Device for detecting elevations and/or depressions on bottles, in particular in a labeling machine

Abstract

A device for detecting elevations and/or depressions on bottles, in particular in a labeling machine, the device comprising a lighting unit with a light screen for generating a light reflection on a bottle to be examined and at least one camera for detecting the light reflection. By areas of varying luminance being formed on the light screen, molding seams can be reliably detected over a large area of the bottle wall and embossings can be located in various rotational positions of the bottle. The invention also relates to a method for applying the device.

Claims

1. An inspection device for detecting elevations and/or depressions on bottles, in particular in a labeling machine, comprising: a lighting unit with a light screen for generating a light reflection on a bottle to be examined; at least one camera for imaging the bottle and the light reflection, the bottle specularly reflecting the light from the light screen so that the light reflection from the bottle constitutes a distorted image of the light screen; a transport means moving the bottle through an image-recording area of the camera; and a rotating support arranged on the transport means for fixing the bottle on the support and for rotating the bottle into predetermined rotational positions; the light screen comprising areas of varying brightness, and being embodied as one or more of: at least one light source and a diffusion screen having areas of varying light transmission, at least one light source and foil having areas of varying light transmission, and a matrix of light sources emitting light at different levels of brightness, wherein the transition between the areas of varying brightness across the light screen is a gradual transition corresponding to a waved pattern, the areas of varying brightness alternating in a horizontal direction with respect to the bottle.

2. The inspection device according to claim 1, wherein the areas of varying brightness are arranged in a stripe pattern.

3. The inspection device according to claim 2, characterized in that the stripe pattern comprises two to four dark stripes.

4. The inspection device according to claim 1, wherein the light screen comprises at least one foil in and/or on which the areas of varying brightness are formed.

5. The inspection device according to claim 4, wherein the lighting unit comprises at least one light source, the light screen further comprises a diffusion screen, and the foil is arranged between the light source and the diffusion screen.

6. The inspection device according to claim 1, wherein the light screen has the shape of a funnel opened towards the bottle.

7. The inspection device according to claim 1, wherein the camera is inclined towards the bottom of the bottle and its optical axis includes an angle (a) of maximally 80 with the main axis of the bottle.

8. The inspection device according to claim 1, further comprising: a calculation unit for evaluating the detected reflection, for locating the elevations and/or depressions, and for determining an actual rotational position (.sub.I) of the bottle.

9. The inspection device of claim 1, wherein at least one camera captures an image of the bottle to be examined and the light reflection, and wherein the transition between the areas of varying brightness across the light screen causes the light reflection to have areas of gradual transitions of brightness in the horizontal direction to facilitate band pass filtering as the image is evaluated.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) Preferred embodiments are represented in the drawing and will be illustrated below. In the drawings:

(2) FIG. 1 shows a schematic plan view onto a first embodiment, seen through the cutting plane C-C of FIG. 2;

(3) FIG. 2 shows a schematic side view of the first embodiment, seen through the cutting plane A-A of FIG. 1;

(4) FIG. 3 shows a schematic front view of the first embodiment, seen through the cutting plane B-B of FIG. 1;

(5) FIG. 4 shows a schematic representation of a camera image with a light reflection for detecting elevations or depressions, respectively, on a bottle to be examined;

(6) FIG. 5 shows a schematic plan view onto a second embodiment, seen through the cutting plane E-E of FIG. 6; and

(7) FIG. 6 shows a schematic side view of the second embodiment, seen through the cutting plane D-D of FIG. 5.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

(8) As can be seen in FIGS. 1 and 2, the inspection device 1 according to the disclosure comprises three cameras 3, each having an image area 3a indicated by a dashed line, for imaging a bottle 7 passing the cameras 3 on a rotating transport means 5 (see arrow G). The cameras 3 are integrated in a lighting unit 9 with a funnel-shaped light screen 11, several lamps 13 and a safety screen 14. The bottle 7 is held upright and centered with respect to the main axis 7a of the bottle 7 by a rotating support 6, such as a motor-driven rotary table with a lowerable centering device. Supports 6 for further bottles 7 for examining a continuous stream of bottles are indicated in a dotted line. The drive of the supports 6 is not represented and is symbolized by arrow F.

