Thick pointed superhard material

Abstract

In one aspect of the invention, a high impact resistant tool includes a superhard material bonded to a cemented metal carbide substrate at a non-planar interface. The superhard material has a substantially pointed geometry with a sharp apex having a radius of curvature of 0.050 to 0.125 inches. The superhard material also has a thickness of 0.100 to 0.500 inches thickness from the apex to a central region of the cemented metal carbide substrate.

Claims

1. A high impact resistant tool, comprising a cutting end extending a height from a grip region and a sintered polycrystalline diamond material bonded to a cemented metal carbide substrate at an interface, said diamond material at least partially forming the cutting end, the cutting end comprising: a side surface extending from an outer diameter of the grip region to an apex having a central axis, said central axis passing through said cemented metal carbide substrate, said apex having a radius of curvature from about 0.050 to about 0.160 inches measured in a vertical orientation from said central axis, the diamond material forming the side surface and the apex, and the thickness of the diamond material along the central axis from the interface to the apex being greater than the radius of curvature.

2. The tool of claim 1, wherein at least a portion of the side surface forms about a 35 to 55 degree angle with the central axis.

3. The tool of claim 2, wherein the angle is substantially 45 degrees.

4. The tool of claim 1, wherein the a convex side or a concave side.

5. The tool of claim 1, wherein the interface comprises a tapered surface extending from a cylindrical rim of the substrate and intersecting a flatted axial region formed in the substrate.

6. The tool of claim 5, wherein the flatted axial region comprises a diameter of about 0.125 to about 0.250 inches.

7. The tool of claim 5, wherein the tapered surface is a convex side or a concave side.

8. The tool of claim 5, wherein the tapered surface incorporates nodules, grooves, dimples, protrusions, reverse dimples, or combinations thereof.

9. The tool of claim 1, wherein the radius is about 0.090 to about 0.110 inches.

10. The tool of claim 1, wherein the thickness is about 0.100 to about 0.500 inches.

11. The tool of claim 10, wherein the thickness from the apex to the interface is about 0.125 to about 0.275 inches.

12. The tool of claim 1, wherein the diamond material and the substrate comprise a total thickness of about 0.200 to about 0.700 inches from the apex to a base of the substrate.

13. The tool of claim 1, wherein the sintered polycrystalline diamond material comprises synthetic diamond, silicon bonded diamond, cobalt bonded diamond, thermally stable diamond, polycrystalline diamond with a binder concentration of 1 to 40 weight percent, infiltrated diamond, layered diamond, monolithic diamond, polished diamond, course diamond, fine diamond, metal catalyzed diamond, or combinations thereof.

14. The tool of claim 1, wherein a volume of the diamond material is 75 to 150 percent of a volume of the substrate.

15. The tool of claim 1, wherein the diamond material has a polished surface finish.

16. The tool of claim 1, wherein the tool is incorporated in drill bits, percussion drill bits, roller cone bits, shear bits, milling machines, indenters, mining picks, asphalt picks, cone crushers, vertical impact mills, hammer mills, jaw crushers, asphalt bits, chisels, trenching machines, or combinations thereof.

17. The tool of claim 1, wherein the substrate is bonded to an end of a carbide segment.

18. The tool of claim 17, wherein the carbide segment is brazed or press fit to a steel body.

19. The tool of claim 1, wherein the diamond material is a polycrystalline structure with an average grain size of 1 to 100 microns.

20. The tool of claim 1, wherein the diamond material comprises a 1 to 5 percent concentration of binding agents by weight.

21. A high impact resistant tool, comprising: a sintered polycrystalline diamond material bonded to a cemented metal carbide substrate at an interface, said diamond material having a convex side surface extending in a general direction from an outer diameter of the diamond material and terminating in a rounded apex having a central axis therethrough, the apex being rounded in an axial direction, wherein the convex side surface has a convex cross sectional profile when viewed along a plane axially intersecting the central axis and forms a first angle from an axis parallel to the central axis in a lower portion of the sintered polycrystalline diamond material, a second angle from the axis in a middle portion of the sintered polycrystalline diamond material, and a third angle from the axis in an upper portion of the sintered polycrystalline diamond material; and wherein the convex side surface has a radius of curvature that is greater than a radius of curvature of the rounded apex.

22. The high impact resistant tool of claim 21, wherein the first angle ranges from 25 to 33 degrees, the second angle ranges from 33 to 40 degrees, and the third angle ranges from 40 to 50 degrees.

