PLANETARY GEAR TRAIN AUTOMATIC LIMITED SLIP DIFFERENTIAL

Abstract

A planetary gear train automatic limited slip differential may consist of a main differential, a planetary gear train differential controller, a left axle shaft, a right axle shaft, and a clutch. The planetary gear train differential controller may be composed of a first planetary gear train differential controller unit and a second planetary gear train differential controller unit. The first planetary gear train differential controller unit may be composed of a first planetary gear train and a first overrunning clutch connected to the first planetary gear train. The second planetary gear train differential controller unit may be composed of a second planetary gear train and a second overrunning clutch connected to the second planetary gear train.

Claims

1. A planetary gear train automatic limited slip differential, consisting of a main differential, a planetary gear train differential controller, a left axle shaft, a right axle shaft, and a clutch; wherein the planetary gear train differential controller is composed of a first planetary gear train differential controller unit and a second planetary gear train differential controller unit; the first planetary gear train differential controller unit being composed of a first planetary gear train and a first overrunning clutch connected to the first planetary gear train, and the second planetary gear train differential controller unit being composed of a second planetary gear train and a second overrunning clutch connected to the second planetary gear train; the planetary gear train differential controller being arranged at the right axle shaft at the right side of the main differential; the clutch being composed of a left clutch and a right clutch, and the left clutch and the right clutch are coupled together by jaws or disengaged from each other; an inner ring of each of the first overrunning clutch and the second overrunning clutch and the left clutch being connected into a whole by splines, and the right clutch and the right axle shaft are connected together by a spline; wherein the first planetary gear train differential controller unit is configured to control a rotational speed of a right wheel to be not lower than a set minimum rotational speed n.sub.min, and the second planetary differential controller unit is configured to control a rotational speed of the right wheel to be not higher than a set maxi rum rotational speed n.sub.max; the first planetary gear train including a first support, a first large sun gear, a first planetary gear, a first small sun gear, and a first planet carrier; the second planetary gear train including a second support, a second large sun gear, a second planetary gear, a second small sun gear, and a second planet carrier; wherein the first large sun gear and the first support are connected together by a bolt; wherein the first support is connected to a main differential mechanism housing by a bolt; wherein the first small sun gear is fixed to an axle housing by a bolt; wherein the first planet carrier and the second planet carrier are connected into a whole by a spline hollow shaft: wherein the second planet carrier and an outer ring of the first overrunning clutch are connected into a whole by a bolt; wherein the inner ring of the first overrunning clutch and an input end of the clutch are connected together by a spline so as to control the rotational speed of the right wheel to be not lower than the set minimum rotational speed n.sub.min; wherein the second small sun gear is fixed to the axle housing by a bolt; wherein the second large sun gear and the second support are connected together by a bolt; wherein the second support and an outer ring of the second overrunning clutch are connected into a Whole by a bolt; and wherein the inner ring of the second overrunning clutch and the input end of the clutch are connected together by a spline so as to control the rotational speed of the right wheel to be not higher than the set maximum rotational speed n.sub.max.

2. The planetary gear train automatic limited slip differential according to claim 1, wherein the clutch is arranged at the outside of the second overrunning clutch; wherein the left clutch is used as the input end of the clutch for controlling the rotational speed; wherein the right clutch is used as the output end of the clutch for controlling the rotational speed; and wherein, during reversing, the left clutch and the right clutch are separated from each other, and are disengaged from the planetary gear train differential controller.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a planetary gear train automatic limited slip differential in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0016] FIG. 2 is an operating schematic diagram of a planetary gear train automatic limited slip differential in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0017] FIG. 3 is diagram of variation curves of rotational speeds of a left wheel and a right wheel controlled by a planetary gear train automatic limited slip differential in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0018] FIG. 4 is a structural diagram (physical model) of a planetary gear train automatic limited slip differential in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0019] FIG. 5 is a structural diagram (physical model) of a fixing of a small sun gear of a planetary gear train in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0020] FIG. 6 is a structure diagram (physical model) of a first planetary gear train in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0021] FIG. 7 is a structure diagram (physical model) of a second planetary gear train accordance with the present disclosure.

[0022] FIG. 8 is a structure diagram (physical model) of a first support in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0023] FIG. 9 is a structure diagram (physical model) of a second support in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0024] FIG. 10 is a structure diagram of a clutch in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0025] FIG. 11 is a front view of a first support in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0026] FIG. 12 is a sectional view along A-A in FIG. 11.

