Lining element and method of manufacturing a lining element

Abstract

A lining element for repairing a connection area between a main pipe and a branch pipe, comprising a layer of resin-absorbing material, wherein at least three flexible, expandable lining parts are connected to each other by at least three connections to form the lining element. Each lining part comprises a main pipe section and a branch pipe section, and side edges. The lining element is characterized in that the lining parts are connected to each other by connecting both side edges of the adjacent branch pipe sections and side edges of adjacent main pipe sections in a continuous fashion.

Claims

1. A lining element for repairing a connection area between a main pipe and a branch pipe, comprising a layer of resin-absorbing material, wherein at least three separate flexible, expandable lining parts are connected to each other by at least three connections to form the lining element; wherein each lining part comprises both a main pipe section and a branch pipe section, and side edges, and wherein further there is a seamless transition between the main pipe section and the branch pipe section; and wherein the lining parts are connected to each other by connecting both side edges of the adjacent branch pipe sections and side edges of adjacent main pipe sections in a continuous fashion.

2. The lining element according to claim 1, wherein the number of connections is equal to the number of lining parts.

3. The lining element according to claim 1, wherein the connections are each formed by a seam and/or adhesive connection essentially extending along the adjacent side edges of the lining parts.

4. The lining element according to claim 1, wherein the layer of resin-absorbing material comprises a fibrous material, a non-woven material and/or a knitted spacer material, wherein the material is selected from the group consisting of glass fibers, polyester fibers, polypropylene fibers, carbon fibers and/or aramid fibers.

5. The lining element according to claim 1, wherein the lining part includes a plastic film as a fluid-impermeable layer.

6. The lining element according to claim 1, wherein the lining element comprises at least one reinforcing element, wherein the reinforcing element is a reinforcing ring.

7. The lining element according to claim 1, wherein the at least one lining part has a first thickness in a first section and has a second thickness in a second section.

8. The lining element according to claim 1, wherein the lining element is formed of four flexible, expandable lining parts.

9. The lining element according to claim 8, wherein the four flexible, expandable lining parts are essentially similarly shaped.

10. The lining element according to claim 8, wherein two of the four flexible, expandable lining parts is differently shaped relative to the others of the four flexible, expandable lining parts.

11. The lining element according to claim 1, wherein the lining element is formed of six flexible, expandable lining parts.

12. The lining element according to claim 11, wherein two of the six flexible, expandable lining parts are differently shaped relative to the others of the six flexible, expandable lining parts.

13. The lining element according to claim 1, wherein the lining element is formed of eight flexible, expandable lining parts.

14. The lining element according to claim 13, wherein four of the eight flexible, expandable lining parts are differently shaped relative to the others of the eight flexible, expandable lining parts.

15. A lining element for repairing a connection area between a main pipe and a branch pipe, comprising a layer of resin-absorbing material, wherein at least three separate, flexible, expandable lining parts are connected to each other by at least three connections to form the lining element; wherein each lining part comprises both a main pipe section and a branch pipe section, and side edges, and wherein further there is a seamless transition between the main pipe section and the branch pipe section; and wherein, by means of at least one connection, the branch pipe sections are connected to a branch pipe extension, comprising at least one flexible, expandable lining part.

16. The lining element according to claim 15, wherein the branch pipe extension is formed of a flat sheet material by rolling the flat sheet material and establishing a connection along the longitudinal edges of the at least one lining part and by means of at least one seam and/or adhesive connection with the branch pipe sections, wherein said seam and/or adhesive connection extends essentially radially in the circumferential direction with respect to the branch pipe extension.

17. The lining element according to claim 15, wherein the lining element is formed of four flexible, expandable lining parts.

18. The lining element according to claim 17, wherein the four flexible, expandable lining parts are essentially similarly shaped.

19. The lining element according to claim 17, wherein two of the four flexible, expandable lining parts is differently shaped relative to the others of the four flexible, expandable lining parts.

