Roller for high pressure roller grinder, roller grinder, and method for assembling a roller for a roller grinder

Abstract

A roller for a roller grinder, the roller including a shaft and a grinding shell in the form of a tubular sleeve and having an inner face to be retained around the shaft. The roller grinder is characterized in that the shaft includes two shaft parts, each shaft part having a respective inner end portion, wherein the inner end portions are arranged to be positioned facing each other and include coupling portions arranged to couple the inner end portions of the respective shaft parts to each other, thereby forming the shaft. The disclosure further relates to a method for assembling a roller for a roller grinder, the roller including a shaft and a grinding shell in the form of a tubular sleeve and having an inner face to be retained around the shaft.

Claims

1. A roller for a roller grinder, said roller comprising a shaft and a cylindrical grinding shell having an inner face to be retained around the shaft, wherein the shaft comprises two shaft parts, wherein said shaft parts comprise coupling portions arranged to couple the shaft parts to each other, thereby forming the shaft, wherein each shaft part has a respective inner end portion, wherein said inner end portions are arranged to be positioned facing each other and to be coupled to each other by said coupling portions wherein each shaft part comprises a respective hub element against which an inner surface of the grinding shell is to be seated, and wherein each hub element has a frusto-conical shape and wherein the inner surface of the grinding shell has two inner surface portions, each inner surface portion having a frusto-conical shape corresponding to a frusto-conical shape of the respective hub elements, the inner surface portions of the grinding shell being arranged with a smaller base of the respective frusto-conical shape facing each other and a larger base of the respective frusto-conical shape facing away from each other.

2. The roller as claimed in claim 1, wherein said grinding shell is in the form of a tubular sleeve.

3. The roller of claim 1, wherein the coupling portions are arranged to axially force the shaft parts towards each other.

4. The roller of claim 1, wherein the larger base of the respective frusto-conical shape of the inner surface portions of the grinding shell is arranged at a respective axially outer end of the grinding shell.

5. The roller of claim 4, wherein the smaller base of the respective frusto-conical shape of the inner surface portions of the grinding shell coincide.

6. The roller of claim 5, wherein the coupling portions are arranged to axially force the hub elements towards each other, thereby pressing the hub elements against the inner surface of the grinding shell and retaining the grinding shell on the shaft.

7. The roller of claim 1, wherein the coupling portions of at least one of the shaft parts comprises mechanical, pneumatic, hydraulic or magnetic coupling means.

8. The roller of claim 1, wherein the coupling portions of at least one of the shaft parts comprises a gripping device longitudinally disposed through the respective shaft part, having an actuation end portion, external to the shaft, and an engaging end portion, projecting from the respective inner end portion and to be engaged in the other respective shaft part.

9. The roller of claim 1, further comprising an extracting device arranged to force the shaft parts axially away from each other for disassembling the shaft.

10. The roller of claim 9, wherein the extracting device comprises a chamber, defined between the inner end portions of said shaft parts and a duct disposed through at least one of the shaft parts and having an end open to the chamber and another end open to the exterior of the respective shaft part arranged to be connected to a pressure source, so as to allow the selective pressurization of the chamber to force the shaft parts away from each other in opposite axial directions.

11. The roller of claim 9, wherein the extracting device comprises a jack arrangement arranged to force the shaft parts away from each other in opposite axial directions.

12. The roller of claim 1, wherein one of the inner end portions of the shaft parts comprises a guide portion, the other hub element comprising a guide receiving portion in which the guide portion is arranged to be coupled, when the shaft parts are coupled to each other, thereby keeping the two shaft parts axially aligned with one another.

13. The roller of claim 12, wherein the guide portion comprises at least one end axial projection of the respective inner end portion, the guide receiving portion comprising an end axial recess provided in the other inner end portion and which is dimensioned to slidably receive and axially guide the respective end axial projection, when said shaft parts are coupled to each other.