[0027] FIG. 13 is a front view of a first large sun gear in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0028] FIG. 14 is a sectional view along A-A in FIG. 13.

[0029] FIG. 15 is a front view of a first planetary gear in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0030] FIG. 16 is a sectional view along A-A in FIG. 15.

[0031] FIG. 17 is a front view of a first small sun gear in accordance with tyre present disclosure.

[0032] FIG. 18 is a sectional view along A-A in FIG. 17.

[0033] FIG. 19 is a front view of a first planet carrier in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0034] FIG. 20 is a sectional view along A-A in FIG. 19.

[0035] FIG. 21 is a structure diagram of a hollow spindle in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0036] FIG. 22 is a front view of a second large sun gear in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0037] FIG. 23 is a sectional view along A-A in FIG. 22.

[0038] FIG. 24 is a front view of a second planetary gear in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0039] FIG. 25 is a sectional view along A-A in FIG. 24.

[0040] FIG. 26 is a front view of a second small sun gear in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0041] FIG. 27 is a sectional view along A-A in FIG. 26.

[0042] FIG. 28 is a front view of a second planet carrier in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0043] FIG. 29 is a sectional view along A-A in FIG. 28.

[0044] FIG. 30 is a front view of a second support in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0045] FIG. 31 is a sectional view along A-A in FIG. 30.

[0046] FIG. 32 is a front view of a first overrunning clutch in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0047] FIG. 33 is a left view (sectional view) of a first overrunning clutch in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0048] FIG. 34 is a front view of a second overrunning clutch in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0049] FIG. 35 is a left view (sectional view) of a second overrunning clutch in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0050] FIG. 36 is a structure diagram of a left clutch (of the clutch) in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0051] FIG. 37 is a structure diagram of a right clutch (of the clutch) in accordance with the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0052] The following further describes the embodiments of the present disclosure with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0053] As shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 37, where FIG. 4 to FIG. 10 are reference diagrams of physical models of main parts in accordance with the present disclosure. A planetary gear train automatic limited slip differential provided by the present disclosure is composed of five parts: a main differential, a planetary gear train differential controller, a left axle shaft 3-1, a right axle shaft 4-1, and a clutch, and is suitable for various sizes of wheeled vehicles equipped with differentials.

[0054] The main differential 1 and a symmetric bevel gear differential in the prior art in have the same principle but different structures. The main differential is mainly composed of a differential housing 1-1 connected to a driving bevel gear and a driven bevel gear, a pin shaft 1-2, a planetary gear 1-3, a left axle shaft gear 1-4, a right axle shaft gear 1-5 and other parts, the differential housing 1-1 and the pin shaft 1-2 are connected together by a bolt, the planetary gear 1-3 is installed on the pin shaft 1-2, and the planetary gear 1-3 is symmetrically and normally meshed with the left axle shaft gear 1-4 and the right axle shaft gear 1-5. Inner splines are arranged at the inner holes of the left axle shaft gear 1-4 and the right axle shaft gear 1-5, and a respectively connected to outer splines of the left axle Shaft 3-1 and the right axle shaft 4-1.

[0055] The planetary gear train differential controller is arranged at the right side of the main differential. On the right axle shaft, the planetary gear train differential controller is composed of two planetary gear train differential controller units which are defined as a first planetary gear train differential controller unit and a second planetary gear train differential controller unit. The first planetary gear train differential controller unit is composed of a first planetary gear train and a first overrunning clutch connected to the first planetary gear train; and the second planetary gear train differential controller unit is composed of a second planetary gear train and a second overrunning clutch connected to the second planetary gear train.

[0056] The first planetary gear train comprises a first support 2-1, a first large sun gear 2-2, a first planetary gear 2-3 a first small sun gear 2-4, and a first planet carrier 2-5. The second planetary gear train comprises a second support 2-13, a second large sun gear 2-9, a second planetary gear 2-10, a second small sun gear 2-11, and a second planet carrier 2-12.

