APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR RAPID COOLING OF HIGH TEMPERATURE GAS

Abstract

The apparatus includes one or more cylindrical housings connected to one another, a jacket on an outer side of a housing, an inner cylinder disposed at least in an interior of a first cylindrical housing, a heat insulation gasket, inner members, a corrosive high temperature gas inlet disposed on the heat insulation gasket, a gas and liquid phase outlet disposed at a bottom of the housing or a bottom of a last housing and a coolant inlet and outlet connected to an interior of the jacket. The heat insulation gasket seals the first cylindrical housing and a top of the inner cylinder in the interior of the first cylindrical housing. The inner members are distributed along a wall of the housing, communicate an interior of the jacket with an interior of the housing, and distribute a liquid in the interior of the jacket to the interior of the housing.

Claims

1. An apparatus for rapid cooling of a high temperature gas, comprising: one or more cylindrical housings connected to one another; a jacket on an outer side of a cylindrical housing of the one or more cylindrical housings; an inner cylinder disposed at least in an interior of a first cylindrical housing; a heat insulation gasket configured to seal the first cylindrical housing and a top of the inner cylinder in the interior of the first cylindrical housing; inner members distributed along a wall of the cylindrical housing, wherein the inner members are configured to communicate an interior of the jacket with an interior of the cylindrical housing, and configured to distribute a liquid in the interior of the jacket to the interior of the cylindrical housing; a high temperature gas inlet disposed on the heat insulation gasket; a gas and liquid phase outlet disposed on a bottom of the cylindrical housing or a bottom of a last cylindrical housing; and a coolant inlet and outlet connected to the interior of the jacket.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein each of the inner members is an opening penetrating through the wall of the cylindrical housing from the interior of the jacket, or the opening and a nozzle connected to the opening.

3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the apparatus comprises one or more sections, preferably 2 to 3 sections, wherein a cylindrical housing with the inner cylinder is a section a, and a cylindrical housing without the inner cylinder is a section b, wherein the section a and the section b are combined in the following manner: a combination of one section a and one section b, a combination of one section a and a plurality of sections b, or cycling the combination of one section a and one section b.

4. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the cylindrical housing has a diameter of 10 mm to 5000 mm, preferably 100 mm to 1000 mm, more preferably 250 mm to 600 mm; the cylindrical housing has a height of 0.4 m to 2.5 m, preferably 0.5 m to 1.5 m; and the inner cylinder and the jacket each have a same height as a corresponding cylindrical housing; a distance between the cylindrical housing and the jacket is 5 mm to 100 mm, preferably 10 mm to 30 mm; a distance between the cylindrical housing and the inner cylinder is 1 mm to 100 mm, preferably 5 mm to 50 mm; the cylindrical housing has a thickness of 1 mm to 100 mm, preferably 5 mm to 50 mm; the jacket on the outer side of the cylindrical housing has a thickness of 1 mm to 100 mm, preferably 5 mm to 50 mm; and the inner cylinder has a thickness of 1 mm to 50 mm, preferably 2 mm to 10 mm; and optionally, the cylindrical housing and the jacket are made of a lining material having a thickness of 0.05 mm to 10 mm, preferably 2 mm to 5 mm.

5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a gas entering the cylindrical housing has an initial velocity of 1 m/s to 100 m/s, preferably 5 m/s to 50 m/s, more preferably 15 m/s to 50 m/s; the gas has a staying time of 0.01 s to 5 s, preferably 0.05 s to 1 s, more preferably 0.1 s to 0.5 s; and preferably, the gas has a flow rate of 10 Nm3/h to 1000000 Nm3/h, and a ratio of volume flow rates of a coolant to the gas is 1:10 to 5000.

6. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein each of the inner members is a round or elongated opening connected to no nozzle, the opening connected to the nozzle, or a combination of the nozzle connected to the opening and the opening connected to no nozzle.

7. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein a single nozzle has a flow rate of 10 L/min to 1000 L/min, preferably 30 L/min to 100 L/min; the nozzle has a spray particle size less than or equal to 2000 μm, preferably less than or equal to 1000 μm, more preferably less than or equal to 500 μm; a pressure drop is controlled within a range less than or equal to 5 bar, preferably less than or equal to 1.5 bar, more preferably less than or equal to 0.5 bar; and the single nozzle is capable of spraying at an angle of 60° to 120°, preferably, 90°, more preferably 120°; and/or nozzles are uniformly distributed on the cylindrical housing or mounted in a center of the interior of the cylindrical housing, and the nozzle is mounted on the cylindrical housing in a direction which is at 30° to 150° with a direction of a horizontal tangent of a mounting point on the wall of the cylindrical housing, more preferably 60° to 120° with the direction of the horizontal tangent of the mounting point on the wall of the cylindrical housing, and at 30° to 150° with an axial direction of the wall of the cylindrical housing, and more preferably 60° to 120° with the axial direction of the wall of the cylindrical housing; and/or a number of nozzles on each cross-section of the cylindrical housing is 1 to 50, preferably 2 to 10, the nozzles are disposed in a single layer or multiple layers, a number of layers is determined according to a height of the apparatus for rapid cooling, and a distance between adjacent layers of nozzles is required to be 10 mm to 1000 mm, preferably 200 mm to 500 mm.

8. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the round or elongated opening has an opening rate greater than or equal to 0.05% and an equivalent diameter greater than or equal to 0.5 mm, preferably 1 mm to 5 mm; round or elongated openings are uniformly distributed or concentrated disposed; preferably, a coolant ejected from the round or elongated opening has a linear velocity of 0.5 m/s to 50 m/s, preferably 2 m/s to 10 m/s, and a pressure drop is less than or equal to 5.0 bar, preferably less than or equal to 1.0 bar, more preferably less than or equal to 0.5 bar.

9. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a material for manufacturing the cylindrical housing, the inner cylinder, the jacket and the nozzle of the apparatus has a thermal conductivity greater than or equal to 5 W/m*K, preferably greater than or equal to 50 W/m*K, more preferably greater than or equal to 100 W/m*K, and the material is preferably selected from CS, 316L, a nickel-based material and a tantalum material.

10. A system for rapid cooling of a high temperature gas, comprising an apparatus for rapid cooling of a high temperature gas, and further comprising a gas-and-liquid separation device, a liquid delivery device, and a heat transfer device; wherein the apparatus for rapid cooling of a high temperature gas comprises: one or more cylindrical housings connected to one another; a jacket on an outer side of a cylindrical housing of the one or more cylindrical housings; an inner cylinder disposed at least in an interior of a first cylindrical housing; a heat insulation gasket configured to seal the first cylindrical housing and a top of the inner cylinder in the interior of the first cylindrical housing; inner members distributed along a wall of the cylindrical housing, wherein the inner members are configured to communicate an interior of the jacket with an interior of the cylindrical housing, and configured to distribute a liquid in the interior of the jacket to the interior of the cylindrical housing; a high temperature gas inlet disposed on the heat insulation gasket; a gas and liquid phase outlet disposed on a bottom of the cylindrical housing or a bottom of a last cylindrical housing; and a coolant inlet and outlet connected to the interior of the jacket, and wherein an outlet of the apparatus for rapid cooling of the high temperature gas is connected to an inlet of the gas-and-liquid separation device through a pipe, the gas-and-liquid separation device has a gas outlet and a liquid outlet, and a liquid of the gas-and-liquid separation device is delivered to the heat transfer device through the liquid delivery device and returned to an inlet of a jacket of the apparatus for rapid cooling of the high temperature gas after being delivered out of the heat transfer device.

