Apparatus for protecting the safety of persons with restricted mobility in a vehicle

Abstract

An apparatus is provided for protecting the safety of persons, in particular wheelchair users, in a vehicle. The apparatus includes a headrest and/or backrest, and at least one holder, to which the headrest and/or backrest is attached, for holding the headrest and/or backrest. The holder is adapted to change the horizontal distance (X.sub.K) of the headrest and/or the horizontal distance (X.sub.R) of the backrest in the direction of travel from the person. Advantageously, the holder includes at least one cushioning device for cushioning the impact of a person or a wheelchair against the headrest and/or backrest.

Claims

1. An apparatus for protecting the safety of a person in a vehicle, comprising: a headrest and/or backrest; at least one holder, to which the headrest and/or backrest is attached, for holding the headrest and/or backrest, wherein the holder is adapted to change a horizontal distance (X.sub.K) of the headrest and/or a horizontal distance (X.sub.R) of the backrest in a direction of travel from the person, and wherein the holder includes at least one cushioning device for cushioning an impact of the person or a wheelchair against the headrest and/or backrest, wherein the at least one cushioning device includes a cushioning member which is adapted to resist a movement of the headrest and/or backrest up to a load limit (F.sub.Grenz) that is less than a load produced on the headrest and/or backrest during an impact or rebound wherein the apparatus includes at least one pivoted arm to which the at least one holder is attached, the holders of the headrest and the backrest each being attached to a separately pivoted arm, and the at least one pivoted arm being attached to a pillar.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one cushioning device is adapted to cushion an impact of the person or the wheelchair against the headrest and/or backrest in the event of the vehicle being involved in a collision and on a subsequent rebound.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one holder is attached to the pillar.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one pivoted arm is telescopic.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one pivoted arm is pivoted about a vertical axis.

6. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the at least one pivoted arm is pivoted about a vertical axis.

7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the holder includes at least one height adjustment mechanism which is adapted to position the headrest and/or backrest at a particular height.

8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus includes an anchoring element for anchoring it to a floor of the vehicle, comprising at least one plate having a plurality of openings for passing through bolts and/or fasteners for locking the at least one plate form-fittingly to the vehicle.

9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the cushioning device includes one of a ratchet and an air-pressure spring, either of which resists the movement of the headrest and/or backrest up to the load limit (F.sub.Grenz).

10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the holder has hollow profiles.

11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the cushioning member is disposed inside the holder.

12. An apparatus for protecting the safety of a person in a vehicle, comprising: a headrest and/or backrest; at least one holder, to which the headrest and/or backrest is attached, for holding the headrest and/or backrest, wherein the holder is adapted to change a horizontal distance (X.sub.K) of the headrest and/or a horizontal distance (X.sub.R) of the backrest in a direction of travel from the person, and wherein the holder includes at least one cushioning device for cushioning an impact of the person or a wheelchair against the headrest and/or backrest, wherein the at least one cushioning device is adapted to cushion an impact of the person or the wheelchair against the headrest and/or backrest in the event of the vehicle being involved in a collision and on a subsequent rebound; the apparatus includes a pillar; the at least one holder is attached to the pillar; the apparatus includes at least one pivoted arm to which the at least one holder is attached, the holders of the headrest and the backrest each being attached to a separately pivoted arm, and the at least one pivoted arm being attached to the pillar; the at least one pivoted arm is telescopic; the at least one pivoted arm is pivoted about a vertical axis; the holder includes at least one height adjustment mechanism which is adapted to position the headrest and/or backrest at a particular height; the apparatus includes an anchoring element for anchoring it to a floor of the vehicle, comprising at least one plate having a plurality of openings for passing through bolts and/or fasteners for locking the at least one plate form-fittingly to the vehicle; the at least one cushioning device includes a cushioning member; the cushioning device includes a ratchet which is adapted to resist a movement of the headrest and/or backrest up to a load limit (F.sub.Grenz) that is less than a load produced on the headrest and/or backrest during an impact or rebound; the holder has hollow profiles; and the cushioning member is disposed inside the holder.

13. A vehicle for transporting wheelchair users, comprising a vehicle structure and the apparatus of claim 1 that is anchored to the vehicle structure.

14. The vehicle of claim 13, wherein the apparatus is anchored to a floor or a side wall of the vehicle.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) Further advantages, features and possible applications of the present invention will be apparent from the following detailed description in connection with the drawings. The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate one of more embodiments of the invention and, together with the general description given above and the detailed description given below, explain the one or more embodiments of the invention.

(2) FIG. 1 is a schematic top perspective view of the vehicle with a person sitting in a wheelchair and with the apparatus according to a preferred embodiment that can be anchored to the vehicle structure, aligned in a protective position.

(3) FIG. 2 is a schematic top perspective view of the rear section of the vehicle shown in FIG. 1, with the apparatus in an open position.

(4) FIG. 3 is a schematic top perspective view of the inner lower vehicle structure with the person sitting in a wheelchair and with the apparatus according to the preferred embodiment that can be anchored to the vehicle structure, aligned in a protective position.

(5) FIG. 4 is a schematic top perspective view of the inner lower vehicle structure with the person sitting in a wheelchair and with the apparatus according to the preferred embodiment in the open position.

(6) FIG. 5 is a detailed top perspective view of the apparatus according to the preferred embodiment.

(7) FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of the arm and the headrest holder shown in FIG. 5.

(8) FIG. 7 shows a detail in the region of the headrest holder, including a partial cross-sectional view of the holder according to the preferred embodiment.

(9) FIG. 8 is an enlarged view of the arm and backrest holder shown in FIG. 5.

