Computer-implemented system and method for generating waymarks

Abstract

A computer-implemented system and method for generating waymarks is provided. A database of waymarks is maintained. Each waymark is associated with a category. A new waymark is generated. Geospatial data defining a location, metadata describing a physical object associated with the location, and at least one photograph of the location are received from a user. The geospatial data, metadata, and photograph are complied as the new waymark. One of the categories is assigned to the new waymark. The new waymark is added to the database. A search option is provided for accessing the waymark by at least one of the location and category.

Claims

1. A computer-implemented system for generating waymarks, comprising: a database of waymarks each associated with a category; a waymark generator to generate a new waymark, comprising: geospatial data defining a location, metadata describing a physical object associated with the location and at least one photograph of the physical object at the location defined by the geospatial data; zone of influence data defining a logically-enclosed space that is overlaid on the location for the new waymark, wherein the physical object associated with the location is placed within the zone of influence; a compiler to compile the geospatial data, metadata, photograph, and zone of influence data as the new waymark; and a waymark module to assign one of the categories to the new waymark and to add the new waymark to the database; and a search module to provide a search option for accessing the waymark by at least one of the location and the category.

2. A system according to claim 1, further comprising: an ownership module to manage ownership control over the database.

3. A system according to claim 1, further comprising: a metadata structure module to structure the metadata for each waymark based on a hierarchy.

4. A system according to claim 1, further comprising: a search module to receive a query for one or more of the waymarks, to apply the query to the database of waymarks, and to return at least one of the waymarks that matches the query as results.

5. A system according to claim 4, further comprising: a display module to display each search result with a brief summary of the corresponding waymark and a link to access the waymark.

6. A system according to claim 1, further comprising: a search module to conduct a search for one or more of the waymarks via a search panel using at least one of the geospatial data and metadata.

7. A system according to claim 1, further comprising: a search module to conduct a search for one or more of the waymarks via a set of directories.

8. A system according to claim 7, wherein the directories are each presented as links to Web pages of individual categories.

9. A system according to claim 1, further comprising: a category module to add a new category or to edit at least one of the categories.

10. A system according to claim 1, further comprising: a waymark structure module to structure the waymarks by defining each of the categories, comprising: a variable module to associate one or more variables with each of the categories; and an attribute module to define attributes for the variables.

11. A computer-implemented method for generating waymarks, comprising: maintaining a database of waymarks each associated with a category; generating a new waymark, comprising: receiving from a user, geospatial data defining a location, metadata describing a physical object associated with the location and at least one photograph of the physical object at the location defined by the geospatial data; receiving zone of influence data defining a logically-enclosed space that is overlaid on the location for the new waymark, wherein the physical object associated with the location is placed within the zone of influence; compiling the geospatial data, metadata, photograph, and zone of influence data as the new waymark; assigning one of the categories to the new waymark; and adding the new waymark to the database; and providing a search option for accessing the waymark by at least one of the location and category.

12. A method according to claim 11, further comprising: managing ownership control over the database.

13. A method according to claim 11, further comprising: structuring the metadata for each waymark based on a hierarchy.

14. A method according to claim 11, further comprising: receiving a query for one or more of the waymarks; applying the query to the database of waymarks; and returning at least one of the waymarks that matches the query as results.

15. A method according to claim 14, further comprising: displaying each search result with a brief summary of the corresponding waymark and a link to access the waymark.

16. A method according to claim 11, further comprising: conducting a search for one or more of the waymarks via a search panel using at least one of the geospatial data and metadata.

17. A method according to claim 11, further comprising: conducting a search for one or more of the waymarks using a set of directories.

18. A method according to claim 17, wherein wherein the directories are each presented as links to Web pages of individual categories.

19. A method according to claim 11, further comprising at least one of: adding a new category; and editing at least one of the categories.

20. A method according to claim 11, further comprising: structuring the waymarks by defining each of the categories, comprising: associating one or more variables with each of the categories; and defining attributes for the variables.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing, by way of example, collection of geospatial data and metadata at a waymark.

(2) FIG. 2 is a map diagram showing, by way of example, zones of influence overlaid on the waymark of FIG. 1.

(3) FIG. 3 is a functional block diagram showing an on-line geospatial data compilation and collaboration environment, in accordance with one embodiment.

(4) FIG. 4 is a data diagram showing a data hierarchy for use in the environment of FIG. 3.

(5) FIG. 5 is a data diagram showing a metadata hierarchy for use in the environment of FIG. 3.

