Glenoidal component, set of such components and shoulder prosthesis incorporating such a glenoidal component

Abstract

This glenoidal component for a shoulder prosthesis comprises a base which may be immobilized on the glenoid cavity of a shoulder, and an element provided to be mounted on this base and forming a convex surface of articulation centered on an axis of symmetry. This axis of symmetry is non perpendicular to a rear face of the base intended to abut against the glenoid cavity, this making it possible to compensate a defect in parallelism between the resectioned surface of the glenoid cavity and the axis of the patient's spinal column. A surgeon can select the component in which the axes of symmetry of the components are oriented differently with respect to their rear faces.

Claims

1. A set of glenoidal components for a shoulder prosthesis adapted to compensate defects in parallelism between a resected surface of a glenoid cavity and an axis of a patient's spinal column, the set of glenoidal components comprising: a base comprising a front surface and a rear surface with an anchoring stem comprising a longitudinal axis, the longitudinal axis of the anchoring stem arranged at a perpendicular angle with respect to the front surface; a first glenoid component comprising a first housing, a first convex articular surface, and a first rear surface, the first convex articular surface centered on a first axis of symmetry, wherein the first axis of symmetry is at a non-zero angle with respect to the longitudinal axis of the anchoring stem when the first glenoid portion is engaged with the base; and a second glenoid component comprising a second housing, a second convex articular surface, and a second rear surface, the second convex articular surface centered on a second axis of symmetry, wherein the second axis of symmetry is at a non-zero angle with respect to the longitudinal axis of the anchoring stem when the second glenoid portion is engaged with the base; wherein when assembled, the base is received by only one of the first housing and the second housing.

2. The set of glenoidal components of claim 1, wherein when assembled, the longitudinal axis of the anchoring stem is arranged at a perpendicular angle with respect to the first rear surface or the second rear surface.

3. The set of glenoidal components of claim 1, wherein a first axis angle between the first axis of symmetry and the longitudinal axis of the anchoring stem when the first glenoid component is engaged with the base is different from a second axis angle between the second axis of symmetry and the longitudinal axis of the anchoring stem when the second glenoid component is engaged with the base.

4. The set of glenoidal components of claim 1, wherein the first rear surface is centered on the front surface of the base when the first glenoid component is engaged with the base, and wherein the second rear surface is centered on the front surface of the base when the second glenoid component is engaged with the base.

5. The set of glenoidal components of claim 1, wherein the first glenoid portion further comprises a skirt, wherein the skirt extends the first convex articular surface of the first glenoid portion.

6. The set of glenoidal components of claim 1, wherein the first glenoid portion further comprises a skirt having an angular amplitude that alters the first axis of symmetry of the first glenoid portion.

7. The set of glenoidal components of claim 1, wherein when assembled, only one of the first glenoid component and the second glenoid component is fully seated against the base.

8. The set of glenoidal components of claim 1, wherein when assembled, the front surface of the base is adjacent to only one of the first rear surface of the first glenoid component or the second rear surface of the second glenoid component.

9. A set of glenoidal components for a shoulder prosthesis, the set of glenoidal components comprising: a base comprising a front surface, a rear surface, and an anchoring stem comprising a longitudinal axis; a first glenoid component comprising: a first hemispherical portion comprising a first convex articular surface and a first axis of symmetry; a first skirt extending from the first hemispherical portion, the first skirt being shaped as a portion of a first torus centered on a first skirt axis; and a first rear surface comprising an opening adapted to receive the base; wherein a first plane disposed between the first hemispherical portion and the first skirt; and wherein a first angle is defined between the first rear surface and the first plane; and a second glenoid component comprising: a second hemispherical portion comprising a second convex articular surface and a second axis of symmetry; a second skirt extending from the second hemispherical portion, the second skirt being shaped as a portion of a second torus centered on a second skirt axis; and a second rear surface comprising an opening adapted to receive the base; wherein a second plane disposed between the second hemispherical portion and the second skirt; and wherein a second angle is defined between the second rear surface and the second plane, the first angle being different from the second angle.

