Method for producing plastics containers

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing plastics containers (15) from thermoplastics with inserts (13) which, by exploiting the heat of plasticization, are connected during shaping of the plastics container (15) by a material bond and/or interlocking connection to the container wall (140), wherein the method provides the use of at least one opening (26) on the insert (13), which opening forms a melt duct or melt inlet and/or melt passage for plasticized or plastic material of the container wall (140), wherein the method is distinguished in that the opening (26) is monitored as a reference opening (26) by optical and/or sensory means during the production of the connection, wherein the degree of penetration of the opening (26) with thermoplastic from the container wall (140) is used as a measure of the quality of the connection.

Claims

1. A method for producing a plastics container from a thermoplastic with at least one insert which, by exploiting heat of plasticization, is connected during shaping of the plastics container by a material bond and/or an interlocking connection to a wall of the plastics container, wherein the method provides use of at least one opening on the insert which forms a melt duct and/or a melt inlet and/or a melt passage for plasticized or plastic material of the container wall, wherein the opening is monitored as a reference opening by optical and/or sensory means during production of a connection of the insert with the container wall, and wherein a degree of penetration of the reference opening with thermoplastic from the container wall is used as a measure of quality of the connection.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method makes use of the degree of penetration of the reference opening with thermoplastic from the container wall as a measure of degree of penetration of the opening.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the insert is welded to the container wall to form a welded connection, wherein the method makes use of the degree of penetration of the reference opening with thermoplastic from the container wall as a measure of quality of the welded connection.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the insert is provided with at least one fastening surface which forms an undercut, wherein plastics material flows behind the undercut when the insert is joined to the container wall, and wherein the method makes use of the degree of penetration of the reference opening with thermoplastic from the container wall as a measure of quality of fixation of the insert.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the reference opening is used solely for quality monitoring and it has no fastening function.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein at least one temperature sensor or at least one measuring electrode, which generates a measurement signal when a predetermined degree of penetration of the reference opening with thermoplastic from the container wall is achieved, is arranged in the reference opening or downstream of the reference opening in a direction of flow of the thermoplastic.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein at least one melt-displaceable body in a form of a piston or a pin is provided in the reference opening, said body enabling visual and/or sensory inspection of the quality of the connection.

8. The method according to claim 1, further comprising shaping at least two planar, web-form parisons of a plasticized thermoplastic in a multipart, cavity-forming mold to form mutually complementary shells, and joining the shells together to form a substantially closed hollow article, wherein the parisons are placed between parts of the mold which in each case comprise sub-cavities, the parts of the mold are closed against a mold divider arranged between the parisons and, using differential pressure, the parisons are inserted into the sub-cavities and shaped, wherein at least one insert is fastened onto at least one shell after and/or during shaping thereof, and the shells are joined together to form a closed hollow article by closing the molds.

9. The method according to claim 8, wherein, once the shells have been shaped, the molds are opened in a separate method step, the insert is fastened to at least one shell and the shells are joined to one another to form a finished hollow article by reclosing the molds.

10. The method according to claim 8, wherein visual detection and monitoring of the reference opening proceeds during fastening of the insert.

11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the visual detection and monitoring of the reference opening proceeds during fastening of the insert by at least one camera arranged on the molds or on a robot arm.

Description

(1) The invention will be explained below with reference to an exemplary embodiment shown in the drawings.

(2) In the figures:

(3) FIG. 1a is a schematic representation of a device according to the invention at the start and at the end of a manufacturing cycle,

(4) FIG. 1b is a plan view of the arrangement shown in FIG. 1a,

(5) FIG. 1c is a partial section along the lines C-C in FIG. 1

(6) FIG. 2 is a view corresponding to FIG. 1b, in which the molds are closed against a mold divider arranged between the parisons,

(7) FIG. 3 shows the shaping of the parisons into shells,

(8) FIG. 4 is a plan view of the open molds after shaping the shells,

(9) FIG. 5 is a view of the open molds immediately prior to insertion of the inserts,

(10) FIG. 6 is a plan view of the closed molds on insertion of the inserts,

(11) FIG. 7 is a plan view of the closed molds after insertion of the inserts,

(12) FIG. 8 is a plan view of the open molds after insertion of the inserts,

(13) FIGS. 9a-9c are views corresponding to FIGS. 1a-1c immediately prior to mold closure for the purpose of joining the shells together to form a finished item,

(14) FIG. 10 is a plan view of the closed molds with the finished item,

(15) FIGS. 11a-11c are views corresponding to FIGS. 1a-1c illustrating the removal of the finished items,

(16) FIG. 12 is an exploded view of an insert according to the invention,

(17) FIG. 13 is a view of the fastening base of the insert,

(18) FIG. 14 is detail view III in FIG. 1, which in particular explains the arrangement of the reference bore,

(19) FIGS. 15a-15b show other views explaining the reference bore,

(20) FIGS. 16a-16b show an alternative development of the insert with a displaceable detector member in the form of a pin arranged in the reference bore.

