FANCY COLOR SILVER CONTAINING ALLOYS

Abstract

The present invention is directed to a formulation of one or more low silver containing alloys (including those with silver content below 50 weight %, w %) that show one of the group of distinct pink, yellow and green colors and further demonstrate enhanced resistance to tarnish and other beneficial features described herein.

Claims

1. A silver based alloy composition comprising: at least 22% silver; about 0.5-3% palladium; about 9-16% zinc; about 0.2% silicon; and copper; wherein said composition exhibits characteristics of resistance to tarnish.

2. The composition of claim 1, wherein said silver is limited to 22-25%.

3. The composition of claim 2, wherein the amount of zinc is limited to about 10%, and said composition exhibits a yellow color.

4. The composition of claim 3, wherein the density is about 9.0 g/km and the annealed hardness is about 60 vickers.

5. The composition of claim 1, which is used for making jewelry.

6. The composition of claim 1, wherein the amount of zinc is at about 15% and said composition exhibits a green color.

7. The composition of claim 6, wherein said composition is limited to 22-23% silver.

8. The composition of claim 6, wherein said composition further comprises gold.

9. The composition of claim 6, wherein the density is about 8.5 g/km and the annealed hardness is about 65 vickers.

10. The composition of claim 1, wherein said silver is limited to a range of 46-52% of said composition and wherein said composition exhibits a pale color.

11. The composition of claim 10, further comprising germanium in an amount limited to 0.7% or less and said composition exhibits a pale yellow color.

12. The composition of claim 10, further comprising germanium in at most trace amounts and the composition exhibits a pale pink color.

13. The composition of claim 10, wherein palladium is limited to about 2% of said composition.

14. The composition of claim 10, wherein said composition further comprises gold.

15. The composition of claim 10, which is used for making jewelry.

Description

[0012] Table 1 shows eight example alloys that have been formulated as a part of the present invention, each of which contains 50 w % or less silver (Ag) and shows pink, yellow or green color.

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 w % w % w % CIELab (Measured) Alloy Ag w % Pd Cu w % Zn w % Si Ge L* a* b* Color 1 50.0 2.0 balance 0.1 0.5 88.0 3.0 11.5 Pale Yellow 2 48.7 2.0 balance 0.2 0.7 88.0 2.2 11.4 Pale Yellow 3 48.7 2.0 balance 87.0 4.5 11.5 Pale Pink 4 48.0 2.0 balance 0.1 87.0 4.5 11.5 Pale Pink 5 37.9 2.0 balance 0.1 89.0 5.0 11.0 Pink 6 27.8 2.0 balance 0.2 88.0 6.0 13.0 Pink 7 20.5 2.0 balance 3.0 0.4 87.0 5.0 16.0 Pink 8 22.8 2.0 balance 10.0 0.2 90.5 0.9 18.0 Yellow 9 22.8 2.0 balance 15.0 0.2 90.5 1.3 19.0 Green

[0013] The first four alloys shown in the table include silver content in the alloy between 48 w % and 50 w % and the alloys appear in pale pink and pale yellow colors. The red-green component a* is below 5.0, and the yellow-blue component b* is below 13.0.

[0014] In the present invention, formability can be improved by adding small amounts of Si and/or Ge. However, adding too much can result in decreased ability for formation by causing brittleness. Adding too much or too little Ge can impact color. Preferably, Ge is used in a range of 0-0.5 w %, and when used, preferably at 0.2 w %. In the alloys shown in Table 1, Si is added to all the alloys except alloy 3 to further improve the resistance to tarnish. Ge is also added to alloys 1 and 2 to enhance the tarnish resistance even more.

[0015] The presence or lack of presence of Si and/or Ge can also impact color. For example, Alloy 2, which includes some Si and Ge displays a pale yellow color, whereas Alloy 3, which has additional copper in lieu of the Si and Ge of Alloy 2, displays a pale pink color.

[0016] For each example in Table 1, to improve the resistance to tarnish, 2 w % palladium (Pd) is included in each alloy. We find that 2 w % Pd is preferred because too much Pd can cause an increasing in color paling and too little Pd can impact tarnish improvement.

[0017] The better pink color with a*=5.0 and higher is observed for Alloys 5, 6, and 7 with silver content 37.9 w %, 27.8 w %, and 20.5 w % respectively. Alloy 5 however has a low 11.0 yellow component b*. Alloy 6, with a*=6.0 and b*=13.0, and alloy 7, with a*=5.0 and b*=16.0, may be considered improvements in color over allow 5.

[0018] Zinc (Zn), when used in combination with silver in appropriate percentages, can be used to color the silver so that the resultant alloy has a yellow, green, or yellowish-green color. With reference to the alloys of Table 1, Alloys 8 and 9 contain 10 w % and 15 w % Zn respectively so as to obtain distinct yellow and green colors respectively. In all the alloys, copper (Cu) content is added as a balance. Table 1 also lists the CIELab color coordinates L* (brightness component), a* (red-green component) and b* (yellow-blue component) as measured for each alloy. Color coordinates are described in Color Technology for Jewelry Applications, by D. P. Agarwal and G. Raykhtsaum, Proceedings of Santa Fe Symposium on Jewelry Manufacturing Technology, 1988, pp 229-244.

