Abstract
An air gun utilizes high pressure air to rapidly move projectiles from a magazine to the breech of a barrel, and from there out of the barrel. Actuating a trigger opens a valve which directs high pressure air into a turbine/projectile feed disk assembly causing rotation of the assembly about an axle. The rotation rapidly moves projectiles from the magazine to a position at the barrel breech (one at a time) where the high pressure air launches the positioned projectile through the barrel and out the barrel muzzle. The weapon is innovative in the use of high pressure air in an efficient combination of linear and rotational movement to load and rapidly discharge projectiles through a single barrel.
Claims
1. An air gun comprising: (a) a magazine configured to hold projectiles; (b) a primary barrel having a breech end and a muzzle end; (c) a trigger operable to selectively connect a source of pressurized gas to the breech end of the primary barrel; and (d) a projectile-feeding means for providing projectiles from the magazine to the breech end of the primary barrel utilizing pressurized gas, wherein the projectile-feeding means includes a turbine positioned on an axle such that application of pressurized gas to the turbine causes the turbine to rotate about the axle.
2. The air gun of claim 1 further comprising a projectile-positioning means for positioning a projectile provided by the projectile-feeding means in position at the breech end of the primary barrel such that application of pressurized gas to the breech end of the primary barrel will propel the positioned projectile from the breech end of the primary barrel, through the primary barrel, and out the muzzle end of the primary barrel.
3. The air gun of claim 1 further comprising a magazine-force means for forcing projectiles disposed in the magazine toward the projectile-feed means.
4. The air gun of claim 1 further comprising a rotation-speed-limiting means to limit the speed of rotation of the turbine about the axle.
5. The air gun of claim 1 further comprising: (a) a secondary barrel having a breech end and a muzzle end, wherein the secondary barrel is disposed within the primary barrel and oriented such that the breech end of the secondary barrel is at the breech end of the primary barrel and the muzzle end of the secondary barrel is at the muzzle end of the primary barrel; and (b) a projectile-positioning means for positioning a projectile provided by the projectile-feeding means in position at the breech end of the secondary barrel such that application of pressurized gas to the breech end of the secondary barrel will propel the positioned projectile from the breech end of the secondary barrel, through the secondary barrel, and out the muzzle end of the secondary barrel.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0010] These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the present invention will become better understood with reference to the following description, appended claims, and accompanying drawings where:
[0011] FIG. 1A is a side elevation view illustrating an exemplary compressed-air gun according to an aspect of the invention.
[0012] FIG. 1B is a side sectional view illustrating an exemplary compressed-air gun according to an aspect of the invention.
[0013] FIGS. 2A-2B are side sectional views illustrating a front exemplary magazine seal assembly according to an aspect of the invention.
[0014] FIG. 3 is a front elevation view illustrating a front exemplary magazine seal assembly according to an aspect of the invention.
[0015] FIGS. 4A-4C are front sectional views illustrating a front exemplary magazine seal assembly according to an aspect of the invention.
[0016] FIGS. 5A-5B is a side sectional view of a trigger section of an exemplary compressed-air gun illustrating air flow in two trigger states according to an aspect of the invention.
[0017] FIG. 6 is an explode side sectional view of a drive assembly of an exemplary compressed-air gun according to an aspect of the invention.
[0018] FIG. 7 is a front elevation view of an exemplary barrel insert according to an aspect of the invention.
[0019] FIGS. 8A-8B are front and rear elevation views of an exemplary projectile feed disk according to an aspect of the invention.
[0020] FIGS. 9A-9B are front and rear elevation views of an exemplary turbine according to an aspect of the invention.
[0021] FIGS. 10A-10B are rear sectional views illustrating a rear seal assembly according to an aspect of the invention.