(6) FIG. 6 is a Venn diagram showing ownership and control over the database of FIG. 3.

(7) FIG. 7 is a process flow diagram showing waymark category creation and ad hoc compilation of geospatial data for on-line collaboration in the environment of FIG. 3.

(8) FIG. 8 is a screen shot showing, by way of example, a Web page for navigating a set of directories of waymarks.

(9) FIG. 9 is a screen shot showing, by way of example, a Web page for editing a category of waymarks.

(10) FIG. 10 is a screen shot showing, by way of example, a Web page for viewing category variables.

(11) FIG. 11 is a screen shot showing, by way of example, a Web page for editing category variables.

(12) FIG. 12 is a screen shot showing, by way of example, a Web page for ad hoc searching of waymarks.

(13) FIG. 13 is a screen shot showing, by way of example, a Web page for viewing search results.

(14) FIG. 14 is a screen shot showing, by way of example, a Web page for a set of log entries regarding waymarks.

(15) FIG. 15 is a functional block diagram showing a system for facilitating ad hoc compilation of geospatial data for on-line collaboration, in accordance with one embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Geospatial Data and Metadata Collection

(16) In general, waymarks associate metadata about people, places, and things with geospatial data, although other types of geospatial data associations are possible. FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing, by way of example, collection 10 of geospatial data 16 and metadata 17 at a waymark location 14. An individual 11, such as a traveler or local resident, decides to create a waymark 18 for a particular location 14. A waymark 18 is an unstructured cache of information that includes metadata and geolocational data, such as GPS coordinates. The metadata includes digitally-storable information that can be used to describe or be associated with some physical object, such as narrative text containing comments, ratings, physical characteristics, construction, color, dimensions, and so forth, images, sound, video, and other forms of data or any combinations thereof. Other types of metadata are possible. As used herein, the terms geospatial and geolocational are interchangeable and imply the same meanings. In addition, the physical object described or associated using a waymark 18 can be a place, such as location 14, or any other kind of physical object, including people and things, that can be associated with geolocational data. The physical object need not be stationary nor earthbound. Rather, a physical object could be moving or be temporarily still and could be found on the land, water, air, under ground, above ground, or in space. Other types of physical objects and spatial orientations are possible.

(17) Conveniently, the individual 11 is carrying a GPS receiver 12 and a digital camera 13. The individual 11 uses the GPS receiver 12 to receive geospatial data 16 from a GPS system 15, which can include conventional out-of-doors GPS signals, as well as repeated GPS signals configured to be received indoors or from stationary beacons providing GPS-like signals from a stationary permanent position. Other types of geospatial data sources are possible. The geospatial data 16 includes, for instance, latitude, longitude, altitude, and precision, which can be used to identify the global location of location 14. Other types of geospatial data are possible. The GPS receiver 12 could be a standalone device or integrated into a consumer electronic device, such as a cellular telephone, wireless personal data assistant, automobile navigation system, or other GPS-enabled device.

(18) The individual 11 also uses the digital camera 13 to take a digital picture of the physical object, such as a lighthouse, appearing at the location 14. The digital picture can be associated with the geospatial data 16 as metadata 17. Other types of devices either in lieu of or in addition to a digital camera 17, such as a personal data assistant or notebook computer, audio or video recorder, film camera, or any other type of device capable of fixing an expression describing or regarding the physical object in a tangible medium is possible. The geospatial data 16 and metadata 17 together form the waymark 18, which can be compiled into a sharable on-line database of geospatial data with an exportable schema, as further described below beginning with reference to FIG. 3.

(19) Zones of Influence

(20) In a further embodiment, the location 14 of a physical object described by a waymark 18 can be placed within a zone of influence. FIG. 2 is a map diagram 20 showing, by way of example, zones of influence 22, 23, 24 overlaid on the waymark location 14 of FIG. 1. A zone of influence is stored geolocational data that forms a logically-enclosed physical space. Zones of influence can be defined in mutually exclusive, overlapping, and encapsulating or nested arrangements of various shapes and sizes, both immediately about or proximal to a particular waymark location 14. In addition, events can be logically linked to one or more of the zones of influence and can be triggered based on locational, temporal, and independent conditions, such as described in commonly-assigned U.S. Pat. No. 6,691,032 to Irish et al. on Feb. 10, 2004, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference.

