Methods For Inhibiting The Deposition Of Organic Contaminates In Pulp And Papermaking Systems

Abstract

The current method relates to compositions and methods for inhibiting the deposition of organic contaminants in pulp and papermaking systems. The current method also relates to controlling the deposition of organic contaminants on equipment in the pulp and papermaking systems, which can cause both quality and efficiency problems. In particular it relates to the use of non-sulfonated or slightly sulfonated lignin dispersions and solutions for inhibiting deposition of contaminants in pulp and paper making system.

Claims

1. A method of preventing and/or inhibiting the deposition of organic contaminants on surfaces in pulp and papermaking systems comprising: adding to the pulp and papermaking system a composition comprising one or more non-sulfonated or slightly sulfonated lignin and optionally one or more hydrophobically modified water-soluble polymers, cationically or anionically charged compounds or combinations thereof.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the slightly sulfonated lignin dispersions or solutions have a degree of sulfonation of less than 3.5 moles of sulfur per kilogram of lignin and can be from about 0.1 to about 2.0 moles of sulfur per kilogram of lignin.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the lignin dispersions comprise lignin particles having an average particle size of less than about 20 microns, and can be an average particle size of less than about 10 microns.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the optional one or more hydrophobically modified water-soluble polymer can be a hydrophobically modified polyethylene glycol, made by the reaction of polyethylene glycol with alkyl glycidyl ether.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the optional one or more hydrophobically modified water-soluble polymer is selected from the group consisting of hydrophobically modified hydroxyethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, guar, hydroxypropyl guar, carboxymethyl guar, xanthan gum, acrylamide copolymer, and combinations thereof.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the optional one or more hydrophobically modified water-soluble polymer is selected from the group consisting of hydrophobically modified water-soluble methyl cellulose, methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose, carboxymethyl methyl cellulose, and methyl hydroxybutyl methyl cellulose.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the optional one or more hydrophobically modified water-soluble polymer is polyvinyl alcohol of about 50% to about 99% hydrolysis, and may be from about 80% to about 90% hydrolysis.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the optional one or more hydrophobically modified water-soluble polymer is polyvinyl alcohol having a molecular weight of from about 1,000 to about 250,000 and can be from about 90,000 to about 150,000.

9. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the optional one or more water-soluble polymers can be anionic polymers selected from the group consisting of copolymer of DADMAC and acrylic acid salts, N-methyl-, polymer with (chloromethyl) oxirane, polyacrylates, diisobutylene-hydrolyzed maleic anhydride copolymers, ethyl vinyl ether/maleic anhydride copolymers, polyacrylamides, polymethylmethacrylate and combinations thereof.

10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the optional one or more water-soluble polymers can be a cationically charged compound is selected from the group consisting of cationic surfactants, cationic polymers, and polyvalent metal ions.

11. The method according claim 1, wherein the amount of composition added to the pulp and papermaking system can be from about 0.005% to about 5.0% based on dry weight pulp.

12. The method according to claim 12, wherein the amount of composition added to the pulp and papermaking system is from about 0.01% to about 1.0% based on dry weight pulp.

13. A method of preventing and/or inhibiting the deposition of contaminants on the surfaces of pulp and papermaking systems comprising spraying one or more non-sulfonated or slightly sulfonated lignins and optionally one or more hydrophobically modified water-soluble polymer and/or cationically or anionically charged compounds.

14. The method according to claim 13, wherein the slightly sulfonated lignin dispersions or solutions can have a degree of sulfonation of less than 3.5 moles of sulfur per kilogram of lignin and may be from about 0.1 to about 2.0 moles of sulfur per kilogram of lignin.

15. The method according to claim 13, wherein the lignin dispersions comprise lignin particles having an average particle size of less than about 20 microns, and can have an average particle size of less than about 10 microns.

16. The method according to claim 13, wherein the optional one or more hydrophobically modified water-soluble polymer can be polyvinyl alcohol of from about 50% to about 99% hydrolyzed.

17. The method according to claim 16, wherein the optional one or more hydrophobically modified water-soluble polymer can be polyvinyl alcohol of from about 80% to about 90% hydrolyzed.

18. The method according to claim 13, wherein the optional one or more cationically charged compounds is selected from the group consisting of cationic surfactants, cationic polymers, and polyvalent metal ions.

19. The method according to claim 13, wherein the composition is sprayed onto the surfaces of pulp and papermaking machinery and equipment in an amount ranging from about 0.005% to about 5.0% based on dry weight pulp.

20. The method according to claim 19, wherein the composition sprayed on the surfaces is from 0.01% to about 1.0% based on dry weight pulp.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0039] In one aspect of the current method, there is a dispersion or solution of one or more non-sulfonated lignin and optionally one or more hydrophobically modified water-soluble polymer that prevents and/or inhibits the deposition of stickies and pitch contaminants on surfaces in pulp and papermaking processes. The term non-sulfonated lignin refers to the lignin dispersion or lignin solutions some of which are described in US Pat. Appl. 2014/07119 and are herein incorporated in their entirety by reference.

[0040] In other aspects of the current method, the dispersion or solution comprises one or more slightly sulfonated lignin and optionally a hydrophobically modified water-soluble polymer that prevents and/or inhibits the deposition of stickies and pitch contaminants on surfaces in pulp and papermaking processes. Slightly sulfonated lignin is a lignin polymer that possesses desirable amount of sulfonic acid groups interacted with its aliphatic chain or aromatic nucleus site or both sites. The degree of sulfonation, expressed as moles of organically bound sulfur per kilogram of lignin, is a function of the amount of organically bound sulfur present in the product. Organically bound sulfur is calculated from the total sulfur content minus the sum of the amount of sulfur present in the starting lignin and the sulfur present in the free salts.

