Drill blank, method for manufacturing drill blank, drill, and method for manufacturing drill

Abstract

Provided are a drill blank, a method for manufacturing a blank, a drill, and a method for manufacturing a drill which allow a step of brazing to be easy and allow the brazing to be precise. A drill includes a drill blank brazed thereto in an elongated columnar-shape and made of cemented carbide. In the drill blank, both d.sub.A and d.sub.B are equal to or smaller than 2 mm, d.sub.Ad.sub.B>d.sub.C, a ratio of the length to d.sub.A is equal to or larger than 3, and d.sub.B/d.sub.A=0.96 to 1 and d.sub.C/d.sub.A=0.9 to 0.995 in a longitudinal direction, where d.sub.A indicates the diameter of one end of both ends, d.sub.B indicates the diameter of the other end thereof, and d.sub.C indicates the minimum diameter of a central portion. Brazing of the drill blank is easy and precision in brazing is enhanced.

Claims

1. A drill comprising: a longitudinally extending processing section including tungsten carbide (WC) grains having a generally homogeneous grain size in a transverse cross-section and comprising: a first section comprising a cutting edge; and a second section comprising a flute groove and located longitudinally rearward of the first section; and wherein an average diameter of the WC grains in the first section is larger than an average diameter of the WC grains in the second section.

2. The drill according to claim 1, wherein processing section further comprises a third section located longitudinally rearward of the second section, an average diameter of WC grains in the third section is larger than an average diameter of the WC grains in the second section.

3. The drill according to claim 2, wherein a lengths of the first section and the third section are defined to be within 10% with respect to the whole length of the drill.

4. The drill according to claim 2, wherein the diameter of the third section is larger than a diameter of the second section.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 is a side view of an example of a drill blank of the present invention.

(2) FIG. 2 is a schematic view describing a configuration of a die, regarding an example of a method for molding the drill blank of the present invention.

(3) FIG. 3 is a side view of an example of a drill in which the drill blank in FIG. 1 is brazed to a shank and drill bit is grinded.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

(4) An example of a drill in which a drill blank of the invention in FIG. 1 is brazed to a shank will be described with reference to a side view.

(5) A drill blank (hereinafter, simply referred to as blank) 2 adopted in a drill 1 of FIG. 1 is in an elongated columnar-shape made of cemented carbide and is brazed to a shank 3. In the blank 2, both d.sub.A and d.sub.B are equal to or smaller than 2 mm, d.sub.Ad.sub.B>d.sub.C, a ratio of the length L to d.sub.A is equal to or larger than 3, and d.sub.B/d.sub.A=0.96 to 1 and d.sub.C/d.sub.A=0.9 to 0.995 in a longitudinal direction, where d.sub.A indicates the diameter of one end A of both ends, d.sub.B indicates the diameter of the other end B thereof, d.sub.C indicates the minimum diameter of a central portion C, and L indicates the length in the longitudinal direction.

(6) In the blank 2 having such a shape, a diameter of an end portion of the blank 2 is larger than a diameter of the central portion of the blank 2 so that an area for brazing is also wide and rigidity of the brazing is high as well. In the blank 2 having a ratio of d.sub.B/d.sub.A=0.96 to 1, there is no need to align an orientation of the blank 2 in a brazing step in which the blank 2 is brazed to the shank 3, compared to a blank in a tapered shape having a ratio of d.sub.B/d.sub.A smaller than 0.96. Therefore, the brazing step can be simplified. Moreover, the brazing is performed in a state where deviation of central axes between the blank 2 and the shank 3 is small, thereby making it possible to reduce a grinding portion when grinding drill bit after the brazing.

(7) As suitable dimensions for the blank 2, d.sub.A and d.sub.B are each 0.3 mm to 1.7 mm, the length L is 3 mm to 20 mm, d.sub.B/d.sub.A is 0.985 to 1, and d.sub.C/d.sub.A is 0.980 to 0.995.

