POWER GENERATING MACHINE SYSTEM

Abstract

A power generating machine system is connected to the thermodynamic field similar to a steam power plant that can be used both mobile and in a fixed manner, which uses fluid liquid nitrogen and/or liquid air mixture and atmosphere air as an energy source. The power generating machine system is not harmful to the environment.

Claims

1- A power generating machine system, comprising the following components: a first heater located in the system, a second heater connected to the first heater, a third heater connected to the second heater, fourth heater connected to the third heater, a first turbine connected to the fourth heater, a second turbine having a first end connected to the first heater and second end connected to the first turbine, a first pump located between the first heater and a reservoir, a second pump located between the first heater and the second heater, a third pump located between the second heater and the third beater, a fourth pump located between the third heater and the fourth heater.

2- The power generating machine system according to claim 1, wherein the reservoir is connected to the first heater.

3- The power generating machine system according to claim 1, comprising a valve located between the first heater and the second heater, between the second heater and the third heater and between the third heater and the fourth heater.

4- The power generating machine system according to claim 1, comprising a first turbine opening enabling a connection between the turbine and the first heater.

5- The power generating machine system according to claim 1, comprising a second turbine opening enabling a connection between the first turbine and the second.

6- The power generating machine system according to claim 1, comprising a third turbine opening enabling a connection between the first turbine and the third heater.

7- The power generating machine system according to claim 1, comprising an exhaust opening located on the on turbine.

8- The power generating machine system according to claim 2, comprising a valve located between the first heater and the second heater, between the second heater and the third heater and between the third heater and the fourth heater.

9- The power generating machine system according to claim 2, comprising a first turbine opening enabling a connection between the turbine and the first heater.

10- The power generating machine system according to claim 3, comprising a first turbine opening enabling a connection between the turbine and the first heater.

11- The power generating machine system according to claim 2, comprising a second turbine opening enabling a connection between the first turbine and the second heater.

12- The power generating machine system according to claim 3, comprising a second turbine opening enabling a connection between the first turbine and the second heater.

13- The power generating machine system according to claim 4, comprising a second turbine opening enabling a connection between the first turbine and the second heater.

14- The power generating machine system according to claim 2, comprising a third turbine opening enabling a connection between the first turbine and the third heater.

15- The power generating machine system according to claim 3, comprising a third turbine opening enabling a connection between the first turbine and the third heater.

16- The power generating machine system according to claim 4, comprising a third turbine opening enabling a connection between the first turbine and the third heater.

17- The power generating machine system according to claim 5, comprising a third turbine opening enabling a connection between the first turbine and the third heater.

18- The power generating machine system according to claim 2, comprising an exhaust opening located on the second turbine.

19- The power generating machine system according to claim 3, comprising an exhaust opening located on the second turbine.

20- The power generating machine system according to claim 4, comprising an exhaust opening located on the second turbine.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] The power generating machine system provided to reach the aims of the invention has been illustrated in the attached FIGURES.

[0017] According to these figures;

[0018] FIGURE is the schematic view of the power generating machine system.

[0019] The parts in the figures have each been numbered and their references have been listed below. [0020] 17. Heater I [0021] 18. Heater II [0022] 19. Heater III [0023] 20. Heater IV [0024] 21. Turbine I [0025] 22. Turbine II [0026] 23. Housing [0027] 24. Pump I [0028] 25. Pump II [0029] 26. Pump II [0030] 27. Pump IV [0031] 28. Valve [0032] 29. Turbine opening I, [0033] 30. Turbine opening II, [0034] 31. Turbine opening III, [0035] 32. Exhaust opening

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENT

[0036] A force machine system comprising the parts of; [0037] Heater I (1) located in the system, [0038] Heater II (2) connected to the Heater I (1), [0039] Heater III (3) connected to the Heater II (2), [0040] Heater IV (4) connected to the Heater III (3), [0041] Turbine I (5) connected to the Heater IV (4), [0042] Heater (4) whose one end is connected to the Heater I (1) and the other end to the turbine I (5), [0043] Reservoir (7) connected to the Heater I (1), [0044] Pump I (8) located between the Heater I (1) and reservoir (7), [0045] Pump II (9) located between the Heater I (1) and the heater II (2), [0046] Pump II (10) located between the Heater I (2) and the heater III (3), [0047] Pump IV (11) located between the Heater I (3) and the heater IV (4), [0048] Valve (12) located between heater I (1), and heater II (2), heater II (2) and heater III (3) and heater III (3) and heater IV (4), [0049] Turbine opening I (15) which enables connection between the turbine I (5) and heater I (1), [0050] Turbine opening II (14) which enables connection between the turbine I (5) and heater II (2), [0051] Turbine opening II (13) which enables connection between the turbine I (5) and the heater I (3), [0052] Exhaust opening (16) located on the turbine II (6).

[0053] In the system subject to the invention the superheated steam from the heater IV (4) located inside the heater IV (4) heated by means of air, enters into the turbine I (5). The superheated steam expands and is operated isoentropically in the turbine I (5). The expanded superheated steam in the turbine I (5), is transferred to heater I (1), heater II (2) and heater III (3) respectively by means of the turbine opening I (13), turbine opening II (4) and turbine opening I (15).

[0054] If necessary, isoentropical expansion needs to be supported in the turbine I (6) and turbine I (5) located in the system subject to the invention. Following this steam is re-heated until ambient temperature is reached with the heater IV (4). The heated steam operates isoentropically and is discharged.

