Method and elevator arrangement

Abstract

A method in the manufacture of an elevator, in which is formed an elevator arrangement, which includes an elevator hoistway, at least one elevator unit to be moved in the elevator hoistway, said unit(s) including at least an elevator car, a movable supporting structure in the elevator hoistway above the elevator car, roping suspended from the supporting structure for supporting the aforementioned at least one elevator unit to be moved, in which method the following steps are performed: a) the elevator car is used to transport passengers and/or freight, after which b) the supporting structure is lifted in the elevator hoistway, after which c) the elevator car is used to transport passengers and/or freight. In the method, between steps a) and c), additionally a step x) is performed, in which the section of the roping is lifted, separately from the lifting of the supporting structure, higher up in the elevator hoistway. An elevator arrangement includes a movable diverting pulley separate from the supporting structure, supported by which diverting pulley the section of roping is arranged to be suspended.

Claims

1. A method in the manufacture of an elevator, in which is formed an elevator arrangement, the elevator comprising: an elevator hoistway, a first elevator unit to be moved in the elevator hoistway, said first elevator unit including at least an elevator car, a movable supporting structure in the elevator hoistway above the elevator car, roping suspended from the supporting structure for supporting the first elevator unit to be moved, said method comprising the steps of: a) using the elevator car to transport passengers or freight; b) after step a), lifting the supporting structure in the elevator hoistway; and c) after step b), using the elevator car to transport passengers or freight, wherein in the method between steps a) and b), a step x) is performed, the step x) comprising lifting a section of the roping separately from the lifting of the supporting structure higher up in the elevator hoistway, the section of the roping being supported by a structure separate from the supporting structure and positioned higher than the supporting structure in the elevator hoistway, wherein the roping passes the structure, travelling, on a first side of the structure, to suspend the elevator car, and travelling, on a second side, opposite to the first side, of the structure, to the supporting structure, and the roping, on the second side of the structure, is fixed to the supporting structure during the step b), wherein the elevator further comprises a second elevator unit to be moved in the elevator hoistway, and in the step x), the structure that is separate from the supporting structure is movably supported on a guide rail of the second elevator unit wherein the second elevator unit is a counterweight, and wherein the roping on the first side of the structure travels to suspend the elevator car by passing through a roping pulley attached to a top of the second elevator unit, and the roping on the second side of the structure travels to the supporting structure and then to a roping storage, the roping storage releasing roping during the step x) and the step b).

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein a cycle comprising the steps a), b) and c) is performed more than once, and some of the cycles or all of the cycles comprise the step x).

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein during step x), the support structure is stationary in its position in the vertical direction.

4. The method according to claim 2, wherein in step x), the section of the roping is lifted and is supported higher in the elevator hoistway.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein during the step x), the support structure is stationary in its position in the vertical direction.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step x), the section or the roping is lifted and supported higher in the elevator hoistway.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the structure separate from the supporting structure is a rope pulley.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step x), the section is lifted higher up in the elevator hoistway by being pulled upwards, by lifting the structure over where the section travels.

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the structure separate from the supporting structure is during step b) stationary in its position, supported in the elevator hoistway, on the guide rail of the counterweight.

10. The method according to claim 1, wherein for lifting the rope section, rope is released from a rope storage, to which the roping travels via an openable rope clamp.

11. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step x), the section is lifted higher up in the elevator hoistway by being pulled upwards.

12. The method according to claim 1, wherein the structure separate from the supporting structure is during step b) stationary in its position.

13. The method according to claim 1, wherein the roping on the first side of the structure is stationary with regard to the roping pulley attached to the top of the second elevator unit during the step x), and is moving with regard to the roping pulley attached to the top of the second elevator unit during the step b).

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

(1) The invention will now be described mainly in connection with its preferred embodiments, with reference to the attached drawings, wherein

(2) FIG. 1a diagrammatically presents an elevator arrangement, when the elevator car is in use to serve passengers and/or to transport freight.

(3) FIG. 1b diagrammatically presents an elevator arrangement, when the elevator car is removed from the aforementioned use and the section of roping is lifted.

(4) FIG. 1c diagrammatically presents an elevator arrangement, when the elevator car is removed from the aforementioned use and the supporting platform supporting it is lifted higher up in the elevator hoistway for changing the service range of the elevator car to reach higher up in the elevator hoistway.

