added instead of Sample 1.

[0065] As a result of evaluation, settling/flocculation of milk constituents in the acidic dairy beverage was inhibited in Embodiments 11 and 12. Embodiments 11 and 12 did not thicken, and even when heat treated, settling/flocculation was inhibited. In Comparative Example 13, settling/flocculation occurred immediately after acidification.

Embodiment 13

Antiflocculation/Settling of Acidic Soy Milk Beverage Trial

[0066] Sucrose was measured out at 5 g, processed soy milk (manufactured by MARUSAN-AI Co., Ltd.) at 3.5 g, and the antiflocculation/settling agent of Sample 1 at 0.25 g, and were well dissolved in water, diluting to a total of 50 g. Citric acid was added to this solution to produce an acidic soy milk beverage adjusted to a pH of 4.2. Ten milliliters of the prepared acidic soy milk beverage was then placed in a screw vial and a lid was tightly affixed to the vial, after which the beverage was heated for 10 minutes at 100 C. (boiling water). After heating, the beverage was cooled. A state of settling/separation before and after heating was checked.

Embodiment 14

[0067] Embodiment 14 was conducted similarly to Embodiment 13 except that Sample 2 was added instead of Sample 1.

Comparative Example 14

[0068] Comparative Example 14 was conducted similarly to Embodiment 13 except that water was added instead of Sample 1.

[0069] As a result of evaluation, settling/flocculation of soy milk constituents in the acidic soy milk beverage was inhibited in Embodiments 13 and 14. Embodiments 13 and 14 did not thicken, and even when heat treated, settling/flocculation was inhibited. In Comparative Example 14, settling/flocculation occurred immediately after acidification.

Embodiment 15

Antiflocculation/Settling of Acidic Dairy Beverage at Various pHs Trial

[0070] Sucrose was measured out at 5 g, skim milk at 0.5 g, and the antiflocculation/settling agent of Sample 1 at 0.25 g, and were well dissolved in water, diluting to a total of 50 g. Citric acid was added to this solution to produce acidic dairy beverages adjusted to pHs of 5.0, 4.8, 4.4.6, 4.4, 4.2, and 4.0. Ten milliliters of the prepared acidic dairy beverages was then placed in a screw vial and a lid was tightly affixed to the vial, after which the beverages were heated for 10 minutes at 100 C. (boiling water). After heating, the beverages were cooled. A state of settling/separation before and after heating was checked.

Embodiment 16

[0071] Embodiment 16 was conducted similarly to Embodiment 15 except that Sample 2 was added instead of Sample 1.

Comparative Example 15

[0072] Comparative Example 15 was conducted similarly to Embodiment 15 except that water was added instead of Sample 1.

[0073] As a result of evaluation, settling/flocculation of milk constituents in the acidic dairy beverages at a pH of between 4.2 and 5.0 was inhibited in Embodiment 15. Settling/flocculation of milk constituents in the acidic dairy beverages at a pH of between 4.0 and 5.0 was inhibited in Embodiment 16. Embodiments 15 and 16 did not thicken, and even when heat treated, settling/flocculation was inhibited. Settling/flocculation occurred at all pHs in Comparative Example 15.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

[0074] As described above, a yeast extract manufactured in the present invention inhibits flocculation/settling occurring in food and beverages, and by adding the yeast extract of the present invention ahead of time to a frozen product or to a food/beverage that is stored in an environment having a temperature at or below zero and is expected to be frozen, settling/flocculation due to freezing and thawing can be inhibited and a reduction in quality can be prevented. In addition, by adding the yeast extract of the present invention ahead of time when preparing an acidic (soy) milk beverage, settling/flocculation of (soy) milk constituents in the beverage can be inhibited. The yeast extract of the present invention inhibiting flocculation/settling occurring in foods and beverages can also be used in processed foods such as frozen foods, in beverages, in fresh foods, and in frozen storage of items other than food.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0075] FIG. 1 is a photograph showing results of freezing and thawing trials of blueberry juice (from right, Embodiment 1, Embodiment 2, Comparative Example 1).

[0076] FIG. 2 is a photograph showing results of freezing and thawing trials of carrot juice (from right, Embodiment 3, Embodiment 4, Embodiment 5, Comparative Example 2).

[0077] FIG. 3 is a photograph showing results of freezing and thawing trials of pigment solution (top, from left, Embodiment 6, Embodiment 7, Comparative Example 3; bottom, from left, Comparative Example 4, Comparative Example 5, Comparative Example 6).

[0078] FIG. 4 is a photograph showing results of freezing and thawing trials of whole milk (from left, Comparative Example 9, Embodiment 8, Comparative Example 7, Comparative Example 8).

[0079] FIG. 5 is a photograph showing results of antiflocculation/settling trials of acidic dairy beverages (from left, Comparative Example 10, Embodiment 9, Embodiment 10, Comparative Example 11, Comparative Example 12, Comparative Example 13).

DESCRIPTION OF REFERENCE NUMERALS

[0080] 1 Comparative Example 1 [0081] 2 Embodiment 2 [0082] 3 Embodiment 1 [0083] 4 Comparative Example 2 [0084] 5 Embodiment 5 [0085] 6 Embodiment 4 [0086] 7 Embodiment 3 [0087] 8 Embodiment 6 [0088] 9 Embodiment 7 [0089] 10 Comparative Example 3 [0090] 11 Comparative Example 4 [0091] 12 Comparative Example 5 [0092] 13 Comparative Example 6 [0093] 14 Comparative Example 9 [0094] 15 Embodiment 8 [0095] 16 Comparative Example 7 [0096] 17 Comparative Example 8 [0097] 18 Comparative Example 10 [0098] 19 Embodiment 9 [0099] 20 Embodiment 10 [0100] 21 Comparative Example 11 [0101] 22 Comparative Example 12 [0102] 23 Comparative Example 13