Vial useable in tissue extraction procedures

Abstract

Disclosed is a device useful for preserving tissue samples after extraction from human or animal patients. The device includes a circular blade for taking a tissue sample, the blade being coupled to a sealing cap which mates to one end of a container. A retrieval port is also disclosed for extracting fluids from the container. Methods are also disclosed by which tissue samples may be taken and prepared for storage, processing, culture, or other analysis.

Claims

1. A tissue extraction vial comprising: a container having a mouth and a retrieval port, wherein the retrieval port has a closure configured to permit access into the container; a cap, and a blade attached to the cap and configured to capture a tissue sample; wherein the cap is adapted to sealingly mate with the mouth of the container; wherein the blade is a punch-biopsy blade and has a first end attached to the cap without passing through the closure when the cap is sealingly mated with the mouth of the container; wherein the blade has a second end extending away from the cap and into the container; and wherein the container, closure, blade, and cap are arranged to maintain a fluid-tight seal when the cap is sealingly mated with the mouth of the container with the first end and second end of the blade positioned lateral to the closure.

2. The tissue extraction vial of claim 1 wherein the blade defines an internal lumen.

3. The tissue extraction vial of claim 2 wherein the blade is circular.

4. The tissue extraction vial of claim 3 wherein the circular blade has a diameter between about 2 mm and about 4 mm.

5. The tissue extraction vial as in claim 1 wherein the blade is made of stainless steel.

6. The tissue extraction vial as in claim 1 wherein the blade has a height of about 5 mm.

7. The tissue extraction vial of claim 1 further comprising: a plunger, wherein the plunger is configured to dislodge the tissue sample from the blade.

8. The tissue extraction vial as in claim 1 wherein the closure is a septum that can be pierced by a needle.

9. The tissue extraction vial as in claim 1 further comprising a liquid medium inside the container; wherein the liquid medium is in fluid communication with the blade when the cap is sealingly mated with the mouth of the container, without the blade passing through the closure.

10. The tissue extraction vial as in claim 9 wherein the liquid medium is a solution.

11. The tissue extraction vial as in claim 9 further comprising a chemical preservative capable of preserving the tissue sample inside the container.

12. The tissue extraction vial as in claim 9 further comprising a preservative with a permeable cryoprotectant agent inside the container.

13. The tissue extraction vial as in claim 9 further comprising one of the following preservatives inside the container: dimethyl sulfoxide, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, or glycerol.

14. The tissue extraction vial as in claim 9 further comprising an enzyme effective to digest a tissue sample inside the container.

15. The tissue extraction vial of claim 1 wherein the retrieval port is at one end of the container, and the mouth is at an other end of the container.

16. A tissue extraction vial comprising: a container having a mouth and defining an interior cavity; a cap configured to fluidly seal the mouth of the container; a blade configured to capture a tissue sample, wherein the blade has a first end attached to the cap and a second end extending away from the cap; a needle-penetrable septum adapted to provide access into the interior cavity of the container; and wherein the blade is a punch-biopsy blade configured to pass through the mouth of the container without passing through the needle-penetrable septum; and wherein the first end and second end of the blade are positionable within the interior cavity of the container and lateral to the needle-penetrable septum.

17. The vial of claim 16 wherein the blade is receivable within the container when the cap is mated to the container.

18. A cap assembly for capping a container, comprising: a cap mateable with a mouth of a container; a needle-penetrable septum mounted in the cap and adapted to provide access through the cap into the container when the cap is mated to the mouth of the container; a blade configured to capture a tissue sample, wherein the blade is a punch-biopsy blade and has a first end attached to the cap adjacent the needle-penetrable septum, and a second end extending away from the needle-penetrable septum and into the container when the cap is mated therewith; and wherein the blade is configured to pass through the mouth of the container without passing through the needle-penetrable septum when the cap is mated with the container; and wherein the cap fluidly seals the mouth of the container when mated with the container.

19. The cap assembly of claim 18, wherein the blade defines an inner lumen having a longitudinal axis, and wherein at least a portion of the septum is aligned with said longitudinal axis.

20. The tissue extraction vial of claim 1, wherein the mouth is at one end of the container and the retrieval port is at another end of the container.

21. The tissue extraction vial of claim 16 wherein the needle-penetrable septum is mounted in the cap.

22. The tissue extraction vial of claim 16 wherein the needle-penetrable septum is mounted in the container.

23. The tissue extraction vial of claim 22, wherein the mouth is at one end of the container and the needle-penetrable septum is at another end of the container.

24. The vial of claim 16, wherein the cap includes a threaded portion arranged to engage a threaded portion of the container.

25. The vial of claim 16, wherein a portion of the cap is received within the container and contacts an inside wall of the container when the cap is engaged with the mouth of the container.

26. The cap assembly of claim 18, wherein the needle-penetrable septum has a distal surface facing away from the container when the cap is mated with the container; and wherein the needle-penetrable septum is distal the first end of the blade and the first end of the blade is distal of the second end of the blade.

27. A tissue extraction vial, comprising: a container defining an interior cavity and having a mouth opening to the interior cavity; a cap configured to sealingly mate with the mouth of the container; a retrieval port having a closure configured to permit access to the interior cavity of the container; a blade having a first end terminating in a material of the cap and a second end of the blade extending away from the cap and into the interior cavity of the container when the cap is sealingly mated with the mouth of the container, without the blade passing through the closure; and wherein the blade is a punch-biopsy blade and is anchored within the cap so that the blade can be rotated by rotating the cap in the capture of a tissue sample; and wherein the container, the cap, and the blade are arranged to maintain a fluid-tight seal when the cap is sealingly mated with the mouth of the container, with the second end of the blade positioned within the interior of the container.

28. The tissue extraction vial of claim 27, wherein: the retrieval port is mounted in the cap; wherein the retrieval port is aligned with the blade such that a needle inserted through said cap and into an interior of the blade would extend through said retrieval port; and wherein the second end of the blade is suspended in the interior cavity of the container and is above a bottom surface of the container when the cap is sealingly mated with the mouth of the container, without the blade passing through the closure.

29. The tissue extraction vial of claim 27, comprising: a liquid positioned within the interior cavity of the container and in fluid communication with the second end of the blade when the cap is sealingly mated with the mouth of the container, with the second end of the blade positioned within the interior of the container without the blade passing through the closure.

30. The tissue extraction vial of claim 27, wherein: the retrieval port is mounted in the cap.

31. The tissue extraction vial of claim 30, wherein: the retrieval port is aligned with the blade such that a needle inserted through said cap and into an interior of the blade would extend through said retrieval port.

32. The tissue extraction vial of claim 27, wherein: the retrieval port is mounted in the container.

33. The tissue extraction vial of claim 27, wherein: the second end of the blade is suspended in the interior cavity of the container and is above a bottom surface of the container when the cap is sealingly mated with the mouth of the container.

34. The tissue extraction vial of claim 27, wherein the blade includes teeth.

35. The cap assembly of claim 26, wherein the needle-penetrable septum is accessible to be pierced by a needle of a syringe when the cap is mated with the container.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 is a view of an overwrap containing the punch biopsy vial of the present disclosure.

(2) FIG. 2 is an exploded diagram of the vial shown in FIG. 1.

(3) FIG. 3 is a view of the vial shown in FIG. 2 with a tissue sample contained therein.

(4) FIG. 4 is a diagram of a step for withdrawing cells from the vial shown in the prior figures.

(5) FIG. 5 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the cap and blade for the vial shown in FIG. 2.

(6) FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a modified cap for the vial shown in the prior figures.

(7) FIG. 7 is another embodiment of the punch biopsy vial shown in FIGS. 1-4.

(8) FIG. 8 is an exploded diagram of the vial shown in FIG. 7.

(9) FIG. 9 is an end view of the proximal end of the vial shown in FIG. 7.

(10) FIG. 10 is a side view of a handle for use with the biopsy vials shown in FIG. 1-9.

(11) FIG. 11 is an end view of the distal end of the handle shown in FIG. 10.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(12) For the purpose of promoting an understanding of the principles of the invention, reference will now be made to embodiments, some of which are illustrated in the drawings, and specific language will be used to describe the same. It will nevertheless be understood that no limitation of the scope of the invention is thereby intended. Any alterations and further modifications in the described embodiments, and any further applications of the principles of the invention as described herein are contemplated as would normally occur to one skilled in the art to which the invention relates.

(13) FIGS. 1-4 show one embodiment of a system useable for tissue extraction procedures in human or animal (veterinary) patients. The tissue extraction system is shown at 10 and it includes a punch biopsy vial 15 that can be provided to any physician in a sterile sealed overwrap 11, as shown in FIG. 1. The overwrap 11 can be, and is preferably, of the type conventionally used for sterile medical devices. The punch biopsy vial 15 includes a container 16 and a cap 20, as shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3. In this embodiment, the container 16 has an open mouth 17 at one end and a retrieval port 18 defined at the other end of the container. In another embodiment shown in FIGS. 7-9 and described in greater detail below, a retrieval port 77 similar to retrieval port 18 is included within cap 20. Regardless of position, the retrieval port may have a variety of configurations provided that it can maintain a sterile, sealed, leak-proof closure, while permitting access to withdraw the contents of the container. For instance, the retrieval port 18 may constitute a septum that may be pierced by a syringe, as described herein. Alternatively the port may include a valve arrangement. The retrieval port 18 may be provided with a cover to maintain the sterility of the port until it is desired to access the contents of the container 16.

(14) The cap 20 includes a mating interface 21 adapted to sealingly mate with the mouth 17 of the container 16. The interface may thus be a conventional threaded engagement or Luer-type fitting between the cap and container and may incorporate a seal or gasket between the cap and the container to ensure a fluid-tight seal. The handle 22 of the cap provides a gripping surface to thread the cap onto the container.

(15) In one aspect, the cap 20 incorporates a circular blade 25 that may be configured similar to blades used for a punch biopsy. In one embodiment, the blade is a sterilized stainless steel blade having a diameter of between about 2 mm and about 4 mm. The blade diameter is preferably calibrated for taking a tissue sample from the skin of the patient. The sample should be sufficiently large to ensure a large quantity of viable stem cells, yet not so large as to cause undue trauma to the patient. It has been found that a sample as small as 2 mm provides a sufficient quantity of viable cells. A sample larger than 4 mm yield more cells but the increase in viable cells is of only minimal advantage when culturing the cell sample. On the other hand, the larger diameter lesion left by a skin punch greater than 4 mm has been found to be uncomfortable and unnecessary.

(16) The circular blade 25 is embedded within the cap 20 and concentrically disposed inside the mating interface 21. The blade is solidly anchored within the handle 22 of the cap so that the blade can be rotated by the physician by rotating the cap using the handle. In one embodiment, the blade is mounted within the cap using an over-molding process. The blade may incorporate features to enhance the anchorage of the blade so that it cannot be dislodged from the cap. For instance, as shown in FIG. 5, the blade may include a flared end 27 that is embedded within the handle 22. As further shown in FIG. 5, the blade may include serrations or teeth 26 to facilitate severing the tissue, especially upon rotation of the cap 20. The blade has a length adapted to an appropriate depth for the region of tissue or skin targeted for recover. In one specific embodiment the blade has a height of about 5 mm for an epidermal skin sample.

(17) In one procedure using the tissue extraction system 10, the physician removes the vial 15 from the package 11 and releases the cap 20 from the container 16. The physician then pierces the patient's skin with the blade 25, preferably while rotating the blade. When the blade is removed the tissue sample is trapped within the blade. The cap 20 is then remounted onto the vial 16, as shown in FIG. 3. The tissue sample T may be dislodged into a solution 30 contained within the vial, such as by tapping the cap. It is contemplated that the vial may be provided with the solution as part of the sealed overwrap 11. Alternatively, the solution may be added by the physician, such as from a separate vial provided with the sealed overwrap. However, in order to simplify the procedure it is preferable that the vial be initially filled with the solution 30 so that no problems arise in collecting and transporting the tissue sample T. In one embodiment, the cap 20 may be provided in the overwrap 11 separated from the vial 15. The vial may contain the solution 30 and be provided with a seal that can be broken or penetrated by the blade 25 when the cap is fastened to the vial.

(18) In one aspect of the present disclosure, the solution 30 contained within the vial and into which the tissue sample T is placed, may constitute a variety of compositions depending upon the desired function of the sealed vial shown in FIG. 3. In one embodiment, the solution may be a standard buffered saline solution, with or without other additives depending upon the nature of the tissue and the amount of time that the tissue sample T will remain in the solution before subsequent processing. The solution may also include a chemical preservative that is capable of preserving the tissue sample but is inert to the cells of interest. Various embodiments of solution 30 include any liquid medium commonly known in the art.

(19) In another embodiment, the solution 30 may be a preservative adapted to preserve the tissue and its cells intact. The preservative may be a cryoprotectant so that the vial 15, complete with tissue sample T, may be transported directly to a cryogenic storage facility. The preservative may thus include known permeable cryoprotectant agents, such as dimethyl sulfoxide, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol and glycerol.

(20) In a further alternative, the solution 30 may incorporate enzymes adapted to digest the tissue sample and liberate cells of interest. The enzymatic activity may be modulated by temperature either immediately once the sample is acquired or later at a separate facility. The enzyme can be selected as a function of the tissue being digested, the desired cell, the digestion rate and/or the optimal time of digestion. In the latter case, the digestion time may be controlled by shipping the sealed vial in a shipping container having a timed cooling feature that is activated at an appropriate time to slow the enzymatic activity. One suitable enzyme is ACCUTASE sold by Life Technologies Corp dba Invitrogen Corp.

(21) In this embodiment, it is thus contemplated that the solution will digest the tissue to liberate cells C of interest, as shown in FIG. 4. The cells C may be removed from the vial 15 using a hypodermic needle 42 and syringe 40. The needle penetrates the sealed end 18 of the vial in a known fashion. The suspended cells are withdrawn into the syringe to be taken to other processing.

(22) In order to facilitate dislodging the tissue sample into the vial, a plunger arrangement may be provided as illustrated in FIG. 6. The cutting blade 25 may be the same as described above, mounted within the mating interface 51 of the cap 50. As shown in FIG. 6, the mating interface may be in the form of a tapered stopper, or maybe the threaded interface described above. The cap 50 is longer than the cap 20, including a longer handle 52. The cap provides a passageway 54 through which a plunger 60 extends. The plunger 60 includes an end 62 that is depressed to push the plunger down through the blade 25 to dislodge the tissue sample from within the blade. The plunger may include a seal 64, such as on O-ring, disposed between the plunger and the passageway 54. In addition, a spring 66 may be provided between the end 62 and the handle 52 to bias the plunger away from the blade.

(23) Another embodiment of the punch biopsy vial is show in FIG. 7-FIG. 9 at 68 which is similar to vial 15. Biopsy vial 68 includes a container 79 similar to container 16 except that in this embodiment, container 79 has an open mouth 17 at one end and closed end 82 defined at the other end of container 79 rather than a retrieval port. A retrieval port 77 similar in all respects to retrieval port 18 described above is incorporated into a cap 85 which includes the embodiments of handle 22 and mating region 21 described above. Cap 85 is constructed similarly to the embodiments of cap 20 described above and includes a circular blade 25 that is positionable inside container 79 as shown in FIG. 7. One embodiment of retrieval port 77 is shown in FIG. 9 as a septum configured within the central area of cap 85 such that a needle or other similar instrument can be inserted through the septum into container 79 to retrieve the contents of the container similar to what is shown in FIG. 4 with respect to the previous embodiment.

(24) Also shown in FIG. 10 and FIG. 11 is one embodiment of an elongate handle 70 that may be used in conjunction with the embodiments of the punch biopsy vial described above. The handle has an elongate tubular shape with a contact region 73 at the distal end which in one embodiment can be pressed against the cap of the biopsy vial to aid in steadying blade 25 during a tissue extraction or other procedure. Contact region 73, in one embodiment, press fits into a corresponding detent, notch, or similar receiving region in the cap to firmly steady handle 70 during the procedure. Handle 70 may also be secured to the cap by screw threads at or near the contact region 73 that correspond with similar threads in the cap. Other nondesctructible attachment means may be used as well such as pins, snaps, and the like. In another embodiment, handle 70 is formed as part of the vial cap and designed to be broken or otherwise separated from the cap and discarded after the tissue extraction procedure has been completed. In still another embodiment, handle 70 is formed with the cap as a single disposable unit. Other forms of attaching handle 70 to the vial cap include thermal bonding, adhesive bonding, bonding by chemical reaction, or other non-detachable permanent means.

(25) The uses of the terms a and an and the and similar references in the context of describing the invention (especially in the context of the following claims) are to be construed to cover both the singular and the plural, unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted by context. Recitation of ranges of values herein are merely intended to serve as a shorthand method of referring individually to each separate value falling within the range, unless otherwise indicated herein, and each separate value is incorporated into the specification as if it were individually recited herein. All methods described herein can be performed in any suitable order unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context. The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g., such as) provided herein, is intended merely to better illuminate the invention and does not pose a limitation on the scope of the invention unless otherwise claimed. No language in the specification should be construed as indicating any non-claimed element as essential to the practice of the invention.

(26) While the invention has been illustrated and described in detail in the drawings and foregoing description, the same is to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive in character, it being understood that only the preferred embodiment has been shown and described and that all changes and modifications that come within the spirit of the invention are desired to be protected. In addition, all references cited herein are indicative of the level of skill in the art and are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.