(9) The light screen 11 comprises a diffusion screen 15, such as an opal glass screen or a translucent plastic screen, on its side facing the bottle 7, and a foil 17 printed with a colorant 19 in sections of varying intensities on its side facing the lamps 13. The layer thickness of the colorant 19 is represented in the figures in a highly exaggerated way for a better understanding, where areas of a great layer thickness correspond to areas of low luminance and vice-versa. The light transmission of the colorant 19 repeatedly varies in the horizontal direction along the light screen 11, so that on the light screen 11, dark areas 21a with a low level of luminance alternate with bright areas 21b with a high level of luminance in the horizontal direction. The transition of the luminance from the dark areas 21a to the bright areas 21b and vice-versa is gradual. It becomes clear in particular from the parallel perspective of FIG. 3 that the areas 21a,b of varying luminance form an essentially vertically oriented stripe pattern 21 on the light screen 11.

(10) As can be further seen in FIG. 1, the lighting unit 9 comprises lateral mirrors 22 which are preferably embodied as mirror foils attached to a transparent mirror body 22a. These reflect light 28 emitted from the light screen 11 towards the bottle 7.

(11) According to FIG. 2, the cameras 3 are inclined towards the bottom of the bottle 7b, its optical axis 3b including an angle of maximally 80 with the main axis 7a of the bottle. Here, the camera 3 views through a camera port 23 in the light screen 11 diagonally downwards onto the transitional area of the shoulder of the bottle 7c with the cylindrical section 7d of the bottle 7. Thus, with the camera 3, one obtains the camera image 25 with the light reflection 27 schematically represented in FIG. 4, which is a reflected image of the light screen 11 distorted by the bottle 7. The dark or bright stripes 27a,b of the light reflection 27 here essentially correspond to the areas 21a,b of the stripe pattern 21.

(12) The reflection 27 contains additional dark and bright stripes 27a and 27b, respectively, which correspond to the areas 21a,b reflected at the mirrors 22. This proportion of the reflection 27 reflected at the mirrors 22 is schematically indicated by the ray of light 28 in FIG. 1. The number of reflected stripes 27a and 27b in the reflection 27 depends on the dimensioning of the lighting unit 9 and the distance between the light screen 11 and the bottle 7. If this distance would be successively increased in the example, the lateral edges of the reflection 27 would migrate inwards, and first the outer stripes 27b, then the adjacent stripes 27a would be cut out of the reflection 27.

(13) In FIG. 4, a molding seam 7e and an embossing 7f are moreover shown which are embodied like a relief and/or as a depression on the bottle 7. Camera images 25 taken in various rotational positions , e.g. at distances of 30 each, are evaluated in a (non-depicted) calculation unit 29 to locate the molding seam 7e and/or the embossing 7f, and in this manner determine an actual rotational position .sub.I of the bottle 7. Normally, the bottle surface 7c, 7d is completely laid out in front of the cameras 3 for doing so.

(14) In the camera image 25, the contours of the molding seam 7e and the embossing 7f appear sharply defined, e.g. as bright lines on the dark stripes 27a,a or as dark lines on the bright stripes 27b,b. In contrast, the transitions between the stripes 27a,a,b,b are gradual like the transitions between the areas 21a,b of the stripe pattern 21. This supports band-pass filtering in the evaluation of the camera image 25 for distinguishing between the contours of the molding seam 7e or the embossing 7f and the stripes 27a,a,b,b. The stripes 27a,a,b,b of the reflection 27 are perspectively distorted with respect to the areas 21a,b of the light screen and appear to be compressed due to the essentially cylindrical shape of the bottle 7 in the horizontal direction.

(15) The number of dark stripes 27a,a in the reflection 27 is preferably three to eight. Thereby, the molding seams 7c and embossings 7d can be equally well detected. Depending on the number of dark areas 21a reflected at the mirrors 22 and utilizable in the reflection 27, the number of the areas 21a of the light screen 11 is preferably one to eight, in a particularly advantageous further development of the disclosure two to four. However, the device is not restricted to the respective above mentioned number of dark stripes 27a,a or 21a.

