PLASTIC HOT WATER BOILER

Abstract

Combustion engineering, fluid heating, for example, water heating, using electricity to generate steam. The body of the device has of two identical halvesthe upper and the lower. The material of the body is heat-resistant polymer containing one or more isotopes according to the general variant of body implementation. Each half of the body is made identical to the other half and has an elliptical cross-section.

Claims

1-28. (canceled)

29. A plastic hot water boiler, comprising: a body, the body made of heat-resistant plastic; wherein a composition of plastic of the body includes stable isotopes of the elements composing the plastic.

30. The plastic hot water boiler, according to claim 29, wherein deuterium is used as the isotope included in the plastic structure.

31. The plastic hot water boiler, according to claim 29, wherein the isotope included in the plastic structure is .sup.13C.

32. The plastic hot water boiler, according to claim 29, wherein as the isotope included in the plastic structure is .sup.14C.

33. The plastic hot water boiler, according to claim 29, wherein as the isotope included in the plastic structure is .sup.17O.

34. The plastic hot water boiler, according to claim 29, wherein as the isotope included in the plastic structure is .sup.18O.

35. The plastic hot water boiler, according to claim 29, wherein as the isotope included in the plastic structure is .sup.15N.

36. The plastic hot water boiler, according to claim 29, wherein as the isotope included in the plastic structure is .sup.33 S.

37. The plastic hot water boiler, according to claim 29, wherein as the isotope included in the plastic structure is .sup.34S.

38. The plastic hot water boiler according to claim 29, wherein as the isotope included in the plastic structure is any combination of D, .sup.13C .sup.14.sub.C, .sup.17O, .sup.18O, .sup.15N, .sup.33S, .sup.34S in any combinations.

39. The plastic hot water boiler according to claim 29, further comprising: at least two electrodes mounted inside the body; each electrode having an electric lead; wherein the electric lead is located on one end of each electrode, and electric leads of the electrodes are placed outside of the body; wherein the electrodes along with leads are replaceable; wherein connection of the electrode with electrical lead is detachable, and each electrode is configured to connect to the electric lead at any end of the electrode.

40. The plastic hot water boiler according to claim 29, where the body has: at least one opening to fill the boiler; and at least one lid covering the filler opening of the boiler.

41. The plastic hot water boiler according to claim 29, where the body is made in the form of two detachable halves, and the halves are identical.

42. The plastic hot water boiler according to claim 29, where the body has through inlet and outlet nozzles.

43. The plastic hot water boiler according to claim 42, wherein the inlet nozzle is made on the first body half, the outlet nozzle is made on the second body half, and nozzle connections with the first and the second body halves are made identical.

44. The plastic hot water boiler according to claim 41, wherein electrode mountings are made in different body halve, and electrode mountings are made identical in different housing halves.

45. The plastic hot water boiler according to claim 29, wherein the body has an elliptical form in the cross-section.

46. The plastic hot water boiler according to claim 29, wherein the body has an elliptical form in the longitudinal section.

47. The plastic hot water boiler according to claim 29, wherein the body is made of plastic with the largest possible coefficient of thermal expansion close to the coefficient of thermal expansion of electrodes.

48. The plastic hot water boiler according to claim 41, wherein the body halves are joined with adhesive bonding.

49. The plastic hot water boiler according to claim 41, wherein the body halves are joined with sealant.

50. The plastic hot water boiler according to claim 41, where the body halves are welded.

51. The plastic hot water boiler according to claim 41, wherein the body halves are joined with bolted connection, and the hot water boiler includes an elastic sealing gasket disposed between the two body halves.

52. The plastic hot water boiler according to claim 41, wherein the body is made in an ellipse form in the cross-section with removed segment

53. The plastic hot water boiler according to claim 41, wherein the body contains additional cover plate, which is made in the form of parallelepiped, is located outside of the body, one facet of the cover plate adjacent to the body has curved form corresponding to the shape of the outer part of the body to which it is connected, one facet of the cover plate opposite to the facet, adjacent to the body, is flat and the cover plate contains holes made from the side of the flat facet, opposite to the curved facet.

54. The plastic hot water boiler according to claim 29, further comprising: at least two protective housings of electrodes, each of them comprises the housing body, at least one fastening element to the boiler body, holes for fastening elements, an outlet opening for wires, provided with a protective nozzle; wherein each housing is located on corresponding half of the boiler body over the outer electric leads of electrodes, the fastening element of housing is connected to it and to the boiler body, housings, fastening elements to the body of the boiler are identical for the two halves of the boiler body, and the housings are integral with plastic nozzles.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0090] FIG. 1-29 show the scheme of general variant of the device body on the proposed invention, for all variants of the device construction implementation.