11. A method for rapid cooling of a high temperature gas using an apparatus for rapid cooling of a high temperature gas, wherein the apparatus for rapid cooling of a high temperature gas comprises: one or more cylindrical housings connected to one another; a jacket on an outer side of a cylindrical housing of the one or more cylindrical housings; an inner cylinder disposed at least in an interior of a first cylindrical housing; a heat insulation gasket configured to seal the first cylindrical housing and a top of the inner cylinder in the interior of the first cylindrical housing; inner members distributed along a wall of the cylindrical housing, wherein the inner members are configured to communicate an interior of the jacket with an interior of the cylindrical housing, and configured to distribute a liquid in the interior of the jacket to the interior of the cylindrical housing; a high temperature gas inlet disposed on the heat insulation gasket; a gas and liquid phase outlet disposed on a bottom of the cylindrical housing or a bottom of a last cylindrical housing; and a coolant inlet and outlet connected to the interior of the jacket, and the method comprising: a strongly corrosive solid-containing high temperature gas entering the apparatus for rapid cooling of the high temperature gas and being rapidly cooled in an interior of a first cylindrical housing by a liquid entering the apparatus; optionally, the gas being further rapidly mixed with the liquid entering the apparatus and rapidly cooled in an interior of a cylindrical housing at a next stage; and a gas phase and a liquid phase entering a gas-and-liquid separation device, the gas phase being cooled leaving the gas-and-liquid separation device, part of the liquid phase being extracted, and part of the liquid phase being cooled and then returning to the apparatus for rapid cooling of the high temperature gas to be recycled.

12. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein each of the inner members is a round or elongated opening connected to no nozzle, the opening connected to the nozzle, or a combination of the nozzle connected to the opening and the opening connected to no nozzle.

13. The apparatus according to claim 4, wherein each of the inner members is a round or elongated opening connected to no nozzle, the opening connected to the nozzle, or a combination of the nozzle connected to the opening and the opening connected to no nozzle.

14. The apparatus according to claim 5, wherein each of the inner members is a round or elongated opening connected to no nozzle, the opening connected to the nozzle, or a combination of the nozzle connected to the opening and the opening connected to no nozzle.

15. The system according to claim 10, wherein each of the inner members is an opening penetrating through the wall of the cylindrical housing from the interior of the jacket, or the opening and a nozzle connected to the opening.

16. The system according to claim 10, wherein the apparatus comprises one or more sections, preferably 2 to 3 sections, wherein a cylindrical housing with the inner cylinder is a section a, and a cylindrical housing without the inner cylinder is a section b, wherein the section a and the section b are combined in the following manner: a combination of one section a and one section b, a combination of one section a and a plurality of sections b, or cycling the combination of one section a and one section b.

17. The system according to claim 10, wherein the cylindrical housing has a diameter of 10 mm to 5000 mm, preferably 100 mm to 1000 mm, more preferably 250 mm to 600 mm; the cylindrical housing has a height of 0.4 m to 2.5 m, preferably 0.5 m to 1.5 m; and the inner cylinder and the jacket each have a same height as a corresponding cylindrical housing; a distance between the cylindrical housing and the jacket is 5 mm to 100 mm, preferably 10 mm to 30 mm; a distance between the cylindrical housing and the inner cylinder is 1 mm to 100 mm, preferably 5 mm to 50 mm; the cylindrical housing has a thickness of 1 mm to 100 mm, preferably 5 mm to 50 mm; the jacket on the outer side of the cylindrical housing has a thickness of 1 mm to 100 mm, preferably 5 mm to 50 mm; and the inner cylinder has a thickness of 1 mm to 50 mm, preferably 2 mm to 10 mm; and optionally, the cylindrical housing and the jacket are made of a lining material having a thickness of 0.05 mm to 10 mm, preferably 2 mm to 5 mm.

18. The method according to claim 11, wherein each of the inner members is an opening penetrating through the wall of the cylindrical housing from the interior of the jacket, or the opening and a nozzle connected to the opening.