(10) FIG. 9 shows a detail in the region of the backrest holder, including a partial cross-sectional view of the holder according to the preferred embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(11) FIG. 1 shows a vehicle 300 for transporting persons 100, in particular wheelchair users, having a vehicle structure 400 and an apparatus 2 according to a preferred embodiment that can be anchored to vehicle structure 400. A person 100 sitting in a wheelchair 200 is secured inside vehicle structure 400 and on vehicle floor 500 via the wheelchair. Apparatus 2, having a head restraint 4 and a backrest 6, is aligned in a protective position. The apparatus has two pivoted arms 14 and a pillar 12 (also referred to as column 12), wherein arms 14 are rotatably attached to column 12. Column 12, for its part, is anchored to vehicle structure 400. Reference sign 3 illustrates with an arrow the general direction of travel of vehicle 300, the longitudinal axis of the vehicle extending parallel to the arrow.

(12) FIG. 2 shows the rear section of the vehicle 300 shown in FIG. 1, with apparatus 2 in an open position. In the open position shown here, the two pivoted arms 14, to which headrest 4 and backrest 6 are attached, are rotated approximately 90 about a vertical axis 16 relative to the protective position.

(13) FIG. 3 shows the inner lower vehicle structure 400 of the rear section of vehicle 300 according to the embodiment. Here, apparatus 2 is aligned in a protective position. In FIGS. 1 and 2, the person 100 sitting in wheelchair 200, and wheelchair 200 itself, are secured inside the vehicle structure, or anchored to the vehicle floor, respectively. The headrest is at a horizontal distance (X.sub.K) and the backrest at a horizontal distance (X.sub.R) from the person.

(14) Analogously to FIG. 2, FIG. 4 shows apparatus 2 in the open position, the two pivoted arms 14 having been rotated approximately 90 about vertical axis 16.

(15) FIG. 5 shows an enlarged view of apparatus 2 according to the embodiment, with two pivoted telescopic arms 14. There are two locking devices 18 on column 12, one for each of arms 14 and which have to be released in order to pivot the associated arm 14 about column 12. Column 12, and apparatus 2, is designed to be connectable to the vehicle structure via a fastening plate 22, which serves as an anchoring element. In operation, fastening plate 22 is securely anchored to the vehicle structure, such as via pass through of bolts and/or fasteners. Column 12 is additionally fixed by a stiffening plate 23 to fastening plate 22.

(16) Each of the pivoted telescopic arms 14 has a telescopic profile 15. Telescopic profiles 15 can each be pushed in the longitudinal direction into and out of the associated arm 14. Telescopic profiles 15 each have a fixing device for a telescopic profile, for fixing the pulled-out position. Holders 8 for holding the headrest 4 and backrest 6 are each attached to arms 14 and telescopic profiles 15. Holders 8 are adapted to change the horizontal distances of headrest 4 and backrest 6 (X.sub.K, X.sub.R) from the person in direction of travel 3. The vertical position of the headrest 4 and backrest 6 can be adjusted to the person via height adjustment mechanisms 20. Headrest 4 and backrest 6 are adjusted horizontally by telescoping pivoted arms 14 and by retracting and pulling out telescopic profiles 15 and via the aforementioned holders 8.

(17) Holders 8 each comprise, inter alia, hollow profiles 28, or have such hollow profiles, in combination with other components. In the embodiment shown here, holders 8 have, inter alia, T-shaped constructions 28, wherein each of the hollow profiles 28 extending transversely to the direction of travel has holes for receiving headrest 4 and backrest 6, respectively. Headrest 4 and backrest 6 each have rods 5 extending perpendicularly on the rear side and which are inserted into the holes. The holder 8 of headrest 4, or the cushioning device of headrest 4, has a ratchet 26 that resists the movement of headrest 4 up to a load limit F.sub.Grenz that is less than the load produced on headrest 4 and/or backrest 6 during an impact or rebound.

(18) FIG. 6 shows an enlarged view of arm 14 and the holder 8 of headrest 4, with hollow profiles 28 according to the embodiment. When the pivoted arm 14 and headrest 4 are in the position for protecting person 100, as can be seen in FIG. 6, a force is exerted on holder 8 and cushioning device 10 in the event of an impact, in particular an impact in the direction of travel 3 or in the opposite direction.

(19) FIG. 7 shows a detail in the region of the holder 8 of the headrest 4 of apparatus 2 according to the embodiment, as a cross-sectional view of holder 8 and its associated arm 14. In the event of an impact, in particular an impact in the direction of travel 3 or in the opposite direction, ratchet 26 is overcome due to a force greater than load limit (F.sub.Grenz) acting upon it. This causes deformation of cushioning member 24 shown here, and to the energy produced by the impact being converted inside cushioning member 24 into deformation energy, with cushioning device 10 being pushed together in the opposite direction to the direction of travel.

(20) Analogously to the Figures described above, FIG. 8 shows an enlarged view of arm 14 and the holder 8 of backrest 6, with hollow profiles 28 according to the embodiment.

(21) FIG. 9 shows, analogously to FIG. 7, a further enlarged detail in the region of the holder 8 of the backrest 6 of apparatus 2. In the event of a collision, cushioning is performed by a cushioning member 24 provided in the form of an air-pressure spring, cushioning device 10 and the air-pressure spring being pushed together in the opposite direction to the direction of travel.

(22) The embodiments described above are only descriptions of preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various variations and modifications can be made to the technical solution of the present invention by those of ordinary skills in the art, without departing from the design and spirit of the present invention. The variations and modifications should all fall within the claimed scope defined by the claims of the present invention.