23. The high impact resistant tool of claim 21, wherein the first angle ranges from 25 to 33 degrees.

24. The high impact resistant tool of claim 21, wherein the second angle ranges from 33 to 40 degrees.

25. The high impact resistant tool of claim 21, wherein the third angle ranges from 40 to 50 degrees.

26. The high impact resistant tool of claim 21, wherein the rounded apex has a radius of curvature from about 0.050 to about 0.160 inches measured in a vertical orientation from the central axis.

27. The high impact resistant tool of claim 21, wherein the diamond material comprises a thickness measured from the apex to the interface from about 0.100 to about 0.500 inches.

28. The high impact resistant tool of claim 21, wherein the thickness from the apex to the interface is about 0.125 to about 0.275 inches.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 is a perspective diagram of an embodiment of a high impact resistant tool.

(2) FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional diagram of an embodiment of a tip with a pointed geometry.

(3) FIG. 2a is a cross-sectional diagram of another embodiment a tip with a pointed geometry.

(4) FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional diagram of an embodiment of a tip with a less pointed geometry.

(5) FIG. 3a is a diagram of impact test results of the embodiments illustrated in FIGS. 2, 2a, and 3.

(6) FIG. 3b is diagram of a Finite Element Analysis of the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2.

(7) FIG. 3c is diagram of a Finite Element Analysis of the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3.

(8) FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional diagram of another embodiment of a tip with a pointed geometry.

(9) FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional diagram of another embodiment of a tip with a pointed geometry.

(10) FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional diagram of another embodiment of a tip with a pointed geometry.

(11) FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional diagram of another embodiment of a tip with a pointed geometry.

(12) FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional diagram of another embodiment of a tip with a pointed geometry.

(13) FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional diagram of another embodiment of a tip with a pointed geometry.

(14) FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional diagram of another embodiment of a tip with a pointed geometry.

(15) FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional diagram of another embodiment of a tip with a pointed geometry.

(16) FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional diagram of another embodiment of a high impact resistant tool.

(17) FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional diagram of another embodiment of a high impact resistant tool

(18) FIG. 14 is an isometric diagram of another embodiment of a high impact resistant tool

(19) FIG. 14a is a plan view of an embodiment of high impact resistant tools.

(20) FIG. 15 is a diagram of an embodiment of an asphalt milling machine.

(21) FIG. 16 is a plan view of an embodiment of a percussion bit.

(22) FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional diagram of an embodiment of a roller cone bit.

(23) FIG. 18 is a plan view of an embodiment of a mining bit.

(24) FIG. 19 is an isometric diagram of an embodiment of a drill bit.

(25) FIG. 20 is a diagram of an embodiment of a trenching machine.

(26) FIG. 21 is a cross-sectional diagram of an embodiment of a jaw crusher.

(27) FIG. 22 is a cross-sectional diagram of an embodiment of a hammer mill.

(28) FIG. 23 is a cross-sectional diagram of an embodiment of a vertical shaft impactor.

(29) FIG. 24 is an isometric diagram of an embodiment of a chisel.

(30) FIG. 25 is an isometric diagram of another embodiment of a moil.

(31) FIG. 26 is a cross-sectional diagram of an embodiment of a cone crusher.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(32) FIG. 1 discloses an embodiment of a high impact resistant tool 100a which may be used in machines in mining, asphalt milling, or trenching industries. The tool 100a may comprise a shank 101a and a body 102a, the body 102a being divided into first and second segments 103a, 104a. The first segment 103a may generally be made of steel, while the second segment 104a may be made of a harder material such as a cemented metal carbide. The second segment 104a may be bonded to the first segment 103a by brazing to prevent the second segment 104a from detaching from the first segment 103a.

(33) The shank 101a may be adapted to be attached to a driving mechanism. A protective spring sleeve 105a may be disposed around the shank 101a both for protection and to allow the high impact resistant tool 100 to be press fit into a holder while still being able to rotate. A washer 106a may also be disposed around the shank 101a such that when the high impact resistant tool 100a is inserted into a holder the washer 106a protects an upper surface of the holder and also facilitates rotation of the tool 100. The washer 106a and sleeve 105a may be advantageous since they may protect the holder which may be costly to replace.