[0019] Alloys 8 and 9 each contain 22.8 w % silver and show distinct yellow and green colors respectively. Such distinct colors are achieved by selecting the zinc concentrations of 10 w % and 15 w % respectively for the alloys 8 and 9 with the high respective yellow components b* 18.0 and 19.0. The respective red-green component a* for these alloys are 0.9 and 1.3, respectively. The green color of the alloy 9 can be enhanced further by the increasing zinc content, which shifts the a* component to more negative value.

[0020] In order to result in a pink color, the CIELab measured attributes preferably need to be in the ranges of L* higher than 85, preferably 88.0, a* between 5.0 and 7.0, preferably 6.0, and b* higher than 12.0, preferably 13.0. To achieve this color, the weight percentages of each metal preferably should be in the ranges of 27%-38% Ag, 0.5%-3.0% Pd, 0.0%-0.3% Si and the balance being Cu. In the preferred embodiment, the composition includes 28.0 w % Ag, 2 w % Pd, 0.2% Si and the balance being Cu. In the preferred embodiment the density is 9.4 g/cm.sup.3, the Annealed Hardness is 150 Vickers, the annealing temperature is 620 C, and the melting range, solidus to liquidus, is 785 C to 965 C.

[0021] In order to result in a yellow color, the CIELab measured attributes need to preferably be in the ranges of L* higher than 85, preferably 90.5, a* between 0.5 and 1.5, preferably 1.0, and b* higher than 17.5, preferably 18.0. To achieve this color, the weight percentages of each metal should preferably be in the ranges of 21%-25% Ag, 0.5%-3.0% Pd, 8%-12% Zn, 0.0%-0.3% Si and the balance being Cu. In the preferred embodiment, the composition includes 22.8 w % Ag, 2.0 w % Pd, 10% Zn, 0.2% Si and the balance being Cu. In the preferred embodiment the density is 9.0 g/cm.sup.3, the Annealed Hardness is 60 Vickers, the annealing temperature is 620 C, and the melting range, solidus to liquidus, is 740 C to 935 C.

[0022] In order to result in a green color, the CIELab measured attributes need to preferably be in the ranges of L* higher than 85, preferably 90.5, a* below 1.0, preferably 1.5, and b* higher than 18.5, preferably 19.0. To achieve this color, the weight percentages of each metal should preferably be in the ranges of 21%-24% Ag, 0.5%-3.0% Pd, 13%-17% Zn, 0.0-0.3% Si and the balance being Cu. In the preferred embodiment, the composition includes 22.8 w % Ag, 2.0 w % Pd, 15% Zn, 0.2% Si and the balance being Cu. In the preferred embodiment the density is 8.9 g/cm.sup.3, the Annealed Hardness is 65 Vickers, the annealing temperature is 620 C, and the melting range, solidus to liquidus, is 715 C to 905 C.

[0023] Data for example formulations, including pink, yellow, and green compositions, are included below.

[0024] Data for a formulated pink silver alloy (referred to as No. 433) follow. The alloy is formed of Gold, 28% Silver, and 2% Palladium. The density is 98.6 dwt/in.sup.3 (9.4 g/cm.sup.3). The color is pink. Color parameters are: Red-Green a*:6.0 and Yellow b*:13.0. The annealed hardness is 150 Vickers. The annealing temperature is 1150 F. (620 C.). The melting range (Solidus-Liquidus): 1445 F. (785 C.)-1770 F. (965 C.).

[0025] Data for a formulated yellow silver alloy (referred to as No. 434) follow. The alloy is formed of Gold, 22.8% Silver, and 2% Palladium. The density is 95.4 dwt/in.sup.3 (9.0 g/cm.sup.3). The color is yellow. Color parameters are: Red-Green a*: 0.9 and Yellow b*:18.5. The annealed hardness is 60 Vickers. The annealing temperature is 1150 F. (620 C.). The melting range (Solidus-Liquidus): 1365 F. (740 C.)-1715 F. (935 C.).

[0026] Data for a formulated green silver alloy (referred to as No. 436) follow. The alloy is formed of Gold, 22.8% Silver, and 2% Palladium. The density is 94.2 dwt/in.sup.3 (8.9 g/cm.sup.3). The color is green. Color parameters are: Red-Green a*:1.3 and Yellow b*:19.0. The annealed hardness is 65 Vickers. The annealing temperature is 1150 F. (620 C.). The melting range (Solidus-Liquidus): 1320 F. (715 C.)-1635 F. (905 C.).

[0027] Data for an additional formulated pink silver alloy (referred to as No. 433-2) follow. The alloy is formed of Gold, 20.5% Silver, and 2% Palladium. The density is 96.2 dwt/in.sup.3 (9.1 g/cm.sup.3). The color is pink. Color parameters are: Red-Green a*:5.0 and Yellow b*:16.0. The annealed hardness is 150 Vickers. The annealing temperature is 1150 F. (620 C.). The melting range (Solidus-Liquidus): 1445 F. (785 C.)-1770 F. (965 C.).