CONTAINER PREFORM WITH THREADED TAMPER EVIDENCE FINISH

Abstract

A preform for being blow-molded to form a container is provided herein. The preform comprises a finish portion that includes an opening to an interior of the preform and includes a tamper evidence ledge. The tamper evidence ledge cooperates with a tamper-evident ring portion of a cap to indicate that the cap has not been previously loosened after being installed by the manufacturer. A neck portion is disposed adjacent to the tamper evidence ledge. A tapered portion transitions from a diameter of the neck portion to a smaller diameter of a cylindrical portion. The cylindrical portion comprises an elongate member that culminates in an end cap. Threads disposed on the finish portion are configured to threadably receive the cap. A handling valley is disposed between the tamper evidence ledge and the threads. The handling valley enables gripping fingers to engage with and air-convey the container along a manufacturing assembly.

Claims

1-21. (canceled)

22. A preform suitable for being blow-molded to form a container, the preform comprising: a finish portion including an opening to an interior of the preform and including a tamper evidence ledge; a neck portion adjacent to the tamper evidence ledge; a tapered portion configured to transition from a diameter of the neck portion to a diameter of a cylindrical portion comprising an elongate member that culminates in an end cap; one or more threads disposed on the finish portion and configured to threadably receive a cap, wherein the one or more threads share an adjacent intervening valley configured to allow passage of a thread disposed in the cap; and a handling valley disposed between the tamper evidence ledge and the one or more threads, the handing valley extending circumferentially around the finish portion and having a diameter less than a diameter of the intervening valley and substantially similar to a diameter of the neck portion on the opposite side of the tamper evidence ledge from the opening.

23. The preform of claim 22, wherein the handling valley and the neck portion enable gripping fingers to engage with and support the container during conveying of the container along a manufacturing assembly.

24. The preform of claim 22, wherein the tamper evidence ledge comprises a rounded upper portion and a substantially flat lower portion.

25. The preform of claim 24, wherein the rounded upper portion facilitates passing a tamper evident ring portion of the cap over the tamper evidence ledge during assembly of the cap onto the container, and wherein the flat lower portion is configured to retain the tamper evident ring positioned below the tamper evidence ledge during loosening of the cap, causing the tamper-evident ring to break loose from the cap.

26. The preform of claim 24, wherein the substantially flat lower portion and the tamper-evident ring cooperate to indicate that the cap has not been previously loosened after being installed by the manufacturer.

27. The preform of claim 22, wherein the tapered portion comprises a wall thickness that smoothly transitions from a wall thickness of the neck portion to a greater wall thickness of the cylindrical portion, the wall thickness of the tapered portion and the wall thickness of the cylindrical portion being suitable for being blow-molded into a predetermined shape and size of the container.

28. The preform of claim 22, wherein the one or more threads are spaced uniformly around the finish portion.

29. The preform of claim 22, wherein the one or more threads share an adjacent intervening valley configured to allow passage of a thread disposed in the cap.

30. The preform of claim 22, wherein the finish portion comprises a bevel disposed at a beginning of the opening and configured to enter into sliding contact with a sealing flange of the cap.

31. The preform of claim 30, wherein the bevel is configured to compress the sealing flange to a predetermined degree so as to form a tight seal suitable to retain pressurized contents within the container.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] The drawings refer to embodiments of the present disclosure in which:

[0028] FIG. 1 illustrates a side plan view of an exemplary embodiment of a preform suitable for being blow-molded to form a container in accordance with the present disclosure;

[0029] FIG. 2 illustrates a cross-sectional slice view of the preform illustrated in FIG. 1, taken along a line 2-2, according to the present disclosure;

[0030] FIG. 3 illustrates a close-up cross-sectional view of a finish comprising the preform illustrated in FIG. 1, according to the present disclosure;

[0031] FIG. 4 illustrates a side plan view of an exemplary embodiment of a preform suitable for being blow-molded to form a container in accordance with the present disclosure;

[0032] FIG. 5 illustrates a cross-sectional slice view of the preform illustrated in FIG. 4, taken along a line 5-5, according to the present disclosure; and

[0033] FIG. 6 illustrates a close-up cross-sectional view of a finish comprising the preform illustrated in FIG. 4, according to the present disclosure.