(16) To be able to detect the molding seam 7e as reliably as possible, the stripes 27a,a,b,b are oriented essentially in parallel to the molding seam 7e. However, it is also possible to orient the stripes 27a,a,b,b diagonally with respect to the molding seam 7e, e.g. at an angle of up to 10. This improves the molding seam detection in the center of the camera image 25. In such a case, the areas 21a,b must be correspondingly disposed obliquely on the light screen 11, e.g. at angles of up to 10 with respect to the vertical.

(17) An essentially vertically oriented stripe pattern 21 means that on an upright bottle 7, the stripe pattern 21 generates a reflection 27 with stripes 27a,a,b,b oriented essentially in parallel to the molding seam 7e or the main axis 7a of the bottle 7. In a deviating examination position, the orientation of the stripe pattern 21 on the light screen 11 would have to be adapted correspondingly.

(18) In general, it is possible to provide other brightness distributions on the light screen 11, e.g. essentially horizontally oriented stripe patterns or ring patterns, to be able to particularly reliably detect specially shaped elevations and/or depressions on the bottle 7.

(19) The cameras 3 are inclined such that not only large areas of the molding seam 7e can be observed in a camera image 25. Moreover, the reflection 27 is then particularly suited for detecting embossings 7f in the shoulder area 7c of the bottle. Depending on the bottle shape, the angle can be, for example, 30 to 80, but also 80 to 90, if required. The reflection 27 preferably completely includes the embossing 7f in the vertical direction, so that it can be reliably detected in various rotational positions of the bottle 7.

(20) For an uncomplicated adjustment of the inspection device 1 to different bottle types and/or structures 7e,f to be detected, in particular for the height adjustment of the reflection 27, the lighting unit 9 is preferably embodied to be height adjustable.

(21) The device 1 according to the disclosure can be equipped with several cameras 3, of which the image-recording areas 3a overlap laterally, so that the bottle 7 passing the cameras 3 is imaged in various, predetermined rotational positions across its complete periphery while it is simultaneously rotated on the support 6. The number of cameras 3 is not restricted to the shown example. Preferably, the distance between the cameras 3 is minimal to ensure as standardized imaging conditions as possible.

(22) The light screen 11 is funnel-shaped and its surface is as large as possible to receive a reflection 27 as large as possible which smoothly passes from the cylindrical part 7d of the bottle 7 to the shoulder of the bottle 7. Thereby, the number of camera images 25 required for a reliable inspection of the bottle 7 can be minimized.

(23) The light screen 11 and the foil 17 consist of several, preferably flat segments. This permits an easy integration of the printed foils 17 into the light screen 11. However, the light screen 11 could also be formed in one piece and/or comprise curved surfaces, such as ellipsoid segments.

(24) The gradual transition of the luminance from the areas 21a to the areas 21b and vice-versa preferably corresponds to a waved pattern, for example a sinusoid.

(25) The colorant 19 can be printed on any side of the foil 17, or else on both sides of the foil 17. It is also possible to incorporate the colorant into the foil 17. It is also conceivable to apply the colorant 19 directly onto the side of the diffusion screen 15 facing the lamp 13. The use of a foil 17, however, is advantageous in that one can easily change between various stripe patterns 21 to adapt the device to certain bottle shapes and/or structures on the bottle surface.

(26) Advantageously, the colorant 19 primarily has an optical absorption effect to form the areas 21a with a low level of luminance. However, it would also be possible to form the areas 21b with a high level of luminance by means of a fluorescent colorant 19. The areas 21a,b could also be formed by a combination of absorbing and/or fluorescent colorants 19.

(27) The light sources 13 are e.g. LED background lamps. However, other types of lamps can also be used. The arrangement of the light sources 13 is not restricted to the example in FIGS. 1 and 2. It is also possible to only use one light source 13 in the lighting unit 9.

(28) As an alternative, the dark and bright areas 21a,b could be generated by an illumination of the light screen 11 of varying brightness in sections. To this end, the light sources 13 could be embodied as LED matrix of which the LED elements emit light at different levels of brightness. Depending on the number and size of the elements, these would have to be arranged at a suited distance to the diffusion screen 15, so that a smoothed illumination pattern 21 with gradual brightness transitions is formed. With this variant, different patterns 21 could also be generated without any modifications.