(5) FIG. 2 presents a top view of the location of the center of mass when the supporting structure is lifted with a method according to prior art.

(6) FIG. 3 presents a top view of how with the method and the arrangement according to the invention the location of the center of mass of the supporting structure can be configured to be more advantageous than before.

(7) FIG. 4 presents an arrangement according to a second embodiment of the invention, in which the method is performed.

(8) FIG. 5 presents an arrangement according to a third embodiment of the invention, in which the method is performed in an elevator without counterweight.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(9) FIGS. 1a-1c present a first embodiment of the invention in different phases. FIG. 1a presents an elevator arrangement according to the invention, which arrangement is achieved by performing the phases of the method according to the invention in the manufacture of the elevator. An elevator arrangement is formed, which comprises an elevator hoistway, elevator units (1 and 2), inter alia an elevator car 1, to be moved in the elevator hoistway, a movable supporting structure 3 in the elevator hoistway above the elevator car 1 and roping 5 suspended from the supporting structure 3 and traveling over a rope pulley 4 supported on the supporting structure 3 for supporting the aforementioned at least one elevator unit to be moved. In the method the elevator car (1) is used (phase a) to transport passengers and/or freight, in which case the elevator car 1 moves in the elevator hoistway S between floor landings. Meanwhile the elevator hoistway S, or the elevator otherwise, can be constructed above the supporting structure 3, e.g. above the supporting structure the guide rails 15 of the elevator can be installed by stacking the guide rails as an extension of the guide rail line, guided by which guide rail line the elevator car 1 below the supporting structure 3 travels. After this the elevator car 1 is removed from the aforementioned use. FIG. 1b presents a phase of the method, in which the elevator car 1 is removed from the aforementioned use. After removal of the elevator car 1 from use, the section A of the roping 5 is lifted (phase x) higher up in the elevator hoistway S when the supporting structure 3 is stationary in its vertical position, preferably supported in its position by the aid of the means t or alternatively other means (e.g. a hoisting device). After this the supporting structure 3 is lifted higher up in the elevator hoistway S (phase b). Thus the service range of the elevator car 1 is changed to reach higher up in the elevator hoistway S. In phase x, therefore, the section (A, A, A) of the roping 5 is lifted, separately from the lifting of the supporting structure 3 (phase b), which means that two lifting procedures are performed. Preferably the lifts b and x occur one after the other, in which case preferably the same hoisting apparatus (e.g. a hoist 20 and a hoisting means 21) are utilized in the lifts x and b. If the need arises, the lifts could however be performed simultaneously, e.g. by the aid of two hoisting arrangements. In the solution presented, at least a section of the roping 5 suspended from the supporting structure 3 rises along with in phase b. When the supporting structure 3 has been lifted (phase b) and phase x has been performed, the elevator car 1 is taken back into the aforementioned use and the elevator car 1 is again used to transport passengers and/or freight (phase c). In phase x the section A of roping 5 is preferably supported to be suspended in the elevator hoistway S from the structure (7, 7, 7) that is separate from the supporting structure 3. In this way at least an essential part of the weight of the rope section A is supported separately from the supporting structure 3 at least during the lifting of the supporting structure 3. The aforementioned structure that is separate from the supporting structure is preferably after phase x higher up than the supporting structure 3, in which case in phase b subsequent to phase x the supporting structure can be lifted closer to the support of the section A. With separate lifts of the section A of the roping 5 and of the supporting structure, the weight that needs to be lifted at one time in the lifting of the supporting structure 3 is less than before. In the method the phase cycle a, b, c can be performed more than once, in which case with a plurality of lifts the service range of the elevator car can be brought to reach to the desired height. Not all of the cycles must necessarily comprise a phase x, because the lifting height of phase x can be greater than the lifting height of phase b, in which case it can if necessary be omitted from some of the cycles. Phase x is performed before phase b, but advantages can also be achieved if these two phases are performed in the reverse sequence, with the method remaining the same in other respects.