[0055] Liquid nitrogen or liquid air in the reservoir (7) at atmospheric pressure is drawn from the reservoir (7) with the aid of a pump I (8). Pump I (8) pumps the liquid obtained from the reservoir (7) up to a pressure of 8.925 bars. Liquid steam obtained from the pump I (8) is sprayed onto the heater I (1). Steam can be condensed up to m.sup.3/kg depending on the amount of sprayed liquid.

[0056] The steam condensed in the heater I (1) is transferred to the heater II (2) via the pump II (9). The cool liquid pumped from the heater (1) is sprayed to the heater II (2). Due to the sprayed liquid, steam received from the turbine opening II (14) of the turbine I (5) is condensed depending on the amount of steam and the temperature of cool steam. The steam condensed in the heater I (1) is transferred to heater I (2) pressure via the pump II (9).

[0057] The cold liquid pumped from heater I (1) is sprayed to Heater II (2) and the cold liquid pumped from heater II (2) is sprayed to the heater (III). Steam received from the turbine opening I (13) is condensed depending on the amount of steam and the temperature of cool steam. The pump III (10) pumps the liquid obtained from heater II (2) and transfers it to heater III (3). The heater III (3) sprays the liquid received from pump III (10) to heater IV (4) and the liquid obtained from heater (III) is pumped to heater (IV). The pump III (10) pumps the liquid obtained from heater III (3) to heater IV (4). The heater IV (4), heats the liquid received from pump III (10) via a ventilator by using atmosphere air and the system is completed.

[0058] In order to obtain the real cycle of steam engines, it is necessary to take into account the required difference in order to overcome frictional losses occurring at various points and heat losses and to provide heat transfer in the heaters. This value is accepted as +5K in calculations. It has been accepted that heat flow to the environment from the pump and the turbines is accepted to be zero. Said losses have been accepted to be η.sub.it=0.90 ve η.sub.ip=0.80 when the pump and turbine indicated yields are taken into consideration.

[0059] According to a different embodiment of the invention, number of heaters can be changed according to turbine numbers and machine size located in the system.

[0060] Thermodynamic calculations relating to the Invention;

[0061] Thermodynamic features in 1 atmosphere of air: air=−25° C., m=28.9586 g/mol

TABLE-US-00001 P (MPa) 0.09129(MP.sub.a) 0.101325(MP.sub.a) 0.10245(MP.sub.a) h (j/mol) −3702.1/2198.3 h.sub.s/h.sub.b −3,645.9/2221.2 s (j/mol .Math. K) 85.624/163.09 s.sub.s/s.sub.b 86.334/162.34 v (mol/dm.sup.3) 30.357 v.sub.s 30.200 T (K) 78 T 79

[00001]$\begin{array}{c}\frac{0.101325-0.09129}{0.10245-0.09139}=\frac{hs+3,702.1}{-3,645.9+3,702.1}.Math.h_s\\ =-3651.11j/\mathrm{mol}\\ ~=\frac{Ss-85.624}{86.334-85.624}.Math.S_s\\ =86.268j/\mathrm{mol}.K\\ ~=\frac{Vs-30.357}{30.2-30.357}.Math.V_s\\ =30.21455\mathrm{mol}/1\\ ~=\frac{T-78}{79-78}.Math.T\\ =78.91K\\ ~=\frac{hb-2198.3}{2221.2-2198.3}.Math.h_b\\ =2,219.1j/\mathrm{mol}\\ ~=\frac{Sb-163.09}{162.34-163.09}.Math.S_b\\ =162.41j/\mathrm{mol}\end{array}$

P.sub.1=10,0 MP.sub.a, h.sub.1=217.055k.sub.j/k.sub.g
T.sub.1=248K, s.sub.1=152.164j/mol.Math.K.fwdarw.

TABLE-US-00002 T 240 248 250 h 5,985.3 h.sub.1 6,360.7 s 150.94 s.sub.1 152.47

[00002]$\begin{array}{c}\frac{248-240}{250-240}=\frac{h1-5,985.3}{6,360.7-5,985.3}.Math.h_1\\ =6,285.62j/\mathrm{mol}\\ ~=\frac{S1-150.94}{152.47-150.94}.Math.S_1\\ =152.164j/\mathrm{mol}.K\end{array}$

P.sub.2=3.72284MP.sub.a, h.sub.2=158.983k.sub.j/k.sub.g
S.sub.2=S.sub.1=152.164j/mol.Math.K

P=2.0 MP.SUB.a

[0062]

TABLE-US-00003 s 151.50 152.169 152.69 h 3,822.5 h.sub.2.0 4004.9

[00003]$\frac{152.164-151.9}{152.69-151.9}=\frac{h2.-3,882.5}{4,4.9-3,882.5}.Math.h_{2.}=3,924.28j/\mathrm{mol}$

TABLE-US-00004 s 151.90 152.164 153.69 h 5,053.8 h.sub.5.0 5,419.6

[00004]$\frac{152.164-151.9}{153.69-151.9}=\frac{h5.-5,53.8}{5,419.6-5,53.8}.Math.h_{5.}=5,107.75j/\mathrm{mol}$

TABLE-US-00005 P 2.0 3.72284 5.0 H 3,924.28 h.sub.2 5,107.75

[00005]$\frac{3,722.84-2.}{5.-2.}=\frac{h2-3,924.28}{5,107.75-3,924.28}.Math.h_2=4,603.92j/\mathrm{mol}$

P.sub.3=2.87207 MP.sub.a, h.sub.3=147.393 k.sub.j/k.sub.g
s.sub.3=s.sub.1=152.164 j/mol.Math.K