(29) The lighting unit 9 preferably comprises reflecting or highly backscattering inner walls 9a, such as they are known, for example, from Ulbricht spheres, to increase light efficiency and/or ensure a uniform illumination of the light screen 11.

(30) This improves the quality of the camera images with short exposure times. For this purpose, the lighting unit can also be provided with additional mirrors and/or backscattering dividing walls (not shown). The screen 14 protects the lighting unit 9 from soiling, however, it is not imperative.

(31) The transparent mirror body 22a, in particular in cooperation with reflecting or backscattering inner walls 9a, causes the light screen 11 to be illuminated from different directions, and thus with an optimally uniform brightness, even in the transitional area to the mirrors 22. Thereby, dark, sharply defined lines are avoided at the transition from the light screen 11 to the mirror 22 and in the corresponding areas of the reflection 27, respectively.

(32) The transport means 5 is preferably a transport carousel as indicated in FIGS. 1 and 2. However, it could also be linear or curved. The senses of rotation F and G of the support 6 and of the transport means 5 are preferably identical, but they could also be contradirectional.

(33) Hereinafter, a second embodiment will be described which essentially differs from the first embodiment by an alternative funnel shape of the light screen 11 and by no lateral mirrors 22 being provided. If nothing to the contrary is stated, the other features correspond to those of the first embodiment and are therefore not described again, and some of them are not provided with reference numerals in FIGS. 5 and 6.

(34) As one can see in FIG. 5, the light screen 11 of the second embodiment has a funnel shape also in the plan view. It can be formed, for example, of five flat segments 11a-e which each face an examination position of the bottle 7 within the image-recording area 3a. In the second embodiment, the areas 21a,b are not only embodied on the central segments 11b,d,e, but also on the lateral segments 11a,c. Therefore, the reflection 27 shown in FIG. 4 also results when the bottle 7 is irradiated, wherein, however, the stripes 27a,b of the first embodiment generated by reflection at the mirrors 22 are replaced in the second embodiment by further stripes 27a,b generated by means of direct irradiation of the bottle 7. Correspondingly, the preferred number of dark areas 21a of the light screen 11 is three to eight in the second embodiment.

(35) The dark and bright areas 21a,b can be inclined to varying degrees with respect to the vertical, depending on the design of the light screen 11, so that essentially vertically oriented stripes 27a,b result in the reflection 27. In the front view, the stripes 21a and/or 21b preferably include an angle of maximally 45 with the vertical or the main axis 7a of the bottle 7 in the parallel perspective. Suited stripe patterns 21 can be calculated e.g. by ray tracing for a predetermined funnel shape, so that a predetermined reflection 27 results on the bottle type to be examined in the simulation.

(36) The features of the described embodiments can be combined. In particular, the design of the light screen 11 is not restricted to the shown examples. For example, the screens could be tilted orthogonally, so that their plan view becomes the side view and vice-versa. Equally, the areas 21a,b could be embodied on (non-depicted) bent sections of the light screen 11.

(37) One can work as follows with the inspection device according to the disclosure:

(38) A bottle 7 fixed to the support 6 is moved along the transport path 5 into the recording area 3a of a camera 3, while it is simultaneously rotated about its longitudinal axis 7a. As long as the bottle 7 is within the image area 3a of the camera 3, recordings 25 of the reflection 27 are taken in predetermined rotational positions of the bottle 7 or at predetermined intervals, respectively, and these recordings are further processed with an image evaluation in the calculation unit 29. When the bottle 7 leaves the image area 3a of the camera 3 before the total periphery of the bottle 7 could be examined (depending on the transport or rotational speed of the transport means 5 or the support 6, respectively), the image area 3a is followed by at least one further image area 3a of a further camera 3 so as to overlap until the total bottle periphery has been detected by the camera recordings 25. By evaluating the recordings 25 in the calculation unit 29, the position of a molding seam 7e and/or an embossing 7f is detected and an actual rotational position .sub.I of the bottle 7 or the support 6 is determined, so that subsequently the bottle 7 can be moved to a desired rotational position .sub.S.