20. The lining element according to claim 15, wherein the lining element is formed of six flexible, expandable lining parts.

21. The lining element according to claim 20, wherein two of the six flexible, expandable lining parts are differently shaped relative to the others of the six flexible, expandable lining parts.

22. The lining element according to claim 15, wherein the lining element is formed of eight flexible, expandable lining parts.

23. The lining element according to claim 22, wherein four of the eight flexible, expandable lining parts are differently shaped relative to the others of the eight flexible, expandable lining parts.

24. A method of manufacturing a lining element for repairing a connection area between a main pipe and a branch pipe, comprising the following steps: providing at least three separate, flexible, expandable lining parts each having both a main pipe section and a branch pipe section, side edges, and a layer of resin-absorbing material, and wherein further there is a seamless transition between the main pipe section and the branch pipe section; and connecting the lining parts to form the lining element, wherein the at least three lining parts are connected to each other by means of at least three connections; wherein the connections are each formed by a seam and/or adhesive connection essentially extending along the adjacent side edges of the lining parts; and wherein the lining parts are connected to each other by connecting both the side edges of the adjacent branch pipe sections and the side edges of adjacent main pipe sections in a continuous fashion.

25. The method according to claim 24, wherein the number of connections is equal to the number of lining parts.

26. A method of manufacturing a lining element for the repair of a connection area between a main pipe and a branch pipe, comprising the following steps: providing at least three separate, flexible, expandable, monolithic lining parts each having both a main pipe section and a branch pipe section, and a layer of resin-absorbing material; and connecting the lining parts to form the lining element, wherein the at least three lining parts are connected to each other by means of at least three connections; wherein the branch pipe sections of the lining element are connected by means of at least one connection with a branch pipe extension, comprising at least one flexible, expandable lining part.

27. The method of claim 26, wherein the branch pipe extension is formed of a flat sheet material by rolling it and establishing a connection along the longitudinal edges of the at least one lining part and by means of at least one seam and/or adhesive connection with the branch pipe sections, so that said seam and/or adhesive connection extends essentially radially in the circumferential direction with respect to the branch pipe extension.

Description

(1) The method according to the present invention and the lining element according to the present invention will be explained in more detail in the following with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

(2) FIG. 1 is a first perspective view of a first lining element of three lining parts;

(3) FIG. 2 is a second perspective view of the first lining element of FIG. 1;

(4) FIG. 3 is a plan view of the planar initial shape of the lining part of FIGS. 1 and 2;

(5) FIG. 4 is a first perspective view of a second lining element of four lining parts;

(6) FIG. 5 is a second perspective view of the second lining element of FIG. 4;

(7) FIG. 6 is a plan view of the planar initial shape of the lining part of FIGS. 4 and 5;

(8) FIG. 7 is a bottom view of a third lining element of four lining parts;

(9) FIG. 8 is a bottom view of a fourth lining element of six lining parts;

(10) FIG. 9 is a bottom view of a fifth lining element of eight lining parts;

(11) FIG. 10 is a perspective view of the first lining element of FIG. 1, connected to a branch pipe extension;

(12) FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a sixth lining element in its preform and of a forming body;

(13) FIG. 12 is a perspective view of the sixth lining element in its final shape;

(14) FIG. 13 is a schematic cross section of a pipe branch wherein the sixth lining element is indicated;

(15) FIG. 14 is a perspective view of the sixth lining element in a different final shape;

(16) FIG. 15 is a perspective view of a seventh lining element;

(17) FIG. 16 is a perspective view of a eighth lining element;

(18) FIG. 17 is a plan view of the planar initial form of the lining part according to FIG. 16;

(19) FIG. 18 is a perspective view of a lining part for the eighth lining element;

(20) FIG. 19 is a perspective view of a ninth lining element;

(21) FIG. 20 is a further perspective view of the ninth lining element, and

(22) FIG. 21 is a perspective view of a tenth lining element.