14. A roller grinder for grinding materials such as minerals, comprising at least one roller including a shaft and a cylindrical grinding shell having an interface surface to be retained around the shaft, wherein the shaft comprises two shaft parts each including a coupling portion arranged to couple the shaft parts to each other to form the shaft, wherein each shaft part has a respective inner end portion, wherein the inner end portions are arranged to be positioned facing each other and to be coupled to each other by the coupling portions, wherein each shaft part comprises a respective hub element against which an inner surface of the grinding shell is to be seated, and wherein each hub element has frusto-conical shape and wherein the inner surface of the grinding shell has two inner surface portions, each inner surface portion having a frusto-conical shape corresponding to a frusto-conical shape of the respective hub elements, the inner surface portions of the grinding shell being arranged with a smaller base of the respective frusto-conical shape facing each other and a larger base of the respective frusto-conical shape facing away from each other.

15. A roller for a roller grinder, the roller comprising: a shaft including two shaft parts, wherein the shaft parts comprise coupling portions arranged to couple the shaft parts to each other to form the shaft, wherein each shaft part has a respective inner end portion, wherein the inner end portions are arranged to be positioned facing each other and to be coupled to each other by the coupling portions; a cylindrical grinding shell having an inner surface to be retained around the shaft; and an extracting device arranged to force the shaft parts axially away from each other for disassembling the shaft, wherein the extracting device includes a chamber formed between the inner end portions of the shaft parts and a duct disposed through at least one of the shaft parts and having a first end open to the chamber and a second end open to the exterior of the respective shaft part, the second end arranged to be connected to a pressure source to allow the selective pressurization of the chamber to force the shaft parts away from each other in opposite axial directions.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) In the following, embodiments will be described in closer detail, by way of non-limiting examples. In the drawings

(2) FIG. 1 shows a cross sectional lateral view of a roller grinder according to an embodiment of the present invention illustrating the two shaft parts in a mounting condition in the interior of the grinding shell in the form of a tubular sleeve;

(3) FIG. 1A shows an enlarged detail of FIG. 1, illustrating the sealing region between a gripping means and the respective shaft part that carries it;

(4) FIG. 2 shows an end view of the roller constructed according to the present invention, taken according to line II-II in FIG. 1;

(5) FIG. 3 shows a cross sectional lateral view of a roller grinder according to another embodiment of the present invention; and

(6) FIG. 4 shows the roller grinder of FIG. 3 during disassembling.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

(7) FIG. 1 shows one of the rolls R in a preferred embodiment of a roller grinder (not fully shown) according to the present invention. Each roller R comprises a shaft S, the shaft S being held in the roller grinder by the two bearings M. The shaft S is constructed by a first shaft part 20 and a second shaft part 10, each comprising a respective end portion 21, 11 of the shaft S and a respective hub element 22, 12 which, in this preferred, but not limiting, embodiment, comprises frusto-conical portions 23, 13.

(8) The hub element 12 of the second shaft portion 10 has a guide means 14 to be coupled to a guide receiving means 24 provided in the other hub element 22 of the first shaft portion 20 in order to keep the shaft parts 10, 20 axially aligned with one another.

(9) Each frusto-conical portion 13, 23 presents its larger base turned to their respective axial end portions 11, 21 of the shaft S and a smaller base turned to the other shaft part 10, 20. The area of the larger base, but also the area of the smaller base of the frusto-conical portions 13, 23 are larger than the area enclosed by the area of the end portions 11, 21 of the shaft S. The angle of the conical shape of the frusto-conical portions 13, 23 can vary from project to project, but are generally kept between about 2 and about 5 degrees in relation to the shaft of the assembly.

(10) The guide means 14, carried by one of the hub elements 12, comprises at least one end axial projection 14a, with a substantially cylindrical cross section that is smaller than the cross section of the adjacent smaller base of the respective frusto-conical portion 13. The guide receiving means 24 of the other hub element 22 comprises an end axial recess 24a having a cross section similar to that of the end axial projection 14a, i.e., generally cylindrical, dimensioned to slidably receive and axially guide the respective end axial projection 14a of the hub element 12, when said hub elements 12, 22 are axially forced towards each other. In FIG. 1, the guide means 14 is in its end position inside the recess 24a of the receiving means 24.