P=2.0 MP.SUB.a

[0063]

TABLE-US-00006 s 151.50 152.164 152.69 h 3,882.5 h.sub.2.0 4,004.9

[00006]$\frac{152.164-151.9}{152.69-151.9}=\frac{h2.-3,882.5}{4,4.9-3,882.5}.Math.h_{2.}=3,924.285j/\mathrm{mol}$

P=5.0 MPa

[0064]

TABLE-US-00007 s 151.90 152.164 153.69 h 5,053.8 h.sub.5.0 5,419.6

[00007]$\frac{152.164-151.9}{153.69-151.9}=\frac{h5.-5,53.8}{5,419.6-5,53.8}.Math.h_{5.}=5,107.75j/\mathrm{mol}$

TABLE-US-00008 p 2.0 2.87207 5.0 h 3,924.28 h.sub.3 5,107.75

[00008]$\frac{2.87207-2.}{5.-2.}=\frac{h3-3,924.28}{5,107.75-3,924.26}.Math.h_3=4,268.3j/\mathrm{mol}$

P.sub.4=1.04961 MP.sub.a, h.sub.4=112.559 k.sub.j/k.sub.g
s.sub.4=s.sub.1=152.164 j/mol.Math.K

TABLE-US-00009 s 152.13 152.164 152.70 h 3,220.6 h.sub.1.0 3,292.1

[00009]$\frac{152.164-152.13}{152.7-152.13}=\frac{h1.-3,220.6}{3,292.1-3,220.6}.Math.h_{1.}=3,224.86j/\mathrm{mol}$

P=2.0 MP.SUB.a

[0065]

TABLE-US-00010 s 151.50 152.164 152.69 h 3,822.5 h.sub.2.0 4,004.9

[00010]$\frac{152.164-151.5}{152.69-151.5}=\frac{h2.-3,822.5}{4,4.9-3,822.5}.Math.h_{2.}=3,924.285j/\mathrm{mol}$

TABLE-US-00011 p 1.0 1.04961 2.0 h 3,224.86 h.sub.4 3,924.28

[00011]$\frac{1.04961-1.}{2.-1.}=\frac{h4-3,224.86}{3,924.28-3,224.86}.Math.h_4=3,259.55j/\mathrm{mol}$

P.sub.5=1,04961 MP.sub.a h.sub.5=244.873 k.sub.j/k.sub.g
T.sub.5=248 K s.sub.5=173.689 j/mol.Math.K

TABLE-US-00012 T 240 248 250 h 6,857.4 h.sub.1.0 7,155.5 s 173.01 s.sub.1.0 174.23

[00012]$\begin{array}{c}\frac{248-240}{250-240}=\begin{array}{cc}\frac{h1.-6,857.4}{7,155.5-6,857.4}& .Math.h_{1.}=7,95.885j/\mathrm{mol}\end{array}\\ \sim =\begin{array}{cc}\frac{s1.-173.01}{174.23-173.01}& .Math.s_{1.}=173.99j/\mathrm{mol}\end{array}\end{array}$

P=2.0 MP.SUB.a

[0066]

TABLE-US-00013 T 240 248 250 h 6,756.1 h.sub.2.0 7,062.2 s 166.92 s.sub.2.0 168.17

[00013]$\begin{array}{c}\frac{248-240}{250-240}=\begin{array}{cc}\frac{h2.-6,756.1}{7,62.2-6,756.1}& .Math.h_{2.}=7,0.98j/\mathrm{mol}\end{array}\\ \sim =\begin{array}{cc}\frac{s2.-166.92}{168.17-166.92}& .Math.s_{2.}=167.92j/\mathrm{mol}\end{array}\end{array}$

TABLE-US-00014 p 1.0 1.04961 2.0 h 7,095.88 h.sub.5.0 7,000.98 s 173.99 s.sub.5 167.92

[00014]$\frac{1,496.1-1.}{2.-0.1}=\frac{h5-7,95.88}{7,0.98-7,95.88}.Math.h_5=7,91.172j/\mathrm{mol}$$\sim =\frac{s5-173.99}{167.92-173.99}.Math.s_5=173.689j/\mathrm{mol}$

P.sub.6=0.101325MP.sub.a h.sub.5=125.706k.sub.j/k.sub.g
s.sub.6=s.sub.5=173.689 j/mol.Math.K T.sub.6=126.8 K
S.sub.6=s.sub.s=s.sub.s+x(s.sub.b−s.sub.s)
173,689=86.268+x(162,41−86,268)
173,689−86.268=76.142x
x=1.148 (at the superheated vapour region)

TABLE-US-00015 s 173.50 173.689 173.96 h 3,616.0 h.sub.6 3,675.1 T 126 T6 128

[00015]$\frac{173.689-173.5}{173.96-173.5}=\frac{h6-3,616.}{3,6751-3,616.}.Math.h_6=3,640.28j/\mathrm{mol}$$\sim =\frac{T6-126}{128-126}.Math.T_6=126.8K$