(34) The high impact resistant tool 100a also comprises a tip 107a bonded to an end 108a of the frustoconical second segment 104a of the body 102a. The tip 107a comprises a superhard material 109a bonded to a cemented metal carbide substrate 110a at a non-planar interface, as discussed below. The tip 107a may be bonded to the cemented metal carbide substrate 110a through a high pressure-high temperature process.

(35) The superhard material 109a may be a polycrystalline structure with an average grain size of 10 to 100 microns. The superhard material 109a may comprise diamond, polycrystalline diamond, natural diamond, synthetic diamond, vapor deposited diamond, silicon bonded diamond, cobalt bonded diamond, thermally stable diamond, polycrystalline diamond with a binder concentration of 1 to 40 percent by weight, infiltrated diamond, layered diamond, monolithic diamond, polished diamond, course diamond, fine diamond, cubic boron nitride, diamond impregnated matrix, diamond impregnated carbide, non-metal catalyzed diamond, or combinations thereof.

(36) The superhard material 109a may also comprise a 1 to 5 percent concentration of tantalum by weight as a binding agent. Other binding agents that may be used with the present invention include iron, cobalt, nickel, silicon, hydroxide, hydride, hydrate, phosphorus-oxide, phosphoric acid, carbonate, lanthanide, actinide, phosphate hydrate, hydrogen phosphate, phosphorus carbonate, alkali metals, ruthenium, rhodium, niobium, palladium, chromium, molybdenum, manganese, tantalum or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the binding agent is added directly to a mixture that forms the superhard material 109a mixture before the HPHT processing and do not rely on the binding agent migrating from the cemented metal carbide substrate 110 into the mixture during the HPHT processing.

(37) The cemented metal carbide substrate 110a may comprise a concentration of cobalt of 1 to 40 percent by weight and, more preferably, 5 to 10 percent by weight. During HPHT processing, some of the cobalt may infiltrate into the superhard material 109a such that the cemented metal carbide substrate 110a comprises a slightly lower cobalt concentration than before the HPHT process. The superhard material 109a may preferably comprise a 1 to 5 percent cobalt concentration by weight after the cobalt or other binding agent infiltrates the superhard material 109a during HPHT processing.

(38) Now referring to FIG. 2 that illustrates an embodiment of a tip 107b that includes a cemented metal carbide substrate 110b. The cemented metal carbide substrate 110b comprises a tapered surface 200 starting from a cylindrical rim 250 of the cemented metal carbide substrate 110b and ending at an elevated, flatted, central region 201 formed in the cemented metal carbide substrate 110b.

(39) The superhard material 109b comprises a substantially pointed geometry 210a with a sharp apex 202a comprising a radius of curvature of 0.050 to 0.125 inches. In some embodiments, the radius of curvature is 0.090 to 0.110 inches. It is believed that the apex 202a is adapted to distribute impact forces across the central region 201a, which may help prevent the superhard material 109b from chipping or breaking.

(40) The superhard material 109b may comprise a thickness 203 of 0.100 to 0.500 inches from the apex 202a to the central region 201a and, more preferably, from 0.125 to 0.275 inches. The superhard material 109b and the cemented metal carbide substrate 110b may comprise a total thickness 204 of 0.200 to 0.700 inches from the apex 202 to a base 205 of the cemented metal carbide substrate 110b. The apex 202a may allow the high impact resistant tool 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 to more easily cleave asphalt, rock, or other formations.

(41) The pointed geometry 210a of the superhard material 109b may comprise a side 214 which forms an angle 150 of 35 to 55 degrees with a central axis 215 of the tip 107b, though the angle 150 may preferably be substantially 45 degrees. The included angle 152 may be a 90 degree angle, although in some embodiments, the included angle 152 is 85 to 95 degrees.

(42) The pointed geometry 210a may also comprise a convex side or a concave side. The tapered surface 200 of the cemented metal carbide substrate 110b may incorporate nodules 207 at a non-planar interface 209a between the superhard material 109b and the cemented metal carbide substrate 110b, which may provide a greater surface area on the cemented metal carbide substrate 110b, thereby providing a stronger interface. The tapered surface 200 may also incorporate grooves, dimples, protrusions, reverse dimples, or combinations thereof. The tapered surface 200 may be convex, as in the current embodiment of the tip 107b, although the tapered surface may be concave in other embodiments.