[0022] FIG. 11 is a side sectional view illustrating an exemplary compressed-air gun reconfigured for a smaller-caliber projectile according to an aspect of the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0023] In the summary above, and in the description below, reference is made to particular features of the invention in the context of exemplary embodiments of the invention. The features are described in the context of the exemplary embodiments to facilitate understanding. But the invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments. And the features are not limited to the embodiments by which they are described. The invention provides a number of inventive features which can be combined in many ways, and the invention can be embodied in a wide variety of contexts. Unless expressly set forth as an essential feature of the invention, a feature of a particular embodiment should not be read into the claims unless expressly recited in a claim.
[0024] Except as explicitly defined otherwise, the words and phrases used herein, including terms used in the claims, carry the same meaning they carry to one of ordinary skill in the art as ordinarily used in the art.
[0025] Because one of ordinary skill in the art may best understand the structure of the invention by the function of various structural features of the invention, certain structural features may be explained or claimed with reference to the function of a feature. Unless used in the context of describing or claiming a particular inventive function (e.g., a process), reference to the function of a structural feature refers to the capability of the structural feature, not to an instance of use of the invention.
[0026] Except for claims that include language introducing a function with “means for” or “step for,” the claims are not recited in so-called means-plus-function or step-plus-function format governed by 35 U.S.C. § 112(f). Claims that include the “means for [function]” language but also recite the structure for performing the function are not means-plus-function claims governed by § 112(f). Claims that include the “step for [function]” language but also recite an act for performing the function are not step-plus-function claims governed by § 112(f).
[0027] Except as otherwise stated herein or as is otherwise clear from context, the inventive methods comprising or consisting of more than one step may be carried out without concern for the order of the steps.
[0028] The terms “comprising,” “comprises,” “including,” “includes,” “having,” “haves,” and their grammatical equivalents are used herein to mean that other components or steps are optionally present. For example, an article comprising A, B, and C includes an article having only A, B, and C as well as articles having A, B, C, and other components. And a method comprising the steps A, B, and C includes methods having only the steps A, B, and C as well as methods having the steps A, B, C, and other steps.
[0029] Terms of degree, such as “substantially,” “about,” and “roughly” are used herein to denote features that satisfy their technological purpose equivalently to a feature that is “exact.” For example, a component A is “substantially” perpendicular to a second component B if A and B are at an angle such as to equivalently satisfy the technological purpose of A being perpendicular to B.
[0030] Except as otherwise stated herein, or as is otherwise clear from context, the term “or” is used herein in its inclusive sense. For example, “A or B” means “A or B, or both A and B.”
[0031] FIG. 1A presents a side elevation view of an exemplary compressed-air gun 100 according to an aspect of the invention. FIG. 1B presents a side sectional view of the gun 100. The gun 100 includes a barrel 138 disposed in a barrel guard 112. The barrel 138 terminates at one end in a muzzle 175 and at the other in a breech. The gun 100 also includes a magazine 108 configured to hold projectiles 110. The projectiles 110 are fed from the magazine 108 to the breech end of the barrel 175 utilizing a feed disk 122. The feed disk 122 is connected to a turbine 135, which is configured to be driven by compressed air ultimately provided through a supply air fitting 121. The gun 100 is a substantially airtight pressure vessel with the only exit for the high pressure air being the barrel muzzle 175.
[0032] The tubular magazine 108 is sealed at one end with a cam-lock seal assembly 146 and terminates at the other end in the feed disk 122. A magazine piston 109 is disposed within the magazine 108 and is energized by a piston spring 108 that attaches the piston 109 to the seal assembly 146. Projectiles 110 are disposed in the magazine 108 between the piston 109 and the feed disk 122. The piston spring forces the piston 109 against the projectiles 110, pushing the projectiles toward the feed disk 122. A user may load the magazine 108 by using a cam-lock pull handle 102 to release cams that lock the seal assembly 146 in place relative to the magazine 108. For example, the cams may engage a stabilizing collar 105 (or the housing of the magazine 108) attached to the magazine 108 and barrel 138. Rotation of the handle 102 may disengage the cams, enabling the user to pull out the seal assembly 146, along with the attached piston 109 and spring 107. With the seal assembly 146 removed, the magazine 108 is open and the user may add projectiles 110. For example, projectiles 110 may be poured into the magazine 108 when the magazine 108 is angled toward the vertical. Once projectiles 110 have been added to the magazine, the user may replace the piston 109, spring 107, and seal assembly 146. The cams are then reengaged using the handle 102. In the exemplary gun 100, the handle 102 is connected to a cam-lock cover 103 such that the handle 102 may be folded to be flush with, or inserted into, the cover 103. (As depicted in FIG. 1A, the handle is folded into the cover 103. As depicted in FIG. 1B, the handle 102 is folded out from the cover 103 to enable loading/unloading of the magazine 108.)