P.SUB.7.=0.101325 MPa

[0067] v.sub.7=30.21455 mol/l.fwdarw.v.sub.7=0.00114289 m.sup.3/k.sub.g
h.sub.7=−3651.11 j/mol.fwdarw.h.sub.7=−126.080 k.sub.j/k.sub.g
−W.sub.Pa=v.sub.7 (P.sub.8−P.sub.7).fwdarw.−W.sub.Pa=0.00114289 (1049.61−101.325)=1.084 k.sub.j/k.sub.g
−W.sub.Pa=1.084 k.sub.j/k.sub.g
−W.sub.Pa−h.sub.8−h.sub.7.fwdarw.1.084=h.sub.8+126.080.fwdarw.h.sub.8=−124.996 k.sub.j/k.sub.g
P.sub.9=1.04961 MP.sub.a v.sub.9=25.058 mol/l.fwdarw.v.sub.9=0.00137809 m.sup.3/k.sub.g
h.sub.9=−1,967.8 j/mol.fwdarw.h.sub.9=−67,952 k.sub.j/k.sub.g
−W.sub.Pb=v.sub.9(P.sub.10−P.sub.9).fwdarw.−W.sub.Pb=0.00137809(2872.07−1,049.6)
−W.sub.Pb=2.511 k.sub.j/k.sub.g
−W.sub.Pb=h.sub.10−h.sub.9.fwdarw.2.511=h.sub.10+67.952.fwdarw.h.sub.10=−65.411 k.sub.j/k.sub.g
P.sub.11=2.87207 MP.sub.a v.sub.11=19.278 mol/l.fwdarw.v.sub.11=0.00179127 m.sup.3/k.sub.g
h.sub.11=−475.47 j/mol.fwdarw.h.sub.11=−16.419 k.sub.j/k.sub.g
−W.sub.Pc=v.sub.11(P.sub.12−P.sub.11).fwdarw.−W.sub.Pc=0.00179127(3722.84−2872.07)
−W.sub.Pc=1.524 k.sub.j/k.sub.g
−W.sub.Pc=h.sub.12−h.sub.11.fwdarw.1.524=h.sub.12+16.419.fwdarw.h.sub.12=−14.899 k.sub.j/k.sub.g
P.sub.13=3.72284 MP.sub.a v.sub.13=14.198 mol/l.fwdarw.v.sub.13=0.00243218 m.sup.3/k.sub.g
h.sub.13=478.83 j/mol.fwdarw.h.sub.13=16.535 k.sub.j/k.sub.g
−W.sub.Pd=v.sub.13(P.sub.14−P.sub.13).fwdarw.−W.sub.Pd=0.00243218(10,000−3,722.84)
−W.sub.Pd=15.267 k.sub.j/k.sub.g
−W.sub.Pd=h.sub.14−h.sub.13.fwdarw.15.267=h.sub.14−16.535.fwdarw.h.sub.14=31.802 k.sub.j/k.sub.g
Calculations regarding Enthalpy points, pump works and condensed masses;

TABLE-US-00016 .sub. h.sub.1 = 217.055 k.sub.j/k.sub.g .sub. h.sub.2 = 158.983 k.sub.j/k.sub.g .sub. h.sub.3 = 147.393 k.sub.j/k.sub.g .sub. h.sub.4 = 112.559 k.sub.j/k.sub.g .sub. h.sub.5 = 244.873 k.sub.j/k.sub.g .sub. h.sub.6 = 125.706 k.sub.j/k.sub.g .sub. h.sub.7 = 126.080 k.sub.j/k.sub.g .sub. h.sub.8 = −124.996 k.sub.j/k.sub.g .sub. h.sub.9 = −67.952 k.sub.j/k.sub.g h.sub.10 = −65.441 k.sub.j/k.sub.g h.sub.11 = −16.419 k.sub.j/k.sub.g h.sub.12 = −14.895 k.sub.j/k.sub.g h.sub.13 = 16.535 k.sub.j/k.sub.g h.sub.14 = 31.802 k.sub.j/k.sub.g
m.sub.1=0.180 k.sub.g, m.sub.2=0.189 k.sub.g, m.sub.3=0.152 k.sub.g, m=0.520 k.sub.g
−W.sub.Pa=1.084 k.sub.j/k.sub.g, W.sub.Pb=2.511 k.sub.j/k.sub.g, −W.sub.Pc=1.524 k.sub.j/k.sub.g, −W.sub.Pd=15.267 k.sub.j/k.sub.g
m.sub.1(h.sub.2−h.sub.13)=(1−m.sub.1)(h.sub.13−h.sub.12).fwdarw.m.sub.1(158.983−16.353)=(1−m.sub.1)(16.553+14.895)
142.63m.sub.1=31.43−31.43m.sub.1.fwdarw.142.63m.sub.1+31.43m.sub.1=31.43
m.sub.1=0.180 k.sub.g
m.sub.2(h.sub.3−h.sub.11)=(1−m.sub.1−m.sub.2)
m.sup.2(147,393+16.419)=(1−0.180−m.sub.2)(−16.419+65.441)
163.812m.sub.2=40.198−49.022m.sub.2.fwdarw.m.sub.2=0.189k.sub.g
m.sub.3(h.sub.4−h.sub.9)=(1−m.sub.1−m.sub.2−m.sub.3)(h.sub.9−h.sub.8)
m.sub.3(112.559+67.952)=(1−0.180−0.189−m.sub.3)(−67.952+124.996)
180.511m.sub.3=35.995−57.044m.sub.3
180.511m.sub.3+57.044m.sub.4=35.995.fwdarw.m.sub.3=0.151k.sub.g
m=m.sub.1+m.sub.2+m.sub.3=0.180+0.188+0.0151=0.52k.sub.g
W=Specific job;
W.sub.T=h.sub.1−h.sub.2+(1−m.sub.1)(h.sub.2−h.sub.3)+(1−m.sub.1−m.sub.2)(h.sub.3−h.sub.4)+(1−m)(h.sub.5−h.sub.6)
W.sub.T=217.055−158.983+(1−0.180)(158.983−147.393)+(1−0.180−0.189) . . . x(147.393−112.559)+(1−0.520)(244.873−125.706)=

