Thrust washer for an electric machine

Abstract

The invention relates to a thrust washer (28) for an electric machine (10, 12) intended to be arranged on a shaft (16) between a bearing (18) and a rotor (14), preferably a rotating electrical contact element (24) impacted by brushes (38), and/or a disk pack (36) of the rotor (14). The thrust washer (28) is provided with an area for sealing having two end faces (32, 34). On each end face (32, 34), at least one radial abutment section (50, 52) for the bearing (18), or the rotor (14), is provided. The thrust washer (28) according to the invention is characterized in that it is made of at least one hard component (54) and one soft component (56), wherein the part of the radial abutment section (50, 52) abutting the rotor (14) and/or the bearing (18) is formed by the soft component (56).

Claims

1. A thrust washer (28) for an electric machine (10) for arranging on a shaft (16) between a bearing (18) and a rotor (14), wherein the thrust washer (28) comprises a region for providing a sealing arrangement with two end faces (32, 34), and at least one radial contacting section (50, 52) for the bearing (18) and the rotor (14) respectively is provided on each end face (32, 34), characterized in that the thrust washer (28) is embodied from at least a hard component (54) and a soft component (56), wherein a part of the radial contacting section (50, 52) that is lying on at least one of the rotor (14) and the bearing (18) is embodied by the soft component (56), wherein the radial contacting section (50, 52) comprises at least first and second planes (60, 62) that are spaced apart in an axial direction of the shaft (16), wherein the second plane (62) is arranged between the first plane (60) and a region (44) for returning lubricating means, wherein the second plane (62) is embodied from both the soft component (56) and the hard component (54), and wherein the soft component (56) and the hard component (54) between the first plane (60) and the region (44) for returning the lubricating means in the axial direction of the shaft (16) are spaced apart from each other in such a manner that the hard component (54) extends further in a direction of the first plane (60) than the soft component (56) but remains below a level of the first plane (60).

2. The thrust washer (28) as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the region (44) for returning the lubricating means is embodied solely from the hard component (54).

3. The thrust washer (28) as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the soft component (56) and the hard component (54) are arranged between the first plane (60) and the region (44) for returning the lubricating means in the axial direction of the shaft (16) on the same second plane (62).

4. The thrust washer (28) as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the soft component (56) is embodied in a circumferential manner at an inner diameter of the soft component.

5. The thrust washer (28) as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the hard component (54) and the soft component (56) are embodied from the same material.

6. The thrust washer (28) as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that the thrust washer (28) is embodied as one piece.

7. The thrust washer (28) as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that a hardness of the hard component (54) and of the soft component (56) differ by at least Shore D=5.

8. The thrust washer (28) as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the soft component (56) is embodied in a circumferential manner over an entire axial extension of a shaft-side contacting region (64) between the radial contacting regions (50, 52).

9. An electric machine (10) comprising a shaft (16) between a bearing (18) and a rotor (14), and a thrust washer (28) including a region for providing a sealing arrangement with two end faces (32, 34), and at least one radial contacting section (50, 52) for the bearing (18) and the rotor (14) respectively is provided on each end face (32, 34), characterized in that the thrust washer (28) is embodied from at least a hard component (54) and a soft component (56), wherein a part of the radial contacting section (50, 52) that is lying on at least one of the rotor (14) and the bearing (18) is embodied by the soft component (56), wherein the radial contacting section (50, 52) comprises at least first and second planes (60, 62) that are spaced apart in an axial direction of the shaft (16), wherein the second plane (62) is arranged between the first plane (60) and a region (44) for returning lubricating means, wherein the second plane (62) is embodied from both the soft component (56) and the hard component (54), and wherein the soft component (56) and the hard component (54) between the first plane (60) and the region (44) for returning the lubricating means in the axial direction of the shaft (16) are spaced apart from each other in such a manner that the hard component (54) extends further in a direction of the first plane (60) than the soft component (56) but remains below a level of the first plane (60).

10. The electric machine as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that the region (44) for returning the lubricating means is embodied solely from the hard component (54).