[0034] While the present disclosure is subject to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiments thereof have been shown by way of example in the drawings and will herein be described in detail. The invention should be understood to not be limited to the particular forms disclosed, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present disclosure. It will be apparent, however, to one of ordinary skill in the art that the invention disclosed herein may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, specific numeric references such as “first preform,” may be made. However, the specific numeric reference should not be interpreted as a literal sequential order but rather interpreted that the “first preform” is different than a “second preform.” Thus, the specific details set forth are merely exemplary. The specific details may be varied from and still be contemplated to be within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. The term “coupled” is defined as meaning connected either directly to the component or indirectly to the component through another component. Further, as used herein, the terms “about,” “approximately,” or “substantially” for any numerical values or ranges indicate a suitable dimensional tolerance that allows the part or collection of components to function for its intended purpose as described herein.

[0036] Disclosed herein are articles, including preforms and containers, which utilize less plastic in their construction while maintaining the ease of processing and excellent structural properties associated with current commercial designs.

[0037] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a preform 100 suitable for being blow-molded to form a container, or a plastic bottle, according to the present disclosure. The preform 100 preferably is made of material approved for contact with food and beverages such as virgin PET and can be of any of a wide variety of shapes and sizes. The preform 100 shown in FIG. 1 is of the type which will form a 12-16 oz. beverage bottle, but as will be understood by those skilled in the art, other preform configurations may be used depending upon the desired configuration, characteristics and use of the final article. The preform 100 may be made by injection molding methods, without limitation.

[0038] FIG. 2 illustrates a cross-sectional slice view of the preform 100 illustrated in FIG. 1, taken along a line 2-2. The preform 100 includes a finish portion 104 and a body portion 108, formed monolithically (i.e., as a single, or unitary, structure). Advantageously, the monolithic arrangement of the preform 100, when blow-molded into a bottle, provides greater dimensional stability and improved physical properties in comparison to a preform constructed of separate neck and body portions that are bonded together.

[0039] The finish portion 104 begins at an opening 112 to an interior of the preform 100 and extends to and includes a tamper evidence ledge 116. The finish portion 104 is further characterized by the presence of one or more threads 120 configured to provide a means to fasten a closure, such as a cap, to the bottle produced from the preform 100. As such, the plurality of threads 120 are configured to rotatably engage with similar threads disposed within the cap to provide a way to seal contents within the bottle. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, each of the plurality of threads 120 generally extends along a section of the circumference of the finish portion 104 and approaches the tamper evidence ledge 116. Thus, when the threads of a cap are engaged with the threads 120, and the cap is rotated in a clockwise direction, the cap advances toward the tamper evidence ledge 116.

[0040] As best shown in FIG. 1, each of the one or more threads 120 begins at a thread start 124 and extends along an angular section of the finish portion 104. The thread start 124 is configured to guide the thread 120 into a space, or valley 128, between adjacent threads of the cap so as to threadably engage the cap with the finish portion 104. Further, the threads 120 generally are disposed adjacently to one another and are spaced uniformly around the circumference of the finish portion 104. In some embodiments, wherein three threads 120 are disposed around the finish portion 104, the thread starts 124 of adjacent threads 120 are spaced at substantially 120-degree intervals around the perimeter of the finish portion 104. As will be appreciated, however, more or less than three threads 120 may be incorporated into the finish portion 104 without deviating beyond the scope of the present disclosure.

[0041] The body portion 108 includes a neck portion 132 that extends to a tapered portion 136 of the body portion 108. The tapered portion 136 comprises a smooth transition from a diameter of the neck portion 132 to a relatively smaller diameter of a cylindrical portion 140 of the preform 100. The cylindrical portion 140 is a generally elongate member that culminates in an end cap 144. In some embodiments the body portion 108 may be generally cylindrical, and the end cap 144 may be conical or frustoconical and may also be hemispherical, and the very terminus of the end cap 144 may be flattened or rounded.

[0042] As best shown in FIG. 2, a wall thickness of the cylindrical portion 140 is substantially uniform throughout the cylindrical portion 140 and the end cap 144. A wall thickness of the tapered portion 136, however, generally decreases from the wall thickness of the cylindrical portion 140 to a relatively thinner wall thickness of the neck portion 132. As will be appreciated, the wall thickness of the cylindrical portion 140 is relatively greater than the wall thickness of the neck portion 132 so as to provide a wall thickness at the desired dimensions of a finished product after the preform 100 is blow-molded into the shape and size of a bottle. As such, the wall thickness throughout most of the body portion 108 will depend upon the overall size of the preform 100 and the wall thickness and overall size of the resulting container.