(11) As illustrated in FIG. 1, the two shaft parts 10, 20 are axially forced towards each other by coupling portions 40, for coupling the guide means 14 to the guide receiving means 24. In FIG. 1, the coupling portions are mechanical gripping devices 40 longitudinally disposed through the shaft part 10, having an actuation end portion 43, external to the shaft S, and an engaging end portion 42, projecting from the hub element 12 into the hub element 22 engaging the shaft part 20.

(12) In FIG. 1, the gripping means 40 are defined by a plurality of bolts 41 lodged in respective longitudinal through holes 15 provided in the shaft parts 10. Each bolt 41 has an engaging threaded end portion 42 engaged in a longitudinal threaded hole 25 of the other shaft part 20. An actuation end portion 43, opposite to the engaging end portion 42, projects outwardly from the end portion 11 of the shaft part 10 and is also threaded, configured to be engaged to a drawing device 46, illustrated in FIG. 1 as a nut.

(13) As can be seen in FIG. 2, the bolts 41 are evenly distributed through the two shaft parts 10, 20, preferably in a circular arrangement, angularly spaced from each other so that the controlled gripping of the drawing devices 46, in the form of nuts, produces the axial displacement of the two shaft parts 10, 20 towards each other in the axial direction of the shaft.

(14) Again with reference to FIG. 1, the grinding shell 30 has the form of a tubular sleeve constructed by a hard material adequate to the grinding or crushing work. The grinder shell 30 inner face has two frusto-conical surfaces 31, each cone having its larger base turned towards the respective end of the grinder shell 30. The smaller base of the frusto-conical surfaces 31 are directed towards the middle of the grinder shell, facing each other, and in FIG. 1 coinciding with each other, resembling an hourglass shape. The bolts 41 of the mechanical gripping device 40 will axially force the two shaft parts 10, 20 towards each other, forcing the frusto-conical portions 13, 23 to be seated against the respective inner surfaces of the grinding shell 31. Tightening of the gripping device 40 drawing devices 46 will gradually increase the radial pressure of the shaft parts against the respective frusto-conical inner surfaces 31 of the grinding shell 30, inducing an increasing frictional force between the grinding shell and the shaft parts 10, 20 preventing movement of the grinding shell relative to the shaft parts. The bolts 41 of the gripping device 40 is dimensioned to produce a degree of frictional interference between the frusto-conical portions 13, 23 and the grinding shell 30 sufficient to lock the latter around the shaft S during all grinding and grinding operations within the specifications of the roller grinder.

(15) The roller R may be provided with an extracting means E to axially force said shaft parts in opposite directions, spacing the respective hub elements 12, 22 apart from each other and from the inner face 31 of the grinding shell 30 when dismounting the grinding shell 30 from the shaft parts 10, 20. With reference to FIG. 1, the extracting means E comprises a chamber C defined between the two hub elements 12, 22 and a duct 18 disposed through the shaft 10 having an opening to the exterior of the shaft part 10, so as to allow the selective pressurization of the chamber C through the duct 18.

(16) In FIG. 1, the end axial recess 24a of the guide receiving means 24 presents an axial extension larger than that of the respective end axial projection 14a of the guide means 14, so as to define the chamber C between the free end of said end axial projection 14a and the interior of the end axial recess 24a. The duct 18 allows the chamber C to be selectively pressurized to force the shaft parts 10, 20 in opposite axial directions away from their seated condition against the inner surface portions 31 of the grinding shell 30, for a replacement operation of the latter. The pressurization of the chamber C has the object of helping the axial displacement for releasing the two shaft parts 10, 20. The importance of this pressurization is greater the smaller the conicity of the frusto-conical portions 13, 23 and 31.