[0041] In some aspects of the above methods, the dispersion or solution comprises one or more slightly sulfonated lignin wherein the degree of sulfonation of the slightly sulfonated lignin of the dispersion or solution is less than 3.5 moles of sulfur per kilogram of lignin and can be from about 0.1 to 1.5 moles of sulfur per kilogram of lignin.

[0042] In other aspects, lignin solutions can be easily prepared by heating and mixing lignin in water at a pH of 9.5 or above. For non-sulfonated lignin, the lignin dispersion can be prepared at a pH higher than 8.0. The specific pH varies with the type and source of lignin.

[0043] In some aspects of the current method, the optional hydrophobically modified water-soluble polymers (HMWSP) can be prepared by chemically incorporating hydrophobe(s) onto a hydrophilic portion of the polymer. The following hydrophobically modified water-soluble polymers, i.e., HMWSP-1 and HMWSP-4 are typical examples.

[0044] HMWSP-1 consists of water-soluble nonionic hydrophobically modified hydroxyethyl cellulose, which contains C.sub.16 alkyl group and has a hydroxyethyl molar substitution of about 1.5 to about 4.0 (moles of hydroxyethyl per anhydroglucose unit in cellulose). The HMWSP-1 polymer has a viscosity in a 1% aqueous solution of about 300 centipoise (cps) to about 500 cps at ambient temperature. Where viscosity is used in this application, it was determined using a Brookfield Viscometer, Model No. DV-II+ using a #3 spindle at 30 rpm and 25 C.

[0045] Other polysaccharides that may be used in combination with HMWSP-1 are carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, guar, hydroxypropyl guar, carboxymethyl guar, xanthan gum, and acrylamide copolymers. The composition and preparation of HMWSP-1 is described by Kirkland in U.S. Pat. No. 4,892,589, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0046] HMWSP-2 is a hydrophobically modified water-soluble methyl cellulose with a molecular weight of about 86,000. As disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,074,961, water-soluble cellulose ether can be selected from methyl cellulose, methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose, carboxymethyl methyl cellulose, and methyl hydroxybutyl methyl cellulose. This patent is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0047] HMWSP-3 is a polyvinyl alcohol having from about 50% to about 99% hydrolysis and can have from about 80% to about 90% hydrolysis. HMWSP-3 has a molecular weight of from about 90,000 to about 150,000. U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,744,865 and 4,871,424 describe the composition and application of HMWSP-3 and is herein incorporated in their entirety. Other compounds that may be used in combination with HMWSP-3 include gelatins and/or anionic or cationic polymers (see U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,536,363; 5,723,021; and 5,952,394).

[0048] HMWSP-4 is a hydrophobically modified polyethylene glycol, made by the reaction of polyethylene glycol with alkyl glycidyl ether, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 8,388,806 B2, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0049] Hydrophobically modified polymers are typically used as thickeners, commonly known as hydrophobically modified alkali-swellable emulsions (RASE), and hydrophobically modified ethylene oxide-urethane block copolymers (HURE) and hydrophobically modified polyethers (HMPE) under Aquaflow trade name.

[0050] In some aspects of the current method, the hydrophobically modified water-soluble polymers may also have synergistic effect when combining with lignin dispersion or lignin solution described above. These polymers can include whey protein, wheat protein, soy protein, ovalbumin, serum, lactoglobulin, casein, albumin, globulin, gelatin, collagen, polyoxyalkylene block copolymers, poly(aminoamides) modified with alkyl glycidyl ether, alkylketene dimer, alkylsuccinyl anhydride, or 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl-N,N,N-dimethylalkyl ammonium chloride, polydimethyl siloxane, diisobutylene maleic anhydride copolymer, polyvinylpyrrolidone, alkylated polyvinylpyrrolidone, vinylpyrrolidone dimethyl aminoethyl methacrylate copolymer, vinyl caprolactan vinylpyrrolidone dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate terpolymer, silicone polyethers, ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block copolymer, polyvinyl acetate, oxirane [[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]methyl] derivatives with polyethylene glycol, polyethyleneterephthalate-polyethyleneglycol copolymer, polyurethane, methyl vinyl ether/maleic anhydride copolymer, polyacrylamides, -cyclodextrin, polymethylmethacrylate, copolymer of DADMAC and acrylic acid salts, N-methyl-, polymer with (chloromethyl) oxirane, polyacrylates, diisobutylene-hydrolyzed maleic anhydride copolymers, ethyl vinyl ether/maleic anhydride copolymers, polyacrylamides, and polymethylmethacrylate, and combinations thereof.

[0051] In yet other aspects of the current method, when lignin dispersions (or lignin solutions) are combined with enzymes, such as lipases, esterases, cellulases, amylases, xylanases, pectinases, catalases, proteases, laccases, hemicellulases, carboxymethylcellulases, endoglucanases, etc., there may be exhibited multifunctional properties for pulp and papermaking applications.