(21) As an example, the neighborhood areas 21 proximal to the waymark location 14 can be surveyed to identify those physical areas around which zones of influence could be defined to supplement the waymark 18. For instance, the immediate area surrounding the waymark location 14, such as a lighthouse park, could be logically defined as a first zone of influence 22. Similarly, a nearby waterfront beach area could be logically defined as another zone of influence 23. Finally, a public playground that includes baseball diamonds could be logically enclosed in a further zone of influence 24.

(22) On-Line Geospatial Data Compilation and Collaboration Environment

(23) Waymarks associate geospatial data 16 and metadata 17, which can be shared by an on-line community of users. FIG. 3 is a functional block diagram showing an on-line geospatial data compilation and collaboration environment 30, in accordance with one embodiment. Shared waymarks 33 are centrally stored in a database 32 with an exportable schema 34 managed by a server 31. In addition, the server 31 allows users to log their personal interactions with the physical objects described by or associated with waymarks 33 and publishes the waymarks 33 for on-line collaboration, as further described below with reference to FIG. 15.

(24) On-line users can access the server 31 over an internetwork 37, such as the Internet, to compile new waymarks 33 into the database 32 and to collaborate and share their personal experiences. To facilitate user navigation and searching, the waymarks 33 and the metadata 17 are organized into data and metadata hierarchies, as further described below respectively with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5. The structuring of the database 32 and the waymarks 33 stored in the database 32 together form waymarking data.

(25) In addition, the server 31 provides ownership controls over the database 32 for each creator client 35, Client.sub.C, owner client 36, Client.sub.O, and user client 37, Client.sub.U, as further described below with reference to FIG. 6. The clients 35, 36, 37 form the user community having direct management over and access to the waymarks 33. The clients 35, 36, 37 are not necessarily separate computer systems, but are logically identified as separate ownership entities that affect the types of operations that can be performed on the database 32. Other types of ownership entities are possible.

(26) Finally, the server 31 exports a schema 34 to describe and validate the waymarks 33 and to enable other applications, such as executing on a third party client 38, Client.sub.T, to access and download the waymarking data. In providing the schema 34, the server 31 functions as a toolbox that facilitates distributed on-line sharing of ad hoc geospatial data. Waymark schemas can be dynamically created based on the variables and attributes for a particular waymark category or subcategory. For example, a schema for a lighthouses category could contain DateBuilt and Color variables, whereas a schema for a factory tours category could contain Produces and HoursOfOperation variables. Other types of waymark schemas are possible.

(27) Data Hierarchy

(28) The structure for storing the waymarks 33 is organized into a hierarchy that can form the exportable schema. FIG. 4 is a data diagram showing a data hierarchy 40 for use in the environment 30 of FIG. 3. When posted into the database 32, the data hierarchy 40 facilitates efficient user navigation and searching and provides control over ownership permissions.

(29) In one embodiment, a set of top level directories 41 are used to root separate data hierarchies 40 for topical groupings of waymarks. For example, the directories 41 could include people, places, and things. Other directories are possible. Within each directory 41, one or more categories 42 and, optionally, one or more successive layers of subcategories 43 can be added to narrow down the specific topical grouping of the waymarks. For example, a places directory could have categories and subcategories for countries, states or provinces, cities, and neighborhoods. Other categories and subcategories are possible.

(30) The waymarks 44 are stored under appropriate categories 42 or, if provided, subcategories 43, to form the leaves of the data hierarchy 40. Other types of organizations for storing the waymarks in addition to or in lieu of a hierarchy, including linked lists and relational structures, are possible.

(31) Finally, the data hierarchy forms an exportable schema 45, which can be exported as a portable data definition schema implemented, for example, as an XML Schema Definition (XSD), to describe and validate the waymarking data for use in a portable, such as XML, environment. Using the schema 45, third party applications can read and download the waymarks 44 in a structured format in which the waymarks 44 are exposed and accessed using the portable data definition schema. Other types of schema definitions and structured formats either in addition to or in lieu of XSD and XML are possible.

(32) Metadata Hierarchy

(33) The structure for storing the metadata 17 assigned to each particular form of waymark 44 is also organized into a hierarchy. FIG. 5 is a data diagram showing a metadata hierarchy 50 for use in the environment 30 of FIG. 3. Metadata 17 is unstructured and can be uniquely defined for each particular category or subcategory 51. One or more variables 52 can be associated with each particular category or subcategory 51 and each variable 52 is assigned one or more attributes 53 that describe the type of data storable under the variable 52. For example, a variable for color could have attributes specifying color choices, such as red, green, and blue. Nested variables are possible. In addition, the variables 52 can be inherited by child objects from parent categories or subcategories 51. In a further embodiment, the metadata hierarchy can be included in the schema 45, described above with reference to FIG. 4, for the waymarking data. Other types of organizations for storing the metadata in addition to or in lieu of a hierarchy are possible.