(23) FIGS. 1 to 3 show a first lining element 10 for the repair of a joint area between a main pipe and a branch pipe. FIG. 1 is a first perspective view, and FIG. 2 is a further perspective view of first lining element 10 shown from below, and essentially along a longitudinal direction L. Lining element 10 consists of three lining parts 20, essentially extends along the longitudinal direction L, and essentially has the shape of a hat. FIG. 3 is a plan view of the initial form, cut to size, for the initially flat, planar lining part 20 as an initial element for lining element 10.

(24) As seen in the longitudinal direction L, lining element 10 comprises a first end 12 and a second end 14. Furthermore, each lining part 20 comprises a main pipe section 22 and a branch pipe section 23, which are preferably integrally connected. Thus, first end 12 of lining element 10 is formed by branch pipe sections 23 and second end 14 of lining element 10 is formed by main pipe sections 22 of lining parts 20.

(25) To manufacture first lining element 10, three lining parts 20, as shown in FIG. 3 and initially having a planar, flat configuration, are cut to size and prepared. All three lining parts 20 essentially have the same geometric shape formed by two end edges 27 and two side edges 24. End edges 27, in the finished state, form first end 12 and second end 14 of lining element 10 as seen in the longitudinal direction L. The two side edges 24 are each subdivided into a first side edge section 25 and a second side edge section 26, each essentially having a rectilinear configuration, and converging to a point of intersection while defining a predetermined angle . First side edge section 25 is associated with main pipe section 22 and second side edge section 26 is associated with branch pipe section 23.

(26) The three planar, flat lining parts 20 are connected to each other by means of three connections 28 to form lining element 10. Preferably, each connection 28 is achieved by means of sewing and/or gluing. However, other alternatives for joining lining parts 20 are also possible.

(27) To achieve this, in a first step, two lining parts 20 are positioned side by side in such a manner that adjacent side edges 24 of the two lining parts 20, i.e. their side edge sections 25, 26, are essentially adjacent to each other. Then, these adjacent side edge sections 25, 26 are sewn and/or glued to each other to create a first connection 28. This sewing process can be carried out on a planar support surface, which is much more advantageous than a radial seam. Next, the third lining part can be positioned next to the free side edge 24 of one of the two already connected lining parts 20 in such a manner that one side edge 24 of third lining part 20 is adjacent to a free side edge 24 of the two already connected lining parts 20 or is positioned in a neighboring fashion. Subsequently, these facing side edges 24 are sewn and/or glued together to form a second connection 28. Now, the three lining parts 20 are already connected to each other by means of two connections. As a last step, the three connected lining parts 20 are positioned in such a manner, for example, by slightly bending or folding them, such that the two remaining free side edges 24 come to lie in a side-by-side or adjacent relationship. Hereafter, these two side edges 24 are sewn and/or glued together to form a third connection 28. Finally, the thus formed lining element 10 can be preferably pressed to achieve the hat shape shown in FIG. 1. As a final step, a reinforcing element 85 can be attached to lining element 10 in the area of its second end 14, for example, by means of an adhesive connection (cf. FIG. 1). Preferably, reinforcing element 85 is a reinforcing ring of plastic material. Reinforcing element 85 enables main pipe sections 22 of lining parts 20 to form a dimensionally stable rim area.

(28) By connecting by means of connections 28, by shaping lining elements 20 connected to each other, and/or by attaching reinforcing element 85, a fold, a kink or a bent area is formed in the transition area from main pipe section 22 to branch pipe section 23 (cf. broken line 29 in FIG. 1). This fold or kink 29 can have a curvilinear or annular configuration or be essentially rectilinear. The three main pipe sections 22 can thus together form a rim or a ring. Furthermore, the three branch pipe sections 23 together can form a kind of sleeve. Main pipe sections 22, in the installed position, i.e. after the repair action, are in snug contact with the main pipe, and branch pipe sections 23, in the installed position, are in snug contact with the branch pipe, such as a house connection line.

