Devices for bonding parts to be joined

Abstract

A device is provided for producing a bonded joint between fiber-reinforced thermoplastic parts to be joined, in which fiber-containing plastic material is mixed into the joining zone while friction stir welding the parts to be joined in the form of a butt joint.

Claims

1. A device, comprising: a welding tool including a rotatable friction shoulder configured to heat parts to be joined in a joining zone; a rotatable stirring pin configured to intermix plasticized material, the rotatable stirring pin including a rotatable counter bracket forming a plate-like head section of the rotatable stirring pin, and the rotatable counter bracket configured to support the parts to be joined each on a side facing away from the rotatable friction shoulder; and a feed device configured to supply fiber-containing plastic material into the joining zone, wherein the rotatable friction shoulder is further configured to: heat the fiber-containing plastic material above its melting temperature, rub the fiber-containing plastic material into the joining zone, be intermittently lifted relative to the joining zone to superficially discontinuously supply the fiber-containing plastic material to the joining zone between the friction shoulder and the parts to be joined, and when approaching the joining zone, mix the fiber-containing plastic material with the parts to be joined.

2. The device of claim 1, wherein the feed device includes an inner channel integrated into the welding tool and leading out of the rotatable friction shoulder on a face thereof.

3. The device of claim 1, wherein the feed device includes an inner channel integrated into the welding tool and radially extending from the rotatable stirring pin.

4. The device of claim 1, further comprising a heat source configured to pre-heat the joining zone.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) Preferred exemplary embodiments of the invention are described in greater detail below with reference to highly simplified schematic drawings. In these drawings:

(2) FIG. 1 shows a first exemplary embodiment of an inventive device and an inventive method for producing a bonded joint between two parts to be joined;

(3) FIG. 2 shows a lifting motion of a friction shoulder illustrated in FIG. 1;

(4) FIG. 3 shows an inventive joining seam; and

(5) FIG. 4 shows a second exemplary embodiment of an inventive device and an inventive method for producing a bonded joint between two parts to be joined.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(6) FIG. 1 shows a first device 1 and a first method for bonding two parts to be joined 2, 4 into a component.

(7) The parts to be joined 2, 4 are positioned in the form of a butt joint and form a joining zone 10 with their opposing and contacting body sections 6, 8. For example, the parts to be joined 2, 4 form skin panels for aircraft fuselages that need to be joined to one another. The parts to be joined 2, 4 consist of fiber-reinforced laminates with a plurality of fiber structures such as non crimp fiber fabrics, woven fiber fabrics, prepregs and the like that are arranged in a layered fashion and embedded in a thermoplastic matrix. The fibers of the fiber structures consist of carbon fibers, glass fibers, aramid fibers and the like that are realized in the form of long fibers.

(8) The device 1 has a friction stir tool 12 with a friction shoulder 14 and with a stirring pin 16. The friction shoulder 14 and the stirring pin 16 are able to rotate in the same direction about a vertical tool axis z. However, their rotational speeds may vary such that the number of revolutions of the friction shoulder 14 differs from the number of revolutions of the stirring pin 16. The friction shoulder 14 and the stirring pin 16 have a smooth face or circumferential surface that, however, could also be realized rough with elevations and depressions. For example, the stirring pin 16 is realized in a thread-like fashion in order to improve the stirring effect and the intermixing of the plasticized body sections 6, 8. In addition, the friction stir tool 12 and, in particular, the friction shoulder 14 can be displaced along the vertical tool axis z such that the friction shoulder 14 can be spaced apart from the joining zone 10 and carry out a lifting motion that is schematically illustrated in FIG. 2 during the displacement in the longitudinal direction x of the joining zone 10. The stirring pin 16 has a length that corresponds to the thickness or dimension of the body sections 6, 8 along the vertical tool axis z.

(9) In order to support the parts to be joined 2, 4 on their side that faces away from the friction shoulder 14, the friction stir tool 12 is in this exemplary embodiment realized in the form of a so-called Bobbin-Tool with a rotating counter bracket 18 that forms a plate-like head section of the stirring pin 16. Alternatively, the parts to be joined 2, 4 may be positioned on a corresponding support.

(10) The device 1 also has a feed device 20 for supplying fiber-containing plastic material 22. The feed device 22 allows a continuous and steady supply of the fused plastic material 22. In order to increase the temperature within the joining zone 10, the feed device 20 may cooperate with a not-shown heater for heating the plastic material 22 above its melting temperature.

(11) The plastic material 22 consists of a liquid or free-flowing thermosetting plastic matrix or thermoplastic matrix with a plurality of shred-like carbon fibers, glass fibers or aramid fibers embedded therein. In order to achieve a strength comparable to that of long fibers, the fibers may have a roughened surface or respectively feature interlocking serrations or barbs.

(12) The device 1 also features a heat source 24 for pre-heating the joining zone 10 to a temperature slightly below a melting temperature of the thermoplastic matrix by means of thermal radiation 26.