(21) Reference is firstly made to FIGS. 1a-1b, which show a schematic view of a blow molding mold 1 and of an extruder head 2 for carrying out the method according to the invention. The blow molding mold 1 comprises two blow mold halves 3, which are fastened in known manner onto mold platens 4 and may be moved away from and towards one another for the purposes of an opening and closing movement. Although the term blow mold halves was used above, it falls within the scope of the invention if the individual mold parts, which in each case form sub-cavities 5, are of multipart construction. Each of the blow mold halves 3 need not necessarily form half of the mold or of the impression/cavity. The parting surface of the blow mold halves 3 likewise need not necessarily divide the mold geometrically in half.

(22) The mold platens 4 are part of a machine base frame which is not shown in greater detail and is mobile relative to the stationarily arranged extruder head 2, as is indicated in the drawings.

(23) The extruder head 2 is shown in highly simplified form in the drawings; it comprises two flat film dies 6, from which parisons 7, which extend in a straight line into the plane of the drawing, are in each case continuously extruded in suspended manner, i.e. in the direction of gravity, in piece or web form. The parisons 7 preferably in each case consist of an extrudate with a total of six layers comprising a carbon black-colored outer HDPE layer, a recycled (regrind) layer based on HDPE, an EVOH barrier surrounded on both sides with coupling agent and a further uncolored HDPE layer. The coupling agent layers may for example be LDPE-based.

(24) In addition to the machine base frame (not shown), the blow molding mold 1 according to the invention comprises a machine frame 8, which is mobile relative to the machine base frame and transversely of the opening and closing movement of the mold platens 4. A mold divider 9 and a component carrier 10 are arranged spaced from one another on the machine frame 8.

(25) The mold divider 9 substantially takes the form of a sealing frame, the peripheral sealing faces 11 of which define a peripheral contour which approximately follows the boundary of the sub-cavities 5 of the blow mold halves 3.

(26) The component carrier 10 likewise takes the form of a central frame, within which are arranged individual component holders 12 in the form of pneumatic piston-cylinder arrangements with fastening means.

(27) The drawings show the structural depth of the mold divider 9 and of the component carrier or central frame 11 to be approximately equal, this specifically being for purposes of simplification. The structural depth of the mold divider 9 is in fact smaller than that of the component carrier 10. In the simplest case, the mold divider 9 may take the form of a simple plate, optionally with means for applying blowing pressure to the cavity.

(28) The distance between the component carrier 10 and the mold divider 9 on the machine frame 8 approximately corresponds to (greater than or equal to) the width of the mold clamping frame or the mold platens 4.

(29) As already mentioned, it may also be provided for the component carrier 10 and the mold divider 9 to be arranged mobile relative to one another on the machine frame. In this case, the movement range must be greater than or equal to the width of the mold platens 4.

(30) FIGS. 1a-1b show the blow molding mold 1 respectively at the end and at the start of an operating cycle. Such an operating cycle firstly involves the continuous extrusion of the parisons 7 to a length which approximately corresponds to the height of the blow mold halves 3, as shown in FIG. 1c. The parisons 7 are extruded between the open blow mold halves 3, specifically in each case between a blow mold half 3 and the mold divider 9 arranged between the blow mold halves 3. In a further method step shown in FIG. 2, the blow mold halves 3 close against the mold divider 9 arranged therebetween, pinching off and/or severing the parisons 7 at the extruder head 2, optionally with the assistance of further tools for separating the continuously extruded parison 7. While the blow mold halves 3 are closing, the machine base frame below the extruder head moves away, as indicated in FIG. 2. The cavity or impression of the blow molding mold 1 is closed, the mold divider 9 here absorbing the clamping forces of the blow mold halves 3 and simultaneously sealing the cavity of the blow molding mold 1. By applying a vacuum and/or positive pressure, the parisons 7 are laid in the sub-cavities 5 of the blow mold halves 3 and shaped, as shown in FIG. 3. The blow mold halves are opened and, in the plan view, moved leftwards relative to the machine frame 8, as shown in FIG. 4. It is here immaterial whether the machine frame 8 is mobile relative to the machine base frame and relative to the blow mold halves 3 or whether the blow mold halves 3 and the mold platens 4 are mobile relative to the machine frame 8. This is freely selectable and depends on the space available for installing the blow molding mold 1 and the extruder head 2.

(31) In a further method step (FIG. 5), the component carrier 10 is placed between the blow mold halves 3. The blow mold halves 3 are then reclosed. Complete closure of the blow mold halves 3 in terms of sealing is not required during this operation. The step of closing the blow mold halves 3 against the component carrier 10 is therefore only optional.

(32) In a further method step, the component holders 12 within the component carrier 10, which were provided with inserts 13 at the start of the operating cycle, are moved towards the shells 14 formed in the sub-cavities 5. With application of force from the lifting movement of the component holders 12, the inserts 13 are joined or fastened to the shells 14.

(33) In the drawings, this operation is shown only in relation to one shell 14, but the invention should be taken to mean that inserts 13 may be fastened to one or both of the shells 14.

(34) Such fastening may for example proceed by riveting in the manner as is for example described in German patent application DE 10 2006 006 469 A1, to the full content of which reference is made for the purposes of disclosure.