(17) To ensure a better sealing of the chamber C, sealing means 50 in the form of an O-ring in anti-friction metallic or elastomeric material is provided around the base portion 14b, actuating against the enlargement 24b of the end axial recess 24a. In this case, the annular sealing means 50 is mounted between the base portion 14b and the enlargement 24b.

(18) Considering that the bolts 41 can be provided through the chamber C, it is preferred that they be also disposed through sealing rings 47 lodged in the interior of the longitudinal through holes 15, so as to obtain a higher tightness to the annular gap defined between each bolt 41 and the opposite wall of the respective longitudinal through hole 15, as illustrated in FIG. 1A. In the illustrated construction, the second shaft part 10, i.e. the part that is not coupled to a motor unit (not shown), has at its end a plate 60, which can operate as an outer axial stop for the bearing M and which, in the embodiment of FIG. 1, is fastened to the adjacent shaft part 10 by means of the bolts 41.

(19) The exchange of a grinding shell will now be described with reference to the drawings, FIG. 1 to FIG. 3. Starting from a roller R fully assembled with the grinding shell 30 tightly mounted to the two frusto-conical shaft parts 10, 20, the frictional force, as described above, being induced by the force applied by the bolts 41 and nuts 46, pressing the shaft parts 10 towards the shaft part 20 applying a radial pressure onto the frusto-conical inner surfaces 31 of the grinding shell 30. Assuming that the grinding shell 30 has been worn out by normal operation of the roller grinder and has to be replaced, the shell will have to be replaced to ensure good grinding quality and to not risk damaging the roller grinder shaft.

(20) The disassembling is initiated by loosening and removing the nuts 46. The end plate 60, and optionally also the bearing M holding the shaft part 10, is/are removed. The bolts 41 are also removed by unscrewing them from the threaded hole 25 in the shaft part 20 to avoid damage to the bolts during the dismounting of the shaft part 10. The shaft part 10 is now free to be dismounted. It is, however, likely that the shaft part is still hard to remove axially due to frictional forces from the grinding shell 30 inner surfaces 31. The extraction means E is then useful to assist in the dismounting process. A pressurized fluid source (not shown) is connected to the duct 18 in the second shaft part 10, applying a pressure to the chamber C between the shaft parts 10, 20. The pressurization of the camber C will force the second shaft part 10 to move away from the first shaft part 20. The grinding shell 30 is then free to be removed and exchanged with a new one.

(21) The reassembling of the roller R is then naturally performed in the reverse manner compared to the disassembling process just described. The new grinding shell 30 is put onto the first shaft part 20 as far as the conical shapes of the shaft and the inner surface 31 of the grinding shell 30 allow. The second shaft part 10 is then put in place and pushed towards the first shaft part 20. The guide means 14 guide the second shaft part 10 into the axially aligned position by sliding into the receiving means 24 of the first shaft part 20. The bolts 41 are screwed back into the threading 25 of the first shaft part 20 and the bearing M, if dismounted from the second shaft part 10, is put back in place. The end plate 60 is slid onto the end parts of the bolts 41 and the assembly is properly tightened by tightening the nuts 46, to apply the correct radial pressure to the new grinding shell 30 from the shaft parts 10, 20, so that the grinding shell 30 will not move relative to the shaft parts 20, 21 during operation of the roller grinder.

(22) The skilled person realizes that the present invention by no means is limited to the preferred embodiments described above. On the contrary, many modifications and variations are possible within the scope of the appended claims.

(23) For instance, the conical shape of the shaft parts 10, 20 corresponding to the inner shape of the grinding shell 30, can be made in different ways. The frusto-conical parts 13, 23 of the shaft parts 10, 20 could have structures integrated along the radial direction such as, e.g., wedges, the grinding shell inner surfaces 31 then naturally having corresponding recesses. The shaft parts could also have cog-shaped structures along the radial direction of the frusto-conical parts 13, 23 of the shaft parts 10, 20.

