Abstract
An ink curing apparatus (1) comprising a UV lamp (9); at least two reflectors (5, 7); and at least one continuously moveable shutter (11a, 11b), wherein the movement of the or each shutter (11a, 11b), between an open position exposing a substrate to UV radiation from the UV lamp (9) and a closed position wherein the shutter (11a, 11b) shields the substrate from the UV radiation from the UV lamp, is controlled by a crank mechanism (20, 21, 22, 24, 25, 26).
Claims
1. An ink curing apparatus comprising a UV lamp; at least two reflectors; and at least two moveable shutters, wherein movement of each shutter is between an open position exposing a substrate to UV radiation from the UV lamp and a closed position wherein the or each shutter shields the substrate from the UV radiation from the UV lamp, characterised in that each shutter is continuously moveable and is controlled by a crank mechanism; wherein the crank mechanism comprises at least two links attached to a rotatable shaft, wherein each link of the crank mechanism is attached to a connector, wherein each connector is attached to a shutter of the at least two moveable shutters, and wherein rotation of the rotatable shaft of the crank mechanism causes the at least two shutters to move away from each other towards a fully open position and continued rotation of the rotatable shaft of the crank mechanism in the same direction of rotation causes the at least two shutters to move towards each other towards a fully closed position.
2. An ink curing apparatus according to claim 1 wherein a first link of the two links is connected to a first shutter of the at least two moveable shutters and a second link of the two links is connected to a second shutter of the at least two shutters and wherein the length of the first link is less than the length of the second link.
3. An ink curing apparatus according to claim 2 wherein the crank mechanism is configured to move the first shutter slower than the second shutter; more preferably, wherein, the crank mechanism (20) is configured to reduce the speed of movement of the shutters when approaching the open and/or closed position.
4. An ink curing apparatus (1) according to claim 1 wherein the rotatable shaft of the crank mechanism is movable in a clock-wise or an anti-clockwise direction.
5. An ink curing apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the or each shutter has a curved profile; preferably wherein the or each shutter has a substantially elliptical profile.
6. An ink curing apparatus according to claim 1 wherein each reflector is connectable to one of the shutters; preferably wherein each reflector is removably connected to one of the shutters.
7. An ink curing apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the first shutter at least partially overlaps with the second shutter in a closed position.
8. A UV ink curing method comprising the steps of; moving at least two shutters using a crank mechanism to an open position wherein a substrate is exposed to UV radiation; emitting UV radiation from a UV lamp; directing the UV radiation using at least two reflectors onto a substrate to be cured, moving each shutter using the crank mechanism to a closed position wherein the substrate is shielded from the UV radiation emitted from the UV lamp, characterised in that the movement of the crank mechanism and the associated movement of each shutter is continuous; wherein the crank mechanism comprises at least two links attached to a rotatable shaft, wherein each link of the crank mechanism is attached to a connector wherein each connector is attached to a shutter, and wherein rotation of the rotatable shaft of the crank mechanism causes the at least two shutters to move away from each other towards a fully open position and continued rotation of the rotatable shaft of the crank mechanism in the same direction of rotation causes the at least two shutters to move towards each other towards a fully closed position.
9. A UV ink curing method according to claim 8 wherein the speed of movement of each shutter is reduced when approaching the open or closed position.
10. A UV ink curing method according to claim 8 wherein movement of the crank mechanism is computer-controlled.
11. A UV ink curing method according to claim 8 wherein movement of the crank mechanism is stoppable at any point between the open and closed position.
12. A UV ink curing method according to claim 8 wherein movement of the crank mechanism is remotely controlled.
13. A UV ink curing method according to claim 8 wherein the ink curing method further comprises the steps of moving the at least two reflectors in combination with the or each shutter using the crank mechanism.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
(1) The invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying diagrammatic drawings, in which:
(2) FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view through an ink curing apparatus constructed in accordance with the present invention;
(3) FIGS. 2A-2D are schematic cross-sectional views of the reflector/shutter arrangement of the present invention caused by rotation of the actuator (rotatable shaft) in an anti-clockwise direction;
(4) FIGS. 3A-3D are schematic views of the crank mechanism of the present invention;
(5) FIGS. 4A-4F are schematic cross-sectional views of the crank mechanism and shutters moving between an open and a closed position, showing rotation of the actuator (rotatable shaft) in a clockwise direction at 0 (fully open), shown in FIG. 4A; 36, shown in FIG. 4B; 72, shown in FIG. 4C; 108, shown in FIG. 4D; 144, shown in FIG. 4E and 180 (fully closed), shown in FIG. 4F;
(6) FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the crank mechanism of the present invention, showing the shutters in an open position and indicating the lengths of a first and second link or arm; and
(7) FIG. 6 is a graph showing the acceleration of each shutter over a cycle of movement of the rotatable shaft/actuator (between 0 and 180).