(43) Advantages of having a pointed apex 202a of superhard material 109 as illustrated in FIG. 2 will now be compared to that of a tip 107c having a superhard material 109c and an apex 202b that is blunter than the apex 202a, as illustrated in FIG. 3. A representative example of a tip 107b illustrated in FIG. 2 includes a pointed geometry 210a that has a radius of curvature of 0.094 inches and a thickness 203a of 0.150 inch from the apex 202a to the central region 201a. FIG. 3 is a representative example of another embodiment of a tip 107c that includes a geometry 210b more blunt than the geometry 210 in FIG. 2. The tip 107b includes a superhard material 109c that has an apex 202b with a radius of curvature of 0.160 inches and a thickness 203b of 0.200 inch from the apex 202b to the central region 201b.

(44) The performance of the geometries 210a and 210b were compared a drop test performed at Novatek International, Inc. located in Provo, Utah. Using an Instron Dynatup 9250G drop test machine, the tips 107b and 107c were secured to a base of the machine and weights comprising tungsten carbide targets were dropped onto the tips 107b and 107c.

(45) It was shown that the geometry 210a of the tip 107b penetrated deeper into the tungsten carbide target, thereby allowing more surface area of the superhard material 109b to absorb the energy from the falling target. The greater surface area of the superhard material 109b better buttressed the portion of the superhard material 109b that penetrated the target, thereby effectively converting bending and shear loading of the superhard material 109b into a more beneficial quasi-hydrostatic type compressive forces. As a result, the load carrying capabilities of the superhard material 109b drastically increased.

(46) On the other hand, the geometry 210b of the tip 107c is blunter and as a result the apex 202b of the superhard material 109c hardly penetrated into the tungsten carbide target. As a result, there was comparatively less surface area of the superhard material 109c over which to spread the energy, providing little support to buttress the superhard material 109c. Consequently, this caused the superhard material 109c to fail in shear/bending at a much lower load despite the fact that the superhard material 109c comprised a larger surface area than that of superhard material 109b and used the same grade of diamond and carbide as the superhard material 109b.

(47) In the event, the pointed geometry 210a having an apex 202a of the superhard material 109b surprisingly required about 5 times more energy (measured in joules) to break than the blunter geometry 210b having an apex 202b of the superhard material 109c of FIG. 3. That is, the average embodiment of FIG. 2 required the application of about 130 joules of energy before the tip 107b fractured, whereas the average embodiment of FIG. 3 required the application of about 24 joules of energy before it fracture. It is believed that the much greater in the energy required to fracture an embodiment of the tip 107b having a geometry 210a is because the load was distributed across a greater surface area in the embodiment of FIG. 2 than that of the geometry 210b embodiment of the tip 107c illustrated in FIG. 3.

(48) Surprisingly, in the embodiment of FIG. 2, when the tip 107b finally broke, the crack initiation point 251 was below the apex 202a. This is believed to result from the tungsten carbide target pressurizing the flanks of the superhard material 109b in the portion that penetrated the target. It is believed that this results in greater hydrostatic stress loading in the superhard material 109c. It is also believed that since the apex 202a was still intact after the fracture that the superhard material 109b will still be able to withstand high impacts, thereby prolonging the useful life of the superhard material 109b even after chipping or fracture begins.

(49) In addition, a third embodiment of a tip 107c illustrated in FIG. 2a was tested as described above. Tip 107d includes a geometry 210c with a superhard material 109d. The superhard material 109d comprises an apex 202c having a thickness 203c of 0.035 inches between an apex 202c and a central region 201c and a radius of curvature of 0.094 inches at the apex 202c.

(50) FIG. 3a illustrates the results of the drop tests performed on the embodiments of tips 107b, 107c, and 107d. The tip 107d with a superhard material 109d having the geometry 210c required an energy in the range of 8 to 15 joules to break. The tip 107c with a superhard material 109c having the relatively blunter geometry 210b with the apex 202b having a radius of curvature of 0.160 inches and a thickness 203b of 0.200 inches, which the inventors believed would outperform the geometries 210a and 210b required 20-25 joules of energy to break. The impact force measured when the tip 107c broke was 75 kilo-newtons. The tip 107b with a superhard material 109b having a relatively pointed geometry 210a with the apex 202a having a radius of curvature of 0.094 inches and a thickness 203a of 0.150 inch required about 130 joules to break. Although the Instron drop test machine was only calibrated to measure up to 88 kilo-newtons, which the tip 107b exceeded before it broke, the inventors were able to extrapolate the data to determine that the tip 107b probably experienced about 105 kilo-newtons when it broke.