10. The set of glenoidal components of claim 9, wherein the first axis of symmetry is perpendicular to the first skirt axis.

11. The set of glenoidal components of claim 10, wherein the second axis of symmetry is perpendicular to the second skirt axis.

12. The set of glenoidal components of claim 9, wherein the first glenoid component is a one-piece component.

13. The set of glenoidal components of claim 12, wherein the second glenoid component is a one-piece component.

14. The set of glenoidal components of claim 9, wherein when assembled, the longitudinal axis of the anchoring stem is arranged at a perpendicular angle with respect to the first rear surface or the second rear surface.

15. The set of glenoidal components of claim 9, wherein a first axis angle between the first axis of symmetry and the longitudinal axis of the anchoring stem when the first glenoid component is engaged with the base is different from a second axis angle between the second axis of symmetry and the longitudinal axis of the anchoring stem when the second glenoid component is engaged with the base.

16. The set of glenoidal components of claim 9, wherein the first rear surface is centered on the front surface of the base when the first glenoid component is engaged with the base, and wherein the second rear surface is centered on the front surface of the base when the second glenoid component is engaged with the base.

17. The set of glenoidal components of claim 9, wherein when assembled, only one of the first glenoid component and the second glenoid component is fully seated against the base.

18. The set of glenoidal components of claim 9, wherein when assembled, the front surface of the base is adjacent to only one of the first rear surface of the first glenoid component and the second rear surface of the second glenoid component.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) The invention will be more readily understood and other advantages thereof will appear more clearly in the light of the following description of five forms of embodiment of a glenoidal component and of two forms of embodiment of a set of glenoidal components in accordance with its principle, given solely by way of example and made with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

(2) FIG. 1 schematically shows a shoulder prosthesis according to the. invention implanted on a patient in a first configuration.

(3) FIG. 2 is a view similar to Figure I for a prosthesis likewise according to the invention, implanted in a second configuration.

(4) FIG. 3 is an exploded side view of the glenoidal component used in the prosthesis of FIG. 2.

(5) FIG. 4 is a view in perspective of a base belonging to the component 15 shown in FIG. 3.

(6) FIG. 5 schematically shows a set of glenoidal components incorporating the one shown in FIGS. 3 and 4.

(7) FIG. 6 is a view similar to FIG. 3 for a component in accordance with a second form of embodiment of the invention.

(8) FIG. 7 is a view similar to FIG. 3 for a component in accordance with a third form of embodiment of the invention.

(9) FIG. 8 shows a glenoidal component in accordance with a fourth form of embodiment of the invention of which the base is shown in side view and of which the element defining the convex articular surface is shown in cross section.

(10) FIG. 9 is an exploded view in perspective of the component of FIG. 8.

(11) FIG. 10 is a view similar to FIG. 8 for a component in accordance with a fifth form of embodiment of the invention; and

(12) FIG. 11 is a view similar to FIG. 9 for the component of FIG. 10.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

(13) Referring now to the drawings, the prosthesis P shown in FIG. 1 comprises a humeral component 1 composed of a stem 11 intended to be anchored in the medullary canal of the humerus H, as well as of a metaphyseal part 12 in which is immobilized a cup 13 made of polyethylene defining a concave articular surface S.sub.1 substantially in the form of a portion of sphere.

(14) In accordance with a variant of the invention (not shown), the component I does not present a cup 13, the surface S1 being formed by the metaphyseal part which is made of metal.

(15) The prosthesis P also comprises a glenoidal component 2 which defines a convex articular surface S.sub.2 substantially in the form of a hemisphere.

(16) In order to render the drawing clearer, the component 1 is shown in section, while the component 2 is shown in an outside view in FIG. 1.

(17) The surface S.sub.2 is substantially in the form of a hemisphere and X.sub.2-X.sub.2 denotes the axis of symmetry on which this surface is centred.