W.SUB.T.=58.072+9.504+21.980+57.200=146.756

[0068] W.sub.T=146.756k.sub.j/k.sub.g
W.sub.net=W.sub.T−(1−m)W.sub.Pa−(1−m+m.sub.3)W.sub.Pb−(1−m+m.sub.2+m.sub.3)W.sub.Pc−W.sub.Pd

W.SUB.net.=146.756−(1−0.520)1.084−(1−0,520+0.152)2.511+(1−0.520+0.152+0.189) . . . x 1.524−15.267

W.SUB.net.=146.756−0.520−1.758−1.251−15.267

[0069] W.sub.net=128.131 k.sub.j/k.sub.g

Thermal Efficiency;

[0070] q=h.sub.1−h.sub.14+(1−m)(h.sub.5−h.sub.4)
q=217.055−31.802+(1−0.520)(244.873−112.559)
q=185.253+63.511=248,764 k.sub.j/k.sub.g, q=248.764 kj/kg
η.sub.therma=W.sub.net/q=128.131/248.764=%51.51,η.sub.thermal=%51.51
Capacity of 1 k.sub.g fluid;
k=W.sub.net/(1−m)=128.131/(1−0.520)=266.939kj/kg, k=266.939kj/kg
Capacity for M=400 kg reservoir;

[00016]$K=\frac{\mathrm{kM}}{3600}=\left(\left(266.938\right)\left(400\right)\right)/3600=29.66\mathrm{kWh},K=29.66\mathrm{kWh}$

Irreversibility effect and Real Cycle;

[0071] In order to obtain the real cycle of steam engines, it is necessary to take into account the required difference in order to overcome frictional losses occurring at various points and heat losses and to provide heat transfer in the heaters.

[0072] Due to isoentropical compression and expansion division processes that are a crucial part of the compression process and the expansion process in a turbine, differences occur in thermodynamic features. It has been accepted that heat flow to the environment from the pump and the turbine is accepted to be zero. Said losses are as follows when pump and turbine indicated yields are taken into consideration;

[0073] Has been accepted as, η.sub.it=0.90, η.sub.ip=0.80

W.sub.it=W.sub.T.Math.η.sub.it=146.756×0.90=132.080k.sub.j/k.sub.g, W.sub.it=132.080k.sub.j/k.sub.g
−W.sub.ip=W.sub.p/η.sub.ip=(W.sub.T−W.sub.net)/η.sub.ip=(146−756−128.131)/0.8
−W.sub.ip=23.281 k.sub.j/k.sub.g
W.sub.net,i=W.sub.it−W.sub.ip=132.080−23.281=108.799 k.sub.j/k.sub.g
W.sub.net,i=108.799 k.sub.j/k.sub.g

[00017]$\begin{array}{c}{\eta }_{\mathrm{thermal}}=\frac{w_{\mathrm{it}}-w_{\mathrm{ip}}}{h1-h14+\left(1-m\right)\left(h5-h4\right)}.Math.h_{14}\\ =h_{13}+\left(\left(h_{14}-h_{13}\right)/{\eta }_{\mathrm{ip}}\right)\\ =16.535+\left(\left(31.802-16.535\right)\right)/\left(0.8\right).Math.h_{14}\\ =35.619\mathrm{kj}/\mathrm{kg}\end{array}$

η.sub.thermal=(132.080−23.281)/((217.055−35.619)+(1−0.520)(244.873−112.559))
η.sub.thermal=%44.42
Yield provided by 1 kg liquid air: k=W.sub.net/1−m=108.799/1−0.52
k=226.664k.sub.j/k.sub.g
Capacity of M=400 kg reservoir

K=k.Math.M/3600=((226.664×400))/3600→K=25.185 kWh

[0074] Thermodynamic calculations relating to the Invention;
Thermodynamic features of air in the atmosphere: air=+35° C., m=28.9586 g/mol

TABLE-US-00017 P (MPa) 0.09129(MP.sub.a) 0.101325(MP.sub.a) 0.10245(MP.sub.a) h (j/mol) −3702.1/2198.3 h.sub.s/h.sub.b −3,645.9/2221.2 s (j/mol .Math. K)  85.624/163.09 s.sub.s/s.sub.b  86.334/162.34 v (mol/dm.sup.3) 30.357 v.sub.s 30.200 T (K) 78 T 78.91

[00018]$\begin{array}{c}\frac{0.101325-0.09129}{0.10245-0.09139}=\frac{\mathrm{hs}+3,702.1}{-3,645.9+3,702.1}.Math.h_s\\ =-3651.11j/\mathrm{mol}\\ \sim =\frac{\mathrm{Ss}-85.624}{86.334-85.624}.Math.s_s=86.268j/\mathrm{mol}.Math.K\\ \sim =\frac{\mathrm{Vs}-30.357}{30.2-30.357}.Math.v_s=30.21455\mathrm{mol}/l\\ \sim =\frac{T-78}{79-78}.Math.T=78.91K\\ \sim =\frac{\mathrm{hb}-2198.3}{2221.2-2198.3}.Math.h_b=2,219.1j/\mathrm{mol}\\ \sim =\frac{\mathrm{Sb}-163.09}{162.34-163.09}.Math.s_b=162.41j/\mathrm{mol}\end{array}$

P.sub.1=10.0 MP.sub.a, h.sub.1=289.446 k.sub.j/k.sub.g
T.sub.1=308K, s.sub.1=159.752j/mol.Math.K