[0057] The first support 2-1 and the main differential housing 1-1 are connected together by a bolt, the first large sun gear 2-2 is fixed to the first support 2-1 by a bolt, and the first small sun gear 2-4 is fixed to an axle housing by a bolt 2-7. The first planet carrier 2-5 and the second planet carrier 2-12 are connected into a whole by a spline hollow shaft 2-6, the second planet carrier 2-12 and an outer ring of the first overruling clutch 2-14 are connected into a whole by a bolt, and the rotational speed is n.sub.min. An inner ring of the first overrunning clutch 2-14 and a left clutch 5-1 are connected together by a spline, and a right clutch 5-2 and the right axle shaft 4 are connected together by a spline. When the clutch is in a connected state, the rotational speed of the inner ring of the first overrunning clutch 2-14 and the rotational speeds of the right axle shaft 4 and the wheel are n.sub.2, at the moment, when the rotational speed n.sub.2 of the inner ring of the first overrunning clutch 2-14 is greater than the rotational speed n.sub.min of the outer ring, the first overrunning clutch 2-14 is in an overrunning state, and the inner ring and the outer ring do not affect each other. When the rotational speed n.sub.2 of the inner ring of the first overrunning clutch is less than or equal to the rotational speed n.sub.min of the outer ring, the first overrunning clutch 2-14 is in a wedging state, the inner ring and the outer ring of the first overrunning clutch rotate together at the rotational speed of n.sub.min, thereby achieving the purpose of limiting the rotational speed n.sub.2 to be not lower than the rotational speed The second small sun gear 2-11 is fixed to the axle housing by a bolt 2-8, the second large sun gear 2-9 and the second support 2-13 are connected together by a bolt, and the second support 2-13 an outer ring of the second overrunning clutch 2-15 are connected into a whole by a bolt, and the rotational speed is n.sub.max. An inner ring of the second overrunning clutch 2-15 and the left clutch 5-1 are connected together by a spline, and the right clutch 5-2 and the right axle shaft 4 are connected together by a spline. When the clutch is in a connected state, the rotational speed of the inner ring of the second overrunning clutch 2-15 and the rotational speeds of the right axle shaft 4 and the wheel are n.sub.2, at the moment, when the rotational speed n.sub.2 of the inner ring of the second overrunning clutch 2-15 is less than the rotational speed n.sub.max of the outer ring, the second clutch 2-15 is in an overrunning state, and the inner ring and the outer ring do not affect each other. When the rotational speed n.sub.2 of the inner ring of the second overrunning clutch 2-15 is greater than or equal to the rotational speed n.sub.max of the outer ring, the second overrunning clutch is in a wedging state, the inner ring and the outer ring of the second overrunning clutch rotate together at the rotational speed of n.sub.max, thereby achieving the purpose of limiting the rotational speed n.sub.2 to be not greater than the rotational speed n.sub.max.

[0058] In accordance with the present disclosure, the rotational speeds of the left and right wheels are controlled, by the two planetary gear train differential controller units, to be limited within a designed allowable differential speed range from n.sub.min to n.sub.max, thereby achieving the purpose of automatic limited slip.

[0059] In accordance with the present disclosure, when the rotational speed of the outer ring of the first overrunning clutch 2-14 is less than that of the inner ring, the first overrunning clutch is in an overrunning state, and when the rotational speed of the outer ring of the first overrunning clutch is greater than or equal to that of the inner ring, the first overrunning clutch is in a wedging state. When the rotational speed of the outer ring of the second overrunning clutch 2-15 is greater than that of the inner ring, the second overrunning clutch is in an overrunning state, and when the rotational speed of the outer ring of the second overrunning clutch is less than or equal to that of the inner ring, the second overrunning clutch is in a wedging state.

[0060] The input end 5-1 of the clutch and the output end 5-2 of the clutch are connected together by jaws, and the inner side of the output end 5-2 of the clutch is provided with a spline, such that the clutch may be slidingly sleeved outside the right axle shaft; when a vehicle is in reverse, a shift fork ring is shifted to enable the output end 5-2 of the clutch to slide along the right axle shaft 4-1, and the connected jaws of the input end 5-1 of the clutch to the output end 5-2 of the clutch are separated, such that the first overrunning clutch 2-14 and the second overrunning clutch 2-15 are disengaged from the right axle shaft to achieve normal reverse running of the vehicle.

[0061] In accordance with the present disclosure, FIG. 11 to FIG. 37 are structure diagrams (two-dimensional line plots) of main parts in accordance with the present disclosure to further express the present disclosure intuitively.

[0062] The working principle of the present disclosure is described as follows.