(18) Furthermore, Z-Z denotes a vertical axis passing through the centre of the spinal column of a patient who is standing up.

(19) S.sub.G denotes the milled surface of the glenoid cavity G against which the component 2 abuts when it is mounted on the glenoid cavity.

(20) Normally, the surface S.sub.G is substantially parallel to axis Z-Z, with the result that an axis X.sub.G-X.sub.G normal to the surface S.sub.G and passing through its centre, is substantially perpendicular to axis Z-Z, i.e. substantially horizontal when the patient is standing up. In the configuration of FIG. 1 which corresponds to a nominal configuration of implantation, axes X.sub.G-X.sub.G and X.sub.2-X.sub.2 merge and are both horizontal.

(21) However, as shown in FIG. 2, it may happen that the surface S.sub.G is not really parallel to the axis Z-Z, particularly due to wear of the glenoid cavity G or a partial destruction thereof in its upper part, and even its lower part. In that case, the surface S.sub.G forms a non-zero angle a with respect to a straight line Z.sub.1-Z.sub.1 parallel to axis Z-Z and passing through the centre M.sub.G of the surface S.sub.G. When the patient is standing up, the axis X.sub.G-X.sub.G forms the same angle a with respect to the horizontal.

(22) According to the invention, the component 2 is configured so that the axis X.sub.2-X.sub.2 of the surface S.sub.2 is substantially horizontal when the patient is standing up, despite the non-optimal orientation of the surface S.sub.G.

(23) The component 2 is shown in exploded side view in FIG. 3 and comprises a base or plate 21 intended to be fixed on the glenoid cavity G; as well as a metallic element 22, sometimes called head, which defines the surface S.sub.2 and which is provided with a centering finger 23 intended to penetrate in a housing 24 made in the base 21 and centred on an axis X.sub.24-X.sub.24 perpendicular to the front face 25 of the base 21 which is substantially planar and oriented opposite the glenoid cavity when the base is mounted on the glenoid cavity.

(24) 26 denotes the rear face of the base 21 which bears against the surface S.sub.G when the base is in mounted configuration.

(25) An anchoring stem 27 extends from the surface 26 in a direction parallel to an axis X.sub.27-X.sub.27 perpendicular to the surface 26.

(26) The base 21 is also pierced with four orifices 28 for passage of four screws 29 represented solely by their lines of axis in FIG. 4.

(27) The front face 25 is in the form of a disc centred on the axis X.sub.24-X.sub.24 and bordered by a truncated surface 30, centred on the axis X.sub.24-X.sub.24 and convergent opposite the stem 27.

(28) The surface 30 extends all around the front face 25 but joins the rear face 26 over only a part of the periphery of the base 21.

(29) The face 26 is substantially planar and the faces 25 and 26 are not parallel to each other. denotes the non-zero angle formed between the faces 25 and 26.

(30) The inclined character of the front face 25 with respect to the rear face 26 of the base 21 makes it possible to compensate completely or partially the inclined character with respect to the straight line Z.sub.1-Z.sub.1 of the surface S.sub.G, as long as the least thick part of the base 21, which is shown to the right of FIG. 3, is disposed in the vicinity of the lower part of the surface S.sub.G, i.e. the part located towards the patient's ribs.

(31) When the base or plate 21 has been anchored on the glenoid cavity G as indicated hereinabove thanks to the stem 27 and to the positioning of the four screws 29, the element 22 may be placed in position by introducing the finger 23 in the housing 24 and causing an internal surface 31 of the element 22 shown in broken lines only in FIG. 3, to bear against the surface 30. The geometries of the surfaces 30 and 31 are adapted to obtain a locking in the manner of a Morse cone.