(8) In the blank 2 according to the present embodiment, average diameters of WC grains on the one end A side and the other end B side are larger than an average diameter of the WC grains in the central portion C. Accordingly, it is possible to suppress chipping of the cutting edge 5 of the drill 1 which is formed by processing the blank 2 during the processing. Furthermore, a flute groove forming portion 6 has high rigidity, and thus, it is possible to suppress misalignment of the flute groove forming portion 6 when processing the cutting edge 5 of the drill 1 and to enhance precision in processing dimensions of the flute groove forming portion 6.

(9) (Method for Manufacturing Blank)

(10) An example of a method for manufacturing the drill blank will be described. First, base powder such as WC powder or the like is prepared for producing the cemented carbide which forms the blank and the drill, and slurry is produced by adding binder or a solvent to the base powder. The slurry is pelletized to be in particles, which is molding powder.

(11) Meanwhile, a press-molding die (hereinafter, simply referred to as die) is prepared for filling a cavity of a die of the press-molding die with the particles. Then, the particles which fill the inside of the cavity of the die are pressurized by lowering an upper punch from above, thereby producing a molded body.

(12) Regarding the conditions for producing the molded body, an average diameter of the particles is controlled to range from 100 m to 150 m, and unevenness in particle size is controlled to range from 60 m to 100 m. The unevenness in particle size is desirably controlled to be within a range from 30 m to 50 m with respect to the average diameter of the particles. The unevenness in particle size can be controlled by adjusting through sieve classification or the like. When performing molding, a lower punch is mounted at a predetermined position in the cavity, the inside of a concave portion surrounded by the lower punch and the cavity is filled with the particles from above, and the molded body is formed using the upper and lower punches by lowering the upper punch from above. Thereafter, an additional load is added onto the upper punch so as to cause a position of the upper punch to be lowered downward from a holding position of the upper punch at the time of pressurizing by 0.1 mm to 2 mm, and a load on the lower punch is reduced.

(13) With the molding conditions, unevenness of pressure in the molded body can be reduced, and thus, damage to the lower punch can be suppressed when drawing out the molded body, and a shape of the blank 2 which is a fired molded body can conform to a predetermined shape. In other words, density of the molded body is in a state of being high in the one end a and the other end b, and low in the central portion c, and thus, regarding dimensions of a sintered compact after sintering is performed, the central portion c is more contracted as compared to the one end a and the other end b, whereby the ratio of d.sub.B/d.sub.A is 0.96 to 1, and the ratio of d.sub.C/d.sub.A is 0.9 to 0.995.

(14) In other words, when producing the molded body through press-molding in order to obtain the sintered compact in a shape whose diameter is larger than 2 mm, the die is evenly filled with the particles when filling the die with the powder. However, when producing the molded body through press-molding in order to obtain the sintered compact whose diameter is equal to or smaller than 2 mm, a method in the related art causes the die to be unevenly filled with the particles when filling the die with the powder. According to the present invention, a molded body can be produced and a blank in a predetermined shape can be obtained by controlling the molding conditions.

(15) In order to enhance manufacturing efficiency and to prevent the upper punch from being obliquely lowered, a plurality of sets of upper punch-cavity-lower punch are provided in the die, and thus, a plurality of molded bodies can be molded at a time. The number of sets of upper punch-cavity-lower punch ranges from 4 to 144, for example. A shape on a side surface of the die may be in a straight shape having the same diameter from the upper punch to the lower punch. Otherwise, since contraction during firing is smaller on the lower punch side to which a pressure is easily applied than on the upper punch side, this fact is taken into consideration so as to be in a range where dimensions of the upper punch side and the lower punch side become identical to each other after the firing. Thus, as illustrated in FIG. 2, in a press-molding die 20 for performing press-molding by filling a powder filling portion (cavity) 22 of a die 21 with particles 25 and by pressurizing the particles 25 between an upper punch 24 and a lower punch 23, the diameter D.sub.A on the lower punch 23 side may be caused to be smaller than the diameter D.sub.B on the upper punch 24 side. Accordingly, the ratio of d.sub.B/d.sub.A can be controlled within a predetermined range.