[0052] In other aspects of the current method, the lignin dispersions (or lignin solutions) may be incorporated into an aqueous cleansing emulsion for removal and prevention of organic deposits. The aqueous cleansing emulsion includes a cleansing emulsion and a water-soluble and/or water-dispersible lignin. The term cleansing emulsion refers to the emulsion comprising of (a) at least one hydrophobic component, such as aliphatic C.sub.6-C.sub.40 hydrocarbons; aliphatic C.sub.10-C.sub.15 terpene hydrocarbons; aliphatic C.sub.10-C.sub.15 terpenoids; aromatic C.sub.10-C.sub.15 terpenoids; C.sub.6-C.sub.30 carboxylic acid C.sub.1-C.sub.30 alkyl esters, including vegetable oils, such as soybean oil, coconut oil, canola oil and or derivatives thereof, for example methyl esters. The hydrophobic component can also comprise essential oils, such as neem oil, thyme oil, eucalyptus oil, -pinen, etc. The hydrophobic component can also include 1-methyl-4-isopropenyl-1-cyclohexene; acetyltriethyl citrate; tri-n-alkyl citrate; acetyltri-n-alkyl citrate; n-butyryltri-n-alkyl citrate; propylene glycol ethers; ethylene glycol ethers; propylene glycol ether acetates; ethylene glycol ether acetates; and carboxylic ester, such as butyl acetate, 2-ethylhexyl acetate, etc.; linear C18 alpha olefin (1-octadecene); dimethyl adipate; dimethyl succinate; dimethyl glutarate; fatty acid methyl ester; 2-(4-methyl-cyclo-3-hexenyl)-2-propanol; ethyl hydroxy propionate (or ethyl lactate); and alkyl lactate, such as methyl lactate, ethyl lactate, isopropyl lactate, butyl lactate, etc.; dibutyl adipate; dialkyl ketone; dimethyl sulfoxide; N,N-dimethyl formamide and combinations thereof; and (b) at least one emulsifier having an HLB value of from about 2 to about 16.

[0053] In yet other aspects of the current method, the lignin solution or lignin dispersion are anionic biopolymers. It is expected that soluble lignin or lignin particles have interactions with cationic compounds, such as cationic surfactants, cationic polymers, and polyvalent metal ions (e.g., Ca.sup.+2, Mg.sup.+2, Al.sup.+3, Fe.sup.+3, etc.) to form detackifying complexes. U.S. Pat. No. 5,292,403 teaches a method of inhibiting the deposition of organic contaminants in a pulp and papermaking system by adding to the system an effective amount of a detackifying composition comprising an anionic polymer and cationic surfactant. The anionic polymer can be selected from the group consisting of carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxymethylated starch, xanthan gum, guar gum, and polyacrylic acid and combinations thereof. The cationic surfactant can be selected from alkyltrimethyl amine, alkyl imidazoline, dialkyl dimethyl quaternary, imidazoline quaternary, diamidoamine quaternary, alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, fatty amine carboxylate, alkyldimethyl betaine, imidazoline derived propionate and acetate, phosphorylated imidazoline, and combinations thereof.

[0054] In some aspects, the cationic polymers, cationic surfactants, or polyvalent metal ions can be physically or chemically bonded to the non-sulfonated or slightly sulfonated lignin or the lignin particles.

[0055] In some aspects, the composition comprises two or more slightly sulfonated lignins wherein the slightly sulfonated lignin dispersions or solutions have a degree of sulfonation of less than 3.5 moles of sulfur per kilogram of lignin and can be from about 0.1 to about 2.0 moles of sulfur per kilogram of lignin.

[0056] In other aspects, the current composition can be added to the pulp. The composition can be fed undiluted or in various ratios with water. This type of treatment can inhibit and/or prevent the deposition of contaminants from resinous pulps and recycled pulps on machinery in the pulp/stock preparation process.

[0057] In other aspects of the current method, the non-sulfonated lignin or slightly sulfonated lignin compositions disclosed above can be added to the pulp and papermaking system in amounts of from about 0.005% to about 5.0% based on dry weight of pulp, and can be 0.01% to about 1.0% based on dry weight of pulp.

[0058] In yet other aspects, for preventing and/or inhibiting the deposition of contaminants from pulp on the surfaces of papermaking machinery, the current composition can be sprayed onto the surfaces, either undiluted or diluted with water at desirable ratios and can be a ratio of about 1:100 to about 1:1 of product to water.

[0059] In other aspects, for system cleaning, the current composition can be added to the circuit water. To prevent and/or inhibit organic deposition, the composition can be used with a boil-out cleaner. In practice, the composition can be diluted with white water or shower water. In treating white water systems, the composition can be added to the system to prevent and/or inhibit the deposition of organic contaminants on paper machine parts.

[0060] In other aspects, in the case of forming wire and felt passivation, the current composition can be diluted with spraying/shower water and sprayed directly onto the fabric surfaces. The treatment with the composition forms a protective layer on the wire and felt surfaces that prevents and inhibits the deposition of organic contaminants. For press roll passivation, the composition can be applied to the roll surface to avoid too much release strength from the central press roll.

[0061] The following examples are provided to illustrate the production and activity of representative of the present teachings and to illustrate their efficacy in the inhibition and prevention of deposit formation. One skilled in the art will appreciate that although specific compounds and conditions are outlined in the following examples, these compounds and conditions are not a limitation on the present teachings.