(29) Preferably, the three connections 28 are continuously configured, i.e. starting from one of the two end edges 27 to the other end edge 27. The number of connections 28 thus corresponds to the number of lining parts 20. Each of connections 28 extend along adjacent or facing side edges 24 of lining parts 20. In the preferred case of configuring connection 28 as a seam, this connection 28 can also be referred to as a longitudinal seam.

(30) As an alternative, it can basically also be provided that some of the adjacent side edges 24 overlap, and lining parts 20 form a connection 28 in the overlapping area. Furthermore, if connection 28 is configured as a seam and additional sealing is desired, an adhesive tape or masking tape can be applied to the seam and/or along side edges 24.

(31) FIGS. 4 to 6 show a second lining element 30 for the repair of a connection area between a main pipe and a branch pipe. In contrast to the embodiment according to FIGS. 1 to 3, the present lining element 30 comprises two different types of lining part, namely lining part 40 and lining part 41 (cf. FIG. 6), as initial elements for the manufacture of lining element 30. FIG. 4 is a first perspective view, and FIG. 5 is a further perspective view of lining element 30 from below and essentially along longitudinal direction L. Lining element 30 consists of two lining parts 40 and two lining parts 41 and thus of a total of four lining parts. As in the first embodiment, it essentially extends along longitudinal direction L and essentially has the shape of a hat. FIG. 6 is a plan view of lining parts 40, 41, cut to size and in a flat, planar configuration, as initial elements for lining element 30.

(32) As seen in longitudinal direction L, lining element 30 comprises a first end 32 and a second end 34. Furthermore, each lining part 40, 41 comprises a main pipe section 42 and a branch pipe section 43, preferably integrally connected to each other. First end 32 of lining element 30 is thus formed by branch pipe sections 43, and second end 34 of lining element 30 is formed by main pipe sections 42 of lining parts 40, 41.

(33) For the manufacture of second lining element 30, two of the initially flat, planar lining parts 40, shown on the left in FIG. 6, and two of the initially flat, planar lining parts 41, shown on the right in FIG. 6, are cut to size and prepared. The two lining parts 40 and the two lining parts 41 each essentially have the same geometric shape defined by two end edges 47 and two side edges 44. End edges 47, in the assembled state, as seen in the longitudinal direction L, form first end 32 and second end 34 of lining element 30. The two side edges 44 of each lining part are subdivided into a first side edge section 45 and a second side edge section 46, said first side edge section 45 being associated with main pipe section 42 and said second side edge section 46 being associated with branch pipe section 43. With lining part 40, side edge sections 46 and side edge sections 45 each essentially have a rectilinear configuration, and converge to a point of intersection S while defining a predetermined angle . With lining part 41, side edge sections 46 and side edge sections 45 each essentially have a rectilinear configuration and extend on a common axis.

(34) The four flat, planar lining parts 40, 41 are connected to each other by means of four connections 48 to form lining element 30. Preferably, each connection 48 is created by sewing and/or gluing. However, other alternatives for joining lining parts 40, 41, are also possible.

(35) To achieve this, in a first step, a first lining part 40 and a second lining part 41 are positioned side by side in such a manner that the two adjacent side edges 44 of the two lining parts 40, 41 are in part essentially in contact with each other. Then these adjacent side edges 44 are sewn and/or glued together to form a first connection 48. This sewing can be carried out on a planar support surface, which is much more advantageous than a radial seam. Next, a third lining part 40 can be positioned next to the free side edge 44 of one of the two already connected lining parts 40, 41 in such a manner that one side edge 44 of third lining part 40 is adjacent to a free side edge 44 of the two already connected lining parts 40 or is positioned in a neighboring fashion. Subsequently, these facing side edges 44 are sewn and/or glued together to form a second connection 48. Following this, a fourth lining part 41 is attached to the third lining part 40 by means of a seam as a third connection 48 in the manner already described.