[0033] The gun 100 is operated by high pressure air supplied by an external back-pack tank or a smaller high pressure tank attached to the device (not shown). Pressurized air is provided to a supply air valve 118 by way of a high pressure hose connected to the supply air fitting 121. The gun 100 is activated by depressing a trigger 111 (connected to a pistol grip 114) which creates the linear movement of the valve activator gear rack 115, which in turn rotates the valve actuator gear 119 that is to the connected supply air valve 118, thereby opening the valve 118. When the valve 118 is open, pressurized air may flow from the supply fitting 121, through a first supply-line segment 152a (connecting the supply fitting 121 to the valve 118) and a second supply-line segment 152b (connecting the valve to an inlet to the turbine 135) to the turbine 135. The pressurized air impacts blades of the turbine 135, causing the turbine 135 and feed disk 122 to rotate. The feed disk 122 includes a groove configured to capture one or more projectiles 110 and deliver it to the breech end of the barrel 138 and a through port configured to allow pressurized air to flow through the disk 122 into the barrel 138, and thereby carry the projectile 110 into and through the barrel 138 to exit at the muzzle 175. The projectiles 110 are carried in the groove of the rotating feed disk 122, travelling in an arc motion with the disk 122 until the lead projectile is stopped in alignment with the barrel breech by a shot guide 136. At this point, exhaust air escaping from the turbine 135 moving through the through port of the feed disk 122 carries the projectile 110 from the breech into the barrel 138 and out the muzzle 175. Almost immediately upon one projectile 110 being carried from the breech into the barrel 138 another projectile 110 follows in close succession. This process will continue until either the magazine 108 empties or the trigger 111 is released.
[0034] Sealing of and access to the magazine 108 can be further understood with reference to FIGS. 2A, 2B, 3, 4A-4C. FIGS. 2A and 2B are side sectional views of the magazine seal assembly 146. FIG. 2A illustrates the seal assembly 146 as unlocked and mostly removed from the housing of the magazine 108. FIG. 2B illustrates the seal assembly 146 inserted into the housing of the magazine 108 and locked in place with cams 104, 147 that are pivotably attached to a seal body 145 via pivot posts 170. The seal assembly seals the front end of the magazine 108 with 0-rings 106. The cam-lock pull handle 102 is pivotably attached to a cam actuator 149 via a pivot pin 151. The handle 102 is pivoted out from the actuator 149 in FIG. 2A and is pivoted in FIG. 2B. FIG. 3 is a front elevation view of the gun 100 illustrating the cam-lock pull handle 102 in the stowed position (i.e., pivoted into the cam actuator 149 and cover 103). FIG. 4A is a front sectional view illustrating the handle 102 in the stowed position. FIG. 4B is a front sectional view illustrating the cam actuator 149 in position to lock the cams 104, 147 into the housing of the magazine 108. FIG. 4C is a front sectional view illustrating the cam actuator 149 in position to unlock the cams 104, 147 from the housing of the magazine 108. In operation to remove the seal assembly 146 from the magazine 108, the user pivots the handle 102 out from the cam actuator 149, pulls the handle 102 away from the magazine 108 to release spring-loaded lock pins 149b on the actuator 149 (when engaged, the lock pins 149b prevent rotation of the actuator 149), and rotates the handle 102 to rotate the actuator 149 so the portions 149a of the actuator engage and move the cams 104, 147 to release the cams 104, 147 from the housing of the magazine 108 (or the stabilizing collar 105). The user may then pull on the handle 102 to remove the seal assembly 146 from the magazine 108. In operation to install the seal assembly 146 in magazine 108, the user inserts the seal assembly 146 into the magazine, aligns the assembly 146 so that the cams 104, 147 align with cam receptacles (which alignment may be aided by one or more guide pins), and then rotates the handle 102 to move the cams 104, 147 to engage the housing of the magazine 108 (or the stabilizing collar 105). The lock pins 149b may then be engaged and the handle 102 placed in the stowed position.