19. The method according to claim 11, wherein the apparatus comprises one or more sections, preferably 2 to 3 sections, wherein a cylindrical housing with the inner cylinder is a section a, and a cylindrical housing without the inner cylinder is a section b, wherein the section a and the section b are combined in the following manner: a combination of one section a and one section b, a combination of one section a and a plurality of sections b, or cycling the combination of one section a and one section b.

20. The method according to claim 11, wherein the cylindrical housing has a diameter of 10 mm to 5000 mm, preferably 100 mm to 1000 mm, more preferably 250 mm to 600 mm; the cylindrical housing has a height of 0.4 m to 2.5 m, preferably 0.5 m to 1.5 m; and the inner cylinder and the jacket each have a same height as a corresponding cylindrical housing; a distance between the cylindrical housing and the jacket is 5 mm to 100 mm, preferably 10 mm to 30 mm; a distance between the cylindrical housing and the inner cylinder is 1 mm to 100 mm, preferably 5 mm to 50 mm; the cylindrical housing has a thickness of 1 mm to 100 mm, preferably 5 mm to 50 mm; the jacket on the outer side of the cylindrical housing has a thickness of 1 mm to 100 mm, preferably 5 mm to 50 mm; and the inner cylinder has a thickness of 1 mm to 50 mm, preferably 2 mm to 10 mm; and optionally, the cylindrical housing and the jacket are made of a lining material having a thickness of 0.05 mm to 10 mm, preferably 2 mm to 5 mm.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] FIG. 1 is a structure diagram of an apparatus for rapid cooling of a high temperature gas, where

[0029] FIG. 1(a) shows a section a with an inner cylinder, and FIG. 1(b) shows a section b without the inner cylinder.

[0030] FIG. 2 is a structure diagram of an apparatus for rapid cooling of a high temperature gas, including one section a and one section b.

[0031] FIG. 3 is a structure diagram of an apparatus for rapid cooling of a high temperature gas.

[0032] FIG. 4 is a structure diagram of an unfolded housing provided with inner members.

[0033] FIG. 5 is a structure diagram of inner members disposed on a housing.

[0034] FIG. 6 is a flowchart for rapid cooling of a high temperature gas.

REFERENCE LIST

[0035] 001 cylindrical housing [0036] 002 jacket on an outer side of the housing [0037] 003 inner cylinder [0038] 004 segmenting flange [0039] 005 heat insulation gasket [0040] 006 inner member [0041] N01 corrosive high temperature gas inlet [0042] N02 gas and liquid phase outlet [0043] N03-N05 coolant inlet and outlet [0044] 101 apparatus for rapid cooling [0045] 102 gas-and-liquid separation device [0046] 103 liquid delivery device [0047] 104 heat transfer device [0048] 201-207 connection pipe

[0049] It is to be noted that both the section a and the section b in FIG. 1 consist of the cylindrical housing, the jacket on the outer side of the housing, a water film generation member and a water mist generation member, the section a has the inner cylinder, and the section b does not have the inner cylinder. The section a and the section b may be combined in the following manner: a combination of sections a+b, a combination of sections a+b+b+ . . . or a combination of sections a+b+a+b+a+b+ . . . .

[0050] It is to be noted that FIGS. 4 and 5 only illustrate one type of water film generation member, one type of water mist generation member and distributions thereof. It is specified in the present disclosure that the water film generation member and water mist generation member are not limited to these two types. Any apparatus for rapid cooling capable of forming a stable water film and a water mist through sprayer heads and openings is within the scope of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] The present disclosure is further described below in conjunction with embodiments, but the present disclosure is not limited to the following embodiments. In the following embodiments, a diameter, if not specifically stated, refers to an outer diameter.

EXAMPLE 1

[0052] An apparatus for rapid cooling shown in FIG. 2 is used, which consists of one section a and one section b. The apparatus for rapid cooling includes a cylindrical housing with a diameter of 400 mm and is divided into two sections. A first section (section a) has a height of 1.0 m, and a second section (section b) has a height of 1.0 m. A distance between the cylindrical housing and a jacket in each section is 30 mm. The first section has an inner cylinder, and the second section does not have the inner cylinder. A distance between the cylindrical housing and the inner cylinder in the first section is 5 mm. In the apparatus for rapid cooling, the cylindrical housing is made of a tantalum material, a body of the jacket on an outer side of the housing is made of CS, tantalum covers an inner side of the jacket, the inner cylinder and a sprayer head are made of the tantalum material, the cylindrical housing has a thickness of 4 mm, the jacket on the outer side of the housing has a thickness of 20 mm, the inner cylinder has a thickness of 3 mm, and a lining material on the inner side of the jacket has a thickness of 1.2 mm.

[0053] An opening (communicating with an interior of the jacket and passing through a wall of the cylindrical housing) for the cylindrical housing in the first section is a round opening shown in FIG. 4, which has an opening rate of 0.5% and a diameter of 5 mm. 13 layers of openings, 25 openings in each layer, are uniformly distributed on the cylindrical housing. The round opening has a linear velocity of 1.74 m/s, a pressure drop is 80 kPa, and a liquid entering the jacket has a flow rate of 40 m.sup.3/h and a temperature of 98° C. An inner member for the cylindrical housing in the second section is a nozzle. The nozzle communicates with the interior of the jacket through the opening which passes through the wall of the cylindrical housing and is configured to spray the liquid in the interior of the jacket to an interior of the cylindrical housing. The nozzle is a wide-angle nozzle. A single nozzle sprays at an angle of 120° and has a spray particle size of 500 um, a pressure drop is 1.0 bar, and the liquid entering the jacket has a flow rate of 40 m.sup.3/h and a temperature of 98° C. Mounting positions of nozzles are uniformly distributed on the cylindrical housing. The nozzle is mounted on the cylindrical housing in a direction which is at 90° with an axial direction of the wall of the cylindrical housing and 90° with a direction of a horizontal tangent of a mounting point on the wall of the cylindrical housing. The number of nozzles on each cross-section is 3, and the number of layers is 3. Nozzles in a second layer rotate 60° clockwise according to an arrangement of nozzles in a first layer, and nozzles in a third layer rotate 60° clockwise according to an arrangement of the nozzles in the second layer, ensuring that a high temperature gas completely passes through the three layers of nozzles. The first section is an introduction section provided with the inner cylinder to prevent the high temperature gas from being in direct contact with the cylindrical housing. Moreover, a water film is formed between the inner cylinder and the cylindrical housing so that an inner wall of the housing in the second section is protected to prevent the high temperature gas from being in contact with the inner wall of the housing.

[0054] The high temperature gas (a gas from an HCl oxidation reactor) entering the apparatus for rapid cooling has a pressure of 0.42 MPaG, a temperature of 380° C., a flow rate of 4000 Nm.sup.3/h and a volume composition of HCl (15%), Cl.sub.2 (30%), H.sub.2O (27%), O.sub.2 (18%) and CO.sub.2 (10%) and contains 0.5% (by weight) of solid particles with an average particle size of 200 μm. The high temperature gas enters an apparatus for rapid cooling 101 through a pipe 201 and an inlet N01. The first section of the apparatus for rapid cooling 101 is the introduction section of an acid high temperature gas. A dilute acid (a hydrochloric acid with a mass concentration of 21%), which has a flow rate of 40 m.sup.3/h and a temperature of 98° C., enters a jacket 002 through a pipe 206 and an inlet N03. The jacket 002 is filled with the dilute acid for cooling a cylindrical housing 001. The dilute acid is sprayed directly onto an outer wall of the inner cylinder through the round openings on the cylindrical housing to form the water film, which protects the inner side of the cylindrical housing in the first section and the inner side of the cylindrical housing in the second section. The corrosive high temperature gas enters the second section of the apparatus for rapid cooling 101. The dilute acid (21%) having a flow rate of 40 m.sup.3/h and a temperature of 98° C. enters the jacket 002 through a pipe 205 and an inlet N04. A water mist generation member, the nozzle, is directly mounted on the cylindrical housing. The dilute acid enters the nozzle through the jacket. The dilute acid is atomized by the nozzle and fully mixed with the acid high temperature gas to rapidly cool the acid high temperature gas to about 120° C. The mixed gas phase and liquid phase leave the apparatus for rapid cooling 101 through an outlet N02 and enter a device 102 for gas-and-liquid separation through a pipe 202. A low temperature gas enters a subsequent device through a pipe 203. The liquid phase enters a device 103 through a pipe 204, enters a heat exchanger 104 to be cooled to 98° C., and enters the jacket of the apparatus for rapid cooling through the pipe 205 and the pipe 206 to enter the interior of the housing of the apparatus for rapid cooling.

[0055] The apparatus for rapid cooling has operated continuously for three months, and the tantalum material is free of hydrogen embrittlement at a high temperature of 380° C. Moreover, a nickel-based heat exchanger and a tantalum heat exchanger in an original process are replaced, simplifying a flow and operations.

Example 1-1

[0056] Differences from Example 1 are listed below. The apparatus for rapid cooling includes the cylindrical housing with a diameter of 100 mm and is divided into two sections. The first section (section a) has a height of 1.5 m, and the second section (section b) has a height of 2.5 m. The distance between the cylindrical housing and the jacket in each section is 10 mm. The first section has the inner cylinder, and the second section does not have the inner cylinder. The distance between the cylindrical housing and the inner cylinder in the first section is 25 mm.

[0057] The opening (communicating with the interior of the jacket and passing through the wall of the cylindrical housing) for the cylindrical housing in the first section is the round opening shown in FIG. 4, which has an opening rate of 5% and a diameter of 1 mm. 150 layers of openings, 205 openings in each layer, are uniformly distributed on the cylindrical housing. The round opening has a linear velocity of 8.5 m/s, the pressure drop is 3.0 bar, and the liquid entering the jacket has a flow rate of 120 m.sup.3/h and a temperature of 98° C. The inner member for the cylindrical housing in the second section is the nozzle. The nozzle communicates with the interior of the jacket through the opening which passes through the wall of the cylindrical housing and is configured to spray the liquid in the interior of the jacket to the interior of the cylindrical housing. The nozzle is a wide-angle nozzle. A single nozzle sprays at an angle of 120° and has a spray particle size of 2000 um, the pressure drop is 0.5 bar, and the liquid entering the jacket has a flow rate of 8 m.sup.3/h and a temperature of 98° C.

[0058] The apparatus for rapid cooling has operated continuously for three months, and the tantalum material is free of hydrogen embrittlement at a high temperature of 380° C.

EXAMPLE 2

[0059] An apparatus for rapid cooling shown in FIG. 3 is used, which consists of sections a+b+b. The apparatus for rapid cooling includes a cylindrical housing with a diameter of 2000 mm and is divided into three sections. A first section has a height of 0.5 m, a second section has a height of 1 m, and a third section has a height of 0.5 m. The three sections are connected through welding. A distance between the cylindrical housing and a jacket in each section is 50 mm. The first section has an inner cylinder, and the second section and the third section do not have the inner cylinder. A distance between the cylindrical housing and the inner cylinder is 5 mm. In the apparatus for rapid cooling, the cylindrical housing, a sprayer head and the inner cylinder are made of 304 stainless steel, 304 stainless steel covers an inner side of the jacket on an outer side of the housing, the cylindrical housing has a thickness of 5 mm, the jacket on the outer side of the housing has a thickness of 15 mm, and the inner cylinder has a thickness of 1.5 mm.

