Abstract
Human used to get power from gas expansion in heat engine. Extraction of mechanic work from gaseous expansion is always low efficient, because circa 70% energy is hidden in the exhausted vapor in the form of latent heat and rejected or dumped out of cycle because the slow condensation may choke mass conservative looping. As liquid is hard to be compressed, power transmission can be reasonably assumed lossless, so harvesting mechanic power from liquid flow is high efficient. But historically it is rarely considered for how to form a powerful liquid flow in a typical gas-liquid dual-phase co-existed thermodynamic system, such as the most used Rankine-cycle heat engine. A new method or say Wei heat engine is invented that is based on a new defined Wei second class thermodynamic cycle. Such a new method converts thermal energy into high speed liquid flow during non-equilibrium condensation, though not too much efficient, as well as it jailbreaks the efficient limit of ideal Carnot cycle in an alternative way because the rejected heat is automatically reused to heat base liquid so as to reduce the consumption of heat source.
Based on the said liquid power heat engine, a series of modalities are disclosed, featuring a kaleidoscope of free energy, non-Stirling style external combustion, existing powerplant improving modification, immersed intra-cavitation combustion even with a variety of co-existing ammonia synthesis, and flue gas process with capture of combustion water vapor and carbon dioxide and NOx and sulfur dioxide.
Claims
1. A series of clean energy generation modalities which topology can be abstracted or sketched as any one figure amongst FIGS. 5, 6, 6a,9, 9a, and 10, notwithstanding different application orientation. 1.1. In addition to claim 1, all modalities of the said series commonly comprising ejector(s), waterwheel-style turbine, starting pump, evaporation basin, and buffering tank; and the power output terminal is the said thereof turbine. 1.2. Subdividedly to claim 1, the modalities showed in FIGS. 6a and 9a is oriented to freshwater production by a specific means of desalination expressed in the foregoing description and figures. 1.3. Optionally to claim 1, and/or a wind turbine and/or electric-field activator is preferably used to boost the evaporation speed, and the former drives the immersed stirrer(s) as well as the latter comprising high voltage supply and electrodes that are adequately deployed. 1.4. Optionally to claim 1, the regular sprawling evaporation basin can be replaced by a stacked evaporation-pan rack which topology is illustrated in FIG. 11, plus multiple choices such as flexible layer quantity, electric field boosting module, stirrer(s) driven by wind turbine, the plumber interface of pre-immersed heat exchanger array for external waste heat input, and mirrors for reflection of sunshine.
2. A series of modalities of external combustion engines which topology can be abstracted or sketched as any one figure amongst FIG. 8, 12, 12a, 12b plus the embedded version FIGS. 13, 13a, and 14, notwithstanding different application orientation. 2.1. In addition to claim 2, all modalities of the said series commonly comprising ejector(s), waterwheel-style turbine, evaporation basin, buffering tank, and combustor; and the power output terminal is the said thereof turbine. 2.2. Subdividedly to claim 2, the modality showed in FIG. 12a is oriented to freshwater production by a specific means of desalination expressed in the foregoing description and figure. 2.3. Subdividedly to claim 2, the modality showed in FIG. 12b is oriented to vacuum generation and retain by inserting dedicated ejector(s) which detail is expressed in the foregoing description and figure. 2.4. Subdividedly to claim 2, the modalities showed in FIGS. 13, 13a, and 14 is oriented to be embedded in the modification plan of existing powerplant or regular heat engine by a specific means of interfaces in the foregoing description and figures. In this subdivision, for the so-called simplest modality in FIG. 13a without a turbine as the only exception, the position of water return inlet of boiler features below water level to increase viscosity for inhibiting water hammer effect; as well as for the modalities in FIGS. 13 & 14, the position of water return inlet of boiler features above water level to decrease viscosity for saving energy consumption of water pump.