(10) The supporting structure 3 is movable, i.e. the elevator arrangement (most preferably the supporting structure 3 itself, as is presented in the figures) comprises means t for the vertical support of the supporting structure 3 in its position in the elevator hoistway S, which means can be moved between a state supporting the supporting structure 3 in its position in the vertical direction and a state not supporting it in its position in the vertical direction. This can be implemented in some manner according to prior art. In the state supporting the supporting platform 3 in its position they can e.g. rest (in the vertical direction) preferably supported by the guide rails 15 comprised in the elevator (the guide rails 15 of the elevator car 1 are marked in FIG. 1 by way of reference, and for the sake of clarity with a dashed line). Thus after the lifting of the supporting structure 3, the supporting structure 3 is arranged to be supported in its position in the elevator hoistway S by locking it to be supported in the vertical direction by the guide rails 15. Alternatively the means t can support the supporting structure 3 in its position in the supporting state (in the vertical direction) resting on some other structure installed in the elevator hoistway or on a structure of the elevator hoistway itself. In the aforementioned state not supporting it in position the means t do not hamper the vertical transfer of the supporting platform in the hoistway. The means t can be grippers to be manually tightened to the guide rails, or they can be means movable between an extended and retracted position in the lateral direction, as are known in the art.

(11) The matters presented above are implemented, in addition to FIGS. 1a-1c, also in the case of the second embodiment presented in FIG. 4 and in the third embodiment presented in FIG. 5, although the embodiments in question are described with only one figure.

(12) As presented in FIGS. 1a-1c, the elevator arrangement is preferably such that the aforementioned roping 5 hangs from the supporting structure 3, functioning as suspension roping, hanging preferably supported by a rope pulley system supported on the supporting structure 3, the rope pulley 4 of which rope pulley system can be the traction sheave of the hoisting machine. The roping 5 is, in the solution presented, connected to the elevator car 1 and to the counterweight 2 such that when the elevator car moves upwards, the counterweight moves downwards, and vice versa. The elevator arrangement further comprises roping 5 traveling over a rope pulley 4 supported on the supporting structure 3, the roping 5 on the first side of the rope pulley 4 of which supporting structure 3 supports a first elevator unit 1 and is supported on a first rope clamp 8, and the roping 5 on the second side of the aforementioned rope pulley 4 supports a second elevator unit 2 and is supported on a second rope clamp 9.

(13) Preferably, as presented in the figures, the roping 5 is connected to at least the second elevator unit 2 via the rope pulley 6, to travel from the rope pulley 4 of the supporting structure downwards to the diverting pulley 6 connected to the second elevator unit 2, under it and back upwards to the rope clamp 9. In phase x the rope section A between the aforementioned diverting pulley 6 of the second elevator unit 2 and the rope clamp 9 is lifted in the elevator hoistway S and the rope section A in question is supported to be suspended in the elevator hoistway S from a structure 7, which is preferably a diverting pulley, that is higher than the supporting structure 3 and separate from the supporting structure 3. In this way at least an essential part of the weight of the rope section A is supported by the structure 7 that is separate from the supporting structure 3. In phase x the section A is lifted higher up in the elevator hoistway S by pulling it upwards, preferably by lifting the structure 7 in question, i.e. here the rope pulley 7, over which the section A travels. The structure 7 is for this purpose preferably movable, i.e. detachably supported/supportable in its position. In this case the structure can be e.g. in its position with a bolt fastening. One advantage, among others, of a rope pulley being the structure 7 is that the rope lengths match simply and the lifting force can be simply exerted on a point between the ends of the roping. Preferably the rope pulley 7 is supported in phase x on a guide rail of a moving elevator unit of the elevator, more particularly as an extension of the guide rail line, guided by which guide rail line the elevator car 1 below the supporting structure 3 is configured to travel. The roping 5 is preferably arranged to hang in the vertical direction in the elevator hoistway, and in phase x the lifting force is exerted on the top part of the roping 5, preferably on the apex of the aforementioned section A, which apex is higher than the supporting structure 3. Preferably the lifting force is exerted on a point of the section A of the roping 5, which point is between the rope clamps 8,9. The rope pulley 7 is preferably during phase x stationary in its position, preferably supported in its position, preferably on a guide rail 14 of the counterweight. One advantage, among others, is that in this case the section of roping 5 stays away from the support of the guide rails of the elevator car. The arrangement is left as a conclusion to phase x preferably in a configuration wherein the roping 5 on the first side of the rope pulley 7 travels down to the elevator unit 2 and the roping 5 on the second side of the rope pulley 7 travels to the supporting structure 3, and is fixed to it/has been fixed to it at least during phase b. This is implemented in such a way that at least during phase b the weight of the part of the roping hanging on the first side of the rope pulley of the roping pulls the part of the roping hanging on the second side of the rope pulley 7, and thus the supporting structure 3, upwards. In this way the force needed for a lift to be performed later in phase/phases b is appreciably reduced. In practice this can be implemented e.g. as presented, such that the roping 5 on the second side of the rope pulley 7 travels to the supporting structure 3, to a rope clamp 9, which is supported on the supporting structure 3, which rope clamp 9 at least during phase b is kept closed. Also during the aforementioned use the rope clamp 9 is closed, as is also the rope clamp 8