(16) Then, the molded body is taken out from the die and fired at 1,300 C. to 1,500 C. in vacuo to be the blank 2. Moreover, a coating layer (not illustrated) can be deposited on the surface of the drill 1, if desired.

(17) According to a method for manufacturing the blank 2 in the present embodiment described above, since the blank 2 is molded through press-molding, steps in the molding thereof are fewer than those in extrusion molding, and the blank 2 can easily be manufactured. There are fewer changes in dimensions of the blank 2 after firing the molded body of the blank 2, and thus high precision is achieved in dimensions of the blank 2. Therefore, the blank 2 can be formed in a shape requiring a smaller cutting portion with respect to the shape of the drill 1. Since an amount of addition of the binder during the molding can be reduced in the blank 2 which is formed through press-molding as compared to a blank formed through the extrusion molding, a highly reliable material can be obtained in which defects such as a void and a carbon residue are unlikely to exist in the sintered compact (blank 2). In the process of molding the blank 2, the molding in which chipping or the like is unlikely to occur can be stably performed by adjusting unevenness in density of the molded body.

(18) In the manufacturing of the blank 2 of which d.sub.A is equal to or smaller than 2 mm, a difference in density of the molded body is caused by producing the molded body through press-molding. Accordingly, sintering of the cemented carbide tends to further proceed in the end portions (one end A and the other end B) of the blank 2 than in the central portion C. Therefore, in the present embodiment, a state of particles to be used during the molding is adjusted, damage to the die can be suppressed by adding an additional load using only the upper punch after pressurizing the particles using the upper and lower punches, and density of the molded body at both ends of the blank 2 can be adjusted. As a result, an average diameter of the WC grains in the cemented carbide which constitutes the fired blank 2 can be adjusted in the above-described manner.

(19) (Method for Manufacturing Drill)

(20) The blanks 2 obtained through the steps described above are randomly inserted into a brazing apparatus by the dozens or the hundreds. The blank 2 is aligned in the brazing apparatus in the longitudinal direction and is brought into contact with a predetermined position of a neck portion 7 extending from the shank 3 which is separately prepared. A laser or the like automatically brazes the blank 2 to the predetermined position. Thereafter, the drill bit is grinded on the brazed blank 2.

(21) In this case, although FIG. 1 describes an embodiment where the one end A side is the cutting edge 5 side of the drill 1 and the other end B side is the shank 3 side of the drill 1, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment. Since selection is randomly made in an aligning machine during the brazing, there may be a case where the one end A is the shank 3 side of the drill 1 and the other end B is the cutting edge 5 side of the drill 1.

(22) (Drill)

(23) The drill 1 is produced through drill bit grinding of the blank 2. The shape of the drill 1 in FIG. 3 includes the cutting edge 5 on the one end A side, and a body 8 is configured to have the cutting edge 5, the flute groove forming portion 6 extending from the cutting edge 5, and the neck portion 7. The cutting edge 5 and the flute groove forming portion 6 form a processing section. The drill 1 has the shank 3 which is joined to the body 8. Here, the cutting edge 5 having a central axis and rotating around the same is a portion which first contacts with a material to be cut, and requires high chipping resistance and abrasion resistance. The flute groove forming portion 6 has a function of discharging chips rearward which are generated in the processing, and the neck portion 7 is a connection portion for adjusting a processing diameter (diameter of flute groove forming portion 6) of the drill 1 and a diameter of the shank 3. The shank 3 is a portion for fixing the drill 1 to a processing machine.

(24) The drill obtained through the above-described method includes the processing section configured to have the cutting edge 5 formed of cemented carbide and the flute groove forming portion 6. The maximum diameter of the processing section is equal to or smaller than 2 mm.