(51) As can be seen, embodiments of tips that include a superhard material having the feature of being thicker than 0.100 inches, such as tip 107c, or having the feature of a radius of curvature of 0.075 to 0.125 inch, such as tip 107d, is not enough to achieve the impact resistance of the tip 107b. Rather, it is unexpectedly synergistic to combine these two features.

(52) The performance of the present invention is not presently found in commercially available products or in the prior art. In the prior art, it was believed that an apex of a superhard material, such as diamond, having a sharp radius of curvature of 0.075 to 0.125 inches would break because the radius of curvature was too sharp. To avoid this, rounded and semispherical geometries are commercially used today. These inserts were drop-tested and withstood impacts having energies between 5 and 20 joules, results that were acceptable in most commercial applications, albeit unsuitable for drilling very hard rock formations.

(53) After the surprising results of the above test, a Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was conducted upon the tips 107b and 107c, the results of which are shown in FIGS. 3b and 3c. FIG. 3b discloses an FEA 107c of the tip 107c from FIG. 3. The FEA 107c includes an FEA 109c of the superhard material 109 having a geometry 210b and, more specifically, with an apex 202b having a radius of curvature of 0.160 inches and a thickness 203b of 0.200 inches while enduring the energy at which the tip 107c broke while performing the drop test. In addition, FIG. 3b illustrates an FEA 110c of the cemented metal carbide substrate 110c and a second segment 104c, similar to the second segment 104 illustrated in FIG. 1 that can be a cemented metal carbide, such as tungsten carbide.

(54) FIG. 3c discloses an FEA 107b of the tip 107b from FIG. 2. The FEA 107b includes an FEA 109b of the superhard material 109b having a geometry 210a and, more specifically, with an apex 202a having a radius of curvature of 0.094 inches and a thickness 203a of 0.150 inches while enduring the energy at which the tip 107b broke while performing the drop test. In addition, FIG. 3c illustrates an FEA 110b of the cemented metal carbide substrate 110b and a second segment 104b, similar to the second segment 104 illustrated in FIG. 1 that can be a cemented metal carbide, such as tungsten carbide.

(55) As discussed, the tips 107b and 107c broke when subjected to the same stress during the test. Nonetheless, the difference in the geometries 210a and 210b of the superhard material 109b and 109c, respectively, caused a significant difference in the load required to reach the Von Mises stress level at which each of the tips 107b and 107c broke. This is because the geometry 210a with the pointed apex 202a distributed the loads more efficiently across the superhard material 109b than the blunter apex 202b distributed the load across the superhard material 109c.

(56) In FIGS. 3b and 3c, stress concentrations are represented by the darkness of the regions, the lighter regions representing lower stress concentrations and the darker regions represent greater stress concentrations. As can be seen, the FEA 107c illustrates that the stress in tip 107c is concentrated near the apex 202b and are both larger and higher in bending and shear. In comparison, the FEA 107b illustrates that the stress in tip 107b is distributed further from the apex 202a and distributes the stresses more efficiently throughout the superhard material 109b due to their hydrostatic nature.

(57) In the FEA 107c, it can be seen that both the higher and lower stresses are concentrated in the superhard material 109c, as the FEA 109c indicates. These combined stresses, it is believed, causes transverse rupture to actually occur in the superhard material 109c, which is generally more brittle than the softer carbide substrate.

(58) In the FEA 107b, however, the FEA 109b indicates that the majority of high stress remains within the superhard material 109b while the lower stresses are actually within the carbide substrate 110b that is more capable of handling the transverse rupture, as indicated in FEA 110b. Thus, it is believed that the thickness of the superhard material is critical to the ability of the superhard material to withstand greater impact forces; if the superhard material is too thick it increases the likelihood that transverse rupture of the superhard material will occur, but if the superhard material is too thin it decreases the ability of the superhard material to support itself and withstand higher impact forces.

(59) FIGS. 4 through 10 disclose various possible embodiments of tips with different combinations of geometries of superhard materials and tapered surfaces of cemented metal carbide substrates.

(60) FIG. 4 illustrates a tip 107e having a superhard material 109e with a geometry 210d that has a concave side 450 and a continuous convex substrate geometry 451 at the tapered surface 200 of the cemented metal carbide segment.