11. The electric machine as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that the soft component (56) and the hard component (54) are arranged between the first plane (60) and the region (44) for returning the lubricating means in the axial direction of the shaft (16) on the same second plane (62).

12. The electric machine as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that the soft component (56) is embodied in a circumferential manner at an inner diameter of the soft component.

13. The electric machine as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that the hard component (54) and the soft component (56) are embodied from the same material.

14. The electric machine as claimed in claim 13, characterized in that the thrust washer (28) is embodied as one piece.

15. The electric machine as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that a hardness of the hard component (54) and of the soft component (56) differ by at least Shore D=5.

16. The electric machine as claimed in claim 9 wherein the thrust washer is between a bearing (18) and a rotating electric contact element (24), which is influenced by brushes (38).

17. The electric machine as claimed in claim 9 wherein the thrust washer is between a bearing (18) and a laminate stack (36) of the rotor.

18. The electric machine as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that the soft component (56) is embodied in a circumferential manner over an entire axial extension of a shaft-side contacting region (64) between the radial contacting regions (50, 52).

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) The invention is explained by way of example hereinunder with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, wherein like reference numerals in the figures indicate like components that have like functions. The figures in the drawing, the description of the figures and the claims comprise numerous features in combination. A person skilled in the art will also consider these features individually and combine said features to form further expedient combinations. In particular, a person skilled in the art will also combine the features of different exemplary embodiments to form further expedient combinations.

(2) In the drawing:

(3) FIG. 1 illustrates a longitudinal sectional view of an electric machine according to the prior art and

(4) FIG. 2 illustrates a perspective view of a thrust washer in accordance with the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(5) A part of a rotating electric machine 10 according to the prior art is illustrated in a simplified manner in a longitudinal sectional view in FIG. 1. The electric machine 10 is an electromotor 12 that is used in a motor vehicle for example in a window lifter, a wiper drive, preferably a heater and blower drive etc. However, it can also be a generator.

(6) The electromotor 12 comprises a wound rotor 14 that is arranged on a shaft 16. The shaft 16 is mounted with two bearings 18. The bearings 18 in the present exemplary embodiment are sintered cup and ball bearings or rather bush bearings that are saturated with oil. However, other bearings 18, such as ball bearings or similar can also be used. The bearings 18 are in each case arranged in end plates 22 that are located on the two end faces of a housing 20 of the electromotor 12.

(7) A thrust washer 28 having a receiving bore 30 for the shaft 16 is arranged between one of the bearings 18 and a commutator 26 that is used as an electric contact element 24, wherein the thrust washer 28 preferably lies with its first end face 32 on the bearing 18 and with its second end face 34 on the commutator 26 and preferably has a press-fit on the shaft 16. A sealing arrangement is created on the shaft 16 by means of the press-fit. A further thrust washer 28 is arranged between the other bearing 18 and the rotor 14 or rather a laminated core 36 or the collar 37 of an insulating laminate disk of the laminate stack 36. However, this further thrust washer can also be omitted or a differently formed thrust washer can be provided. The rotor is supported in the axial direction of the shaft 16 on the bearings 18 by way of the one thrust washer 28 or the two thrust washers 28.

(8) It is also possible in place of the commutator 26 to provide a collector of the generator as an electric contact element 24. In both cases, the electric contact elements 24 are contacted by way of brushes 38 that are guided in brush holders 40, wherein the brush holders 40 are fastened to a brush carrier 42 of the electric machine 10 by way of fastening brackets.

(9) FIG. 2 illustrates an enlarged view of the thrust washer 28 in accordance with the invention. Said thrust washer comprises a region 44 for returning the lubrication means to the bearing 18. For this purpose, the thrust washer 28 extends in an annular manner over the end face 46 of the bearing 18 (cf. also FIG. 1 regarding this), which end face faces the thrust washer. The thrust washer comprises on the outer rim an axially protruding edge 48 for the purpose of returning the lubricating means, for example oil, to the bearing 18. In addition, the edge 48 acts as a protection for the commutator 26 against the lubricating means. The annular region 44 can alternatively also be embodied in a conical or arched manner, andas illustrated in FIG. 1can extend in the shape of a hood over the bearing 18 in order to influence the return flow of the oil. Likewise, the thrust washer 28 can comprise further axial circumferential protrusions on the side of the annular region 44, which side faces the bearing 18, for the purpose of returning the lubricating means, but these will not be described here in detail. It is essential that a sealing region is provided which seals the rotor 14, in particular the commutator 26, from any possible oil flow from the bearing 18.