(24) The coupling portions 40 that are forcing the shaft parts 10, 20 towards each other are in the described embodiment mechanical in the form of a gripping device 40 with bolts 41 and nuts 46. It should, however, be understood that the coupling device could also be pneumatic, hydraulic, magnetic, or any other form that is capable of forcing the two shaft parts 10, 20 together.

(25) The mechanical gripping device 40 could, e.g., be arranged in other ways. A protruding part of the shaft part 20 could, e.g., be arranged through the shaft part 10 having threads on the part that completely penetrates the shaft part 10 for fastening of a nut. The nut would then force the parts together in the same manner as in the embodiment of FIG. 1.

(26) An alternative embodiment of the grinder roller of the invention may be seen in FIG. 3. In this embodiment, details corresponding to the ones in the embodiment of FIG. 1 have been given the same reference numerals, but with the addition of 100. For the details indicated by reference letters, corresponding details in the embodiment of FIG. 3 are denoted by the same letter followed by a prime sign.

(27) As with the roller grinder R of FIG. 1, the roller grinder R of FIG. 3 has a shaft S made up of two shaft parts 110, 120. The shaft S carries a grinder shell 130. In contrast to the previously described embodiment, the first shaft part 120 and the second shaft part 110 do not reach all the way through the grinder shell 130 to be coupled directly to each other. Instead, an inner end portion 121 of the first shaft part 120 engages a first end portion 126 of the grinding shell 130 and an inner end portion 111 of the second shaft part 110 engages a second end portion 116 of the grinder shell 130. In this manner, the shaft parts 110, 120 are coupled to each other indirectly, via the grinding shell 130, thereby forming the shaft S of the grinder roller R. Hence, in this embodiment, the shaft S is not a single, continuous shaft. The shaft parts 110, 120 are coupled to the end portions 116, 126 of the grinding shell 130 by means of coupling portions 140 in the form of bolts with an inner engaging end portion 142 and an outer actuation end portion 143. The inner engaging end portion 142 of the respective bolt 140 is threaded into a corresponding hole 115 in the grinder shell 130. By tightening the bolts 140 the shaft portions 110, 120 are forced towards each other and into firm abutment against a frusto-conical inner surface portion 131 of a respective recess 117, 127 at the end portions 116, 126 of the grinding shell 130.

(28) When the grinding shell 130 has been worn by grinding work, it may be replaced. The bolts 140 are screwed out of the holes 115 in the grinding shell 130 and an extraction device E in the form of a jack arrangement 170 is used for forcing the shaft parts 110, 120 away from each other. As may been seen in FIG. 4, the inner end portions 111, 121 of the shaft parts 110, 120 are retracted out of the recesses 117, 127 in the end portions 116, 126 of the grinding shell 130. The jack arrangement 170 moves the bearing M on the left-hand side of the drawing with the first shaft part 120 away from the second shaft part 110, thereby completely releasing the grinding shell 130. The worn grinding shell 130 may now be removed and replaced by a new grinding shell. The worn grinding shell 130 may be discarded or, alternatively, renovated and provided with a new wear-resistant grinding surface.

(29) The jack arrangement 170 may also be used to force the shaft parts 110, 120 towards each other. Thus, an additional force holding the shaft parts 110, 120 and the grinding shell 130 together is provided.

(30) In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the grinding shell 130 is a hollow cylinder or sleeve. However, the grinding shell could also be a more or less solid cylinder, with the recesses 117, 127 only extending a short axial distance from the respective end portion 116, 126 into the grinding shell 130. Naturally, the length of the recesses may be adapted to any shape and dimensions of the inner end portions of the shaft parts.