(35) Finally, the component holders 12 are retracted into their starting position (FIG. 6), the blow molding mold 1 is opened, i.e. the blow mold halves 3 are moved apart from one another (FIG. 8). The mold platens 4 are moved into the starting position shown in FIG. 9b between the mold divider 9 and the component carrier 10, then the blow mold halves complete a closing movement in which the shells 14 arranged therein are welded together at the edges (FIG. 10). Meanwhile, the mold divider 9 is already placed between the parisons 7 (another cycle). In the meantime, the component holders 12 are provided with inserts 13.

(36) Finally, the blow mold halves 3 are opened (FIG. 11b) and the finished item provided with inserts 13 in the form of a fuel tank 15 is lifted out of the open mold (FIG. 11b, FIG. 1a).

(37) An insert 13 in the form of a vent valve 16 is shown by way of example in FIG. 13. The vent valve 16 comprises a valve housing 17 with a nipple 18 for connecting a vent line and a fastening base 19, which is snapped/latched to the valve housing 17 via latching tabs 20, which enter corresponding latching recesses 21.

(38) The fastening base 19 of the vent valve 16 is provided with three fastening lugs 22, each of which comprises an opening 23. The opening 23 takes the form of a countersunk, circular hole and accommodates a rivet pin 24 which comprises a countersunk head 25 with a contour corresponding to the countersink of the opening 23.

(39) The rivet pin 24 consists of thermoplastic and was prefabricated by injection molding and, prior to insertion of the vent valve 16 into the fuel tank, was inserted in the relevant opening 23 of the fastening base 19.

(40) The rivet pin 24 likewise consists of HDPE and, in this respect, is likewise compatible with the inner layer of container wall 140.

(41) In the exemplary embodiment shown, the vent valve 16 is provided with a removable and latchable fastening base 19; in principle it may also be of one-piece construction.

(42) In the method according to the invention, the fastening base 19 provided with rivet pins 24 is welded during the shaping of the container to the container wall by the rivet pins 24 which pass through the openings 23. The rivet pin 24 in question is driven by means of a suitable tool through the openings 23 into the still hot, plastic inner layer at melt temperature of the container wall, such that the shank of the rivet pins 24 fuses with the inner layer of the container wall and the countersunk head 25 of the rivet pin 24, on the other hand, fits completely into the opening 23.

(43) The fastening base 19 with the rivet pins arranged thereon may, for example, be pressed by means of a punch-like device using a manipulator against the parisons 7 shaped in the sub-cavities 5.

(44) The temperature in the region of the contact surface of the fastening base 19 and the contact pressure are decisive for the quality of the fastening.

(45) For the purposes of quality monitoring, a reference opening 26 is provided in at least one fastening lug 22 of the fastening base 19, the diameter of which reference opening may for example be distinctly smaller than the diameter of the openings 23. This reference opening 26 forms a melt duct, through which the hot, plastic material of the parison 7 or the container wall still at melt temperature is driven through when the fastening base 19 is pressed into place. The degree of penetration of the reference opening 26 with thermoplastic may be used as a measure of the quality of the welded connection obtained. The degree of penetration of the melt through the reference opening may be detected in sensory means either optically or by touch. In the simplest case, a camera may, for example, be arranged on a manipulator for introducing the inserts 13.

(46) Instead of the rivet fastening described above, it may also be provided that the openings 23 are provided not with rivet pins but are instead likewise passed through by the container wall material at melt temperature, such that a kind of in situ riveting of the insert 13 is achieved. For example, the plastics material at melt temperature which passes through the openings 23 of the insert 13 may form a widened rivet head which fixes the insert 13 or the fastening base 19 onto the container wall 140 in interlocking manner.

(47) Another variant for fastening an insert 13 onto the container wall 140 is shown by way of example in FIG. 16. The insert 13 is provided on its side facing the container wall with a profiled bottom 27. The bottom 27 has a dovetail profile, such that when the bottom 27 of the insert 13 pressed into the container wall still at melt temperature or into the parison 7 lying in the sub-cavity 5, the material at melt temperature engages behind the undercut of the dovetail profile 28. A reference opening 26, into which a pin 29 is inserted, is additionally provided in the bottom 27 of the insert. The pin 29 passes completely through the insert 13, such that a top 30 of the pin 29 projecting out of the insert 13 is for example optically detectable.

(48) The pin 29 may for example be provided with a winding in the interior of the insert 13, which winding is introduced into a coil body, such that for example the distance traveled by the pin 29 during production of the connection is electrically detectable.

LIST OF REFERENCE SIGNS

(49) 1 Blow molding mold 2 Extruder head 3 Blow mold halves 4 Mold platens 5 Sub-cavities 6 Flat film dies 7 Parisons 8 Machine frame 9 Mold divider 10 Component carrier 11 Sealing faces 12 Component holders 13 Inserts 14 Shells 15 Fuel tank (item) 16 Vent valve 17 Valve housing 18 Nipple 19 Fastening base 20 Latching tabs 21 Latching recesses 22 Fastening lugs 23 Opening 24 Rivet pin 25 Countersunk head 26 Reference opening 27 Bottom of the insert 28 Dovetail profile 29 Pin 30 Top of the pin 140 Container wall