(34) Geospatial Data Ownership and Control

(35) The ownership of categories 42, subcategories 43, and variables 52 can be controlled by the server 31. FIG. 6 is a Venn diagram 60 showing ownership and control over the database 32 of FIG. 3. Categories 42, subcategories 43, and variables 52 can only be created by a single creator 61, which can be a logical group of one or more people. However, the ownership over the category or subcategory, which includes the ability to modify or remove schema properties, can be transferred to another single creator 61 to ensure, for instance, that the characteristics of each category or subcategory remain well-structured and suitable for collaborative use. Individual owners 62 can create, change, and remove specific instances of waymarks 44, but, unless also a creator 61, cannot alter the underlying schema employed for the corresponding category or subcategory. In addition, the roles of creator 61, owner 62, and user 63 can be mutually exclusive or overlapping. For example, a user 63 could simultaneously be the creator 61 and owner 62 for the same object. Other types of ownership and control schemes are possible.

(36) Process for On-Line Collaboration

(37) On-line collaboration of waymarks 44 occurs as an on-going and continuously evolving process. FIG. 7 is a process flow diagram showing waymark category creation and ad hoc compilation 70 of geospatial data 33 for on-line collaboration in the environment 30 of FIG. 3. In one embodiment, the use of a hierarchy to structure the organization of waymarks 44 and metadata 17 implies a specific ordering of operations to facilitate waymark sharing.

(38) During waymark category creation, categories 42 and subcategories 43 are first defined (operation 71) to set up the basic structuring for waymark storage under the directories 41. One or more variables 52 can be associated with specific categories 42 or subcategories 43 (operation 72). Similarly, attributes 53 are defined for each of the variables 52 (operation 73). As the metadata 17 is unstructured, the variables 52 and attributes 53 are defined to channel the kinds of information submitted into ad hoc classes of information. Finally, the waymark categories 42 and subcategories 43 are published on-line (operation 74), which allow the user community access to post new waymarks 44 in those categories and subcategories. In one embodiment, the waymarks are published through a Web-based user interface, as further described below beginning with reference to FIG. 8.

(39) During ad hoc compilation, the user community can post waymarks 33 (operation 75) and create log entries concerning the waymarks (operation 76), as further described below respectively with reference to FIGS. 13 and 14. Waymarks 33 are posted by navigating or searching through the categories and subcategories and entering or editing geospatial data 16 and metadata 17 for the selected waymark 33. Log entries are similarly created navigating or searching through the categories and subcategories to a particular waymark 33 and entering or editing a log entry, which can include narrative text, a rating, further metadata, and other information. Other types of process flows are possible, as would be implied in part by the form of data organization implemented for the waymarks 44 and metadata 17.

(40) Example Web Pages

(41) A standardized Web-based user interface allows on-line clients 35, 36, 37 that are executing Web browsers to manage, navigate, and search the waymarks. FIG. 8 is a screen shot 80 showing, by way of example, a Web page 81 for navigating a set of directories 82 of waymarks 44. To facilitate navigation in an outline format, the set of directories 82 are presented as links to Web pages of individual categories. In addition, the set of directories presented can be refined by applying a filter 83 to limit scope.

(42) A creator 61 can edit their own categories. FIG. 9 is a screen shot 90 showing, by way of example, a Web page 91 for editing a category 92 of waymarks. The creator 61 can edit the category to modify the properties that are displayed to waymark owners 62 and users 63. Other options 93 could be available, for instance, to add variables, manage the category, transfer ownership, and view variables.

(43) Similarly, a creator 61 can manage the variables currently defined for a particular category. FIG. 10 is a screen shot 100 showing, by way of example, a Web page 101 for viewing category variables 102. In one embodiment, a summary of each variable 102 is provided and includes a link 103 to Web pages for editing the attributes of the variable. Further options 104 could be available, for instance, to add new variables, edit the category, manage categories, and transfer ownership of the category.

(44) As well, a creator 61 can edit the variables for each category. FIG. 11 is a screen shot 110 showing, by way of example, a Web page 111 for editing category variables 112. Depending upon the type of variable, a set of required attributes 112 and permissive set of options 113 can be provided to define the types of information that can be stored as metadata under the variable. For example, a variable for a lighthouse color could be provided as a dropdown list that includes four colors. Additional colors can also be defined and the entry of an answer by a user 63 can be specified as being mandatory or optional. Other types of variable attribute modifications and organizations are possible.

