AN ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT BREAKER FOR A VEHICLE, AND A METHOD THEREFOR

Abstract

An electronic circuit breaker for a vehicle, comprising: an input configured to be connected to a DC power supply; an output configured to be connected to a load; said input connected to said output via a semiconductor switch with a linear region of operation, and a saturated region of operation, said semiconductor switch comprises a switch control input; a switch driver configured to control the semiconductor switch and comprising a switch control output; wherein said switch control output is connected to the switch control input via a pre-charge circuit comprising a turn-“ON” branch which is configured to cause the semiconductor switch to operate in the linear region of operation during turn-“ON”; and a turn-“OFF” branch which is configured to cause the switch to turn-“OFF”.

Claims

1. An electronic circuit breaker for a vehicle, comprising: an input configured to be connected to a DC power supply; an output configured to be connected to a load; a semiconductor switch with electrically connected between said input and said output, said semiconductor switch comprising: a linear region of operation, a saturated region of operation, and a switch control input; a switch driver configured to control the semiconductor switch and comprising a switch control output; and a pre-charge circuit connected electrically between said switch control output and said switch control input, said pre-charge circuit comprising: a turn-“ON” branch which is configured to cause the semiconductor switch to operate in the linear region of operation during turn-“ON”; and a turn-“OFF” branch which is configured to cause the switch to turn-“OFF”.

2. An electronic circuit breaker according to claim 1, wherein: the semiconductor switch is a metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) with a drain connected to the input, a source connected to the output, and a gate connected to the switch control input; said pre-charge circuit comprises: a first node connected to the switch control input and a second node connected to the switch control output; said first node is connected to said second node via said turn-“ON” branch, which turn-“ON” branch comprises a first resistor; said first node is further connected to said second node via said turn-“OFF” branch, wherein said turn-“OFF” branch comprises a first resistor in series with a first diode; said switch control output is connected to said switch control input via the turn-“ON” branch; and said switch control output is further connected to said control input via the turn-“OFF” branch, wherein a cathode of the first diode is connected to the switch control output.

3. An electronic circuit breaker according to claim 1, wherein the turn-“ON” branch further comprises a third node, said third node is connected to said first node via the first resistor, and the third node is connected to the second node via a second resistor, said third node is further connected to the output via a capacitor, thus forming a resistor-capacitor (RC) circuit.

4. An electronic circuit breaker according to claim 1, wherein the turn-“ON” branch further comprises a switch configured for disconnecting the delay from the turn-“ON” branch of the semiconductor switch.

5. A battery junction box for a vehicle, comprising: a positive input; a positive output; a negative input; a negative output, connected to said negative input via a fuse and a main switch in series with each other; a commutate circuit electrically connected between said positive output and said negative output, said commutate circuit comprising a diode; and an electronic circuit breaker comprising: an input configured to be connected to a DC power supply, said input connected to the positive input of the battery junction box; an output configured to be connected to a load, said output connected to the positive output of the batter junction box; a semiconductor switch electrically connected between said input and said output, said semiconductor switch comprising: a linear region of operation, a saturated region of operation, and a switch control input; a switch driver configured to control the semiconductor switch and comprising a switch control output; and a pre-charge circuit connected electrically between said switch control output and said switch control input, said pre-charge circuit comprising: a turn-“ON” branch which is configured to cause the semiconductor switch to operate in the linear region of operation during turn-“ON”; and a turn-“OFF” branch which is configured to cause the switch to turn-“OFF”.

6. A battery pack for a vehicle, comprising: a battery module comprising at least one interconnected battery cell; and a battery junction box according to claim 5, wherein: said positive input of said battery junction box is connected to a positive pole of the battery module; said negative input of said battery junction box is connected to a negative pole of the battery module; said positive output of said battery junction box is configured to be connected to said negative output of said battery junction box via a load of the vehicle.

7. A method of an electronic circuit breaker for a vehicle, wherein the electronic circuit breaker comprises an input connected to an output via a semiconductor switch with a linear region of operation, and a saturated region of operation, and a switch driver configured to control the semiconductor switch, wherein the method comprises: a) receiving a control signal; b) determining that the control signal is a turn-on signal; and c) controlling the semiconductor switch to operate in the linear region during a period, upon receiving said turn-on signal.

8. A method of an electronic circuit breaker for a vehicle according to claim 7, wherein said period is a predetermined interval of time.

9. A method of an electronic circuit breaker for a vehicle according to claim 7, wherein said period is defined by supplying a predetermined current in the linear region of operation of the semiconductor.

10. A non-transitory computer readable media comprising program instructions stored thereon for use with an electronic circuit breaker for a vehicle, wherein the electronic circuit breaker comprises an input connected to an output via a semiconductor switch with a linear region of operation, and a saturated region of operation, and a switch driver configured to control the semiconductor switch, said computer program instructions configured to cause one or more control devices to perform the following operations: a) receiving a control signal; b) determining that the control signal is a turn-on signal; and c) controlling the semiconductor switch to operate in the linear region during a period, upon receiving said turn-on signal.

11. A vehicle, comprising an electronic circuit breaker comprising: an input configured to be connected to a DC power supply, said input connected to the positive input of the battery junction box; an output configured to be connected to a load, said output connected to the positive output of the batter junction box; a semiconductor switch electrically connected between said input and said output, said semiconductor switch comprising: a linear region of operation, a saturated region of operation, and a switch control input; a switch driver configured to control the semiconductor switch and comprising a switch control output; and a pre-charge circuit connected electrically between said switch control output and said switch control input, said pre-charge circuit comprising: a turn-“ON” branch which is configured to cause the semiconductor switch to operate in the linear region of operation during turn-“ON”; and a turn-“OFF” branch which is configured to cause the switch to turn-“OFF”.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] FIG. 1 is a schematic circuit drawing of an electronic circuit breaker according to an embodiment of the present invention,

[0019] FIG. 2 is a schematic circuit drawing of an electronic circuit breaker according to an embodiment of the present invention,

[0020] FIG. 3 is a schematic circuit drawing of battery junction box and battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention,

[0021] FIG. 4 is a schematic circuit drawing of pre-charge circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention,

[0022] FIG. 5 is a schematic block drawing of a machine and a non-transitory computer readable media, and

[0023] FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of the method according to the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0024] The present inventors have realized that the problem of pre-charging a capacitance in a DC link may be solved by means of utilizing the linear region of operation of a semiconductor switch such as a MOSFET device.

[0025] Shortly, the linear region of operation of a MOSFET device is the region in the Id-Vgs characteristics that shows a linear dependence between the Id drain current and the Vgs gate-source voltage.

[0026] Thus, by gradually increase the Vgs voltage the current may be controlled such that the large inrush current to the capacitor of the DC-link is avoided without the use of external current limiting resistors in a pre-charge branch.

[0027] FIG. 1 shows a circuit diagram of an electronic circuit breaker, generally designated 100, for a vehicle. The electronic circuit breaker 100 comprising: an input 101 configured to be connected to a DC power supply, an output 102 configured to be connected to a load; said input connected to said output via a semiconductor switch 106 with a linear region of operation, and a saturated region of operation, said semiconductor switch comprises a switch control input 107; a switch driver 105 configured to control the semiconductor switch and comprising a switch control output 108. The switch control output 108 is connected to the switch control input 107 via a pre-charge circuit 109, comprising a turn-“ON” branch 103 which is configured to cause the semiconductor switch to operate in the linear region of operation during turn-“ON”; and a turn-“OFF” branch 104 which is configured to cause the switch to turn-“OFF”.

[0028] The semiconductor switch 106 in FIG. 1 is a MOSFET M0 with a drain D connected to the input 101, a source (S) connected to the output 102, and a gate G connected to the switch control input 107. The pre-charge circuit (109) comprises a first node (n1) connected to the switch control input 107; said pre-charge circuit (109) comprises a second node (n2) connected to the switch control output 108; said first node (n1) is connected to said second node (n2) via said turn-“ON” branch 103, which turn-“ON” branch comprises a first resistor R2; said first node (n1) is further connected to said second node (n2) via said turn-“OFF” branch 104, wherein said turn-“OFF” branch 104 comprises a first resistor R1 in series with a first diode (D1). The switch control output 108 is connected to said switch control input 107 via the turn-“ON” branch 103; and said switch control output 108 is further connected to said control input 107 via the turn-“OFF” branch 104, wherein a cathode of the first diode D1 is connected to the switch control output.