(36) The four lining parts 40, 41 have now been connected to each other using three connections 48. As a next step, these four connected lining parts 40, 41 are positioned in such a way, for example by slightly bending or folding them, such that the two remaining free side edges 44 come to lie in a side-by-side or adjacent relationship. Subsequently, these two side edges 44 are sewn and/or glued together to form a fourth connection 48. Finally, the lining element 30 thus formed can preferably be pressed to create the hat shape according to FIG. 4.

(37) Subsequently, if needed, a reinforcing element 85 can be attached to lining element 30 in the area of its second end 34 (not shown), for example, by means of an adhesive connection. In this context, reference is made to the above explanations with respect to first lining element 10.

(38) By connecting by means of connections 48, forming the lining parts 40, 41 connected to each other and/or attaching reinforcing element 85, a fold or kink, or a bent area (cf. broken line 49 in FIG. 4) is formed in the transition area from main pipe section 42 to branch pipe section 43. This fold or kink 49 can have a curvilinear or annular configuration or be essentially rectilinear. The four main pipe sections 42 can thus together form a rim or a ring. Furthermore, together the four branch pipe sections 43 can form a sleeve. Main pipe sections 42, in the installed state, i.e. after the repair action, are in snug contact with the main pipe, and branch pipe sections 43, in the installed state, are in snug contact with the branch pipe, such as a house connection line.

(39) Preferably, the four connections 48 are continuously configured, i.e. starting from one of the two end edges 47 to the other end edge 47. The number of connections 48 thus corresponds to the number of lining parts 40, 41. Each of connections 48 extend along adjacent or facing side edges 44 of lining parts 40, 41. In the preferred case of configuring connection 48 as a seam, this connection 48 can also be referred to as a longitudinal seam.

(40) As an alternative, it can basically also be provided that some of the adjacent side edges 44 overlap, and lining parts 40, 41 form a connection 48 in the overlapping area. Furthermore, if connection 48 is configured as a seam and additional sealing is desired, an adhesive tape or masking tape can be applied to the seam and/or along side edges 44.

(41) FIGS. 7, 8 and 9 show further embodiments of lining elements according to the present invention, which are based on first lining element 10 according to FIGS. 1 to 3, and on second lining element 30 according to FIGS. 4 to 6 and include additional lining parts. Herein, FIGS. 7, 8 and 9, and similarly FIGS. 2 and 5, are views of the respective lining element from below and along longitudinal direction L.

(42) Lining element 50 according to FIG. 7 is thus composed of four essentially similarly shaped lining parts 52, connected to each other by means of four connections 58. To achieve this, neighboring, adjacent side edges 56 of the, in total, four lining parts 52 are sewn and/or glued together according to the procedure mentioned above.

(43) Lining element 60 according to FIG. 8 is composed of four essentially similarly shaped lining parts 62 and two essentially similarly shaped, roughly rectangular lining parts 63, connected to each other by means of six connections 68. For this purpose, the neighboring, adjacent side edges 66 of the, in total, six lining parts 62, 63 are sewn and/or glued together according to the procedure mentioned above.

(44) Lining element 70 according to FIG. 9 is composed of four essentially similarly shaped lining parts 72 and four essentially similarly shaped, roughly rectangular lining parts 73, connected to each other by means of eight connections 78. For this purpose, the neighboring, adjacent side edges 76 of the, in total, eight lining parts 72, 73 are sewn and/or glued together according to the procedure mentioned above.

(45) In all lining elements 50, 60 and 70 shown in FIGS. 7, 8 and 9, connections 58, 68 and 78 extend in a manner corresponding to connections 28, 48 parallel to longitudinal direction L, and thus normal to the drawing plane, and continue to the other ends of side edges 56, 66 and 76 (not shown).

(46) As to the method of manufacturing lining elements 50, 60 and 70, reference can be made to the above explanations with respect to lining elements 10 and 30.

(47) FIG. 10 is a perspective view of first lining element 10 according to FIG. 1 connected to a branch pipe extension 90. With respect to the configuration and manufacture of first lining element 10, reference can be made to the above explanations. Branch pipe extension 90, in the installed position, is in snug contact with the branch pipe and can have a length of, for example, up to about 20 m or more.