EXAMPLES

Example 1

Preparation of Lignin Dispersions

[0062] A lignin dispersion according to the current method was made using 60.23 parts BioChoice (Domtar Inc., Montreal, QC) kraft lignin of about 27% moisture, mixed with 2.98 parts potassium carbonate in 99.88 parts water. The mixture was heated to reflux, while stirring, until a homogenous liquid dispersion was obtained. While heating to reflux, it was observed that the mixture turned from a grayish suspension to a viscous black liquid at around 80 C. indicating the initial formation of a lignin dispersion. After cooling to about 70 C., the dispersion was diluted with cold water. The dispersion was clear, free from particular material, having a pH of 8.3. The lignin particles were present in the dispersion at a concentration of about 25 wt %, as measured on a moisture balance at 100 C. until a constant weight was reached. The particle size of the lignin dispersions were determined to be in the range of about 40 nanometer (nm) to about 100 nm. Various lignin dispersions with different particle size distributions can be made by using different lignin sources and/or processing conditions. Additional details are described in US Pat. Appl. 2014/07119.

Example 2

Standard Tape Detackification Test

[0063] In order to establish the efficacy of the inventive composition as deposition control agents on polyester surface and specifically for adhesive contaminants of the sort found in recycled fiber, a lab test was developed utilizing adhesive-backed tapes as stickies coupons. The stickies coupon can be fabricated from any type of adhesive tape that will not disintegrate when placed in water. For this study, tapes made from a styrene polymer, polyisoprene, and vinyl esters were used. A second coupon was fabricated from polyester film such as Mylar, a product made by Ridout Plastics. This material was chosen because paper machine forming wires are frequently made of polyester which is susceptible to considerable deposition problems caused by stickies and/or pitch.

[0064] This test involved immersing a 24 adhesive tape and a 24 polyester Mylar coupon into a 600 gram solution being tested. The solution contained in a 600 mL beaker is placed in a water bath with agitation heated to the desired temperature. After 30 minutes of immersion, the tape and Mylar coupon were removed from the solution and pressed under a standard pressure. A tensile test instrument is then used to measure the force required to pull the two apart. A reduction in the force required indicates that the stickies has been detackified. The % detackification is calculated by the following equation:

% detackification={[(untreated force)(treated force)]/(untreated force)}100

[0065] Lignin solution samples prepared under different conditions and lignin types used in the studies are summarized in Table 1. The lignin raw materials are not sulfonated lignin derivatives, and not totally soluble in water at pH<9. As defined above, all lignin solution samples, tested at 0.01 wt % concentration, have particle concentrations less than 85 kcps. Since lignin is in soluble form, no particles are formed in water. Therefore, very few particle size can be detected. Samples LS-2 and LS-8 show some particle sizes because of impurities or dust particles present in these samples. The characteristics of extremely low particle concentrations indicate that they are lignin solutions.

[0066] Table 2, lists lignin dispersion samples made under different manufacturing process conditions with various lignin resources. All of these lignin dispersion samples, tested at 0.01 wt % concentration, have mean particle sizes and concentrations greater than 40 nanometer (nm) and 85 kilo counts per second (kcps) respectively. It is clear that the lignin dispersion consists of lignin particles with a size range of from about 30 nm to about 20 microns, and can be in the range of about 50 nm to about 10 microns.

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Lignin solution samples made from various lignin resources Lignin % Detack- % Detack- Solution Particle Particle Lignin ification ification Sample Solids Size Concentration Raw @ 2 @ 5 # (%) (nm) (kcps) pH Material ppm ppm DeTac 15 7.0 73.5 86.4 DC779F (benchmark) LS-1 3.0 0 16 11.3 Domtar 53.0 62.3 BioChoice Lot 10 LS-2 3.0 272 11 9.9 Domtar 55.0 58.1 BioChoice Lot 10 LS-3 6.3 0 2.1 12.0 Lignin from 51.4 67.2 FP Innovations (Mill A-AR) LS-4 5.4 0 1.7 12.0 Lignin from 48.0 59.0 FP Innovations (AF mill A) LS-5 6.6 0 1.8 12.0 Lignin from 29.8 65.5 FP Innovations (AF mill B) LS-6 6.7 0 2.2 12.0 Domtar 32.0 54.4 BioChoice Lot 28 LS-7 6.2 0 1.8 12.0 Domtar 26.6 39.1 BioChoice Lot 111 LS-8 6.9 373 3.9 12.0 Low soft pt. 31.4 55.2 lignin from wheat straw (Ptotobind 2400) LS-9 5.7 0 1.8 12.0 Domtar 44.8 55.7 BioChoice Lot 45 LS-10 6.6 744 18 12.0 Low soft pt. 49.3 67.5 lignin from wheat straw (Ptotobind 1000)

TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Lignin dispersion samples made from various lignin raw materials and processes Lignin Mean Particle Lignin Dispersion Particle Conc. Raw sample # Base Solids Size (nm) (kcps) pH Remarks Material LD #1 Na.sub.2CO.sub.3 22.3% 100 256 8.1 Sodium Domtar lot 111 LD #2 Na.sub.2CO.sub.3 22.5% 116 226 8.1 carbonate Domtar lot 111 LD #3 Na.sub.2CO.sub.3 22.1% 2600 336 7.8 base of choice Domtar lot 111 LD #4 NH.sub.4OH 22.3% 179 355 9.4 Different base. Domtar lot 10 High base add'n. High pH LD #5 N(EtOH).sub.3 18.0% 310 304 8.6 Different base. Domtar lot 10 High base add'n. LD #6 K.sub.2CO.sub.3 25.5% 199 433 7.4 Different levels Domtar lot 10 LD #7 K.sub.2CO.sub.3 25.0% 199 487 8.5 of base to get Domtar lot 10 same PS. Lg vs. sm scale prep. LD #8 K.sub.2CO.sub.3 17.1% 9000 288 7.4 High Soft pt Protobind 1000 LD #9 K.sub.2CO.sub.3 22.3% 4700 320 8.8 lignin from Wheat Straw wheat straw. Large PS LD #10 K.sub.2CO.sub.3 22.3% 8900 383 7.0 Low Soft pt Protobind 2400 LD #11 K.sub.2CO.sub.3 22.1% 270 441 7.3 lignin from Wheat Straw wheat straw. Large PS LD #12 K.sub.2CO.sub.3 23.3% 2400 352 8.0 Lignin from FP Innovations LignoForce process from FP Innovations LD #13 K.sub.2CO.sub.3 23.1% 181 391 7.7 Different lot of Domtar Lot LD #14 K.sub.2CO.sub.3 23.1% 98 344 8.4 BioChoice 111 lignin LD #15 K.sub.2CO.sub.3 18.0% 575 445 8.7 Kraft lignin MeadWestvaco precursor used to Indulin AT make SLS LD #16 K.sub.2CO.sub.3 21.2% 171 267 8.8 Adjusted the pH Domtar Lot to @ 6.9 at 55 C. 111 Held for 5 min, then heated to 93 C./held for 5 min, followed by adding ambient DI water for the final dilution. Mixed w/2 impellers. LD #17 K.sub.2CO.sub.3 22.3% 184 432 7.7 Adjusted the pH Domtar Lot to @ 7.1 at 55 C. 111 Held for 5 min, then heated to 93 C./held for 5 min, followed by adding ambient DI water for the final dilution. Mixed w/2 impellers. LD #18 K.sub.2CO.sub.3 22.3% 160 329 7.9 Adjusted the pH Domtar Lot to @ 7.1 at 55 C., 111 held for 30 min,, then heated to 93 C./held for 5 min, followed by adding ambient DI water for the final dilution. Mixed w/2 impellers. LD #19 K.sub.2CO.sub.3 22.3% 150 319 8.0 Adjusted the pH Domtar Lot to @ 7.2 at 55 C., 111 then heated to 93 C./held for 5 min, followed by adding ambient DI water for the final dilution. Mixed w/2 impellers. LD #20 K.sub.2CO.sub.3 22.1% 130 358 8.1 Adjusted the pH Domtar Lot to @ 7.52 at 55 C., 111 held for 5 min, then heated to 93 C./held for 5 min, followed by adding ambient DI water for the final dilution. Mixed w/2 impellers. LD #21 K.sub.2CO.sub.3 22.1% 187 364 73 Verify that Domtar Lot sodium carbonate 111 NL not method of choice. 1-L scale NL from sodium carbonate. LD #22 K.sub.2CO.sub.3 22.3% 86 180 8.2 LD #23 K.sub.2CO.sub.3 21.5 104 173 7.8 LD #24 K.sub.2CO.sub.3 19.9 105 311 7.1 LD #25 K.sub.2CO.sub.3 23.2 119 478 7.3 LD #26 K.sub.2CO.sub.3 22.3 141 397 7.9 LD #27 K.sub.2CO.sub.3 21.9 164 342 7.8 LD #28 K.sub.2CO.sub.3 22.9 229 470 7.5 LD #29 K.sub.2CO.sub.3 19.7 375 412 8.5 LD #30 K.sub.2CO.sub.3 20.2 400 343 7.8

[0067] The force reductions (i.e., % detackification) for the treated samples with lignin solutions and dispersions are summarized in Tables 3 and 4. Comparing with lignosulfonate (LignosolXD), lignin dispersions and solutions are better detackifiers. Generally speaking, lignin dispersion performed better than lignin solution.

TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Effect of lignin solutions on detackification of adhesive tape % Detackification Lignin Solution Sample # @ 2 ppm % Detackification @ 5 ppm DeTac DC779F 73.5 86.4 (benchmark) Sodium lignosulfonate 23.5 25.2 (Lignosol XD) LS-1 53.0 72.3 LS-2 55.0 58.1 LS-3 51.4 67.2 LS-4 48.0 59.0 LS-5 29.8 65.5 LS-6 32.0 54.4 LS-7 26.6 39.1 LS-8 31.4 55.2 LS-9 44.8 55.7 LS-10 49.3 67.5

TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Effect of lignin dispersions on detackification of adhesive tape % Detackification % Detackification Lignin Dispersion Sample # @ 2 ppm @ 5 ppm DeTac DC779F (benchmark) 73.5 86.4 Sodium lignosulfonate 23.5 25.2 (Lignosol XD) LD #1 47.0 54.0 LD #2 49.4 57.3 LD #3 59.4 63.8 LD #4 50.9 66.2 LD #5 64.7 73.6 LD #6 49.5 62.5 LD #7 46.4 56.6 LD #8 62.1 75.8 LD #9 54.1 75.3 LD #10 63.6 73.7 LD #11 66.8 70.1 LD #12 67.1 74.9 LD #13 52.7 74.8 LD #14 66.2 81.5 LD #15 51.9 61.5 LD #16 63.7 74.3 LD #17 55.6 75.3 LD #18 73.3 92.6 LD #19 53.1 64.4 LD #20 69.1 80.5 LD #21 57.3 65.4

[0068] Surprisingly, a combination of the lignin solution and DeTac DC779F, shows a synergistic effect, as summarized in Table 5. Similar phenomena were observed for combining lignin dispersion and DeTac DC779F, as shown in Table 6. It is clear that a superior performance can be obtained by combining lignin solution (or lignin dispersion) with DeTac DC779F.

TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Effect of lignin solution/DeTac DC779F blends on detackification of adhesive tape % Detackification % Detackification % Detackification % Detackification @ 2 ppm @ 2 ppm @ 2 ppm @ 2 ppm Sample # (no blend) (2:1 blend)* (3:1 blend)* (4:1 blend)* DeTac 73.5 DC779F LS-1 53.0 92.4 90.0 89.3 LS-2 55.0 94.6 87.3 85.4 % Detackification % Detackification % Detackification % Detackification @ 10 ppm @ 10 ppm @ 10 ppm @ 10 ppm (no blend) (2:1 blend)* (3:1 blend)* (4:1 blend)* DeTac 90.2 DC779F LS-1 72.3 97.1 100 96.8 LS-2 58.1 97.6 95.9 97.3 *Note: 2:1 blend means 2 parts LS-1 (or LS-2) and 1 part DC779F; same definition for 3:1 and 4:1

TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 Effect of lignin dispersion/DeTac DC779F blends on detackification of adhesive tape % % % Detackification Detackification % Detackification Detackification @ 2 ppm @ 2 ppm @ 2 ppm @ 2 ppm Sample # (No blend) (2:1 blend)* (3:1 blend)* (4:1 blend)* DeTac 73.5 DC779F LD #22 71.9 95.6 93.2 85.6 LD #23 54.5 91.4 91.5 88.8 LD #24 72.9 96.1 95.4 93.4 LD #25 71.1 95.1 93.7 92.9 LD #26 70.4 96.1 95.1 93.9 LD #27 66.8 95.3 94.6 83.9 LD #28 71.9 95.1 94.6 93.9 LD #29 62.8 93.6 92.7 90.7 LD #30 55.8 93.1 92.4 83.4 % % % Detackification Detackification % Detackification Detackification @ 10 ppm @ 10 ppm @ 10 ppm @ 10 ppm (no blend) (2:1 blend)* (3:1 blend)* (4:1 blend)* DeTac DC779F 90.2 LD #22 79.1 97.1 96.8 94.9 LD #23 75.1 95.6 97.3 96.1 LD #24 79.8 100 100 98.5 LD #25 79.1 98.3 98.0 97.3 LD #26 77.6 98.8 100 98.5 LD #27 75.3 97.1 97.1 95.4 LD #28 78.1 100 100 99.0 LD #29 71.3 98.8 100 99.5 LD #30 73.8 95.9 95.9 95.1

[0069] A number of hydrophobically modified water-soluble polymers (HMWSP) have been selected to blend with lignin dispersion to evaluate their effects on adhesive tape detackification. As shown in Table 7, synergistic effect was observed between lignin dispersion and HMWSP-1, HMWSP-2, and HMWSP-3.

TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 7 Effect of lignin dispersion/detackifier blends on detackification of adhesive tape Ratio of HMWSP:LD % Detackification (treatment conc. is 2 ppm) #24 HMWSP-1 HMWSP-2 HMWSP-3 1:0 71 68.2 48.9 4:1 100 98 74.3 3:1 100 96.6 73.9 2:1 85.3 86.6 67.1 1:1 87.4 78.5 68.1 1:2 93.7 92.2 74.7 1:3 100 100 63.5 1:4 100 100 62.8 0:1 71.7 70.4 70.2

[0070] A series of sulfonated lignin samples with varying degrees of sulfonation were evaluated and compared with sodium lignosulfonate (Lignosol XD). Table 8 lists slightly sulfonated lignin samples with their physical properties.

TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 8 Slightly sulfonated lignin samples and their physical properties Degree of Weight Average Sample Sulfonation Site of Sulfonic Molecular Na.sub.2SO.sub.3 salt # (Moles/kg) Acid Group Weight content (%) SSL-1 3.4 Aliphatic chain 3700 3.0 SSL-2 3.3 Aliphatic chain 2900 16.0 SSL-3 2.0 Aliphatic chain 2900 9.5 SSL-4 1.2 Aliphatic chain 2400 5.0 SSL-5 1.2 Aliphatic chain 4700 4.8 SSL-6 0.7 Aliphatic chain 4300 3.5 SSL-7 0 2700 0 SSL-8 1.8 Aromatic 9000 2.3 nucleus SSL-9 1.3 Aromatic 11000 2.0 nucleus SSL-10 0.8 Aromatic 10000 0.8 nucleus SSL-11 0.8 Aromatic 23000 0.8 nucleus SSL-12 0.27 Aromatic nucleus SSL-13 3.4 Hybrid 2000 1.0 SSL-14 2.9 Hybrid 3100 3.0 SSL-15 2.5 Hybrid 6300 0.1

[0071] The degree of sulfonation is a function of the amount of organically bound sulfur present in the product. Organically bound sulfur is calculated from the total sulfur content minus the sum of the amount of sulfur present in the starting lignin and the sulfur present in the free salts. For Lignosol XD, the degree of sulfonation is about 4.2 moles sulfur/kg lignin.