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
(8) Referring to FIG. 1, the ink curing apparatus 1 comprises a housing 3. The housing contains two reflectors 5, 7 and a recess for housing a UV lamp 9. The lamp 9 is partially surrounded by the reflectors 5, 7. Two moveable shutters 11a, 11b are rotatable around their respective axis 10, 11. Each shutter 11a, 11b has a curved profile and is moveable between an open position and a closed position. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, each of the reflectors 5, 7 is removably connected to a shutter 11a, 11b such that opening and closing of the shutter 11a, 11b also moves the reflectors 5, 7 around the UV lamp 9. Each shutter 11a, 11b also acts as a holder for the reflector 5, 7 to which it is connected.
(9) In an open position, as shown in FIG. 1, the substrate (not shown) to be cured is exposed to radiation from the UV lamp 9 through a curing window 15. The curing window 15 is defined below the UV lamp 9 and between the reflectors 5, 7. A quartz plate 17 can be used, which extends across the base of the housing 3. In use, UV radiation passes through the (optional) quartz plate 17 to the substrate, whilst the quartz plate 17 prevents the ingress of contaminants into the apparatus 1.
(10) In a closed position, the moveable shutters 11a, 11b surround the UV lamp 9 at the base of the apparatus 1. The shutters 11a, 11b shield the substrate from the UV lamp 9 when the apparatus 1 is not in use, or when the apparatus is in stand by mode.
(11) Referring to FIGS. 2A-2D the shutter movement provided for by the present invention is described in terms of the movement of the reflectors 5, 7. As shown in FIG. 1, the shutters 11a, 11b are integral with the reflectors 5, 7 and so would move in the same manner as the reflectors shown in FIGS. 2A-2D.
(12) As shown in FIG. 1 and FIGS. 2A-2D the reflectors 5, 7 are elliptical in shape and move between an open position, as shown in FIG. 2A and a closed position, as shown in FIG. 2D. As shown in FIG. 1, each shutter 11a, 11b is closer to the curing window than each reflector 5, 7. In the closed position, which is also shown in FIG. 4F, the shutters 11a, 11b partially overlap, with the tip of a first shutter 11a meeting the inner face of a second shutter 11b. As shown in FIGS. 2A-2D, movement of the reflectors and shutters is not symmetrical about the axis of rotation 10. In the embodiment shown, to achieve the partial overlap, the second shutter 11b moves more slowly than the first shutter 11a. In alternative embodiments, the degree of overlap and the speed of each shutter can vary. The speed at which each shutter moves is carefully controlled by the configuration of the crank mechanism 20.
(13) Referring to FIGS. 3A-3D, movement of the shutters and reflectors 5, 7 is controlled by a crank mechanism 20. The crank mechanism 20 comprises two links 21, 26 that are both attached to arm 22, which is attached to a rotatable shaft 23. Each link 21, 26 is attached to a connector 24, 25. Each of the connectors 24, 25 is connected to a shutter/reflector arrangement 7, 9, 11a, 11b, which is rotatable about an axis 10, 11, as described with reference to FIG. 1. It is understood that alternative shutter/reflector arrangements for use in UV curing apparatus may also include the crank mechanism 20 of the present invention. For example, in alternative embodiments of the present invention, the crank mechanism herein described may be used to move a single or two-piece shutter independently of the movement of the reflector/s.
(14) Referring to FIGS. 2A-2D and FIGS. 3A-3D, in use, a motor (not shown) drives rotation of the rotatable shaft 23. Rotation of the shaft 23 is converted by the connector 24, 25 connected to links 21, 26 into the required movement of the reflector/shutter arrangement 5, 7, 11a, 11b. The reflector/shutter arrangement 5, 7, 11a, 11b moves in a direction concentric to the axis of the shafts 10, 11.
(15) As shown in FIGS. 2A and 3A, with the reflectors 5, 7 in an open position, the shaft 23 of the crank mechanism 20 is rotated (A) through 180-degrees to move the reflectors 5, 7 to a closed position, as shown in FIG. 2D. The rotatable shaft 23 of the crank mechanism 20 can be rotated in either direction, i.e. clockwise or anticlockwise. Movement of the crank mechanism 20 in either direction will cause movement of the reflector/shutter arrangement between an open and closed position and all positions throughout the cycle. Thus, the movement of the shutters 11a, 11b is always smooth and continuous between a start and an end position as pre-determined by the user.