TABLE-US-00018 T 300 308 310 h 8,114.2 h.sub.1 8,448.9 s 158.88 s.sub.1 159.9

[00019]$\begin{array}{c}\frac{308-300}{310-300}=\frac{h1-8,114.2}{8,448.9-8,114.2}.Math.h_1=8,381.96j/\mathrm{mol}\\ \sim =\frac{S1-158.88}{159.97-158.88}.Math.s_1=159.752j/\mathrm{mol}.Math.K\end{array}$

P.sub.2=3.72284MP.sub.a, h.sub.2=211.815k.sub.j/k.sub.g
S.sub.1=S.sub.2=159.752 j/mol.Math.K

P=2.0 MP.SUB.a

[0075]

TABLE-US-00019 s 159.58 159.752 160.42 h 5,187.6 h.sub.2.0 5,348.6

[00020]$\frac{159.752-159.58}{160.42-159.58}=\frac{h2\text{.0}-5,187.6}{5,348.6-5,187.6}.Math.h_{2.}=5,220.57j/\mathrm{mol}$

TABLE-US-00020 s 159.66 159.752 160.94 h 6,787.4 h.sub.5.0 7,114.6

[00021]$\frac{159.752-159.66}{160.94-159.66}=\frac{h5\text{.0}-6,787.4}{7,114.6-6,787.4}.Math.h_{5.}=6,810.92j/\mathrm{mol}$

TABLE-US-00021 P 2.0 3.72289 5.0 H 5,220.57 h.sub.2 6,810.92

[00022]$\frac{3.72284-2.}{5.-2.}=\frac{h2-5,220.57}{6,810.92-5,220.57}.Math.h_2=6,133.876j/\mathrm{mol}$

P.sub.3=2,87207 MP.sub.a, h.sub.3=196.241 k.sub.j/k.sub.g
s.sub.3=s.sub.1=159.752j/mol.Math.K

P=2 MPa

[0076]

TABLE-US-00022 s 159.58 159.752 160.42 h 5487.6 h.sub.2.0 5,348.6

[00023]$\frac{159.752-159.58}{160.42-159.58}=\frac{h2\text{.0}-5,187.6}{5,348.6-5,187.6}.Math.h_{2.}=5,220.57j/\mathrm{mol}$

P=5.0 MP.SUB.a

[0077]

TABLE-US-00023 s 159.66 159.752 160.94 h 6,787.4 h.sub.5.0 7,114.6

[00024]$\frac{159.752-159.66}{160.94-159.66}=\frac{h5\text{.0}-6,787.4}{7,114.6-6,787.4}.Math.h_{5.}=6,810.92j/\mathrm{mol}$

TABLE-US-00024 p 2.0 2.87207 5.0 h 5,220.57 h.sub.3 6,810.92

[00025]$\frac{2.87207-2.}{5.-2.}=\frac{h3-5,220.57}{6,810.92-5,220.57}.Math.h_3=5,682.87j/\mathrm{mol}$

P.sub.4=1.04961 MP.sub.a h.sub.4=149.421 k.sub.j/h.sub.g
s.sub.4=s.sub.1=159.752 j/mol.Math.K

TABLE-US-00025 s 159.62 159.752 160.63 h 4,259.6 h.sub.1.0 4,418.16

[00026]$\frac{159.752-159.62}{160.63-159.62}=\frac{h1\text{.0}-4,259.6}{4,418.16-4,259.6}.Math.h_{1.}=4,280.38j/\mathrm{mol}$

P=2.0 MP.SUB.a

[0078]

TABLE-US-00026 s 159.58 159.752 160.42 h 5,187.6 h.sub.2.0 5,348.6

[00027]$\frac{159.752-159.58}{160.42-159.58}=\frac{h2\text{.0}-5,187.6}{5,348.6-5,187.6}.Math.h_{2.}=5,220.57j/\mathrm{mol}$

TABLE-US-00027 p 1.0 1.04961 2.0 h 4,280.38 h.sub.4 5,220.57

[00028]$\frac{1.04961-1.}{2.-1.}=\frac{h4-4,280.38}{5,220.57-4,280.38}.Math.h_4=4,327.02j/\mathrm{mol}$

P.sub.5=1,04961 MP.sub.a h.sub.5=306.352 k.sub.j/k.sub.g
T.sub.5=308 K s.sub.5=180.121 j/mol.Math.K

TABLE-US-00028 T 300 308 310 h 8,638.1 h.sub.1.0 8,933.6 s 179.64 s.sub.1.0 180.61

[00029]$\begin{array}{c}\frac{308-300}{310-300}=\frac{h1\text{.0}-8,638.1}{8,933.6-8,638.1}.Math.h_{1.}\\ =8,874.5j/\mathrm{mol}\\ ~=\frac{s1\text{.0}-179.64}{180.61-179.64}.Math.s_{1.}\\ =180.416j/\mathrm{mol}.K\end{array}$

P=2.0 MP.SUB.a

[0079]

TABLE-US-00029 T 300 308 310 h 8,574.3 h.sub.2.0 8,874.3 s 173.68 s.sub.2.0 174.67

[00030]$\begin{array}{c}\frac{308-300}{310-300}=\frac{h2.-8,574.3}{8,874.3-8,574.3}.Math.h_{2.}\\ =8,814.3j/\mathrm{mol}\\ ~=\frac{s2\text{.0}-173.68}{174.7-173.68}.Math.s_{2.}\\ =174.472j/\mathrm{mol}.K\end{array}$

TABLE-US-00030 p 1.0 1.04961 2.0 h 8,874.5 h.sub.5 8,814.3 s 180.416 s.sub.5 174.472

[00031]$\begin{array}{c}\frac{1.04961-1.}{2.-1.}=\frac{h5-8,874.5}{8,814.3-8,874.5}.Math.h_5\\ =8,871.51j/\mathrm{mol}\\ ~=\frac{s5-180.416}{174.472-180.416}.Math.s_5\\ =180.121j/\mathrm{mol}.K\end{array}$

P.sub.6=0.101325 MP.sub.a h.sub.6=157.217 k.sub.j/k.sub.g
s.sub.6=s.sub.5=180.120 j/mol.Math.K T.sub.6=157.88 K
s.sub.6=s.sub.5+x(s.sub.b−s.sub.s)
180,121=86.268+x(162,41−86,268)
180,121−86.268=76.142x
x=1.232 (at the superheated vapour region)

TABLE-US-00031 s 179.59 180.121 180.51 h 4,468.3 h.sub.6 4,614.7 T 155 T.sub.6 160

[00032]$\begin{array}{c}\frac{180.121-179.59}{180.51-179.59}=\frac{h6-4,468.3}{4,614.7-4,468.3}.Math.h_6\\ =4,552.798j/\mathrm{mol}\\ ~=\frac{T6-155}{160-155}.Math.T_6\\ =157.88K\end{array}$

P.SUB.7.=0.101325 MPa

[0080] v.sub.7=30.21455 mol/l.fwdarw.v.sub.7=0.00114289 m.sup.3/k.sub.g
h.sub.7=−3651.11 j/mol.fwdarw.h.sub.7=−126.080 k.sub.j/k.sub.g
−W.sub.Pa=v.sub.7(P.sub.8−P.sub.7).fwdarw.−W.sub.Pa=0.00114289 (1049.61−101.325)=1.084 k.sub.j/k.sub.g
−W.sub.Pa=1.084 k.sub.j/k.sub.g
−W.sub.Pa=h.sub.8−h.sub.7.fwdarw.1.084=h.sub.8+126.080Θh.sub.8=−124.996 k.sub.j/k.sub.g
P.sub.9=1.04961 MP.sub.a v.sub.9=25.058 mol/l.fwdarw.v.sub.9=0.00137809 m.sup.3/k.sub.g
h.sub.9=−1,967.8j/mol.fwdarw.h.sub.9=−67,952 k.sub.j/k.sub.g
−W.sub.Pb=v.sub.9(P.sub.10−P.sub.9).fwdarw.−W.sub.Pb=0.001378085 (2872.07−1,049.61)
−W.sub.Pb=2.511 k.sub.j/k.sub.g
−W.sub.Pv=h.sub.10−h.sub.9.fwdarw.2.511=h.sub.10+67.952.fwdarw.h.sub.10=−65.411 k.sub.j/k.sub.g
P.sub.11=2.87207 MP.sub.a v.sub.11=19.278 mol/l.fwdarw.v.sub.11=0.00179127 m.sup.3/k.sub.g
h.sub.11=−475.47 j/mol.fwdarw.h.sub.11=−16.419 k.sub.j/k.sub.g
−W.sub.Pc=v.sub.11(P.sub.12−P.sub.11).fwdarw.−W.sub.Pc=0.00179127(3722.84−2872.07)
−W.sub.Pc=1.524 k.sub.j/k.sub.g
−W.sub.Pc=h.sub.12−h.sub.11.fwdarw.1.524=h.sub.12+16.419.fwdarw.h.sub.12=−14.899 k.sub.j/k.sub.g
P.sub.13=3.72284 MP.sub.a v.sub.13=14.198 mol/l.fwdarw.v.sub.13=0.00243218 m.sup.3/k.sub.g
h.sub.13=478.83 j/mol.fwdarw.h.sub.13=16.535 k.sub.j/k.sub.g
−W.sub.Pd=v.sub.13(P.sub.14−P.sub.13).fwdarw.−W.sub.Pd=0.00243218(10,000−3,722.84)
−W.sub.Pd=15.267 k.sub.j/k.sub.g
−W.sub.Pd=h.sub.14−h.sub.13.fwdarw.15.267=h.sub.14−16.535.fwdarw.h.sub.14=31.802 k.sub.j/k.sub.g
Calculations regarding Enthalpy points, pump works and condensed masses;

TABLE-US-00032 .sub. h.sub.1 = 289.446 k.sub.j/k.sub.g   .sub. h.sub.2 = 211.815 k.sub.j/k.sub.g   .sub. h.sub.3 = 196.24 k.sub.j/k.sub.g    .sub. h.sub.4 = 149.421 k.sub.j/k.sub.g   .sub. h.sub.5 = 306.352 k.sub.j/k.sub.g   .sub. h.sub.6 = 157.217 k.sub.j/k.sub.g   .sub. h.sub.7 = −126.080 k.sub.j/k.sub.g .sub. h.sub.8 = −124.996 k.sub.j/k.sub.g .sub. h.sub.9 = −67.952 k.sub.j/k.sub.g  h.sub.10 = −65.441 k.sub.j/k.sub.g  h.sub.11 = −16.419 k.sub.j/k.sub.g  h.sub.12 = −14.895 k.sub.j/k.sub.g  h.sub.13 = 16.535 k.sub.j/k.sub.g    h.sub.14 = 31.802 k.sub.j/k.sub.g   
md1=0.139 k.sub.g, m.sub.2=0.161 k.sub.g, m.sub.3=0.145 k.sub.g, m=0,445 k.sub.g
−W.sub.Pa=1.084 k.sub.j/k.sub.g, −W.sub.Pb=2.511 k.sub.j/k.sub.g, −W.sub.Pc=1.524 k.sub.j/k.sub.g, −W.sub.Pd=15.267 k.sub.j/k.sub.g
m.sub.1(h.sub.2−h.sub.13)=(1-m.sub.1)(h.sub.13−h.sub.12).fwdarw.m.sub.1(211.815−16.353)=(1−m.sub.1)(16.553+14.895)
195.28m.sub.1=31.43−31.43m.sub.1.fwdarw.195.28m.sub.1+31.43m.sub.1=31.43
m.sub.1=0.139 k.sub.g
m.sub.2(h.sub.3−h.sub.1)=(1−m.sub.1−m.sub.2)(h.sub.11−h.sub.10)
m.sub.2(196,24+16.419)=(1−0.39−m.sub.2)(−16.419+65.441)
212.66m.sub.2+49.022m.sub.2=42.208.fwdarw.m.sub.2=0.161 k.sub.g
m.sub.3(h.sub.4−h.sub.9)=(1−m.sub.1−m.sub.2−m.sub.3)(h.sub.9−h.sub.8)
m.sub.3(149.421+67.952)=(1−0.139−0.161−m.sub.3)(−67.952+124.996)
217.373m.sub.3=39.931−57.044m3
217.373m.sub.3+57.044m.sub.1=39.931.fwdarw.m3=0.145 k.sub.g
m=m.sub.1+m.sub.2+m.sub.3=0.139+0.161+0.0145=0.445 k.sub.g
W.sub.T=h.sub.1-h.sub.2+(1−m.sub.1)(h.sub.2−h.sub.3)+(1−m.sub.1−m.sub.2)(h.sub.3−h.sub.4)+(1−m)(h.sub.5−h.sub.6)

W.SUB.T.=289.446−211.815+(1−0.139)(211.815−196.24)+(1−0.139−0.161) . . . =(196.24−149.421)+(1−0.446)(306.352−157.217=

W.SUB.T.=77.631+13.410+32.773+82.770=206.584

[0081] W.sub.T=206.584 k.sub.j/k.sub.g
W.sub.net=W.sub.T−(1−m)W.sub.Pa−(1−m+m.sub.3)W.sub.Pb−(1−m+m.sub.2+m.sub.3)W.sub.Pc−W.sub.Pd

W.SUB.net.=206.584−(1−0.445)1.084−(1−0,445+0.145)2.511−(1−0.445+0.161+0.145) . . . ×1.524−15.267

W.SUB.net.=206.584−0.602−1.758−1.312−15.267

[0082] W.sub.net=187.645 k.sub.j/k.sub.g

Thermal Efficiency;

[0083] q=h.sub.1−h.sub.14+(1−m)(h.sub.5−h.sub.4)
q=289.446−31.802+(1−0.445)(306.352−149.421)
q=257.644+87.097=344,741 k.sub.j/k.sub.g, q=344.741 kj/kg
η.sub.thermal=W.sub.net/q=187.645/344.741=%54.43,η.sub.thermal=%54.43
Capacity of 1 k.sub.g fluid;
k=W.sub.net/(1−m)=187.645/(1−0.445)=338.099 kj/kg, k=338.099 kj/kg
Capacity for M=400 kg reservoir;

[00033]$K=\frac{k.Math.M}{3600}=\left(\left(338.099\right)\left(400\right)\right)/3600=37.57\mathrm{kWh},K=37.57\mathrm{kWh}$

Irreversibility effect and Real Cycle;

[0084] In order to obtain the real cycle of steam engines, it is necessary to take into account the required difference in order to overcome frictional losses occurring in various amounts and heat losses and to provide heat transfer in the heaters.

[0085] Due to isoentropical compression and expansion division processes that are a crucial part of the compression process and the expansion process in a turbine, differences occur in thermodynamic features. It has been accepted that heat flow to the environment from the pump and the turbine is accepted to be zero. Said losses are as follows when pump and turbine indicated yields are taken into consideration;

[0086] Has been accepted as, η.sub.it=0.90, η.sub.ip=0.80.

W.sub.it=W.sub.T,η.sub.it=206.584.090=185.926 k.sub.j/k.sub.g, W.sub.net=185.926 k.sub.j/k.sub.g
−W.sub.ip=W.sub.p/η.sub.ip=(W.sub.T−W.sub.net)/η.sub.ip=(206−584−187.645)/0.8
−W.sub.ip=23.674 k.sub.j/k.sub.g
W.sub.net,i=W.sub.it−W.sub.ip=185.926−23.674=162.252 k.sub.j/k.sub.g
W.sub.net,i=162.252 k.sub.j/k.sub.g

[00034]${\eta }_{i,thermal}=\frac{Wit-Wip}{h1-h14+\left(1-m\right)\left(h5-h4\right)}.Math.h_{14}=h_{13}+\left(\left(h_{14}‐h_{13}\right)/\eta ip\right)=16.535+\left(\left(31.802‐16.535\right)\right)/\left(0.8\right).Math.h_{14}=35.619kj/kg$${\eta }_{i,net}=\left(185.962‐23.674\right)/\left(\left(289.446‐35.619\right)+\left(1‐0.52\right)\left(306.352‐149.421\right)\right)$${\eta }_{i,net}=\mathrm{\%49}\text{.42}$

[0087] Yield provided by 1 kg liquid air: k=W.sub.net/1−m=162.252/1−0.445

k=292.346 k.sub.j/k.sub.g
Capacity of M=400 kg reservoir