[0035] Air flow during operation of the exemplary gun 100 can be further understood with reference to FIGS. 5A and 5B, which each depict a section of the gun 100. FIG. 5A depicts the gun in a trigger-off state. In this state, the trigger 111 is not depressed but rather is held on the “off” position by a return spring 116 and the valve actuator gear 119 is positioned such that the valve 118 is closed. As shown by the arrowed line in the first supply-line segment 152a, pressurized air may flow from the supply fitting 121 to the valve 118, but no further. Thus, the turbine 135 and feed disk 122 will never be engaged and projectiles will not be launched from the gun 100. FIG. 5B depicts the gun in a trigger-on state. In this state, the trigger 111 is depressed, moving the valve-actuator gear rack 115 to rotate the valve actuator gear 119 to open the valve 118. As shown by the arrowed lines in the first supply-line segment 152a and the second supply-line segment 152b, pressurized air may flow from the supply fitting 121 through the valve 118, to a turbine inlet manifold 153. From there, the air may flow into the turbine 135 to engage turbine blades (thereby causing the previously mentioned rotation of feed disk 122) and through a through-port 122b of the feed disk 122 to engage a projectile 110 in the groove 122a of the feed disk 122, thereby forcing the projectile 110 into and through the barrel 138. As shown in FIG. 5B, the projectile 110 that is launched through the barrel 138 is stopped at the breech position by the shot guide 136 which is provided by an insert 113. The spring 116 will return the valve 118 to the closed position (as shown in FIG. 5A) once force is no longer applied to squeeze the trigger 111. Thus, the trigger may be held to empty the magazine 108 (or to deplete the air supply) or it may be depressed intermittently for relatively short bursts of projectiles.
[0036] FIG. 6 is an exploded side sectional view of the feed-disk/turbine drive assembly. This assembly includes the feed disk 122 and turbine 135, as well as a rear seal plate 132. The feed disk 122 and turbine 135 are disposed on a feed-unit axle 126 that is fed through the centers of disk 122 and turbine 135 and that is supported by first 123 and second 128 bearings that are connected to the feed disk 122 and turbine 135 respectively. The feed disk 122 and turbine 135 are connected together with drive pins 130. One end of the axle 126 is connected to the rear seal plate 132 and retaining clip 166 may be used to secure the feed disk 122 to the axle 126 at the other end of the axle 126 (securing the feed disk 122 and turbine 135 between the seal plate 132 and binding clip 166). Another retaining clip may be placed between the feed disk 122 and turbine 135. This enables removal of the feed disk 122 from the axle 126 while the turbine 135 remains positioned on the axle 126. The drive assembly may be secured in the housing 141 of the gun 100 using rear cam locks 131 attached to the rear seal plate 132 on pivot posts 170. The cam locks 131 selectively engage the housing 141 when rotated about the pivot posts 170 in one direction and disengage the housing when rotated about the pivot posts 170 in the opposite direction. The air seal between the seal plate 132 and housing 141 is effected by one or more O-rings 134.