[0091] FIG. 1 shows the scheme of the longitudinal section of the device body on the variant 1 for the case of two electrodes.

[0092] FIG. 2-5 schematically show the cross section view of the body on the variant 1 for different sub-variants.

[0093] FIG. 6-15 schematically show the longitudinal section (FIG. 6, 11) and the cross sections of the device on the variant 2 with electrodes located on one side of inlet and outlet nozzles.

[0094] FIG. 16 schematically shows the longitudinal section and the cross sections (FIG. 17-19) of the device on the variant 3 with location of electrodes on both sides of the inlet and outlet nozzles.

[0095] FIG. 20-29 show more detailed specification of the device on the variant 4.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED VARIANTS OF THE INVENTION IMPLEMENTATION

[0096] General Variant of the Device Body.

[0097] FIG. 1-26 show the performance of the body material for all structural variants of the device.

[0098] According to the general variant of the body 1 performance of the plastic hot water boiler on the proposed invention, its material contains isotopes of the elements included in the plastic structure. The most common is the deuterium. Isotopes of other elements included in the plastic may be also used. These include .sup.13C, .sup.14C, .sup.17O, .sup.18O, .sup.15N, .sup.33S, .sup.34S, depending on the specific type of used heat-resistant plastic. Moreover, one of these isotopes or their mix in any combination can be used. The content of listed isotopes and their variation can provide programmable variation of physical properties of the body material that enables the best way of their selection according to the device destination, and in compliance with its individual elements. Thus change in the isotopic composition can increase temperature of the glass transition point of the body polymer 1 (EP0268192 (A2)1988-05-25).

[0099] It also allows modifying, as necessary, electrical properties of the body 1, for example, to increase superficial and volumetric electric resistivity, dielectric breakdown strength of the body [1]. Also, the proposed technical solution allows to change directionally the coefficient of linear and volumetric thermal expansion, which is very important for the best match to the thermal expansion coefficients of other elements of the device, in particular, of metallic components. Although the individual change in the plastics properties with variation of the isotopic composition is known (EP0268192 (A2) Esters of (meth) acrylic acid1988-05-25, [1]), its usage in the field of fluids thermal heating, including in the construction of bodies of water-heating devices in all variants is unknown on the level of the prior development of science and technology, and the combined entry and changes in concentration of the proposed isotopic composition also are unknown. It enables the appearance of new quality properties of hot water boiler bodies, significantly increases their reliability of both static and dynamic modes and improves durability, wear-resistance and reduces the operating cost. Technique and technology of isotopes injection in polymers is known and mastered, in particular, of deuterium (JPS60237034 (A)1985-11-25; RU21141261998-06-27; US2009148729 (A1)2009-06-11; CN102911372 (A) Benzo crown ether graft polymer material with lithium isotope separation effect and preparation method thereof2013-02-06) as well as the introduction of rare earths elements and their oxides (WO2005054132 (A1)2005-06-16). However, it is not known from the preceding development of technology used in bodies of hot water boilers and it is significant difference from the preceding devices. The proposed implementation of bodies, unlike the use of fillers in their materials, allows keeping high uniformity of the body, experiencing significant static and dynamic thermal loads. It increases the resistance to these loads with respect to existing materials containing fillers and other alien additives to body material. Also, when using the proposed implementation of bodies for materials containing fillers (RU2230760. Hydrophobic-nature polymers filled with starch complexes1999-09-22; RU2034852. Filled polymer production method1990-07-27; for example polymers of glass filledRU2185961. Plant for production of filled plastics, mainly, fiber-reinforced material2001-03-28), it is also performed possibility of finer programming of physical properties without affecting the applied degree of uniformity of the body material.

[0100] In addition, in all cases the concentration of isotopes in body plastic can start with the lowest possible value, which allows using materials for bodies manufacturing without special forced polymers refining from natural isotopes contained therein. This allows to raise substantially the simplicity and processibility of the device bodies, and to reduce their production costs.

[0101] Variant 1.