(32) In this way, the relative orientation of the faces 25 and 26 makes it possible to orient the axis X.sub.2-X.sub.2 of the surface S.sub.2 downwardly in FIG. 2 with respect to axis X.sub.G-X.sub.G in its part which projects beyond the glenoid cavity, i.e. to return this axis into substantially horizontal configuration, while the surface S.sub.G is not parallel to axis Z-Z.

(33) Taking into account the relative orientation of the faces 25 and 26, the surface 30 borders the face 25 only over a fraction of the height of that part of the based located between the faces 25 mad 26. 32 denotes the portion of peripheral surface of the base 21 which is not formed by part 30. This surface is out of true.

(34) As is more particularly visible in FIG. 5, a set of glenoidal components according to the invention may incorporate a plurality of glenoidal components 2a, 2b, 2c and 2d of which the bases 21a, 21b, 21c and 21d have front faces 25a, 25b, 25c and 25d which make different angles a, b, c and d with respect to their respective rear faces 26a, 26b, 26c and 26d. It will be noted that the front and rear faces of the base 21d are substantially parallel, the angle d between them being, in that case, zero.

(35) The element 22 associated with each base 21a, 21b, 21c and 21d may be the same or be different from one component to another.

(36) In this way, when a surgeon installs a shoulder prosthesis P, he may, as a function of the relative orientation of the surface S.sub.G and of the axis Z-Z, select a glenoidal component of which the base comprises front and rear faces oriented in such a manner as to allow the main part of the defect of orientation of the surface S.sub.G to be compensated.

(37) Of course, the number of glenoidal components of a set such as the one shown in FIG. 5 is not necessarily four. It may be chosen as a function of the desired precision. In addition, it is not compulsory that, in such a set, a plate has surfaces which are parallel to each other, as shown to the right in FIG. 5. However, it is noted that the glenoidal component shown to the right of FIG. 5 may be used when the prosthesis P is to be implanted in the configuration of FIG. 1.

(38) The installation of a total shoulder prosthesis is facilitated by the use of such a set of components insofar as the surgeon can select a glenoidal component effectively adapted to the patient's morphology, them immobilize this component in a position such that the axis of symmetry of the convex articular surface is substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the patient's spinal column.

(39) In the second form of embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 6, elements similar to those of the first embodiment bear identical references increased by 100. The glenoidal component 102 of this embodiment comprises an element 122 which bears a substantially hemispherical convex articular surface, this element being identical to that of the first embodiment. The base 121 of the component 102 also comprises an anchoring stem 127. This anchoring stem is centred on an axis X.sub.27-X.sub.27 perpendicular to the front face 125 of the base 121 which is planar and bordered by a truncated surface 130. The base 121 is provided with a housing 124 for receiving a finger 123 belonging to the element 122, this finger being centred on the axis of symmetry X.sub.2-X.sub.2 of the surface S.sub.2. The central axis X.sub.124-X.sub.124 of the housing 124 merges with the central axis X.sub.127-X.sub.127 of the stem 127.

(40) This form of embodiment differs from the preceding one in that the rear face 126 of the base 121 is not perpendicular to the axis X.sub.127-X.sub.127, with the result that a non-zero angle exists between the faces 125, and 126.

(41) In this embodiment, it may be considered that the rear face 126 is provided with a heel or wedge 134 which serves to compensate the non-optimal orientation of the surface S.sub.G.

(42) In the third form of embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 7, elements similar to those of the first embodiment bear identical references increased by 200. The glenoidal component 202 of this embodiment comprises a 25 base 221 as well as an element 222 which forms a substantially hemispherical articular surface S2 centred on an axis X.sub.2-X.sub.2 on which a centring finger 223 is also centred.

(43) The front (225) and rear (226) faces of the base 221 are not parallel to each other and define a non-zero angle . This embodiment incorporates certain elements of the first and second embodiments, namely that the surfaces 225 and 226 are both inclined, in different directions, with respect to a longitudinal axis X.sub.227-X.sub.227 of an anchoring stem 227 of the base 221 in the glenoid cavity.

