Vehicle Having a Refrigerant Circuit

Abstract

A vehicle has a drive motor and a refrigerant circuit. The refrigerant circuit includes, when viewed in the direction of flow of the refrigerant, a compressor, a gas cooler or condenser, an expansion device and an evaporator. The refrigerant circuit has a first shut-off element which is arranged outside of an area arranged between the drive motor and the evaporator.

Claims

1. A vehicle having a drive motor, the vehicle comprising: a refrigerant circuit which, viewed in a refrigerant flow direction, comprises a compressor, a gas cooler or condenser, an expansion device and an evaporator, wherein the refrigerant circuit further comprises a first shutoff element arranged outside of an area located between the drive motor and the evaporator.

2. The vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the first shutoff element comprises a check valve, the check valve allowing refrigerant to flow through the check valve in the refrigerant flow direction and shutting off flow in an opposite direction.

3. The vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the refrigerant circuit further comprises a low pressure filling connector which, viewed in the refrigerant flow direction, is arranged downstream of the first shutoff element.

4. The vehicle according to claim 3, wherein: the refrigerant circuit further comprises an accumulator which, viewed in the refrigerant flow direction, is arranged downstream of the first shutoff element, and the accumulator, viewed in the refrigerant flow direction, is arranged downstream of the low pressure filling connector.

5. The vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the refrigerant circuit further comprises a second shutoff element which, when viewed in the refrigerant flow direction, is arranged upstream of the evaporator.

6. The vehicle according to claim 5, wherein the second shutoff element is arranged outside of the area located between the drive motor and the evaporator.

7. The vehicle according to claim 5, wherein: a projection of the drive motor in a longitudinal direction of the vehicle defines a potential crash area, and the first and the second shutoff elements are arranged outside of the defined potential crash area.

8. The vehicle according to claim 7, wherein: the potential crash area, viewed in a top view from above the vehicle, further comprises a left area which includes a defined angle with respect to the longitudinal direction of the vehicle, and the first and the second shutoff elements are arranged outside of the additional left area.

9. The vehicle according to claim 8, the potential crash area, viewed in a top view from above the vehicle, further comprises a right area which includes a defined angle with respect to the longitudinal direction of the vehicle, and the first and the second shutoff elements are arranged outside of the additional right area.

10. The vehicle according to claim 5, wherein the second shutoff element is formed by the expansion device, the expansion device being configured to be shut off.

11. The vehicle according to claim 5, wherein the second shutoff element is configured to be triggered electrically.

12. The vehicle according to claim 11, wherein the second shutoff element is open in a state when electrical energy is applied and closed in a state when no electrical energy is applied.

13. The vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the refrigerant circuit further comprises a high pressure filling connector which, viewed in the refrigerant flow direction, is arranged downstream of the gas cooler.

14. The vehicle according to claim 13, wherein a first section of the refrigerant circuit located between the high pressure filling connector and the expansion device is thermally coupled via an internal heat exchanger to a second section of the refrigerant circuit located between the accumulator and the compressor.

15. The vehicle according to claim 1, wherein: the vehicle is a front engine vehicle, the gas cooler or the condenser are arranged in a direction of travel of the vehicle in front of the drive motor in an engine compartment of the vehicle.

16. The vehicle according to claim 15, wherein: the evaporator is arranged in a passenger compartment of the vehicle, and the passenger compartment is located behind the drive motor and is separated from the engine compartment via a firewall.

17. The vehicle according to claim 16, wherein the firewall comprises a passage through which a flow line and a return line of the refrigerant circuit pass.

18. The vehicle according to claim 5, wherein the first and second shutoff elements are arranged in an area lateral to the drive motor.

19. The vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the refrigerant circuit is a CO.sub.2 refrigerant circuit.

20. The vehicle according to claim 1, wherein a pressure and/or temperature sensor is arranged between the compressor and the gas cooler or condenser.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a refrigerant circuit in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.

[0033] FIG. 2 schematically illustrates an exemplary arrangement of the most important components of a refrigerant circuit in accordance with the invention with respect to a forbidden area located between the drive motor and the evaporator.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] FIG. 1 shows a refrigerant circuit 1 of a vehicle air conditioning unit. When viewed in the refrigerant flow direction, the refrigerant circuit 1 has a refrigerant compressor (called compressor in the following) 2, a gas cooler or condenser 3, a high pressure filling connector 4, an internal heat exchanger 5, an expansion device 6 that is capable of being shut off, an evaporator 7, a shutoff element 8, a low pressure filling connector 9, and an accumulator and/or collector 10.