(61) FIG. 5 comprises an embodiment of a tip 107f having a superhard material 109f with a geometry 210e that is thicker from the apex 202e to the central region 201 of the cemented metal carbide substrate 110f, while still maintaining radius of curvature of 0.075 to 0.125 inches at the apex 202e.

(62) FIG. 6 illustrates a tip 107g that includes grooves 650 formed in the cemented metal carbide substrate 110g to increase the strength of the interface 209f between the superhard material 109g and the cemented metal carbide substrate 110g.

(63) FIG. 7 illustrates a tip 107h that includes a superhard material 109h having a geometry 210g that is slightly concave at the sides 750 of the superhard material 109h and at the interface 209g between the tapered surface 200g of the cemented metal carbide substrate 110h and the superhard material 109h.

(64) FIG. 8 discloses a tip 107i that includes a superhard material 109i having a geometry 210h that is slightly convex at the sides 850 of the superhard material 109i while still maintaining a radius of curvature of 0.075 to 0.125 inches at the apex 202h.

(65) FIG. 9 discloses a tip 107j that includes a superhard material 109j having a geometry 210i that has flat sides 950.

(66) FIG. 10 discloses a tip 107k that includes a superhard material 109k having a geometry 210j that includes a cemented metal carbide substrate 110k having concave portions 1051 and convex portions 1050 and a generally flatted central region 201j.

(67) Now referring to FIG. 11, a tip 107l that includes a superhard material 109l having a geometry 210k that includes convex surface 1103. The convex surface 1103 comprises a first angle 1110 from an axis 1105 parallel to a central axis 215k in a lower portion 1100 of the superhard material 109l; a second angle 1115 from the axis 1105 in a middle portion of the superhard material 109l; and a third angle 1120 from the axis 1105 in an upper portion of the superhard material 109l. The angle 1110 may be at substantially 25 to 33 degrees from axis 1105, the middle portion 1101, which may make up a majority of the convex surface 1103, may have an angle 1115 at substantially 33 to 40 degrees from the axis 1105, and the upper portion 1102 of the convex surface 1103 may have an angle 1120 at about 40 to 50 degrees from the axis 1105.

(68) FIG. 12 discloses an embodiment of a high impact resistant tool 100d having a second segment 104d be press fit into a bore 1200a of a first segment 103d. This may be advantageous in embodiments which comprise a shank 101d coated with a hard material. A high temperature may be required to apply the hard material coating to the shank 101d. If the first segment 103d is brazed to the second segment 104d to effect a bond between the segments 103d, 104d, the heat used to apply the hard material coating to the shank 101d could undesirably cause the braze between the segments 103d, 104d to flow again. A similar same problem may occur if the segments 103d, 104d are brazed together after the hard material is applied, although in this instance a high temperature applied to the braze may affect the hard material coating. Using a press fit may allow the second segment 104d to be attached to the first segment 103d without affecting any other coatings or brazes on the high impact resistant tool 100d. The depth of the bore 1200a within the first segment 103d and a size of the second segment 104d may be adjusted to optimize wear resistance and cost effectiveness of the high impact resistant tool 100d in order to reduce body wash and other wear to the first segment 103d.

(69) FIG. 13 discloses another embodiment of a high impact resistant tool 100e that may comprise one or more rings 1300 of hard metal or superhard material disposed around the first segment 103e. The ring 1300 may be inserted into a groove 1301 or recess formed in the first segment 103e. The ring 1300 may also comprise a tapered outer circumference such that the outer circumference is flush with the first segment 103e. The ring 1300 may protect the first segment 103e from excessive wear that could affect the press fit of the second segment 104e in the bore 1200b of the first segment. The first segment 103e may also comprise carbide buttons or other strips adapted to protect the first segment 103e from wear due to corrosive and impact forces. Silicon carbide, diamond mixed with braze material, diamond grit, or hard facing may also be placed in groove or slots formed in the first segment 103e of the high impact resistant tool 100e to prevent the first segment 103e from wearing. In some embodiments, epoxy with silicon carbide or diamond may be used.

(70) FIG. 14 illustrates another embodiment of a high impact resistant tool 100f that may be rotationally fixed during an operation. A portion of the shank 101f may be threaded to provide axial support to the high impact resistant tool 100f, as well as provide a capability for inserting the high impact resistant tool 100f into a holder in a trenching machine, a milling machine, or a drilling machine. A planar surface 1405 of a second segment 104f may be formed such that the tip 107f is presented at an angle with respect to a central axis 1400 of the tool.