(48) Branch pipe extension 90 comprises on principle at least one lining part 92. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 10, a single lining part 92 is provided. Preferably, lining part 92 is made from a flat sheet material, i.e. a planar initial configuration, by rolling it and establishing a connection along longitudinal edges 96. According to FIG. 10, branch pipe extension 90 is connected to first end 12 formed by branch pipe sections 23 of lining parts 20 by means of at least one connection 99, preferably by means of sewing and/or gluing, said connection essentially extending radially in the circumferential direction with respect to branch pipe extension 90. Branch pipe extension 90 can thus be connected to lining element 10 by means of a radial seam.

(49) All lining elements 10, 30, 50, 60, 70 comprise at least one layer of resin-absorbing material 80, and optionally additionally at least one coating. This resin-absorbing layer 80 preferably comprises a fibrous material, a non-woven material and/or a knitted spacer material. For example, layer 80 can thus comprise, in particular, glass fibers, polyester fibers, polypropylene fibers, carbon fibers and/or aramid fibers. Of these components only individual ones or any combinations can be used. Furthermore, lining element 10, 30, 50, 60, 70 or its respective lining parts can comprise a plastic film as a fluid impermeable layer, preferably a film of PVC or thermoplastic polyurethane.

(50) Such a coating can be applied to the layer of resin-absorbing material 80 by laminating or by means of a calendar.

(51) In particular, in the situations shown in FIGS. 1, 2, 4, 5, 7 to 9, in the not-yet installed state, the preferably provided coating is on the outside, and the resin-absorbing layer 80 is on the inside. In the finished, installed state, the coating will be on the inside, that is facing the longitudinal axis of the pipe, and the resin-absorbing layer 80 will be on the outside, that is facing the inner surface of the pipe.

(52) Further embodiments of lining elements 100, 120, 130, 140, 150 according to a further aspect of the invention will be described in the following with reference to FIGS. 11 to 21:

(53) FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a sixth lining element 100 and a forming body 170.

(54) Lining element 100 consists of a single lining part 102, which essentially has the form of a hat and is used for repair purposes to seal cracks in the area of a joint between a main pipe and a branch pipe. Lining part 102 comprises a sleeve area 103 and a rim area 104. Sleeve area 103, in the installation position, will come to lie on the inside of the branch pipe. Rim area 104, in the installation position, comes to lie on the inside of the main pipe. Lining element 100 comprises a layer of resin-absorbing material 160 and a coating (not shown).

(55) In the situation shown in FIG. 11, preceding installation, the coating is on the outside and the resin-absorbing layer is on the inside. In the finished stalled state of lining element 100 in the pipe joint, the coating is on the inside, which means facing the longitudinal axis of the pipe, and the resin-absorbing layer 160 is on the outside, which means facing the inner side wall of the pipe.

(56) The one-piece lining part 102 is shown in its tubular pre-shaped preform in FIG. 11. Lining element 100 can also be referred to as a semi-finished product. First lining part 102 has a shape resembling a hat, where the outer contour of lining part 102 extends from a sleeve area 103 into rim area 104 in an arcuate fluid transition. Sleeve area 103 and rim area 104 thus consist of a single material piece, namely lining part 102. This lining part 102 can be provided with or without a coating.