(16) The configuration of the crank mechanism 20 ensures that the speed of movement of the shutter/reflector arrangement reduces when approaching the fully-open or fully-closed position. The rotation of the crank mechanism is continuous, i.e. the movement of the shutter/reflector arrangement does not stop unless the apparatus is powered down for print curing operation to cease. The ink curing apparatus 1 is configured so that the actuator and so the crank mechanism 20 and the shutter 11a, 11b are continuously moving during print curing.
(17) After the shutters have reached the fully closed position, shown in FIG. 3D the rotatable shaft 23 continues to rotate about its axis in the same direction. The rotation moves the crank mechanism 20 to gradually open the shutters 11a, 11b until the shutters 11a, 11b are in the fully open position again, as shown in FIG. 2A.
(18) However, depending on a user's requirements it is also possible for the crank mechanism 20 to be stopped in a fully-closed position, shielding the substrate from UV radiation, between print cycles.
(19) Control of the movement of the crank mechanism 20 of the present invention is computer-implemented to allow the shutters to be stopped at any pre-determined point through the cycle of opening and closing. Monitoring and controlling the shutter position allows for more accurate control of the size of the curing aperture and the position of the reflectors 5, 7 that are attached to the shutters 11a, 11b. For example, to achieve different curing effects it may be desirable to stop the shutter/reflector arrangement at the partially-closed positions shown in FIG. 2B or FIG. 2C. In these intermediate positions, UV radiation from the UV lamp will be reflected onto the substrate in a different manner and different print curing effects will be achieved. It is envisaged that in alternative embodiments of the present invention, an encoder may be used to monitor the movement of the crank mechanism 20 and so the position of the reflector/shutter arrangement.
(20) Referring to FIGS. 4A-4F, movement of the rotatable shaft 23 of the crank mechanism 20 is shown with the actuator (motor) moving the rotatable shaft 23 in a clockwise direction. FIGS. 4A-4F show movement of the shutters 11a, 11b at various stages (0, 36, 72, 108, 144, 180) through a cycle between the shutters 11a, 11b being fully open (at 0 of rotation), in FIG. 4A, to fully closed (at 180 rotation), in FIG. 4F.
(21) Using like reference numerals to indicate like parts, the actuator rotates to move the rotatable shaft 23 and so the crank mechanism 20 continuously, which simultaneously moves both shutters 11a, 11b. With reference to FIGS. 4A-4B, a motor (not shown) drives continuous rotation of the rotatable shaft 23 through 36. This 36 rotation of the shaft 23 is converted by the connector 24, 25 connected to links 21, 26 into the required movement of each shutter 11a, 11b. The first shutter 11a moves 0.86 (with reference to a vertical axis) towards the second shutter 11b. The second shutter 11b moves 5.43 (with reference to a vertical axis) towards the first shutter 11a.
(22) Referring to FIG. 5, the length of the first link or arm 21, which connects to the first shutter 11a, is different from the length of the second link or arm 26, which connects to the second shutter 11b. The mounting point of each link 21, 26 is at a different radius from the centre axis of the crank mechanism 20; i.e. the axis of the rotatable shaft 23. The length (X) of the first link 21 is less than the length (Y) of the second link 26. The different lengths and the geometry of the mounting points of the first and second links/arms 21, 26 causes the first and second shutter 11a, 11b to move independently from each other and at different speeds. As shown in FIGS. 4A-4F the differing speeds cause a different range of movement for the first and the second shutter 11a, 11b through each stage of the open-close-open cycle.
(23) Referring to FIG. 4B, for a given rotation (36) of the rotatable shaft 23, the first shutter 11a has moved through an angle of rotation of about 0.86, whilst the second shutter 11b has moved through an angle of rotation of about 5.43.
(24) Within this specification, the term about means plus or minus 20%, more preferably plus or minus 10%, even more preferably plus or minus 5%, most preferably plus or minus 2%.