[0063] The working principle of the planetary gear train automatic limited slip differential is as shown in FIG. 2, The working principle of the main differential in the present disclosure is the same as that of a conventional differential. The power of an engine is input to the main differential by means of a gearbox, and the power of the main differential is divided into two paths, one path of power is distributed to the left axle shaft and the right axle shaft by means of the planetary gear to drive the vehicle to run normally, while the other path of power is input into a planetary gear train differential controller unit by means of the differential housing 0. In a case of the normal differential speed, the planetary gear train differential controller unit spins without consuming the power, and only in a case that the wheel slip exceeds the normal differential speed range, the controller may play a role in controlling the rotational speed.

[0064] The following will describe the working principle of the differential in detail with reference to FIG. 2 and FIG. 3.

[0065] The rotational speed of the main differential satisfies an expression: n.sub.1+n.sub.2=2n.sub.0

[0066] The first planetary gear train differential controller unit has a speed ratio relationship as follows:

[00001]$\frac{n_5-n_H}{n_3-n_H}=-\frac{Z_3}{Z_5},$

setting that

[00002]$\alpha =\frac{z_3}{z_5},$

[0067] due to the fact that a gear 3 is fixed to an axle housing and a gear 5 and a differential planet carrier are connected into a whole, n.sub.3=0 and n.sub.S=n.sub.0, then

[00003]$n_H-\frac{1}{1+\alpha }.Math.n_0$

[0068] The second planetary gear train differential controller unit has a speed ratio relationship as follows:

[00004]$\frac{n_6-n_H}{n_5-n_H}=-\frac{Z_8}{Z_6},$

setting that

[00005]$\beta =\frac{z_8}{z_6},$

[0069] due to the fact that the planet carriers of the planetary gear trains of the two differential controllers are fixedly connected together, the rotational speeds are the same; a gear 8 is fixed to the axle housing, n.sub.8=0, then

[00006]$n_6=\left(1+\beta \right).Math.n_H=\frac{1+\beta }{1+\alpha }.Math.n_0$

[0070] Setting that the maximum limit differential ratio of n.sub.1 to n.sub.2 with respect n.sub.0 at the minimum turning radius is k, then:

[0071] n.sub.min=n.sub.H=(1−k).Math.n.sub.0, at this time, the rotational speed is consistent with the rotational speed of the outer ring of the first overrunning clutch;

[0072] n.sub.max=n.sub.6=(1+k).Math.n.sub.0, at this time, the rotational speed is consistent with the rotational speed of the outer ring of the second overrunning clutch;

[00007]$\begin{array}{cc}k=\frac{\alpha }{1+\alpha },& \beta \end{array}=2a;$$\mathrm{or}\begin{array}{cc}\alpha =\frac{k}{1-k},& \beta \end{array}=\frac{2k}{1-k},$

[0073] The vehicle has the maximum differential speed between the left and the right at the minimum turning radius. To describe the problem conveniently, assuming that a certain model k=30%, then n.sub.min=0.7n.sub.0, n.sub.max=1.3%n.sub.0.

[0074] When the automobile goes straight, n.sub.1=n.sub.2=n.sub.0, n.sub.H=0.7n.sub.0, n.sub.6=1.3n.sub.0. As the planet carriers H of the first and second planetary gear train differential controller units and the outer ring of the first overrunning clutch are connected into a whole and the rotational speed n.sub.H is less than the rotational speed n.sub.2 of the inner ring of the first overrunning clutch connected to the right axle shaft, the first overrunning clutch is in an overrunning disengaged state. As an inner sun gear 6 of the second planetary gear train differential controller unit and the outer ring of the second overrunning clutch are connected together and the rotational speed n.sub.6 of the outer ring is greater than the rotational speed n.sub.2 of the inner ring connected to the right axle shaft, the second overarming clutch is also in an overrunning disengaged state, and the automobile runs normally.

[0075] When the automobile turns left at a radius greater than or' equal to the minimum turning radius, n.sub.1≥0.7n.sub.0, n.sub.2≤1.3n.sub.0, at the moment, the rotational speed n.sub.H=0.7n.sub.0 of the outer ring of the first overrunning clutch of the first planetary gear train differential controller unit is less than or equal to the rotational speed n.sub.2 of the inner ring of the first overrunning clutch, the first overrunning clutch is in an overrunning disengaged state or the inner ring and the outer ring rotate at the same rotational speed without affecting the rotational speed n.sub.2 of the right axle shaft. Meanwhile, the rotational speed n.sub.6=1.3n.sub.0 of the outer ring of the second overrunning clutch of the second planetary gear train differential controller unit is greater than or equal to the rotational speed n.sub.2 of the inner ring, the second overrunning clutch is also in an overarming disengaged state or the inner ring and the outer ring rotate at the same rotational speed without affecting the rotational speed n.sub.2 of the right axle shaft, and thus the automobile turns left at the normal differential speed.