(44) In the fourth form of embodiment of the invention shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, elements similar to those of the first embodiment bear identical references increased by 300. The glenoidal component 302 of this embodiment comprises a base 321 similar to that of the component shown to the right in FIG. 5, i.e. of which the front (325) and rear (326) faces are substantially parallel to each other and perpendicular to a central axis X.sub.327-X.sub.327 of an anchoring stem 327.

(45) An element 322 intended to be mounted on the base 321 defines a surface S.sub.2 substantially in the form of a hemisphere and centred on an axis X.sub.2-X.sub.2 which is not parallel to axis X.sub.327-X.sub.327 when the element 322 is in mounted configuration on the base 321. To that end, the portion 322a of the element 322 which defines the surface S.sub.2 is extended by a skirt 322b in the form of a portion of torus centred on an axis X.sub.c perpendicular to axis X.sub.2-X.sub.2 and tangential to the convex articular surface S2 in the vicinity of a zone of intersection between this surface S2 and a plane 1t perpendicular to axis X.sub.2-X.sub.2 and passing through the centre C2 of the surface S.sub.2. denotes the angular amplitude of the skirt 322b, i.e. the angle between the plane and the rear face 322c of the element 322 intended to be turned towards the resectioned surface of the glenoid cavity when the component 302 is in mounted configuration.

(46) A housing 332 is made inside the element 322, both in the skirt 322b and 25 in the portion 322a. This housing is intended to receive the part of the base 321 defined between the surfaces 325 and 326. The housing 332 is bordered by a truncated surface 331 convergent in the direction of the surface S.sub.2, while a surface 330 of the same geometry is provided on the element 321 between the faces 325 and 326.

(47) 333 denotes the circular opening for entrance in the housing 332.

(48) The surface S.sub.2 is pierced with a passage 334 allowing the introduction of a tool in the direction of arrow F.sub.3 up to the interior of the element 322, which makes it possible to manoeuvre a screw (not shown) for immobilizing the element 322 on the base 321. Such a screw may in particular control the displacement of a finger such as the finger 23 of the first embodiment, which is, in that case, threaded, in order to be meshed with a tapped part of the base 321, and this in accordance with the technical teaching of FR-A-2 835 425.

(49) X.sub.334-X.sub.334 denotes the longitudinal axis of the passage 334. This axis is perpendicular to the surface S.sub.2 and offset by angle with respect to axis X.sub.2-X.sub.2.

(50) In the fifth form of embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 10, elements similar to those of the first embodiment bear identical references increased by 400. The glenoidal component 402 of this embodiment is made in accordance with the same principle as that of the fourth embodiment, with a base 421 identical to base 321 and en element 422 which defines a surface S.sub.2 centred on an axis X.sub.2-X.sub.2 inclined downwardly in FIG. 10. This embodiment differs from the preceding one in that the angular amplitude of the skirt 422b, which extends the portion 422a of the element 422 defining the surface S.sub.2, is greater than in the embodiment of FIGS. 8 and 9, this making it possible to increase the effect of cant of the surface S.sub.2 with respect to the rear face 426 if the base 421.

(51) The components shown in FIGS. 8 to 11 may be considered as belonging to the same set of glenoidal components allowing the surgeon to select the component most adapted as a function of the value of the angle and of the orientation of the resectioned surface S.sub.G of the glenoidal cavity with respect to the longitudinal axis Z-Z of the patient's spinal column.

(52) Of course, the number of components of such a set is limited to two.

(53) The characteristics of the different forms of embodiment shown may be combined together in that a base or plate with non-parallel front and rear faces might be used with an element provided with a skirt extending the portion of this element defining an axisymmetric convex articular surface.

(54) The invention also allows a correct implantation of a glenoidal component when the lower part of the scapula is damaged. In that case, it suffices to turn the component with respect to the configuration shown in FIG. 2.

(55) The invention has been shown with two-part glenoidal components. However, it is equally well applicable to one-piece glenoidal components.