(71) FIG. 14a discloses embodiments of several tips 107n comprising a superhard material 109n that are disposed along a row. The tips 107n comprise flats 1450 on their periphery to allow their apexes 202m to be positioned closer together. This may be beneficial in applications where it is desired to minimize the amount of material that flows between the tips 107n.

(72) FIG. 15 illustrates an embodiment of a high impact resistant tool 100g being used as a pick in an asphalt milling machine 1500. The high impact resistant tool 100 may be used in many different embodiments. The tips as disclosed herein have been tested in locations in the United States and have shown to last 10 to 15 time the life of the currently available milling teeth.

(73) The high impact resistant tool may be an insert in a drill bit, as in the embodiments of FIGS. 16 through 19.

(74) FIG. 16 illustrates a percussion bit 1600, for which the pointed geometry of the tips 107o may be useful in central locations 1651 on the bit face 1650 or at the gauge 1652 of the bit 1600.

(75) FIG. 17 illustrates a roller cone bit 1700. Embodiments of high impact resistant tools 100h with tips 107p may be useful in roller cone bit 1700, where prior art inserts and cutting elements typically fail the formation through compression. The pointed geometries of the tips 107p may be angled to enlarge the gauge well bore.

(76) FIG. 18 discloses a mining bit 1800 that may also be incorporated with the present invention and uses embodiments of a high impact resistant tool 100i and tips 107q.

(77) FIG. 19 discloses a drill bit 1900 typically used in horizontal drilling that uses embodiments of a high impact resistant tool 100j and tips 107r.

(78) FIG. 20 discloses a trenching machine 2000 that uses embodiments of a high impact resistant tool and tips (not illustrated). The high impact resistant tools may be placed on a chain that rotates around an arm 2050.

(79) Milling machines may also incorporate the present invention. The milling machines may be used to reduce the size of material such as rocks, grain, trash, natural resources, chalk, wood, tires, metal, cars, tables, couches, coal, minerals, chemicals, or other natural resources.

(80) FIG. 21 illustrates a jaw crusher 2100 that may include a fixed plate 2150 with a wear surface 2152a and pivotal plate 2151 with another wear surface 2152b. Rock or other materials are reduced as they travel downhole and are crushed between the wear plates 2152a and 2152b. Embodiments of the high impact resistant tools 100k may be fixed to the wear plates 2152a and 2152b, with the high impact resistant tools optionally becoming larger size as the high impact resistant tools get closer to the pivotal end 2153 of the wear plate 2152b.

(81) FIG. 22 illustrates a hammer mill 2200 that incorporates embodiments of high impact resistant tools 100l at a distal end 2250 of the hammer bodies 2251.

(82) FIG. 23 illustrates a vertical shaft impactor 2300 may also use embodiments of a high impact resistant tool 100m and/or tips 107s. They may use the pointed geometries on the targets or on the edges of a central rotor.

(83) FIGS. 24 and 25 illustrate a chisel 2400 or rock breaker that may also incorporate the present invention. At least one high impact resistant tool 100n with a tip 107t may be placed on the impacting end 2450 of a rock breaker with a chisel 2400.

(84) FIG. 25 illustrates a moil 2500 that includes at least one high impact resistant tool 100o with a tip 107u. In some embodiments, the sides of the pointed geometry of the tip 107u may be flatted.

(85) FIG. 26 illustrates a cone crusher 2600, which may also incorporate embodiments of high impact resistant tools 100p and tips 107v that include a pointed geometry of superhard material. The cone crusher 2600 may comprise a top wear plate 2650 and a bottom wear plate 2651 that may incorporate the present invention.

(86) Other applications not shown, but that may also incorporate the present invention, include rolling mills; cleats; studded tires; ice climbing equipment; mulchers; jackbits; farming and snow plows; teeth in track hoes, back hoes, excavators, shovels; tracks, armor piercing ammunition; missiles; torpedoes; swinging picks; axes; jack hammers; cement drill bits; milling bits; drag bits; reamers; nose cones; and rockets.

(87) Whereas the present invention has been described in particular relation to the drawings attached hereto, it should be understood that other and further modifications apart from those shown or suggested herein, may be made within the scope and spirit of the present invention.