(57) Forming body 170 also shown in FIG. 11 comprises a first end 172, a second end 174 and a plurality of openings 176. To confer the tubular final shape to lining part 102 shown in its tubular preform in FIG. 11, lining part 102 is slipped over conical forming body 170 in the direction of the arrow over first end 172 in the direction of end 174. During this slip-on process, layer 160, and therefore lining part 102, is expanded. Lining part 102 is thus deformed and assumes its final shape. Openings 176 in forming body 170 enable lining part 102 to have heat applied to it by means of hot steam, enabling simplified expansion or stretching. After deformation, a cooling process follows, wherein lining part 102 remains on forming body 170, in order to consolidate the established final shape of the lining part or in other words, to stabilize its form. Furthermore, it can be provided that the coating is applied prior to or after the forming method. This coating can also contribute to a consolidation of the final shape. Furthermore, the coating, such as a film, can be configured in such a manner that in the installed state, it prevents washing out of the resin from the area to be repaired. FIG. 12 shows the tubular, preformed lining part 102 in its final shape after deformation by means of forming body 170. The amount of deformation in rim area 104 is greater than in sleeve area 103, since usually branch pipe 210 is oriented at a right angle to main pipe 200 in the arcuate transition area between the two areas (see FIG. 13).

(58) FIG. 13 shows a schematic cross section through joint 220 while indicating first lining element 100 in a position not yet finally fixed at joint 220. In the area of joint 220, a branch pipe 210 meets a main pipe 200. Herein, lining element 100 is in its final shape established by means of the previously described method, wherein the layer of resin-absorbing material 160 has already been impregnated with a resin.

(59) To install lining element 100 for the repair of joint 220 at main pipe 200 and branch pipe 210, a conventional repair method, in particular an inversion method is used. Herein, first, rim area 104 is made to lie on the inner side wall of main pipe 200 and pressed into contact there. Subsequently, sleeve area 103 is inverted through the lower opening in rim area 104 so that layer 160 impregnated with resin comes to lie on the inner side wall of branch pipe 210. Then a calibrating hose, for example, is applied to lining element 100, so that sleeve area 103, in particular, can be pressed against the inner side wall of branch pipe 210. By applying pressure by means of a fluid medium in the calibration hose, sleeve area 103 and rim area 104 are pressed against branch pipe 210 and main pipe 200, where the resin acting as an adhesive glue has an attaching and sealing effect. After hardening of the resin, the repair is complete and joint 220 is sealed. The arrows shown in FIG. 13 indicate the directions in which areas 103, 104 come to lie on pipes 200, 210, where they are fixedly attached to the pipe sections after hardening.

(60) FIG. 14 is a perspective view of sixth lining element 100, which is based on the same preform as in FIG. 11, but has a different final shape. To achieve this, for example, after expanding lining part 102 and applying hot steam to it, a further forming step can be carried out. A further forming body (not shown) can be slipped, for example, over lining part 102 in such a manner, that lining part 102 is subjected to bending or folding in the transition area between sleeve area 103 and rim area 104. Such a fold is indicated by the broken line in FIG. 14. This different final shape of lining element 100 provides an even better fit on the corresponding geometric shape of joint 220 to be repaired.

(61) FIG. 15 is a perspective view of a seventh lining element 120. Lining element 120 consists of a single lining part 122 and thus has an integral or one-piece configuration. This single lining part 122 has been cut from a flat, planar layered material 160. Subsequently, the tubular preform is made from this planar, flat material by means of rolling. In the area of the two longitudinal edge areas, a side edge 124 is present on each side. After rolling into the preform the two side edges 124 are connected by means of a connection 126. This connection 126 is preferably a seam. Subsequently, the tubular, preformed lining part 122 can be brought into the desired final shape by means of forming body 170, as already described above. To seal the seam, i.e. connection 126, an adhesive tape or masking tape can be applied to the seam and along side edges 124.

(62) FIG. 16 is a perspective view of an eighth lining element 130. In contrast to the embodiment according to FIG. 15, this lining element 130 comprises two lining parts 132 and 134. FIGS. 17 and 18 show the initial elements for the two lining parts 132, 134 of lining element 130. Herein, FIG. 17 shows the geometrically cut form for the flat, planar initial element of layer 160. FIG. 18 shows the half-shell shape produced from the flat initial shape by means of bending or the like, for each of lining parts 132, 134. These lining parts 132, 134 can thus be produced from a flat, planar material, just like the lining part 122 according to FIG. 15. Subsequently, the edge sections along the longitudinal sides of lining parts 132, 134 are connected along their side edges 136. Again, a seam is preferably used as a connection 138, wherein each of adjacent side edges 136 are directly or indirectly connected. After this connection of the two lining parts 132, 134, as explained with reference to FIG. 15, a tubular preform can be produced by means of forming body 170, followed by the production of the tubular final shape.