(14) Preferably the rope going from the car to the counterweight and the rope coming from the diverting pulley 7 are on the same vertical line. In this way e.g. in a sudden stop of the elevator (car grips or drives onto a buffer) the counterweight jumps up and comes down, in which case an impact load is exerted on the structure via the ropes of the counterweight. Owing to the system the same force is exerted on the supporting structure both upwards and downwards, thus cancelling each other out.

(15) The roping 5 comprises a first end and a second end, and the aforementioned section A is the section of roping 5 between the first end and the second end. At least one of the ends is in the rope supply storage, to which the rope travels via a rope clamp. For lifting the aforementioned rope section A rope is released from the rope storage, to which the roping rising from the rope pulley 7 of the second elevator unit travels via a rope clamp 9.

(16) The actual lifting of the support structure 3 can be performed e.g. in some manner known in the art. Preferably before the lifting of the supporting structure 3, a support arrangement is supported on the top ends of the guide rails of the elevator car 1, which top ends extend to essentially above the supporting platform 3. At the latest after this the elevator car 1 is removed from the aforementioned use. After this the supporting platform 3 is taken onto the support of the hoisting arrangement 20,21 and the rope clamp 9 and/or 8 is released, and the vertical support of the supporting platform 3 is released, i.e. the means t are shifted into the state not supporting the supporting platform 3 in its position in the vertical direction. In the lifting the supporting platform 3 is pulled with a hoist 20 to higher up in the elevator hoistway 1, preferably taking the vertical support force needed for the lifting from the guide rails with the support arrangement on which the hoist 20 (not presented) is supported. Preferably at least most, preferably essentially all, the vertical support force needed for the lift is taken from the aforementioned guide rails. After being taken out of use the elevator car 1 can preferably be supported on the supporting platform 3 via a suspension member 19, in which case it rises along with the supporting platform 3. This is not however necessary, but instead the car 1 could also be stationary in its position during the lift. During the lifting of the supporting platform, rope is released from the rope storage 13 of the roping 5. When the supporting platform 3 has been lifted to its target height, the means t are shifted into the state supporting the supporting platform 3 in its position in the vertical direction, the rope clamps 8, 9 are fixed, and the elevator car 1 is taken back into the aforementioned use.

(17) FIGS. 2 and 3 illustrate one advantage of the invention, namely the freer selection than before of the location of the center of mass during the lift. FIG. 2 presents the center of mass c of the supporting structure during a lift in a case according to prior art, wherein all the roping, including the ropes on the counterweight side, hang during the lift from one supporting structure alone. The center of mass is aside from the center point of the elevator car. FIG. 3 presents the location of the centers of mass c and c. The center of mass c is the center of mass during the lifting of the supporting structure and c is the center of mass of the structure 7. By the aid of the structure 7 the center of mass of the supporting structure can be displaced, e.g. to the center point of the elevator car.

(18) The method according to the invention can be used in different types of elevators. FIG. 5 illustrates how the method can be utilized in an elevator without counterweight. Likewise the lifting force in phase x can be exerted on a section of roping 5, which is other than a section of roping running from an elevator unit to a rope clamp, as is illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 5. In the solutions in question, the rope pulley 7, 7, over which the section A, A of roping between the elevator units 1 and 2 travels and which is otherwise supported on the supporting structure 3, is lifted and thus roping 5 is pulled from the rope supply storage 13. After this the supporting platform 3 is lifted, during which time the rope pulley 7, 7 is supported separately from the supporting platform, e.g. supported on the counterweight guide rails (not presented).

(19) Compensating roping has also been drawn in FIGS. 1a-1c, the presence of which is not essential from the viewpoint of the operation of the invention. In the figures, a shaded rope clamp describes a rope clamp in the closed position and unshaded a rope clamp in the open position.

(20) It is obvious to the person skilled in the art that in developing the technology the basic concept of the invention can be implemented in many different ways. The invention and the embodiments of it are not therefore limited to the examples described above, but instead they may be varied within the scope of the claims.