[0102] According to the variant 1 the body (1) of device consists of two identical halvesthe upper (2) and the lower (3) (FIG. 1). The material of the body (1) is heat-resistant polymer containing one or more isotopes according to the general variant of body implementation. Each half of the body (1) is made identical to the other half and has an elliptical cross-section (FIG. 2-5). Such implementation of two halves as unified single detail significantly simplifies the technology of the device fabrication, as it allows using one snap for both halves and for different designs. However one half of the body may contain intentionally redundant elements, such as openings (5) for electrodes (6), which are used in some variants of the device are not used in other variants (FIG. 2-6). Or these redundant elements (e.g., openings (5)) are used in one half of one variant and are not used in the other half of the body of the same variant. It also increases the body (1) unification, and therefore it simplifies technology of the device manufacturing. Such technical solution in combination with the content of indicated isotopes in the stated order is unknown from the preceding development of technology and in combination it creates the super effect not reducible to a simple sum of the effects of entering each feature separately.

[0103] The longitudinal section of the body (1) is also made close to elliptical with truncated tops (4) at the poles of the major axis to increase processibility of the device and to simplify assembly. Furthermore, execution of the body (1) in elliptic or close to elliptic form in the longitudinal and transversal sections improves operating conditions by enhancing compactness with simultaneous improvement of the heat-transfer agent convection conditions inside the body (1). The surfaces of poles (top and bottom facets of the body according to drawings) (4) contain through openings (5), into which the metal electrodes (6) are installed in the event of the electrode boiler. Any electric heaters also can be installed in these openings. For this variant, in the case of the electrode boiler, two electrodes are used, and each of the electrodes (6) contains one electric lead (7) connected to the one end of the electrode. Thus, the electrodes (6) are located predominantly in the interior of the body (1) opposite to each other. The second free end (8) of each electrode is inserted into the free opening (5) of the end (4) of each of the halves (2) and (3) of the body (1). The free space (9) may be filled with a compound, sealant or closed with a plug (10) (FIG. 1). Also it is possible sealing of the end (8) of the electrode (6) as a spline in the inner surface of the body (1), made in the form of a recession (11) (FIG. 28). It allows to prevent curving of electrodes (6), while the boiler is working under the influence of thermal and mechanical loads, and to eliminate completely the possibility of their short-circuiting. In turn, it significantly increases reliability of the device, compared to the known, and enables its usage with considerable mechanical perturbations, including permanent, such as shaking, acceleration, vibration, etc. It also extends the device functionality and increases its versatility, as it provides smooth operation in a mobile version directly on the move.

[0104] Each half (2), (3) of the body (1) contains the nozzle (12), which is made identical and is fixed in the same place at the end (4) of the body (1) and can be both an input, and output in the case of in-line heater. It also raises unification of the device. The body (1) may have one flat facet (13) to enhance serviceability and reliability of the device mounting on a flat surface such as on a wall. And the flat facet (13) can pass through the symmetry axis of the elliptical cross section of the body (1) (FIG. 3) and may not pass through it (FIG. 4).

[0105] As sub-option, the device body (1) may be formed as a whole not truncated ellipse in cross section, and may further comprise a support (14) (FIG. 5) to improve performance and reliability of the device mounting on a flat surface, such as a wall. However the support (14) is made in the shape of parallelepiped, one its bigger side is flat and is used for mounting. The second big side of the support (14) repeats the utmost the outer surface of the body (1) and is connected to it.

[0106] Variant 2

[0107] In the device on the variant 2 (FIG. 6-15) it is used the body (1) consisting of two contra-lateral identical halves (2) and (3), whose plastic material contains one or more isotopes according to the general variant of the device implementation. Its specifics are the use of a larger number of electrodes (6) than two in combination with the body material on the general variant of device performance. This allows to improve thermo-resistant and insulating properties of the body and to increase the number of electrodes more than two, using a sufficiently narrow body (1), which expands functionality of the device, increases its reliability and energy efficiency, as it allows the use the three-phase network, as well as enables the use of redundant backup auxiliary electrodes (6). Herewith the number of electrodes (6) may be either odd, e.g. for three-phase network (FIG. 6-10) or even (FIG. 11-15). In the case of in-line implementation of the device, it comprises the inlet and outlet nozzles (12), located identically on each half (2) and (3) of the body (1). However the electrodes (6) are located on one side of nozzles (12) and may be located on the same longitudinal axis, or may be shifted relatively to it, depending on needs and parameters of heat exchange. Also the configuration of electrodes on the surface of the upper and lower facets (4) of the body (1) may be any (FIG. 6-15). Sealing of the loose ends (8) of electrodes 6 can be performed similarly to variant 1.

[0108] Variant 3.