[0029] Now with reference made to FIG. 2 a second embodiment of an electronic circuit breaker 100 will be discussed and this embodiment differs from the embodiment disclosed with reference made to FIG. 1 in that the turn-“ON” branch 103 further comprises a third node (n3), said third node is connected to said first node via the first resistor R2, and the third node is connected to the second node via a second resistor R3, said third node is further connected to the output via a capacitor C1, thus forming a RC circuit. The RC circuit will provide a gradual increase of the voltage at the first node (n1), upon applying a voltage at the second node (n2) by means of the switch driver 105.

[0030] In FIG. 4 another embodiment of a pre-charge circuit is disclosed in a circuit diagram, generally designated 109′. The pre-charge circuit 109′ differs from the pre-charge circuit disclosed with reference made to FIG. 2 in that the turn-“ON” branch further comprises a switch SW2 configured for disconnecting the delay from the turn-“ON” branch of the semiconductor switch.

[0031] FIG. 3 shows a battery junction box, generally designated 300, for a vehicle. The battery junction box 300 comprising: a positive input 305; a positive output 307; a negative input 306; a negative output 308. The positive output is connected to said negative output via a commutate circuit 309 comprising a diode D2. The negative input is connected to said negative output via a fuse F0 and main switch SW0 in series with each other. The battery junction box further comprises an electronic circuit breaker 100 according to the present invention, wherein the input 101 of the electronic circuit breaker 100 is connected to the positive input 305, and the output 102 of the electronic circuit breaker is connected to the positive output 307.

[0032] FIG. 3 also shows a battery pack, generally designated 301, for a vehicle. The battery pack comprising at least one battery module 302,303 comprising at least one interconnected battery cell; The battery pack further comprises: a battery junction box 300 according to the present invention. The positive input 305 is connected to a positive pole of the battery module. The negative input 306 is connected to a negative pole of the battery module, and the positive output 307 is configured to be connected to said negative output 308 via a load ZL of the vehicle. The load may of course be the DC-link with connected devices as well as other battery packs according to the present invention. The battery pack may include a large number of battery modules which may be connected in various combinations of serial and parallel connections.

[0033] The above disclosed techniques for pre-charging may also be implemented in a computer or a programmable circuit such as an ASIC or FPGA. In FIG. 6 a method of an electronic circuit breaker 100 for a vehicle is disclosed using a flowchart, generally designated 600. The electronic circuit breaker 100 comprises an input 101 connected to an output 102 via a semiconductor switch 106 with a linear region of operation, and a saturated region of operation, and a switch driver 105 configured to control the semiconductor switch.

[0034] The method 600 comprises the steps of: [0035] a) receiving 601 a control signal; [0036] b) determining 602 that the control signal is a turn-on signal; and [0037] c) maneuvering 603 the semiconductor switch to operate in the linear region during a period, upon receiving said turn-on signal.

[0038] In one embodiment of the method of an electronic circuit breaker 100 for a vehicle said period is a predetermined interval of time. This provides a convenient way of pre-charging if the capacitance of the DC-link is known in advance. In a variant of the method said period is defined by supplying a predetermined current in the linear region of operation of the semiconductor. The pre-charging may be interrupted when a predetermined voltage level of the positive output is attained.

[0039] FIG. 5 shows a non-transitory computer readable media 501 having information embodied therein, said information including instructions for a machine 500 to execute the method according to embodiments of the present invention as disclosed hereinabove.

[0040] The above disclosed embodiments may advantageously be used in a vehicle, the vehicle may comprise an electronic circuit breaker according to embodiments of the present invention, or a battery junction box according to embodiments of the present invention, or a battery pack according to embodiments of the present invention.

[0041] In an alternative embodiment the switch control output 108 may be directly connected to the switch control input 107 if the switch driver is configured to provide a switch control signal that maneuver the semiconductor switch to operate in the linear region during turn-“ON”.