[0076] When the automobile turns right at the radius greater than or equal to the minimum turning radius, n.sub.1≤1.3n.sub.0, n.sub.2≥0.7n.sub.0, at the moment, the rotational speed n.sub.H=0.7n.sub.0 of the outer ring of the first overarming clutch of the fist planetary gear train differential controller unit is less than or equal to the rotational speed n.sub.2 of the inner ring of the first overrunning clutch, the first overruling clutch is in an overrunning disengaged state or the inner ring and the outer ring rotate at the same rotational speed without affecting rotational speed n.sub.2 of the right axle shaft. Meanwhile, the rotational speed n.sub.6=1.3n.sub.0 of the outer ring of the second overrunning clutch of the second planetary gear train differential controller unit is greater than or equal to the rotational speed n.sub.2 of the inner ring, the second overrunning clutch is also in an overrunning disengaged state or the inner ring and the outer ring rotate at the same rotational speed without affecting the rotational speed n.sub.2 of the right axle shaft, and thus the automobile turns right at the normal differential speed.

[0077] In a case that the left wheel 1 of the automobile slips and exceeds the normal differential speed range, that is, when n.sub.1>1.3n.sub.0, it is inevitably that n.sub.2<0.7n.sub.0 as n.sub.1+n.sub.2=2n.sub.0. At the moment, the rotational speed n.sub.H=0.7n.sub.0 of the outer ring of the first overrunning clutch of the first planetary gear train differential controller unit is greater than the rotational speed n.sub.2 of the inner ring, the first overrunning clutch is in a wedging state, and the rotational speed n.sub.2 of the right axle shaft cannot be lower than the rotational speed n.sub.H=0.7n.sub.0, and the continuous increase of the rotational speed of the n.sub.1 is limited, thus achieving the purpose of limited slip and guaranteeing the normal running and passing of the vehicle. Meanwhile, the rotational speed n.sub.6=1.3n.sub.0 of the outer ring of the second overrunning clutch of the second planetary gear train differential controller unit is greater than the rotational speed n.sub.2 of the inner ring, the second overrunning clutch is in an overrunning disengaged state without affecting the rotational speed n.sub.2 of the right axle shaft.

[0078] In a case that the right wheel 2 of the automobile slips, when n.sub.2>1.3n.sub.0, the rotational speed n.sub.H=0.7n.sub.0 of the outer ring of the first overrunning clutch of the first planetary gear train differential controller unit is less than the rotational speed n.sub.2 of the inner ring, the first overrunning clutch is in an overrunning disengaged state without affecting the rotational speed of the right axle shaft. Meanwhile, the rotational speed n.sub.6=1.3n.sub.0 of the outer ring of the second overrunning clutch of the second planetary gear train differential controller unit is less than the rotational speed n.sub.2 of the inner ring, the second overrunning clutch is in a wedging state, the continuous increase of the rotational speed n.sub.2 of the fight axle shaft is limited, thus achieving the purpose of limited slip and guaranteeing the normal running and passing of the vehicle.

[0079] In conclusion, whether the left. and right Wheels are in straight running, in the minimum left turning radius and the minimum right turning radius, or in the slipping state, the planetary gear train differential controller not only can meet the maximum differential speed requirements of the minimum turning radii of the left wheel and the right wheel, but also can perform automatic limited slip in time when the vehicle is about to exceed the normal differential speed and slip occurs, thereby guaranteeing the normal running and passing of the vehicle.

[0080] Further, the change curves of the rotational speeds of the left wheel and the right wheel are as shown in FIG. 3. As can be seen from FIG. 3, when the rotational speeds of the wheels are within the set upper and lower limit threshold range from (1−k) n.sub.0 to (1+k) n.sub.0, the normal differential speed between the wheels meets the minimum turning, radius requirement. When the Wheel slip exceeds the upper and lower limit threshold range, the first overrunning clutch and the second overrunning clutch may limit the rotational speed n.sub.H≤n.sub.2≤n.sub.6 of the right wheel, or (1+k) n.sub.0≤n.sub.2≤(1+k) n.sub.0, thereby achieving the purpose of limited slip and enabling the vehicle to automatically prevent skidding, get out of trouble in time, and fun and pass normally.