(25) In the drill 1 adopting the blank 2 of the present embodiment, the average diameter of the WC grains in the cutting edge 5 of the drill 1 is larger than the average diameter of the WC grains in the central portion C of the processing section. Therefore, the flute groove forming portion 6 has high rigidity, and chipping-off in the cutting edge 5 can be suppressed. In the present invention, the lengths of the one end A and the other end B are defined to be within 10% with respect to the whole length of the blank.

(26) The neck portion 7 and the shank 3 can be formed with an inexpensive material such as steel, alloyed steel, or stainless steel, and the blank 2 can be brazed to the distal end of the neck portion 7. In such a configuration, the diameter of the blank 2 which is brazed to the distal end of the neck portion 7 can be larger than that on the cutting edge 5 side, so that the area for brazing becomes wide, and thus, brazing rigidity can be enhanced as well. A portion from the cutting edge 5 of the drill to the shank 3 may be formed of the blank. Further, the drill may have a shape in which the neck portion 7 is omitted.

EXAMPLES

(27) Metallic cobalt (Co) powder: 0.6% by mass, chromium carbide (Cr.sub.3C.sub.2) powder: 6% by mass, and vanadium carbide (VC) powder: 0.3% by mass were blended with respect to tungsten carbide (WC) power having an average diameter of particles of 0.3 m. Then, binder or a solvent was added and mixed to produce slurry, thereby producing particles having the average diameters indicated in Table 1 using a spray dryer.

(28) A press-molding die illustrated in FIG. 2 provided with a die including four cavities was prepared, and press-molding was performed using the pelletized powder described above, thereby producing the molded bodies having the average diameters (diameter D.sub.A on lower punch side and diameter D.sub.B on upper punch side) indicated in Table 1. Regarding the molded body of sample No. 6, the die was changed to another die having a length of 30 mm. In the table, the lowering amounts of the upper punch by the additional load after pressurizing were simply indicated as lowering amount. In order to evaluate stability in the press-molding, one hundred molded bodies were produced, and whether or not a disadvantage such as damage to the punch was caused was determined. The molded bodies were fired at 1,350 C. in vacuo, thereby forming the blanks.

(29) In the longitudinal direction of the obtained blank, dimensions of diameters of the one end A and the other end B, and the minimum diameter of the central portion C were measured and listed in Table 2 (d.sub.A, d.sub.B, d.sub.C). The lengths of the blanks in the longitudinal direction were 8 mm excluding the sample No. 6, and aspect ratios (8/d.sub.A) were also listed in Table 1. Structures of the cemented carbide were observed at a magnification of 5,000 times using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the average diameters of the WC grains in the one end A, the other end B, and the central portion C were calculated through a LUZEXR analysis method. The results were indicated in Table 2. Since the average diameters of the WC grains in both the one end A and the other end B were the same with each other, lists of the average diameters of the WC grains in the other end B were omitted.

(30) The drill was produced using the blank, and drilling tests were carried out under the conditions described below. The results were indicated in Table 2.

(31) (Conditions of Drilling Test)

(32) Material to be Cut: FR-4 lamella, FR-6 lamella; thickness of 1.6 mm; double layered

(33) Drill Shape: undercut-type of 0.3 mm

(34) Number of Revolutions: 120 krpm

(35) Feed Rate: 2.4 m/min

(36) Item of Evaluation: the number of product successfully performed drilling (number).

(37) TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Molding Conditions Average Unevenness Diameter of in Particle Lowering Molded body Sample Particles Size Amount D.sub.A D.sub.B D.sub.B/ No. (m) (m) (mm) (mm) (mm) D.sub.A Molding State 1 100 80 1.0 1.30 1.30 1.00 stably molded 2 120 75 1.5 1.00 0.97 0.97 stably molded 3 130 90 1.0 1.50 1.50 1.00 stably molded 4 150 70 0.5 2.46 2.35 0.96 stably molded 5 120 60 2.0 2.10 2.10 1.00 stably molded 6 60 75 2.0 10.00 10.00 1.00 stably molded 7 200 80 1.0 1.30 1.20 0.92 stably molded 8 60 70 1.0 1.30 1.30 1.00 Damage to lower punch 9 100 120 1.0 1.00 1.00 1.00 stably molded 10 120 80 3.0 1.06 1.05 0.99 stably molded 11 120 80 0.0 1.06 1.03 0.97 stably molded 12 120 70 1.5 2.50 2.40 0.96 stably molded