[0072] As seen in Table 9, the degree of sulfonation has a significant impact on sulfonated lignin performance in detackification. When the sulfonated group is on the aliphatic chain, optimal performance is reached at 0.7 degree of sulfonation, and decreases significantly when the degree of sulfonation is greater than 1.2. For the sulfonated group on the aromatic nucleus, product performance increases until the degree of sulfonation reaches about 0.27 and then decreases gradually after reaching a degree of sulfonation of about 1.3. The performance of SSL-6 and SSL-12 are equivalent to or slightly better than benchmark DeTac DC779F and much better than Lignosol XD (see Table 3).

TABLE-US-00009 TABLE 9 Effect of slightly sulfonated lignin on detackification of adhesive tape Degree % Detackification SSL Sample # of Sulfonation @ 2 ppm Sulfonation site: aliphatic chain SSL-7 0 23.0 SSL-6 0.7 78.2 SSL-4 1.2 59.9 SSL-3 2.0 45.1 SSL-1 3.4 25.3 Lignosol XD 4.2 23.5 Sulfonation site: aromatic nucleus SSL-7 0 23.0 SSL-12 0.27 70.3 SSL-10 0.8 60.8 SSL-9 1.3 54.2 SSL-8 1.8 56.6 Sulfonation site: Hybrid SSL-7 0 23.0 SSL-15 2.5 56.1 SSL-14 2.9 52.4 SSL-13 3.4 48.4

[0073] Surprisingly, synergistic effect can be obtained by blending lignins having aromatic-sulfonation with varying degrees of sulfonation, as summarized in Table 10. For instance, SSL-12 blended with either SSL-8 or SSL-9 shows synergistic effect.

TABLE-US-00010 TABLE 10 Synergistic effect of blending lignins with differing degrees of sulfonation Slightly Sulfonated Lignin % Detackification @ 2 ppm Ratio of SSL-6:Slightly Sulfonated Lignin (aliphatic sulfonation) 1:0 1:1 3:1 1:3 0:1 SSL-4 78.2 73.3 70.8 55.1 59.9 SSL-3 78.2 60.6 63.3 59.4 45.1 SSL-2 78.2 65.6 47.4 55.1 58.9 Ratio of SSL-12:Slightly Sulfonated Lignin (aromatic sulfonation) 1:0 1:1 3:1 1:3 0:1 SSL-8 70.3 81.8 80.8 75.3 56.6 SSL-9 70.3 74.1 75.1 72.3 54.2 SSL-10 70.3 70.1 75.1 70.6 60.8 Ratio of SSL-6:Slightly Sulfonated Lignin (aromatic sulfonation) 1:0 1:1 3:1 1:3 0:1 SSL-8 78.2 68.6 73.3 55.4 56.6 SSL-9 78.2 59.1 73.6 61.9 54.2 SSL-10 78.2 63.8 70.1 70.3 60.8

Example 3

Standard Wire Passivation Test

[0074] A standard wire passivation test was done using a Mylar coupon to represent paper machine wire, and an adhesive tape to represent resinous and tacky substances in papermaking systems. Mylar was chosen because its surface energy and surface properties are known to be similar to that of nylon, which is a common component of papermaking forming wire and felts. Mylar is also related in behavior to other surfaces like polyethylene and rubber used for Uhle box covers and rolls.

[0075] In this test, a Mylar coupon was submerged into deionized water or an artificial white water (AWW) containing approximately 300 parts per million (ppm) to about 400 ppm of abietic acid, 50 ppm to 100 ppm of oleic acid, and 400 ppm to 600 ppm of lignin sulfonate. In the water, a given concentration of the testing materials was added and continued to mix for 5 minutes. After treatment, the Mylar coupon was removed from the water and attached to the adhesive tape. Then a peel force tester was employed to measure the peel force that was required to separate the tape from the Mylar coupon. The peel force thus measured was correlated to the tendency of resinous and tacky substances to deposit on paper forming wire on a papermaking machine. This test method is considered to be a simulation of wire passivation since only polyester coupons were treated. The lower the peel force the lower the tendency that resinous and tacky substances will deposit on paper forming wire and vice versa.

[0076] The force reductions for the treated Mylar coupons with lignin dispersions are summarized in Table 11. Comparing to lignosulfonate (Lignosol XD), lignin dispersions are better wire passivation agents. All tested lignin dispersion products show comparable performance as benchmark DeTac DC779F (HMWSP-4). A combination of lignin dispersion and DeTac DC779F (see Table 12) provides either synergistic effect (for example, LD#8 and DeTac DC779F blend) or equivalent performance as DeTac DC779F alone.

TABLE-US-00011 TABLE 11 Effect of lignin dispersions on wire passivation % Force Reduction % Force Reduction Lignin Dispersion Sample # @ 2 ppm @ 5 ppm DeTac DC779F (benchmark) 44.0 58.5 Sodium lignosulfonate 25.3 45.8 (Lignosol XD) LD #1 48.2 68.3 LD #2 51.1 67.0 LD #3 52.9 70.4 LD #4 50.2 66.8 LD #5 57.7 75.7 LD #6 48.6 53.9 LD #7 43.4 56.2 LD #8 59.3 56.9 LD #9 53.2 66.0 LD #10 56.2 69.4 LD #11 61.0 69.9 LD #12 57.9 71.8 LD #13 47.4 55.9 LD #14 55.6 71.7 LD #15 54.4 58.8 LD #16 61.7 84.5 LD #17 58.5 69.5 LD #18 68.1 88.6 LD #19 54.2 73.4 LD #20 62.6 87.9 LD #21 60.8 76.3