(45) A user 63 can select a directory link to view the Web page for a particular category or subcategory. FIG. 12 is a screen shot 120 showing, by way of example, a Web page 121 for ad hoc searching of waymarks 122. A capsule summary 122 of the category or subcategory selection is displayed, which can include a set of links for any subcategories. In one embodiment, waymarks 44 can be searched directly thorough a search panel 123 that accepts geolocations, such as postal code, state, or country, as well as coordinates. In a further embodiment, the ability to search on metadata within variables can also be included, such as by color or other metadata variables. Additional options 124 could be available, for instance, to record a new waymark under the category, add a new category, or edit an existing category.

(46) Searching via the search panel 123 generates a set of search results. FIG. 13 is a screen shot 130 showing, by way of example, a Web page 131 for viewing search results 132. By default, the search results 132 are presented in a list format 132 that provides a brief synopsis of each waymark and a link to access the waymark, including any metadata. Additional options 133 could be available, for instance, to record a new category, add a new category, or edit an existing category.

(47) Users 63 can view a particular waymark 44 and can submit commentary via a log. FIG. 14 is a screen shot 140 showing, by way of example, a Web page 141 for a set of log entries 142 regarding waymarks. The log entries are presented in a list format 142 and can include additional information, such as narrative text, a rating, further metadata, and other information. Log entries can be edited by the author of the entry and viewed by all other users.

(48) In a further embodiment, a discussion forum relating to a certain location that is identified by geolocational data can be provided. The location can be free form, that is, the location need not be nearby or containing a waymark, nor, in a further embodiment, be within a zone of influence. For example, a user could start a location-based discussion regarding an object on, around, or near a popular landmark, such as a park. Other users wanting to find discussions close to their own location, or any other location, can search for topics based on that location to find related discussions, including filtering log entries 142 by location and waymark category, as well as other parameters, and by using other types of searches. Thus, another user at a nearby university, for instance, who is searching for topics relating to locations around the university might also find the discussion regarding the park, in addition to other discussions relating to locations that are within their specified search radius.

(49) System for On-Line Collaboration

(50) The waymarks are centrally stored in a database managed by a server. FIG. 15 is a functional block diagram showing a system 150 for facilitating ad hoc compilation of geospatial data 33 for on-line collaboration, in accordance with one embodiment. The server 150 executes a sequence of programmed process steps, such as described above with reference to FIG. 7, implemented, for instance, on a programmed digital computer system.

(51) A server 151 is interfaced to a database 158 that stores waymarks 159. Each waymark 159 includes geolocational data 160, metadata 161, and the set of log entries 162. The server 151 provides a user interface 157 to the user community. In one embodiment, the user interface 157 is provided as a Web-based interface that can be viewed using a Web browser. Other types of user interfaces are possible.

(52) The server 151 includes a manager 152, logger 153, publisher 154, and, in a further embodiment, a forum moderator 172. The manager 152 processes additions, edits, and deletions to the exportable schema 171, including directories 163, categories 164, subcategories 165, variables 166, and attributes 167. The manager 152 also controls the permissions granted to creators 168, owners 169, and users 170. In a further embodiment, the manager 152 processes the logical placement of physical objects described by waymarks 159 within zones of influence 173.

(53) The logger 153 allows users 63 to create and view log entries 162 for waymarks 159. The log entries 162 are similar to personal blogs, except the overall environment 30 is centrally managed through the server 151. The log entries 162 create a location-based discussion forum that links geolocational data with forum discussions and which can be filtered by both location and waymark category, as well as other parameters.

(54) The publisher 154 provides access to the waymarks 159 to the user community on-line via the user interface 157. The publisher 154 includes a searcher 155 and navigator 156 for respectively searching and navigating through the waymark data hierarchy and waymark data. Other functionality could be provided in the server 151 either in addition to or in lieu of the foregoing components.

(55) In a further embodiment, the forum moderator 172 facilitates location-based discussions 174 relating to locations identified by geolocational data. The locations can be free form and need not be nearby or containing a waymark 159, nor, in a further embodiment, be within a zone of influence 173.

(56) While the invention has been particularly shown and described as referenced to the embodiments thereof, those skilled in the art will understand that the foregoing and other changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.