[0043] FIG. 3 illustrates a close-up cross-sectional view of the finish portion 104 comprising the preform 100 illustrated in FIG. 1, according to the present disclosure. The finish portion 104 shown in FIG. 3 can be understood to wrap around the entirety of the preform circumference. In many embodiments, the cross section of the finish portion 104 will vary in regards to the placement of the plurality of threads 120, but will remain constant for the remainder of elements. As described hereinabove, the finish portion 104 includes one or more threads 120 extending along sections of the circumference of the finish portion 104 and approaching the tamper evidence ledge 116. The threads 120 generally extend outward from the finish portion 104 such that a valley 128 is disposed between adjacent threads. The cross-sectional profile of the threads 120 is configured such that the threads advantageously engage with similar threads disposed within the cap for sealing contents within the container formed by blow-molding the preform 100. As will be recognized by those skilled in the art, the valley 128 is configured to allow passage of a thread disposed in the cap to pass between adjacent threads 120 during tightening of the cap onto the finish portion 104.

[0044] With continuing reference to FIG. 3, the finish portion 104 includes a bevel 148 disposed at the beginning of the opening 112. The bevel 148 is typically configured to enter into sliding contact with a sealing flange of a suitable cap so as to prevent contents from leaking out of the container formed from the preform 100. In some embodiments, the bevel 148 may compress the sealing flange to a predetermined degree, thereby forming a tight seal suitable to retain pressurized contents within the container.

[0045] As further shown in FIG. 3, the tamper evidence ledge 116 comprises a rounded upper portion 152 and a substantially flat lower portion 156. As will be appreciated, the rounded upper portion 152 facilitates passing a tamper-evident ring portion of the cap over the tamper evidence ledge 116 during assembly of the cap onto the container. The flat lower portion 156 is configured to retain the tamper-evident ring positioned below the tamper evidence ledge 116 during loosening of the cap. For example, when the cap is initially installed onto the container by a manufacturer, the tamper-evident ring can easily pass over the tamper evidence ledge 116 due to the rounded upper portion 152. When an end-user later loosens the cap, the flat lower portion 156 generally retains the tamper-evident ring below the tamper evidence ledge 116, often causing the tamper-evident ring to break loose from the cap. Thus, the flat lower portion 156 of the tamper evidence ledge 116 and the tamper-evident ring of the cap can cooperate to indicate to the end-user that the cap has not been previously loosened after being installed by the manufacturer. It should be understood, however, that the tamper evidence ledge 116 is not limited to being coupled with tamper-evident rings, as described above, but rather the tamper evidence ledge 116 may be configured to operate with any variety of devices for potentially indicating whether or not the container has been previously opened.

[0046] Disposed between the tamper evidence ledge 116 and the threads 120 is a handling valley 160 that extends circumferentially around the finish portion 104. Further, the handling valley 160 comprises a portion of the finish 104 that has a wall thickness and a diameter that are substantially similar to the wall thickness and diameter of the neck portion 132, below the tamper evidence ledge 116. As such, the handling valley 160 and the neck portion 132 advantageously enable gripping fingers or other suitable engagement methods to engage with and support the container during air-conveying the container along a manufacturing assembly. For example, a first pair of gripping fingers can extend into the handling valley 160 to support the container at a first station of a manufacturing line. Then, upon being conveyed to a second station, a second pair of gripping fingers can extend around the neck portion 132, below the tamper evidence ledge 116, while the first pair of gripping fingers are removed from the handling valley 160. Similarly, upon arriving at a third station, a third pair of gripping fingers can engage with the handling valley 160 while the second pair of gripping fingers are removed from the neck portion 132. Thus, the container can be transported along the manufacturing line by alternatingly engaging gripping fingers with the handling valley 160 and the neck portion 132. The method of passing off preforms via an alternating method described above is advantageous as a preform may be exposed to numerous processes within numerous machines during the process of forming a final bottle shape. This allows the manufacturer to have more flexibility when designing and implementing various manufacturing methods and setups.