[0037] FIG. 7 is a front elevation view of the insert 113 with the shot guide 136. The insert includes an alignment passage 162 sized appropriately for the projectile 110, a shot-stop ball 163, and a spring 164 positioned to load the shot-stop ball 163 into the alignment tube 162. Due to the magazine piston 109 and piston spring 108, projectiles 110 in the magazine 108 experience a force toward the feed disk 122 and ultimately toward the breech end of the barrel 138 through the alignment passage 162. When air is not provided to the turbine 135 (in the trigger-off state or when there is no air supply), the shot-stop ball 163 will engage a projectile 110 in the alignment passage 162 to keep the projectile 110 from entering the barrel 138 (thus blocking the alignment passage 162 to keep other projectiles 110 from entering the barrel). When pressurized air is provided to the turbine 135 (in the trigger-on state), the air will force the projectile 110 stopped by the shot-stop ball 163 toward the muzzle 175. Air of sufficient pressure will generate enough force on the projectile 110 to compress the spring 164, moving the shot-stop ball 163 out of the alignment passage 162 and allowing the projectile to travel into and through the barrel 138 to be launched from the gun 100 at the muzzle 175.
[0038] FIGS. 8A and 8B are elevation views of the feed disk 122, front and rear respectively. (“Front” in the gun 100 refers to the muzzle side. “Rear” in the gun 100 refers to the butt-stock side.)
[0039] FIGS. 9A and 9B are elevation views of the turbine 135, front and rear respectively. The turbine 135 includes a number of blades 135a and rotational-speed governors 120 pivotably mounted to the body of the turbine 135. As described above, the blades 135a are configured to catch flowing pressurized air and thereby cause the turbine 135 to rotate about the axle 126. When the turbine 135 rotates about the axle 126, the governors 120 pivot radially outward from the center of the turbine 135 (due to inertia, often described as centrifugal force for rotating bodies). The floating ends 120a of the governors 120 (which may comprise a neoprene pad or the like) will then engage the inside wall of the housing 141 to create a frictional resistance to the rotation of the turbine 135 and thereby limit the rotational speed of the turbine 135.
[0040] FIGS. 10A and 10B are rear sectional views of the gun 100 illustrating the drive assembly locked in place with the rear cam locks 131 engaged (FIG. 10A) and unlocked for removal from the housing 141 with the rear cam locks 131 disengaged (FIG. 10B). Multiple cam locks 131 may be cooperatively rotated by rotating a cam-lock actuator 129 attached to a butt-stock tube 143. A safety latch 176 (see FIG. 1A) may be used to prevent uncontrolled rotation of the butt-stock tube 143 to prevent unexpected disengagement of the cam locks 131 during operation of the gun 100. When rear cam locks 131 are disengaged, the drive assembly is unlocked and may be removed from the housing 141.
[0041] As illustrated in FIG. 11, the gun 100 may be reconfigured into a gun 200 for a smaller caliber of projectile 210 by changing out the feed disk 122 to one with a different size groove 122a and through-ports 122b. This may be done by disengaging the rear cam locks 131, removing the drive assembly from the housing 141, removing the retaining clip 166, removing the feed disk 122 by sliding it off the axle 126 and drive pins 130, installing a different feed disk 222 by sliding it on the axle 126 and drive pins 130, reinstalling the retaining clip 166, reinstalling the drive assembly in the housing 141, and engaging the rear cam locks 131. The barrel insert 113 must be replaced with an insert 213 configured for the new caliber projectile and a properly-sized barrel 238 must be installed. The new barrel 238 may be installed within the original barrel 138 and the new barrel 238 may be integral to the new insert 213. This process of changing the caliber sizes can be accomplished in short order and without changes to the magazine section (other than in the choice of projectile with which to load into the magazine).
[0042] While the foregoing description is directed to the preferred embodiments of the invention, other and further embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art and may be made without departing from the basic scope of the invention. And features described with reference to one embodiment may be combined with other embodiments, even if not explicitly stated above, without departing from the scope of the invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the claims which follow.