3. A series of modalities of flue gas process which topology can be abstracted or sketched as any one figure amongst FIGS. 15, 16, and 17, notwithstanding different objective orientation. 3.1. In addition to claim 3, all modalities of the said series commonly comprising ejector(s), waterwheel-style turbine, starting or boosting pump, hooded buffering tank(s), open pool(s), heat exchanger(s), and products transfer pump(s) or conveyor(s). The power output terminal is the said thereof turbine; and the heat output terminal is the said thereof heat exchanger that inlined in the hot jet flow pipeline. 3.2. In addition to claim 3, at least one ejector will be used as chemical reaction vessel that hosts the dedicated easy and quick non-equilibrium chemical reaction. 3.3. In addition to claim 3, as all prime reactions are exothermic and large amount heat can be generated, the dedicated heat output can be implemented by routing the hot jet flow to elsewhere heat energy consuming space via radiator(s). 3.4. In addition to claim 3, boosting pump should be fitted into the pipeline of motive flow to cope with the large scale flux of flue gas. 3.5. Subdividedly to claim 3, the modality illustrated in FIG. 15 is oriented to at least the purpose of capturing combustion-produced water vapor and its latent heat; additional purposes include capturing NO.sub.x and SO.sub.2 for pollution control; and the produced nitric acid and sulfur acid can be further refined for commercial products. The more detail is expressed in the foregoing description and figure. 3.6. Subdividedly to claim 3, modality illustrated in FIG. 16 is oriented to capture CO.sub.2 by means of reaction with lime with the last resultant: solid calcium carbonate, though a process of non-profitable then less motivation. Besides the said common components, also it comprises lime storage and attached feeding hopper, and agitator for making hydrated lime emulsion. The more detail is expressed in the foregoing description and figure. 3.7. Subdividedly to claim 3, modality illustrated in FIG. 17 is oriented to capture CO.sub.2 by hosting a parasitic soda factory; it works technically by the quasi Solvay process. Besides the said common components, also it comprises lime storage and attached feeding hopper, salt storage and attached feeding hopper, agitators for making hydrated lime emulsion & saturated salt aqua solution, ammonium chloride buffering tank, and compounds separation module. The more detail is expressed in the foregoing description and figure. 3.8. In addition to claim 3, the subdivision of H.sub.2O+NO.sub.x+SO.sub.2 sequestration process can be deployed sequentially ahead of any subdivision of CO.sub.2 sequestration process. In this sequence-process scenario, the previous processed flue gas is fed into the next process, and the last processed flue gas is the cleanest flue gas that mainly contains the neutral gas nitrogen N.sub.2, and then let it route to the chimney as the final emission.
4. A series of modalities of the immersed internal combustion engine which topology can be abstracted or sketched as any one figure amongst FIG. 19 for liquid fuel and FIG. 20 for gaseous fuel, and commonly comprise: ejector, waterwheel style turbine, buffering tank, water hydraulic pump, heat exchanger(s), and starter. Auxiliary or peripheral parts comprise ultrasonic generator, ultrasonic socket of the ejector, alternator or generator, and one or more batteries. 4.1. In addition to claim 4, an engine modality for liquid fuel version can be embodied, additionally comprising fuel tank, fuel pump, peculiar carburetor, and fuel mixer that a style of Venturi is recommended. Auxiliary or peripheral parts optionally comprise choke, throttle, fan-forced radiator and/or space heater, muffler. It features that the mixture of oxygen or air and fuel vapor is inducted into ejector by motive flow of uninflammable liquid then combustion bursts inside shockwave segment of ejector because of high temperature self-ignition caused by high compression of cavitation, and then power and heat combined generation can be harvested therein. 4.1.1. In addition to claim 4.1, to cope with the risk of freezing in winter, proper anti-freezer liquid should be added to the circulating fundamental liquid in a proper proportion to tune-up the desired freezing point temperature. The anti-freezer should not dissolve fuel so as not to degrade the power performance. 4.1.2. Optionally to claim 4.1, an ultrasonic vibration actuator can be immersed under fuel liquid inside the said peculiar carburetor, in order to atomize fuel or boost the fuel evaporation; and another ultrasonic vibration socket can be fitted to the shockwave segment of the said ejector if desire to promote the formation of cavitation cloud. 4.2. In addition to claim 4, an engine modality for special gaseous fuel version can be embodied with the 2.sup.nd purpose of important soluble gaseous or precipitating chemical production, e.g. ammonia synthesis, additionally comprising one or both of ultraviolet (UV) module and High Voltage immersed gas Discharge (HVD) module, feedback gas circuit of unused mixture (e.g. N.sub.2+H.sub.2) that bridges the sealed buffering tank and gas inlet of the ejector. Auxiliary or peripheral parts optionally comprise raw gases supply vessels (e.g. H.sub.2 & N.sub.2), valves, product transfer pump, water supply pump. It features that the mixture gases are partially pre-cracked by UV rays and/or the equivalent HVD into single atom state so as to in joint effort with the compression induced high temperature do facilitate the oncoming ignition in cavitation bubbles, as well as power and heat combined generation can be obtained in the ejector-hosted reactor. 4.3. If the gaseous-fuel-involved combustion can produce CO.sub.2 or other insoluble gaseous resultant(s), it should be automatically categorized into the sub-modality of the aforementioned claim 4.1the liquid fuel version, e.g. the fuel propane, because everywhere is same behind the carburetor for liquid fuel evaporation. More less-meaning features and options are expressed and indicated in the foregoing description and figure.