[0047] As will be appreciated, the handling valley 160 provides a separation between the tamper evidence ledge 116 and the threads 120 suitable for receiving the pair of gripping fingers, as described above. In general, the separation must be large enough to allow the gripping fingers to easily pass between the tamper evidence ledge 116 and the threads 120. As such, any of various separations, greater than the width of the gripping fingers, may be disposed between the tamper evidence ledge 116 and the threads 120, without limitation and without deviating beyond the scope of the present disclosure. By way of example and not limitation, the gripping fingers may be designed to have a height similar to the height of the tamper evidence ledge 116 (measured between the points where the rounded upper portion 152 and the flat lower portion 156 meet the finish body). As can be understood, the manufacturing of gripping fingers with smaller overall heights can allow for a reduction in the size of the handling valley 160 and thus the overall amount of plastic required in the preform 100.

[0048] FIGS. 4-6 illustrate an exemplary embodiment of a preform 180 suitable for being blow-molded to form a container, or a plastic bottle, in accordance with the present disclosure. Similar to the preforms 100 described in FIGS. 1-3, the preform 180 comprises a finish portion 184 and a body portion 188 that are typically monolithically formed. In this embodiment, the finish portion 184 can begin at an opening 192 to an interior of the preform 180 and extends to a neck portion 196 of the body portion 188. The neck portion 196 extends to a tapered portion 200 comprising a smooth transition from a diameter of the neck portion 196 to a relatively smaller diameter of a cylindrical portion 204 of the preform 180. In many embodiments, the cylindrical portion 204 is a generally elongate member that extends to an end cap 208.

[0049] As best shown in FIG. 5, a wall thickness of the cylindrical portion 204 is substantially uniform throughout the cylindrical portion and the end cap 208. A wall thickness of the tapered portion 196, however, generally decreases from the wall thickness of the cylindrical portion 204 to a relatively thinner wall thickness of the neck portion 196. As discussed herein, the wall thickness of the cylindrical portion 204 is relatively greater than the wall thickness of the neck portion 196 so as to provide a wall thickness at the desired dimensions of a finished product after being blow-molded into the shape and size of a bottle or container.

[0050] The finish portion 184 begins at the opening 192 to the interior of the preform 180 and extends to and includes a tamper evidence ledge 212. The finish portion 184 includes one or more threads 216 configured to rotatably engage with similar threads disposed within a closure or cap to provide a way to seal contents within the bottle. As shown in FIG. 4, the threads 216 extend along sections of the circumference of the finish portion 184 and approach the tamper evidence ledge 212, such that when the threads of the cap are engaged with the threads 216, and the cap is rotated clockwise, the cap advances toward the tamper evidence ledge 212.

[0051] Similar to the threads 120, discussed with respect to FIG. 1, each of the threads 216 begins at a thread start 220 and extends along an angular section of the finish portion 184. The thread start 220 is configured to guide the thread 216 into a space between adjacent threads of the cap so as to threadably engage the cap with the finish portion 184. Further, the threads 216 generally are disposed adjacently to one another and are spaced uniformly around the circumference of the finish portion 184. It should be understood that any number of threads 216 may be incorporated into the finish portion 184 without deviating beyond the scope of the present disclosure.

[0052] As mentioned hereinabove, the body portion 188 includes the neck portion 196 extending to the tapered portion 200 of the body portion 188. The tapered portion 200 smoothly transitions from a diameter of the neck portion 196 to a relatively smaller diameter of the cylindrical portion 204 of the preform 180. The cylindrical portion 204 is a generally elongate member that culminates in the end cap 208. In some embodiments the body portion 188 may be generally cylindrical, and the end cap 208 may be conical or frustoconical and may also be hemispherical, and the very terminus of the end cap 208 may be flattened or rounded.

[0053] With reference to FIG. 5, a wall thickness of the cylindrical portion 204 can be substantially uniform throughout the cylindrical portion 204 and the end cap 208 in many embodiments. A wall thickness of the tapered portion 200 typically decreases from the wall thickness of the cylindrical portion 204 to a relatively thinner wall thickness of the neck portion 196. As such, the wall thickness of the cylindrical portion 204 is relatively greater than the wall thickness of the neck portion 196 so as to provide a wall thickness at the desired dimensions of a finished product after the preform 180 is blow-molded into the shape and size of a bottle. To this end, the wall thickness throughout most of the body portion 188 depends upon the overall size of the preform 180, as well as the desired wall thickness and overall size of the resulting container.

[0054] Turning, now, to FIG. 6, a close-up cross-sectional view of the finish portion 184 comprising the preform 180 is shown. The finish portion 184 can often be substantially similar to the finish portion 104, described with respect to FIG. 3. The finish portion 184 includes one or more threads 216 extending along sections of the circumference of the finish portion 184 and approaching the tamper evidence ledge 212. The threads 216 generally extend outward from the finish portion 184 such that a valley 224 can be disposed between adjacent threads when the cross section contains multiple threads. As will be appreciated, the valley 224 allows passage of a thread disposed in the cap to pass between adjacent threads 216 during tightening of the cap onto the finish portion 184.

[0055] With continuing reference to FIG. 6, the finish portion 184 can often include a bevel 228 disposed at the beginning of the opening 192. The bevel 228 is configured to enter into sliding contact with a sealing flange of a suitable cap so as to prevent contents from leaking out of the container formed from the preform 180. As mentioned herein, the bevel 228 may, in some embodiments, compress the sealing flange to a predetermined degree, thereby forming a tight seal suitable to retain pressurized contents within the container.

[0056] The tamper evidence ledge 212 shown in FIG. 6 can be substantially similar to the tamper evidence ledge 116 discussed in connection with FIG. 3. The tamper evidence ledge 212 comprises a rounded upper portion 232 and a substantially flat lower portion 236. The rounded upper portion 232 allows a tamper-evident ring portion of a cap to easily pass over the tamper evidence ledge 212 during assembly of the cap onto the container. The flat lower portion 236 retains the tamper-evident ring positioned below the tamper evidence ledge 212 during loosening of the cap, causing the tamper-evident ring to break loose from the cap. In this way, the flat lower portion 236 of the tamper evidence ledge 212 and the tamper-evident ring of the cap may cooperate in such a way as to indicate to the end-user that the cap has not been previously loosened after being installed by the manufacturer. As discussed hereinabove, however, the tamper evidence ledge 212 is not limited to being coupled with tamper-evident rings, but rather the tamper evidence ledge 212 may be configured to operate with any of various devices for indicating whether or not the container has been previously opened.

[0057] With continuing reference to FIG. 6, a handling valley 240 is disposed between the tamper evidence ledge 212 and the threads 216. The handling valley 240 extends circumferentially around the finish portion 184 and is configured to receive a pair of gripping fingers to engage with and support the container during air-conveying the container along a manufacturing assembly. Accordingly, the handing valley 240 provides a separation between the tamper evidence ledge 212 and the threads 216 that is suitable for receiving the pair of gripping fingers, as described herein. It is contemplated that the finish portion 184 may be implemented with any of various separations between the tamper evidence ledge 212 and the threads 216, without limitation, so long as the separation is greater than the width of the gripping fingers.

[0058] Moreover, the handling valley 240 can comprise a portion of the finish 184 that has a wall thickness and a diameter that are substantially similar to the wall thickness and diameter of the neck portion 196. As such, the handling valley 240 and the neck portion 196 enable the gripping fingers to advantageously engage with and support the container during air-conveying the container along the manufacturing assembly. Similar to the handling valley 160, described in connection to FIG. 3, the handling valley 240 enables the container to be transported along the manufacturing line by alternatingly engaging the gripping fingers with the handling valley 240 and the neck portion 196.

[0059] The articles and various embodiments described herein may be made from any suitable thermoplastic material, such as polyesters including polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyolefins, including polypropylene and polyethylene, polycarbonate, polyamides, including nylons (e.g. Nylon 6, Nylon 66, MXD6), polystyrenes, epoxies, acrylics, copolymers, blends, grafted polymers, and/or modified polymers (monomers or portion thereof having another group as a side group, e.g. olefin-modified polyesters). These materials may be used alone or in conjunction with each other. More specific material examples include, but are not limited to, ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (“EVOH”), ethylene vinyl acetate (“EVA”), ethylene acrylic acid (“EAA”), linear low density polyethylene (“LLDPE”), polyethylene 2,6- and 1,5-naphthalate (“PEN”), polyethylene terephthalate glycol (“PETG”), poly(cyclohexylenedimethylene terephthalate), polystryrene, cycloolefin, copolymer, poly-4-methylpentene-1, poly(methyl methacrylate), acrylonitrile, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidine chloride, styrene acrylonitrile, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, polyacetal, polybutylene terephthalate, ionomer, polysulfone, polytetra-fluoroethylene, polytetramethylene 1,2-dioxybenzoate and copolymers of ethylene terephthalate and ethylene isophthalate. In certain embodiments preferred materials may be virgin, pre-consumer, post-consumer, regrind, recycled, and/or combinations thereof.