[0109] FIG. 16-19 show the view of the plastic hot water boiler configuration according to the variant 3 of the present invention implementation. The variant 3 includes signs of the general variant of the device implementation and relatively to the options 1 and 2 has the following particularities.

[0110] According to the variant 3, nozzles (12) for in-line boiler implementation are located along the central longitudinal axis of symmetry or close to it, and electrodes (6) of the device are located on both sides of nozzles (12). The number of electrodes (6) depends on specific destination of the device, and can vary from two or more. Also their number can be both even and odd. Location of electrodes inside the body 6 relatively to the orientation of their electrical leads (7) may be counter (FIG. 16), unidirectional or combined. It allows accommodating the device to the different variations of technological processes of its manufacturing. The proposed implementation in combination with composition of the body material used according to the proposed invention allows maximizing mechanical strength of the body, including increased resistance to internal pressure and consequently allows increasing reliability of the device.

[0111] Variant 4

[0112] The variant 4 of the device implementation can be further implemented in each previous variant. According to this variant, the caps (15) are installed on the upper and the lower facets (4) of the body (1); the lower part of caps is open. Caps (15) are mounted over the leads of the electrodes (7), so that they completely cover them, including unused openings (16), if any. In case the electrodes are located on both sides of the nozzles, on each upper and lower facet (4) of the body (1) two caps (15) can be used, each cup covers one group of electrodes (6) located on one side of the fitting (12). Each cap (15) is fixed to the upper or lower facet (4) of the body (1) via at least one rack (17), formed as a boss on each of the facets (4). Number of racks (17) may be more than one per one cap (15) (FIG. 24). Fixation of the cap (15) to the body (1) is done by the bolt (18), which passes through the opening in the top surface of the cap (15) and is wrapped into the rack (17). Each cap (15) contains on its upper surface the opening provided with the nozzle (19), through which electric wires (20) of power supply pass from leads (7) of the electrodes (6) (FIG. 25). The wires (20) may be fixed in the nozzle, e.g., sealed with sealant or compound, or corked. The presence of caps (15) allows protecting the electrode leads of the short circuit, pollution, flooding with water or other working fluids, etc. Moreover, caps (15) allow fixing the wires (20) to prevent displacement and their breaking off, particularly in the case of constant mechanical loads of vibration type. Each wire (20) is connected to the lead (7) of the electrode 6 via the terminal (28).

[0113] Both halves (2) and (3) of the body at the place of connection with each other have the flange (21) (FIG. 20, 25, 26, 27) located on the perimeter of the lower cut of the half of the body (1). When connecting the halves (2) and (3) to each other, the surfaces of flanges (21) of the halves (2) and (3) touch each other with matching the openings (22) in the flanges. In the slot (23) made in the flange of each half on the perimeter of the body (1) from the side of contiguous surfaces of flanges it is inserted the annular rubber gasket (24), for example, round in cross section (FIG. 27). Through holes (22) in the flanges (21) the bolts (25) pass, which with washers (26) and nuts (27) tighten the flanges (21) of the halves (2) and (3), and the rubber gasket (24) securely seals the body (1) (FIG. 20, 25).

[0114] Operation of the plastic hot water boiler in all variants is as follows.

[0115] The boiler can be used independently as pourable boiler, or it can be built in the open or circulating water heating system in any desired location, using nozzles (12). The heating system is filled with water, treated in a usual manner, adjusting its resistance and connecting leads (7) of electrodes (6) of the boiler via wires (20) located outside the body (1) and outputted through the nozzles (19) of protective caps (15). Wire connection is performed to the external electric circuit, single-phase or three-phase. Chilled water from heating radiators enters the body (1) of the boiler via the inlet nozzle (12), where it is heated by current passing through it between the electrodes (6). The heated water comes from the body (1) to consumers, such as heating radiators. Convective processes occurring in the body (1) of the boiler, when heating water between the electrodes (1), can be intentionally arranged by the proposed form of the body (1), the number of the electrodes (6), their mutual orientation and position in such a way that the boiler can serve as a circulating pump without any forced circulation of water in a closed system. The proposed possibility of the body material modification without changing its chemical properties considerably facilitates it, allowing selecting the optimal coefficients of linear and volumetric expansion, electrical resistivity and dielectric strength to be consistent with other elements of the boiler, both in static and dynamic modes of its operation.

REFERENCES

[0116] 1. Manas Chanda, Salil K. Roy Plastics Technology Handbook, Fourth Edition (Series: Plastics Engineering. Book 72). CRC Press; 4 edition. 2006. 896 pages. ISBN-13: 978-0849370397.