(38) TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Blank Average Diameter Number of of Particles of Processed Sample d.sub.A d.sub.C d.sub.B d.sub.B/ d.sub.C/ Aspect Cemented Carbide Blanks No. (mm) (mm) (mm) d.sub.A d.sub.A Ratio.sup.1) A(m) C(m) (number) 1 1.05 1.03 1.04 0.994 0.984 7.64 0.35 0.33 5,300 2 0.81 0.79 0.80 0.988 0.975 9.88 0.37 0.35 4,500 3 1.22 1.21 1.22 0.998 0.990 6.54 0.34 0.31 5,000 4 2.00 1.97 2.00 1.000 0.985 4.00 0.32 0.32 4,000 5 1.72 1.67 1.68 0.976 0.970 4.65 0.32 0.31 4,100 6 8.10 8.03 8.10 1.000 0.991 3.70 0.29 0.29 Not produceable 7 1.05 0.94 1.02 0.969 0.893 7.60 0.32 0.29 2,200 8 1.05 0.97 1.03 0.984 0.927 7.64 0.42 0.42 3,700 9 0.81 0.72 0.80 0.988 0.889 9.88 0.32 0.28 2,600 10 0.86 0.76 0.82 0.955 0.885 9.32 0.32 0.28 2,800 11 0.89 0.82 0.82 0.921 0.921 8.99 0.33 0.27 2,700 12 2.00 1.97 1.99 0.995 0.985 4.00 0.33 0.31 4,300 .sup.1)Aspect Ratio: a ratio of the length to the diameter d.sub.A of one end of the drill blank

(39) According to Tables 1 and 2, in the sample No. 6 of which d.sub.A exceeds 2 mm, the diameter of the blank was excessively large and causes an excessive grinding portion so that processing of the drill was not realistic and the producing of the drill was abandoned. The sample No. 8 of which the average diameter of the particles was smaller than 100 m has failed to stably perform the press-molding, resulting in damage to the lower punch, and the producing of the drill blank was abandoned in the middle of producing. Moreover, regarding the sample No. 7 of which the average diameter of the particles was larger than 150 m, the sample No. 9 which was molded with a base material having unevenness in particle size equal to or larger than 100 m, and the sample No. 10 of which the lowering amount of the additional load by the upper punch after pressurizing exceeded 2 mm, d.sub.C/d.sub.A became smaller than 0.9 and the number of processed blanks were a few. A cause thereof was considered to be structural unevenness of the sintered compact. Regarding the sample No. 11 to which the additional load was not applied by the upper punch after pressurizing, d.sub.B/d.sub.A became smaller than 0.96, and thus, precision in brazing was deteriorated when performing the brazing.

(40) In contrast, regarding the samples No. 1 to 5 and 12 in which d.sub.A and d.sub.B were equal to or smaller than 2 mm, d.sub.Ad.sub.B>d.sub.C, the ratio of the length L to d.sub.A was equal to or larger than 3, and d.sub.B/d.sub.A is 0.96 to 1 and d.sub.C/d.sub.A is 0.9 to 0.995, good blank were produced without damaging the lower punch.

REFERENCE SIGNS LIST

(41) 1 drill 2 blank (drill blank) A one end B the other end C central portion 3 shank 5 cutting edge 6 flute groove forming portion 7 neck portion 8 body d.sub.A diameter of one end A side d.sub.B diameter of the other end B side d.sub.C minimum diameter of central portion D.sub.A diameter of molded body on lower punch side D.sub.B diameter of molded body on upper punch side