(10) A radial contacting section 50 for the bearing 18 is embodied on the first end face 32 of the thrust washer 28 and a radial contacting section 52 for the rotor 14 is embodied on the second end face 34. The rotor 14 or rather armature can contact the contacting section 52 directly or by means of the commutator 26. It is provided in accordance with the invention that the thrust washer 28 is embodied from at least one hard component 54 and a soft component 56, wherein the part of the contacting section 52 that is lying on the rotor 14 is embodied by the soft component 56. This part is furthermore divided into individual circle segments 58 for the purpose of contacting the rotor 14.

(11) The contact section 52 comprises two planes 60 and 62 that are spaced apart in the axial direction of the shaft 16, wherein the first plane 60 is embodied by the circle segments 58 of the contacting section 52, which circle segments lie on the rotor 14. The second plane 62 is arranged between the first plane 60 and the region 44 for returning the lubricating means and is embodied from both the soft component 56 and the hard component 54, whereas the region 44 for returning the lubricating means is embodied solely by the hard component 54. By virtue of this arrangement the force is introduced over an elastic regionnamely the first plane 60 that is embodied as the soft component 56and the damping behavior is further improved. The hard component 54 of the second plane 62 effectively prevents the soft component 56 of the first plane 60 from being damaged in the case of high axial forces.

(12) It is evident in FIG. 2 that the hard component 54 and the soft component 56 of the second plane 62 are arranged in the axial direction on the same level. However, as an alternative thereto, the two components 54, 56 can also be spaced apart from each other in the axial direction of the shaft 16 in such a manner that the hard component 54 extends further in the direction of the first plane 60 than the soft component 56, nonetheless it remains below the level of the first plane 60. In this manner, it is possible to achieve a defined stop in the axial direction until the damping by means of the soft component 56 is ensured.

(13) In order to avoid having to provide an additional sealing function with respect to oil penetrating from the bearing 18 in the direction of the rotor 14, in particular in the direction of the commutator 26, the soft component 56 is in an advantageous manner embodied in a circumferential manner at its inner diameter, over the entire axial extension of its shaft-side contacting region 64 between the two radial contacting regions 50, 52.

(14) It is particularly advantageous if the hard component 54 and the soft component 56 are embodied from the same material, for example Hytrel. In this manner, the thrust washer 28 can be embodied as one piece, wherein the hardness (quoted in Shore D) of the hard component 54 and of the soft component 56 differ by at least Shore D=5. The axial rigidity is clearly reduced in this manner and consequently a damping process is possible in the axial direction by using two Hytrel materials, for example Hytrel 5555 HS (Shore D=55+/2) with a 2K contour of Hytrel 4056 TPC-ET (Shore D max=40) or corresponding materials that have comparable intrinsic damping properties, abrasion resistance and temperature stability.

(15) Reference is finally made to the fact that the illustrated exemplary embodiment is not limited to FIGS. 1 and 2 but rather that application geometries and arrangements that differ therefrom are also feasible within the electric machine 10. In addition, the dimensional ratios illustrated in the figures between the thrust washers 28 in accordance with the invention and the remaining components of the electric machine 10, in particular the bearings 18 and the rotor 14, do not as such have any influence on the invention. The same applies for the shape and size of the circle segments 58 of the first plane 60 and also of the hard component 54 and the soft component 56 of the second plane 62 of the second contacting region 52. It is further mentioned that as an alternative thereto or supplementary thereto the first contacting region 50 can also be embodied in the structural design of the second contacting region 52.