[0035] Instead of the expansion device 6, which is capable of being shut off, it is also possible to provide a combination of a shutoff valve and an expansion device (which is not capable of being shutoff).

[0036] The shutoff element 8 can be a check valve, for example, which allows refrigerant to pass through from the evaporator 7 in the direction of the low pressure filling connector 9, and which shuts off in reverse direction of flow.

[0037] Furthermore, a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor or a combined pressure-/temperature sensor (P/T) 11 may be provided. The sensor 11 can be arranged, for example, between the high pressure side of the compressor 2 and the gas cooler or condenser 3 to measure the pressure and/or the temperature of the refrigerant.

[0038] As shown in FIG. 1, a first section of the refrigerant circuit 1, which is located between the high pressure filling connector 4 and the expansion device 6, which is capable of being shut off, is thermally coupled via the internal heat exchanger 5 to a lateral section of the refrigerant circuit 1, which is located between the accumulator 10 and the compressor 2.

[0039] FIG. 2 describes an advantageous arrangement of the essential components of the refrigerant circuit shown in FIG. 1 in a vehicle. The vehicle (which is not shown here in detail) has a drive motor 12, which may be a combustion motor, for example. The drive motor 12 is arranged in an engine compartment 13 of the vehicle. The engine compartment 13 is structurally separated from a passenger compartment 14 of the vehicle by a so-called firewall 15.

[0040] As shown in FIG. 2, the evaporator 7 is arranged in the center area of the vehicle at the side of the front wall 15 that faces the passenger compartment 14. The evaporator 7 may be integrated into an air conditioning unit that is not shown here in detail. In a front-driven vehicle with a front engine, the air conditioning unit can be arranged above the transmission bell housing (not shown) that connects to the rear side of the drive motor.

[0041] As shown in FIG. 2, the first shutoff element (check valve) 8, the collector and/or accumulator 10, the internal heat exchanger 5, the compressor 2 and the second shutoff element, which is formed here by an expansion device 6 that is capable of being shut off, are arranged laterally next to the drive motor 12. A flow line 16 and a return line 17 of the refrigerant circuit run from the engine compartment 13 through a passage opening 18 provided in the firewall 15.

[0042] FIG. 2 shows a top view of the vehicle. A center area 20 located between a rear side 19 of the drive motor 12 and the evaporator 7 forms part of a so-called forbidden area. The center area 20 is defined by a projection of the drive motor 12 in an opposite direction to the direction of travel 21 of the vehicle.

[0043] The forbidden area furthermore includes an additional left area 22 and a right area 23. The left and right areas 22, 23 respectively include an angle p with a longitudinal direction of the vehicle, which is to say, the left and/or right area 22 and/or 23 protrude laterally from the longitudinal direction of the vehicle.

[0044] The angle p of the left and/or right area can be, for example, 45, 40, 35, 25, 20, 15 or 10.

[0045] The left area 22, the right area 23 and the center area 20 taken together define the already mentioned forbidden area. This area is called the forbidden area because in a severe crash of the vehicle, the drive motor 12 may be pushed into the area. Components located in that area therefore may be damaged in a severe crash of the vehicle.

[0046] As already mentioned, the two shutoff elements 6, 8 are of central importance as regards the escape of refrigerant into the passenger compartment 14. Accordingly, the shutoff elements 6, 8 are arranged outside of the forbidden or critical area that is formed by the areas 22, 23 and 20.

[0047] In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the shutoff elements 6, 8 are arranged laterally next to a rear area of the drive motor 12. In this area, the probability of the shutoff elements 6, 8 being damaged in a crash of the vehicle is very low. If the refrigerant circuit 1 is damaged in the crash of the vehicle, both shutoff elements 6, 8 will shut off and therefore limit the amount of refrigerant that can flow out of the refrigerant circuit in the direction of the passenger compartment 14. The check valve 8 in particular prevents refrigerant from the accumulator or collector 10 flowing back in the direction of the evaporator 7 or passenger compartment 14. The expansion device 6, which is capable of being shut off and closes in a crash, prevents refrigerant from flowing from the high pressure side of the compressor 2 and/or from the gas cooler 3 in the direction of the evaporator 7 and/or the passenger compartment 14.

[0048] The foregoing disclosure has been set forth merely to illustrate the invention and is not intended to be limiting. Since modifications of the disclosed embodiments incorporating the spirit and substance of the invention may occur to persons skilled in the art, the invention should be construed to include everything within the scope of the appended claims and equivalents thereof.