[0060] An inner member for the cylindrical housing in the first section is a nozzle. The nozzle communicates with an interior of the jacket through an opening (which has a diameter similar to that of the nozzle) which passes through a wall of the cylindrical housing and is configured to spray a liquid in the interior of the jacket to an outer wall of the inner cylinder. The nozzle is a wide-angle nozzle. A single nozzle sprays at an angle of 120° and has a spray particle size of 800 and a pressure drop is 1.5 bar. Mounting positions of nozzles are uniformly distributed on the cylindrical housing. The nozzle is mounted on the cylindrical housing in a direction which is at 90° with an axial direction of the wall of the cylindrical housing and 90° with a direction of a horizontal tangent of a mounting point on the wall of the cylindrical housing. The number of nozzles on each cross-section is 10, and the number of layers is 2. An inner member for the cylindrical housing in the second section is the nozzle. The nozzle communicates with the interior of the jacket through the opening which passes through the wall of the cylindrical housing and is configured to spray the liquid in the interior of the jacket to an interior of the cylindrical housing. The nozzle is a spiral nozzle. A single nozzle sprays at an angle of 120° and has a spray particle size of 800 and a pressure drop is 1.5 bar. Mounting positions of nozzles are uniformly distributed on the cylindrical housing. The nozzle is mounted on the cylindrical housing in a direction which is at 90° with a direction of a horizontal tangent of a mounting point on the wall of the cylindrical housing and 120° with an axial direction of the wall of the cylindrical housing. The number of nozzles on each cross-section is 10, and the number of layers is 4. An inner member for the cylindrical housing in the third section is the wide-angle nozzle. A single nozzle sprays at an angle of 120° and has a spray particle size of 800 μm and a pressure drop is 1.5 bar. The number of nozzles on each cross-section is 1, and the number of layers is 4. The nozzles are uniformly distributed in a center of the cylindrical housing. The first section is an introduction section, the second section is a cooling section, and the third section is a protection section to prevent a relatively high temperature in the center.

[0061] A high temperature gas (a pyrolysis gas from a cracking furnace) entering the apparatus for rapid cooling has a pressure of 0.005 MPaG, a temperature of 490° C., a flow rate of 500000 Nm.sup.3/h and a composition of water, ethylene, ethane, propane, propylene and butadiene. The high temperature gas enters an apparatus for rapid cooling 101 through a pipe 201. The first section of the apparatus for rapid cooling 101 is the introduction section. A quench oil (a C11 to C20 hydrocarbon oil), which has a flow rate of 800 m.sup.3/h and a temperature of 150° C., enters a jacket 002 through a pipe 206 and an inlet N03. The jacket 002 is filled with the quench oil for cooling a cylindrical housing 001. The quench oil is sprayed directly onto the inner cylinder through the sprayer head on the cylindrical housing to form a cooling oil film, where the oil film protects the inner side of the cylindrical housing in the first section and the inner side of the cylindrical housing in the second section. The second section is the cooling section. The quench oil having a temperature of 150° C. and a flow rate of 1750 m.sup.3/h passes through a pipe 205 the jacket of the apparatus for rapid cooling and the nozzle on the cylindrical housing. The quench oil is atomized and mixed with the high temperature gas to rapidly cool the high temperature gas to 240° C. The high temperature gas enters the third section of the apparatus for rapid cooling 101. The quench oil having a temperature of 150° C. and a flow rate of 240 m.sup.3/h passes through the pipe 205 and enters the nozzle through the jacket. The quench oil is atomized and fully mixed with a center of the high temperature gas to ensure a cooling effect of the center of the high temperature gas. The cooled gas enters a device 102 for gas-and-liquid separation through a pipe 202. A low temperature gas enters a subsequent device through a pipe 203. A liquid phase enters a device 103 through a pipe 204, enters a heat exchanger 104 to be cooled to 150° C. and enters the jacket of the apparatus for rapid cooling through the pipe 205 and the pipe 206 to enter the interior of the housing of the apparatus for rapid cooling. The heat exchanger may produce low-pressure steam for energy recovery.