(31) Variants corresponding to a hybrid between the grinding shell 130 of FIG. 1 and the grinding shell 130 of FIG. 3 could also be possible, wherein portions of the shaft parts resembling the inner end portions 111, 121 of the shaft parts 110, 120 of FIG. 3 are fastened in recesses resembling the recesses 117, 127 in FIG. 3 and wherein a shaft portion of smaller diameter of each shaft part extends further into the grinding shell, such that the inner ends of these smaller diameter shaft portions may be coupled to each other in a manner resembling the coupling in FIG. 1.

(32) According to one aspect, the invention could be defined in accordance with the following clauses.

(33) 1. A roller for a roller grinder, said roller comprising a shaft and a generally cylindrical grinding shell being supported by said shaft, wherein said grinder shell at each axial end has a recess and wherein said shaft comprises two shaft parts, each shaft part having a respective inner end portion, each inner end portion being arranged to be positioned in a respective recess of said grinder shell and said shaft parts have coupling portions arranged to couple said shaft parts to said grinding shell, thereby forming the shaft.

(34) 2. A roller as defined in clause 1, wherein the grinding shell is a generally tubular sleeve.

(35) 3. A roller as defined in clause 1, wherein the grinding shell is a generally solid cylinder, said recesses reaching only part-way along the axial length of said grinding shell.

(36) 4. A roller as defined in any one of the preceding clauses, wherein each shaft part comprises a hub element against which an inner surface of said recess is to be seated.

(37) 5. A roller as defined in clause 4, wherein each recess of said grinding shell has an inner surface portion having a frusto-conical shape corresponding to a frusto-conical shape of said hub elements, the inner surface portions of said recesses being arranged with a smaller base of the respective frusto-conical shape facing each other and a larger base of the respective frusto-conical shape facing away from each other.

(38) 6. A roller as defined in clause 5, wherein the larger base of the frusto-conical shape of the inner surface portions is arranged at the respective axial end of said grinding shell.

(39) 7. A roller as defined in any one of clauses 4-6, wherein the coupling portions may be arranged to axially force the hub elements towards each other, thereby pressing the hub elements against the inner surface of the recesses and retaining the grinding shell on the shaft formed by the two shaft parts.

(40) 8. A roller as defined in any one of the preceding clauses, wherein the coupling portion of at least one of the shaft parts comprises mechanical, pneumatic, hydraulic or magnetic coupling means.

(41) 9. A roller as defined in any one of the preceding clauses, wherein the coupling portion of at least one shaft part comprises bolts lodged in respective through holes provided in said at least one shaft part, each bolt having an engaging end portion defined by an end to be engaged in the grinding shell, and an actuation end portion defined by an opposite end, projecting outwardly from an end portion of said at least one shaft part.

(42) 10. A roller as defined in any one of the preceding clauses, further comprising an extracting device arranged to force the shaft parts axially away from each other for disassembling the shaft.

(43) 11. A roller as defined in clause 10, wherein said extracting device comprises a jack arrangement arranged to force the shaft parts away from each other in opposite axial directions.

(44) 12. A roller grinder for grinding materials such as minerals, comprising a roller as defined in any one of the preceding clauses.

(45) 13. A method for assembling a roller for a roller grinder comprising a shaft and a generally cylindrical grinding shell, wherein said grinder shell at each axial end has a recess and wherein said shaft comprises two shaft parts, said method comprising the steps of:

(46) engaging one of said shaft parts in one of said recesses,

(47) pushing the other shaft part into the other recess,

(48) releasably coupling said shaft parts to said grinding shell using coupling portions, the two shaft parts thereby forming the shaft.

(49) 14. A method as defined in clause 13, further comprising the axially forcing shaft parts towards each other and into said recesses using said coupling portions.

(50) 15. A method as defined in clause 14, further comprising the step of:

(51) axially forcing the shaft parts towards each other until inner surface portions with a frusto-conical shape of said recesses are seated against corresponding frusto-conical portions of said shaft parts, the inner surface portions of said recesses being arranged with a smaller base of the respective frusto-conical shape facing each other and a larger base of the respective frusto-conical shape facing away from each other.