TABLE-US-00012 TABLE 12 Effect of DeTac DC779F/lignin dispersion blends on wire passivation % Force Reduction Ratio of DC779F:Lignin Dispersion Treatment conc. = (treatment conc. = 2 ppm) 2 ppm 1:1 1:2 1:3 DeTac DC779F 72.6 LD #10 64.4 75.1 72.4 67.1 LD #12 67.8 76.1 72.0 69.0 LD #14 66.8 76.1 72.9 71.7 LD #5 65.4 78.5 76.1 66.3 LD #8 62.9 87.3 83.9 83.4 Treatment conc. = Ratio of 5 ppm DC779F:Lignin Dispersion Lignin Dispersion (treatment conc. = 5 ppm) Alone 1:1 1:2 1:3 DeTac DC779F 86.3 LD #10 73.7 83.2 80.7 78.1 LD #12 74.9 79.3 78.1 75.4 LD #14 81.5 83.7 82.9 82.0 LD #5 73.4 72.7 72.9 73.2 LD #8 75.6 78.8 76.3 76.1

[0077] Surprisingly, synergistic effect can be obtained by blending lignins having aromatic-sulfonation with differing degrees of sulfonation, as summarized in Table 13. For instance, SSL-12 blended with SSL-8, SSL-9, or SSL-10 shows synergistic effect.

TABLE-US-00013 TABLE 13 Synergistic effect of blending lignins with differing degrees of sulfonation Slightly Sulfonated Lignin % Force Reduction @ 2 ppm Ratio of SSL-6:Slightly Sulfonated Lignin (aliphatic sulfonation) 1:0 1:1 3:1 1:3 0:1 SSL-4 63.4 72.4 69.2 55.3 34.0 SSL-3 63.4 59.9 56.7 44.0 4.8 SSL-2 63.4 64.1 54.5 52.8 23.3 Ratio of SSL-12:Slightly Sulfonated Lignin (aromatic sulfonation) 1:0 1:1 3:1 1:3 0:1 SSL-8 46.2 74.9 74.2 70.7 54.5 SSL-9 46.2 60.8 63.6 67.4 44.4 SSL-10 46.2 66.0 71.6 71.8 56.8 Ratio of SSL-6:Slightly Sulfonated Lignin (aromatic sulfonation) 1:0 1:1 3:1 1:3 0:1 SSL-8 63.4 60.6 68.5 52.8 54.5 SSL-9 63.4 53.1 67.6 54.5 44.4 SSL-10 63.4 55.9 58.5 66.7 56.8

Example 4

Contaminant Image Analysis (CIA) Test

[0078] A novel monitoring device, which employs an image analysis technique to quantitatively measure the amount of stickies deposited onto a hydrophobic surface, was developed to evaluate the effectiveness of inventive compositions on preventing and/or inhibiting the deposition of organic contaminants from pulp on the surfaces of papermaking machinery. The test method disclosed in the U.S. Pat. No. 8,160,305 B2, hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety, was used to demonstrate product performance.

[0079] Deposition testing was performed under a given condition, and then the hydrophobic surface was removed, rinsed with deionized water, and allowed to air dry. The image of deposited contaminant particles was analyzed for % AOI (area of interest covered by stickies) by an optical scanner and computer software. Test results indicate the tendency of stickies to deposit on paper machine surfaces. A lower % AOI reading means better stickies control in the papermaking process. As shown in Table 14, all tested lignin solutions effectively reduced stickies deposition compared to the lignosulfonate. Their performances were slightly better than or equivalent to the benchmark DeTac DC779F. Lignin dispersion products essentially showed the same trend (Table 15) as lignin solutions (Table 14).

TABLE-US-00014 TABLE 14 Effect of lignin solutions on stickies deposition % AOI Reduction % AOI Reduction Lignin Dispersion Sample # @ 2 ppm @ 5 ppm DeTac DC779F (benchmark) 54.2 87.2 Sodium lignosulfonate (Lignosol 30.8 42.6 XD) LS #3 84.5 LS #5 91.7 LS #6 95.2 LS #7 80.8 81.3 LS #10 56.2 91.6

TABLE-US-00015 TABLE 15 Effect of lignin dispersions on stickies deposition % AOI Reduction % AOI Lignin Dispersion Sample # @ 2 ppm Reduction @ 5 ppm DeTac DC779F (benchmark) 54.2 87.2 Sodium lignosulfonate 30.8 42.6 (Lignosol XD) LD #1 82.1 LD #2 61.8 LD #3 72.2 LD #4 92.5 LD #5 58.7 92.8 LD #6 65.0 LD #7 83.4 77.2 LD #8 38.3 74.5 LD #9 86.6 LD #12 45.7 88.9 LD #13 69.0 LD #14 70.5 93.8 LD #15 90.4 LD #16 71.3 LD #17 75.3 LD #18 90.5 LD #19 90.3 LD #20 84.6 LD #21 65.7 LD #26 74.8 LD #27 83.4 LD #29 79.6

[0080] While this invention has been described with respect to particular embodiments thereof, it is apparent that numerous other forms and modifications of this invention will be obvious to those skilled in the art. The appended claims and this invention generally should be construed to cover all such obvious foams and modifications which are within the true spirit and scope of the present invention.