(13) In an inventive method, the parts to be joined 2, 4 are welded to one another in the form of a butt joint by means of friction stir welding, wherein the fiber-containing plastic material 22 is mixed into the joining zone 10 as indicated with the spiral line in FIG. 1. This results in the formation of a joining seam 28 that is illustrated in FIG. 3 and characterized by a high seam strength, as well as a slight thickening in the region of the friction shoulder 14 due to the additional plastic material 22. The fiber-containing plastic material causes a continuation of the structural properties and material properties of the parts to be joined 2, 4 beyond the joining seam 28 such that the joined component shows no or almost no structural or material weakening in the region of the joining seam 28.

(14) The parts to be joined 2, 4 are arranged in the form of a butt joint and the joining zone 10 is pre-heated to a temperature that lies at least close to the melting temperature of the thermoplastic matrix of the parts to be joined 2, 4 by means of the heat source 24. The friction stir tool 12 is activated and the friction shoulder 14 and the stirring pin 16 are set in rotation. The stirring pin 16 is inserted into the joining zone 10 between the parts to be joined 2, 4 and the friction shoulder 14 is pressed against the body sections 6, 8 in the direction of the longitudinal tool axis z with a pressure P. The friction of the friction shoulder 14 on the body sections 6, 8 creates frictional heat that is introduced into the joining zone 10 and causes the body sections 6, 8 to plasticize in combination with the radiant heat of the heat source 24 and the material heat of the plastic material 22, wherein these plasticized body sections are then intermixed by means of the stirring pin 16. The friction stir tool 12 is moved in the longitudinal direction x of the joining zone 10 and the joining seam 10 is hereby formed.

(15) According to the invention, the fiber-containing plastic material 22 is supplied into the joining zone 10, wherein the plastic material 22 is superficially supplied to the joining zone 6 underneath the friction shoulder 14 referred to the direction of the vertical tool axis z in order to reliably mix the plastic material 22. For this purpose, at least the friction shoulder 14 carries out a lifting motion along the longitudinal tool axis z such that the friction shoulder 14 is intermittently spaced apart from the joining zone 10 and the plastic material 22 can be superficially supplied to the joining zone 10 underneath the friction shoulder 14. When the friction shoulder 14 is lowered, the superficial plastic material 22 is rubbed into the joining zone 10, as well as mixed with the plasticized body sections 6, 8 by means of the stirring pin 16 and therefore uniformly distributed over the entire joining zone cross section and consequently over the entire joining seam cross section. A discontinuous supply of the plastic material 22 takes place because the plastic material 22 is always supplied when the friction shoulder 14 is spaced apart from the joining zone 10.

(16) After the displacement of the welding tool, the previously formed section of the joining zone 10 cools off. When using a thermoplastic material 22, the joining zone 10 solidifies and a subsequent treatment such as a heat-pressure treatment is not required. When using a thermosetting plastic material 22, a subsequent heat-pressure treatment is carried out, e.g., in an autoclave in order to cure the joining zone 10.

(17) In an alternative variation of the device and the method that is schematically illustrated in FIG. 4, fiber-containing plastic material 22 is continuously supplied during the motion of a welding tool 12 in the longitudinal direction x of the joining zone 10. A lifting motion of the friction shoulder 14 is not required. In this exemplary embodiment, the rotating welding tool 12 or the rotating friction shoulder 14 therefore is continuously guided over the joining zone 10 in the longitudinal direction x and exerts a pressure P during this process, wherein the plastic material 22 is mixed with the plasticized material 6, 8 by means of the stirring pin 16. For this purpose, the welding tool 12 features a supply channel of a not-shown feed device 20 that is realized in the form of an inner channel 30 and leads out of the friction shoulder 14 on the face thereof, wherein the fiber-containing plastic material 22 is supplied to the joining zone 6 through this feed channel. The inner channel 30 leading out of the friction shoulder 14 extends coaxial to the vertical tool axis z and annularly encompasses the stirring pin 16 in the outlet region.

(18) In a variation of the device that can be easily manufactured, the inner channel 30 is realized in the form of a through-bore that extends parallel to the stirring pin 16 and has a circular cross section. The inner channel 28 may also have a lunulate cross section, an arcuate cross section and the like that partially encompasses the stirring pin 16.

(19) The inner channel 30 may alternatively or additionally extend into the stirring pin 16 and laterally lead out of this stirring pin in the form of at least one radial opening such that the plastic material 22 is not supplied to the joining zone 10 superficially, but rather between the parts to be joined 2, 4.

(20) Disclosed is a method for producing a bonded joint between fiber-reinforced thermoplastic parts to be joined, in which fiber-containing plastic material is mixed into the joining zone while friction stir welding the parts to be joined in the form of a butt joint, as well as a device for carrying out such a method and a thusly joined component.