[0062] The apparatus for rapid cooling replaces a quench tower in a current process of cooling the pyrolysis gas, simplifies a flow, reduces an investment in the device and ensures the cooling effect. The apparatus operates stably for a long period.

Example 2-1

[0063] Differences from Example 2 are listed below. The cylindrical housing of the apparatus for rapid cooling has a diameter of 5000 mm. The distance between the cylindrical housing and the jacket in each section is 100 mm, and the distance between the cylindrical housing and the inner cylinder in the first section is 50 mm. The high temperature gas entering the apparatus for rapid cooling has a pressure of 0.005 MPaG, a temperature of 490° C. and a flow rate of 55000 Nm.sup.3/h. The quench oil in the first section has a flow rate of 500 m.sup.3/hr, the quench oil in the second section has a flow rate of 1500 m.sup.3/hr, and the quench oil in the third section has a flow rate of 50 m.sup.3/hr. The apparatus for rapid cooling replaces the quench tower in the current process of cooling the pyrolysis gas, simplifies the flow, reduces the investment in the device and ensures the cooling effect. The apparatus operates stably for a long period.

COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1

[0064] A high temperature gas, which has a pressure of 0.42 MPaG, a temperature of 380° C., a flow rate of 4000 Nm.sup.3/h and a composition of HCl, Cl.sub.2, H.sub.2O and O.sub.2 and contains 0.5% of solid particles with an average particle size of 200 um, is cooled to 180° C. in a nickel-based shell-and-tube heat exchanger, is cooled to 120° C. in a tantalum shell-and-tube heat exchanger, and then enters a gas-and-liquid separation device. Catalyst particles in the reaction gas easily cause blockage of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger so that an apparatus cannot operate stably. If the nickel-based heat exchanger is in a supercooled state, a liquid appears, causing corrosion of the nickel-based heat exchanger. After operating for one month, the nickel-based heat exchanger is seriously blocked by solids and cannot reach a cooling design value, and the tantalum heat exchanger cannot operate at a temperature of 200° C. so that the device has a risk of hydrogen embrittlement and the apparatus is forced to shut down.

COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 2

[0065] A high temperature gas, which has a pressure of 0.005 MPaG, a temperature of 490° C., a flow rate of 500000 Nm.sup.3/h and a composition of water, ethylene, ethane, propane, propylene and butadiene, passes through a section b of an apparatus for rapid cooling without a jacket. A cylindrical housing has a thickness of 5 mm and a length of 2.0 m. An inner member on the cylindrical housing is a nozzle. The nozzle is a spiral nozzle. A single nozzle sprays at an angle of 120° and has a spray particle size of 800 um, and a pressure drop is 1.5 bar. Mounting positions of nozzles are uniformly distributed on the cylindrical housing. The nozzle is mounted on the cylindrical housing in a direction which is at 90° with an axial direction of the wall of the cylindrical housing and 90° with a direction of a horizontal tangent of a mounting point on the wall of the cylindrical housing. The number of nozzles on each cross-section is 10, and the number of layers is 4. A quench oil having a temperature of 150° C. and a flow rate of 1750 m.sup.3/h passes through a pipe and the nozzle on the cylindrical housing. The quench oil is atomized and mixed with the high temperature gas to cool the high temperature gas to 240° C. Under these process conditions, without being cooled by the quench oil in the jacket, a wall surface of the cylindrical housing has a relatively high temperature. Moreover, without an inner member for formation of a water film, the cylindrical housing cannot be protected by the water film so that the uniformity of the temperature of the wall surface of the cylindrical housing cannot be ensured, and local hot spots are easy to form, causing damages to the device and shortening a service life of the device. After half a year of operation, the apparatus has relatively many high temperature corrosion spots and is forced to shut down for maintenance.