(25) The movement of each shutter 11a, 11b is shown in FIGS. 4A-4F as the rotatable shaft 23 moves, in a clockwise direction, from 0 (fully open), to 36, to 72, to 108, to 144 and to 180 (fully closed). The movement of each shutter 11a, 11b for a given rotation of the rotatable shaft 23 is set out in Table 1. The direction of movement with respect to a vertical reference axis [A] is indicated by the - symbol, with - indicating an inward angle of rotation from the vertical line of reference [A], i.e. towards a closed position:
(26) TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Angle of rotation of Angle of movement of Angle of movement of rotatable shaft () first shutter () second shutter () 0 8.74 8.74 36 0.86 5.43 72 2.35 8.93 108 7.83 22.81 144 22.55 32.49 180 34.73 32.52
(27) As previously described, the movement of the crank mechanism 20 under the action of the motor-driven rotatable shaft 23 causes the shutters 11a, 11b to smoothly move between an open position [FIG. 4A] and an overlapping, closed position [FIG. 4F]. In the fully open position [FIG. 4A] the print curing window is at its maximum and in the fully closed position [FIG. 4F] radiation from the UV lamp 9 is blocked and no radiation reaches the substrate (not shown).
(28) It is envisaged that different configurations of the crank mechanism 20; the links 21, 26; and the connector 24, 25 are used to achieve the required speeds of continuous movement of each shutter 11a, 11b, whilst controlling the degree of overlap between the first and second shutter 11a, 11b.
(29) It is understood that, in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 4A-4F, the actuator continues to move the rotatable shaft 23 in a clockwise direction to travel between 180 and 360. This causes the reverse motion of the crank mechanism 20 so that the shutters 11a, 11b move between the closed and an open position; i.e. the shutters 11a, 11b move away from each other to expose the substrate to UV radiation for print curing. Although it is possible for the rotatable shaft to move in both a clockwise and an anticlockwise direction; the direction of rotation of the rotatable shaft 23 to close the shutters is the same direction of rotation to close the shutters 11a, 11b, which allows for the continuous movement. It is the continuous movement of the rotatable shaft 23 and the resultant continuous movement of the crank mechanism 20, in the same direction of rotation that causes the full open-close-open cycle of movement of the shutters 11a, 11b.
(30) Referring to FIG. 6, an example of the acceleration of each shutter 11a, 11b over a 180 cycle of angular displacement is shown. The acceleration of the shutter is at a peak mid-way through the cycle of movement between an open (0) and a closed (180) position, at about 93. The speed of movement of the shutters 11a, 11b reduces significantly towards the open (0) and closed (180) positions. Thus the stress on the shutters 11a, 11b and the moving parts of the crank mechanism 20 at the two extremes of movement are much reduced.
(31) Referring to FIG. 6 and FIGS. 4A-4F, each shutter 11a, 11b moves from an open to a closed position, but the speed at which each shutter 11a, 11b moves between the open and closed positions varies throughout the cycle. The movement and position of the first shutter 11a does not mirror the movement and position of the second shutter 11b throughout the cycle. The initial movement of each shutter 11a, 11b away from an open position is relatively slow; the speed increases when each shutter 11a, 11b is halfway between the open and closed positions; before the speed decreases, i.e. the shutter's movement decelerates to a stop as the shutters 11a, 11b approach the closed position. The variation in speed is such that the position of each shutter 11a, 11b is not symmetrical about the axis of the lamp 9 around which they move. The geometry of the crank mechanism 20 is carefully selected to ensure that the correct speed and position of movement of each shutter 11a, 11b is achieved. The geometry ensures that the first shutter 11a reaches the closed position before the second shutter 11b, as shown in FIGS. 4E-4F. Thus, in a closed position, the second shutter 11b overlaps the first shutter 11a.
(32) Movement of the first shutter 11a from a closed to an open position also does not mirror the movement of the second shutter 11b. Thus, the arrangement of the present invention ensures that the shutters 11a, 11b do not allow radiation to pass to the substrate when they are in a closed position, but also ensures that the shutter 11a, 11b will not become jammed in a closed position. In the first stage of opening; i.e. when the rotatable shaft moves from 180 to about 216, the second shutter 11b moves from a closed position to an open position before the first shutter 11a. The speed at which each shutter 11a, 11b moves between the closed and the open positions varies throughout the cycle. The movement and position of the first shutter 11a does not mirror the movement and position of the second shutter 11b throughout the opening cycle. Both shutters 11a, 11b slow down to a gentle stop as they reach the fully open position. Throughout the open-close-open cycle the rotatable shaft 23 continuously rotates and the crank mechanism 20 continuously moves even if, at some stages of the cycle, movement of the or each shutter 11a, 11b is minimal. This ensures that the movement of the shutter is at all times smooth and controlled.
(33) The above described embodiment has been given by way of example only, and the skilled reader will naturally appreciate that many variations could be made thereto without departing from the scope of the claims.