[0060] In some embodiments, polypropylene also refers to clarified polypropylene. As used herein, the term “clarified polypropylene” is a broad term and is used in accordance with its ordinary meaning and may include, without limitation, a polypropylene that includes nucleation inhibitors and/or clarifying additives. Clarified polypropylene is a generally transparent material as compared to the homopolymer or block copolymer of polypropylene. The inclusion of nucleation inhibitors helps prevent and/or reduce crystallinity, which contributes to the haziness of polypropylene, within the polypropylene. Alternatively, nucleation inhibitors may be added to polypropylene.

[0061] As used herein, “PET” includes, but is not limited to, modified PET as well as PET blended with other materials. One example of a modified PET is IP A-modified PET, which refers to PET in which the IP A content is preferably more than about 2% by weight, including about 2-10% IP A by weight, also including about 5-10% IP A by weight. In another modified PET, an additional comonomer, cylohexane dimethanol (“CHDM”) is added in significant amounts (e.g. approximately 40% by weight or more) to the PET mixture during manufacture of the resin.

[0062] Additives may be included in articles herein to provide functional properties to the resulting containers. Such additives include those providing enhanced gas barrier, UV protection, scuff resistance, impact resistance and/or chemical resistance. Preferred additives may be prepared by methods known to those of skill in the art. For example, the additives may be mixed directly with a particular material, or they may be dissolved/dispersed separately and then added to a particular material. Additives may be present in an amount up to about 40% of the material, also including up to about 30%, 20%, 10%, 5%, 2% and 1% by weight of the material. In some embodiments, additives may be present in an amount less than or equal to 1% by weight, such ranges of materials including, but not limited to, about 0.01% to about 1%, about 0.01% to about 0.1%, and about 0.1% to about 1% by weight.

[0063] Another possible additive is microparticulate clay or graphene based materials. These materials comprise tiny, micron or sub-micron size (diameter), particles of materials which enhance the barrier and/or mechanical properties of a material by creating a more tortuous path for migrating gas molecules, such as oxygen or carbon dioxide, to take as they permeate a material and/or providing added stiffness. In some embodiments, nanoparticulate material is present in amounts ranging from 0.05 to 1% by weight, including 0.1%, 0.5% by weight and ranges encompassing these amounts. In some embodiments, nanoparticles comprise monmorillonite that may be modified with a ternary or quaternary ammonium salt. In some embodiments, such particles comprise organoclays as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,780,376, the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference and forms part of the disclosure of this application. Other suitable organic and inorganic microparticulate clay based or nano-sized products may also be used. Both man-made and natural products are also suitable.

[0064] In some embodiments, the UV protection properties of the material may be enhanced by the addition of one or more additives. In one embodiment, the UV protection material used provides UV protection up to about 350 nm or less, preferably about 370 nm or less, more preferably about 400 nm or less. The UV protection material may be used as an additive with layers providing additional functionality or applied separately as a single layer. In some embodiments, additives providing enhanced UV protection are present in the material from about 0.05 to 20% by weight, but also including about 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 5%, 10%, and 15% by weight, and ranges encompassing these amounts. In some embodiments, the UV protection material is added in a form that is compatible with the other materials. In some embodiments, a preferred UV protection material comprises a polymer grafted or modified with a UV absorber that is added as a concentrate. Other preferred UV protection materials include, but are not limited to, benzotriazoles, phenothiazines, and azaphenothiazines. UV protection materials may be added during the melt phase process prior to use, such as prior to injection molding or extrusion.

[0065] While the invention has been described in terms of particular variations and illustrative figures, those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the invention is not limited to the variations or figures described. In addition, where methods and steps described above indicate certain events occurring in certain order, those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the ordering of certain steps may be modified and that such modifications are in accordance with the variations of the invention. Additionally, certain of the steps may be performed concurrently in a parallel process when possible, as well as performed sequentially as described above. To the extent there are variations of the invention, which are within the spirit of the disclosure or equivalent to the inventions found in the claims, it is the intent that this patent will cover those variations as well. Therefore, the present disclosure is to be understood as not limited by the specific embodiments described herein, but only by scope of the appended claims.