(63) FIG. 19 is a perspective view of a ninth lining element 140. This lining element 140 has an essentially T-shaped configuration and comprises a larger lining area provided for main pipe 200 compared to rim area 104 of the above-described lining elements. This lining element 140 comprises a single lining part 142. In a similar manner to that explained in FIG. 15, a connection 146 is provided in the area of side edges 144, preferably in the form of a seam.

(64) FIG. 20 shows lining element 140 again, wherein, in contrast to FIG. 19, side edges 144 are in an overlapping arrangement. This enables a tighter connection of side edges 144. The connection (not shown) of the two side edges 144 is also by means of a seam.

(65) Finally, FIG. 21 shows a tenth lining element 150 having two lining parts 152 and 154, similarly to lining element 130 in FIG. 16. The two lining parts 152 and 154 are connected to each other in the area of their side edges 156, each by means of a connection 158, preferably a seam.

(66) All lining elements 100, 120, 130, 140, 150 comprise at least one layer of resin-absorbing material 160 and optionally additionally at least one coating. With respect to this resin-absorbing layer 160 and the coating, if any, the explanations given above with reference to lining elements 10, 30, 50, 60, 70 apply in an analogous fashion (cf. layer 80 and coating).

(67) To position and finally fix in place each lining element 10, 30, 50, 60, 70, 100, 120, 130, 140, 150 in its desired position at the joint position or at the connection area, preferably a repair method is chosen in which lining element 10, 30, 50, 60, 70, 100, 120, 130, 140, 150 is inverted. In this procedure, lining element 10, 30, 50, 60, 70, 100, 120, 130, 140, 150 is turned inside out. To achieve this, lining element 10, 30, 50, 60, 70, 100, 120, 130, 140, 150 is reversed. Prior to inserting lining element 10, 30, 50, 60, 70, 100, 120, 130, 140, 150 into the pipe to be repaired, resin-absorbing layer 80, 160 is impregnated with a resin. This resin, after final positioning and pressing lining element 10, 30, 50, 60, 70, 100, 120, 130, 140, 150 against the inner side wall of the pipe, results in a sealing attachment of lining element 10, 30, 50, 60, 70, 100, 120, 130, 140, 150 to the pipe. The resin can be hardened by applying a fluid medium (for example by means of a gaseous or liquid medium), heat and/or light.

(68) TABLE-US-00001 List of reference numerals 10 lining element 12 first end 14 second end 20 lining part 22 main pipe section 23 branch pipe section 24 side edge 25 side edge section 26 side edge section 27 end edge 28 connection 29 fold/kink 30 lining element 32 first end 34 second end 40 lining part 41 lining part 42 main pipe section 43 branch pipe section 44 side edge 45 side edge section 46 side edge section 47 end edge 48 connection 49 fold/kink 50 lining element 52 lining part 56 side edge 58 connection 60 lining element 62 lining part 63 lining part 66 side edge 68 connection 70 lining element 72 lining part 73 lining part 76 side edge 78 connection 80 resin-absorbing layer 85 reinforcing element 90 branch pipe extension 92 lining part 96 longitudinal edge 98 connection 99 connection 100 lining element 102 lining part 103 sleeve area 104 rim area 120 lining element 122 lining part 124 side edge 126 connection 130 lining element 132 lining part 134 lining part 136 side edge 138 connection 140 lining element 142 lining part 144 side edge 146 connection 150 lining element 152 lining part 154 lining part 156 side edge 158 connection 160 resin-absorbing layer 170 forming body 172 first end 174 second end 176 openings 200 main pipe 210 branch pipe 220 joint L longitudinal direction S point of intersection angle