Description
ALL ASSOCIATED DRAWINGS LIST TABLE AND POSTSCRIPT
[0418] FIG. 1 The regular Rankine cycle
[0419] FIG. 2 Typical ejector construct and symbol
[0420] FIG. 3 Wei-II cycle engine rationale sketch with liquid motive flow
[0421] FIG. 4 Wei-II cycle engine rationale sketch with steam motive flow
[0422] FIG. 5 A clean energy or free energy engine based on Wei-II cycle
[0423] FIG. 6 A clean energy engine based on Wei-II cycle with electric field evaporation booster
[0424] FIG. 6a A clean energy engine with seawater-to-freshwater production based-on FIG. 6
[0425] FIG. 7 Electric field can promote evaporation rate (Asakawa Effect)
[0426] FIG. 8 An external combustion engine utilizing low pressure hydraulic motor
[0427] FIG. 9 A clean energy engine with turbine driven by flow of ballasted liquid in a tank
[0428] FIG. 9a A clean energy engine with seawater-to-freshwater production based on FIG. 9
[0429] FIG. 10 A clean energy engine with turbine driven by flow from high-rise water column
[0430] FIG. 11 Stacked evaporation-pan rack for increasing land use efficiency
[0431] FIG. 12 A compact fueled engine with turbine driven by flow of ballasted liquid
[0432] FIG. 12a A power plant with parasitic desalination freshwater plant based on FIG. 12
[0433] FIG. 12b A power plant with vacuum co-generation capacity based on FIG. 12
[0434] FIG. 13 A simple Wei-II cycle modification to regular power-plant with 2nd generator
[0435] FIG. 13a The simplest modification to Rankine cycle heat engine
[0436] FIG. 14 Another Wei-II cycle modification to regular power-plant with 2nd generator
[0437] FIG. 15 Wei-II cycle stage to claim water vapor in flue gas, and de-NOx & de-502
[0438] FIG. 16 Wei-II cycle stage to sequestrate carbon from flue gas by lime
[0439] FIG. 17 Wei-II cycle stage to sequestrate carbon from flue gas by quasi Solvay process
[0440] FIG. 18 Ejector working in condition of immersed internal combustion
[0441] FIG. 19 An immersed internal combustion engine based on Wei-II cycle
[0442] FIG. 20 An immersed combustion engine with ammonia synthesis production
POSTSCRIPT
[0443] Fluid pathway always prefers as smooth as possible, otherwise flowing resistance will be detrimental to system performance.
[0444] Although most pathways that are embodied in pipelines in above listed figures, appear in perpendicular angles, in fact, it should be understood that the real products can be smoothly curved with whatever means.
CLAIMS
[0445] The inventions are described and expressed in the well-illustrated modalities. All those contain key implementing methods and/or procedures, and may be embodied in other specific forms or consisted of different working medium configurations, even parameter configurations without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics.
[0446] As mentioned in the foregoing description block, the geometrical parameters of ejector are paramount in importance to system performance, though roughly chosen parameter settings may still work. The optimized parameters are always depending on those different embodiments. Recipe-like geometric parameters configuration can be reserved for further protection of the intelligent property as the second shield.
[0447] All the illustrated modalities and the embedded modalities as modification of existing heat engine include powerplant are claimed as the at least protected scopes, and therefore, the said modalities' respective schematic figures can be deemed as the topological fingerprints of the subject inventions.
[0448] Some figures come with embedded comments or remarks, and the said comments or remarks also make properties of the said metaphorical fingerprints.
[0449] Any embodiment which schematic topology substantially matches any of the said figures is deemed as falling in the protection scope, and of course, it is also matchable for any new derived variety based on herein modalities by any other party, or in other words, all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope.
[0450] The root invention is a generic Wei-II cycle heat engine.
[0451] As to the wording, hereinafter, and/or stands for 2 possibilities: AND logic and OR logic, that means either existence or non-existence is acceptable; if (s) is suffixed to a noun word, it means it can be ONE piece or a plurality of pieces.
[0452] Although many invention points are enlightened in the main body of description, as some of those are derived from other points in just one step higher hierarchic logic, so I only list and claim the top important inventions as follows:
