Singulator

Abstract

A singulator has been realized which comprises a diverger module extending between an inlet station and an outlet station; the diverger module is configured to receive articles at the inlet station and convey them towards the outlet station along a main advancement direction. The diverger module has: a first zone extending from the inlet station to the outlet station and configured to impart to the articles resting thereon an advancement motion along the main advancement direction, a second zone flanking the first zone along the advancement direction and extending between the inlet station and the outlet station. The second zone is configured to impart to the articles resting thereon an advancement motion along the main direction and a lateral movement away from the first zone. The first zone of the diverger module projects, at least for a length, away from a prevalent average plane of extension of the second zone in the direction of the articles to be supported so as to define an ascent zone of the diverger module.

Claims

1. A singulator comprising: at least a diverger module extending between an inlet station and an outlet station, the diverger module being configured to receive articles at the inlet station, and to convey them towards the outlet station along a main advancement direction, the diverger module comprising: at least a first zone extending from the inlet station to the outlet station, and configured to impart to the articles resting thereon an advancement motion along the main advancement direction; at least a second zone flanking the first zone along the main advancement direction and extending between the inlet station and outlet station, said second zone being configured to impart to the articles resting thereon an advancement motion along the main direction, and a lateral movement away from the first zone; the first zone of the diverger module projects, at least for a length, away from a prevalent average plane of extension of the second zone in the direction of the articles to be supported, in order to define an ascent zone of the diverger module, wherein the ascent zone comprises at least an ascending ramp and a descending ramp consecutively disposed along the advancement direction.

2. The singulator of claim 1, wherein said ascending ramp extends along a prevalent direction of extension which defines, with the prevalent average plane of extension of the second zone, a subtended angle comprised between 3 and 30, and wherein said descending ramp extends along a prevalent direction of extension which defines, with the average plane of extension of the second zone, a subtended angle comprised between 3 and 30.

3. The singulator of claim 1, wherein the ascent zone defines, relative to the second zone, a maximum difference in height comprised between 2 cm and 10 cm.

4. The singulator of claim 2, wherein the ascending ramp extends for a length of less than 50% of the total extent of the first zone, and wherein said ascending ramp extends from the inlet station.

5. The singulator of claim 1, wherein the diverger module (10) comprises: at least a third zone, flanking the second zone along the main advancement direction on the opposite side relative to the first zone and extending from an initial position comprised between the inlet station and a middle zone to the outlet station, the articles in said third zone being conveyed along the advancement direction to the outlet station.

6. The singulator of claim 1, wherein the diverger module comprises: a fourth zone extending between an inlet station and an outlet station and flanking the first zone along the main advancement direction on the side opposite to the second zone, the fourth zone being configured to impart to the articles resting thereon an advancing movement along the main advancement direction and a lateral movement away from the first zone; and a fifth zone flanking the fourth zone along the main advancement direction on the side opposite to the first zone, the articles in said fifth zone being conveyed along the advancement direction to the outlet station.

7. The singulator of claim 1, wherein the first zone of the diverger module comprises a conveyor configured to define, in cooperation with an article, a predetermined coefficient of friction that is greater than the coefficient of friction defined by the second zone in cooperation with the same article.

8. The singulator of claim 6, wherein the second zone of the diverger module comprises a conveying element, and configured to impart the advancement motion towards the outlet station and the lateral movement away from first zone, the fourth zone of the diverger module comprising a conveying element configured to impart the advancement motion towards the outlet station and the lateral movement away from first zone.

9. The singulator of claim 5, wherein the third zone of the diverger module comprises a lateral wall projecting from an average plane of the second zone, said lateral wall being configured to supportingly receive the articles pushed by the second zone away from first zone, and configured to enable conveyance along the main advancement direction towards the outlet station, the fifth zone of the diverger module comprising, in particular, a lateral wall projecting from an average plane of the fourth zone, said lateral wall being configured to supportingly receive the articles pushed by fourth zone away from first zone, and configured to enable conveyance along the main advancement direction towards the outlet station.

10. A singulator comprising: at least a diverger module extending between an inlet station and an outlet station, the diverger module being configured to receive articles at the input station and to convey them towards the outlet station along a main advancement direction, the diverger module having a first zone for imparting to the articles resting thereon an advancement motion along the main advancement direction, a second zone flanking the first zone along the advancement direction and extending between the inlet station and outlet station, said second zone being configured to impart to the articles resting thereon an advancement motion along the main direction and a lateral movement away from the first zone, at least a third zone, flanking the second zone along the main advancement direction on the opposite side relative to the first zone and extending from an initial position comprised between the inlet station and a middle zone to the outlet station, the articles in said third zone being conveyed along the advancement direction to the outlet station, the first zone of the diverger module projecting, at least for a length, away from a prevalent average plane of extension of the second zone in the direction of the articles to be supported, in order to define an ascent zone of the diverger module, at least a selector module located downstream of the diverger module along the main advancement direction and extending between a corresponding inlet station and an outlet station, the selector module having a first zone configured to receive the articles conveyed at least by the first zone of the diverger module and to impart to the articles resting thereon an advancement motion along the main advancement direction from the inlet station to the outlet station, and having a second zone configured to receive the articles conveyed from the third zone of the diverger module and to impart to the articles resting thereon an advancement motion along the main advancement direction from the inlet station to the outlet station; and a control unit which is active at least on the first zone of the selecting module so as to impart an advancement motion along the main advancement direction according to a first speed profile and active at least in the second zone of the selecting module so as to impart an advancement motion along the main advancement direction according to a second speed profile independent of the first speed profile.

11. The singulator of claim 10, wherein the ascent zone comprises at least an ascending ramp and a descending ramp consecutively disposed along the advancement direction.

12. The singulator of claim 11, wherein the ascending ramp extends for a length of less than 50% of the total extent of the first zone.

13. The singulator of claim 10, wherein the ascent zone substantially extends for the full length of the diverger module.

14. A singulator comprising: at least a diverger module extending between an inlet station and an outlet station, the diverger module being configured to receive articles at the inlet station, and to convey them towards the outlet station along a main advancement direction, the diverger module comprising: at least a first zone comprising a conveyor extending from the inlet station to the outlet station, and configured to impart to the articles resting thereon an advancement motion along the main advancement direction; at least a second zone flanking the first zone along the main advancement direction and extending between the inlet station and outlet station, said second zone being configured to impart to the articles resting thereon an advancement motion along the main direction, and a lateral movement away from the first zone, the second zone of the diverger module comprises a conveying element, configured to impart the advancement motion towards the outlet station and the lateral movement away from first zone; the conveyor of the first zone of the diverger module is configured to define, in cooperation with an article, a predetermined coefficient of friction that is greater than the coefficient of friction defined by the second zone in cooperation with the same article, the first zone of the diverger module projects, at least for a length, away from a prevalent average plane of extension of the second zone in the direction of the articles to be supported, in order to define an ascent zone of the diverger module, wherein the ascent zone comprises at least an ascending ramp and a descending ramp consecutively disposed along the advancement direction.

15. The singulator of claim 14, wherein the first zone comprises a conveyor belt.

16. The singulator of claim 14, wherein the second zone comprises a roller conveyor whose rollers have an axis that is inclined relative to the main advancement direction.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) Some embodiments and some aspects of the invention will be described below with reference to the appended drawings, provided solely by way of non-limiting example, in which:

(2) FIG. 1 illustrates a first embodiment of a singulator described hereunder;

(3) FIG. 2 illustrates a variant of the singulator of FIG. 1;

(4) FIG. 3 illustrates a further variant of the singulator of FIG. 1;

(5) FIG. 4 illustrates a possible variant of the converger module;

(6) FIG. 5 illustrates a possible further variant of the converger module;

(7) FIG. 6 shows a cross section of the converger module of FIG. 5;

(8) FIGS. 7 and 8 schematically show the different behaviour of the module of FIGS. 4 and 5;

(9) FIGS. 9, 11 and 12 are section views of three different embodiments of the converger module;

(10) FIG. 10 schematically shows the functioning of a module according to FIG. 9;

(11) FIGS. 13-16 illustrate four possible variants of the diverger module;

(12) FIGS. 17 and 18 illustrate two possible variants of the selector module;

(13) FIGS. 19A-19I and FIGS. 19L-19O show an operating sequence of the singulator in successive instants of time;

(14) FIGS. 20, 21 and 22 show three possible variants of systems comprising the singulator to which the description relates;

(15) FIG. 23 is a view from above of a selector module according to an alternative and advantageous embodiment;

(16) FIGS. 24, 25, 26 are further views of the selector of FIG. 23 with some parts removed in order better to illustrate others;

(17) FIG. 27 is a perspective view of the singulator in a further embodiment;

(18) FIG. 28 shows an overall view of a singulator included in a plant for treating articles; and

(19) FIG. 29 shows the vertical switcher of FIG. 28.

(20) FIG. 30 is a perspective view of a possible embodiment of the diverger module according to the present invention;

(21) FIGS. 31 to 42 show an operating sequence of the singulator in successive instants of time.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(22) With reference to the aforesaid figures, 1 denotes in its entirety a singulator as described below.

(23) In particular, and as previously mentioned, the singulator that is the subject matter of the following description is particularly intended for the singulation of loosely arranged items 5.

(24) In particular, the articles 5, which may have undergone further manipulation if necessary before reaching the inlet of the singulator (e.g. unstacking operations for supplying them to the inlet in a two-dimensional configuration) are brought to the inlet of the singulator by a suitable conveyor belt (or equivalent system) for infeeding them to the main modules of the singulator.

(25) In particular, the products initially reach an inlet station 3 of a converger module 2.

(26) The converger module 2 extends longitudinally along a main direction 6 of advancement of the articles between the above-mentioned inlet station 3 and an outlet station 4.

(27) In general, the loose articles 5 entering the converger module 2 will be conveyed (and appropriately handled) starting from the inlet station 3 along the main advancement direction up until reaching the outlet station 4, so as to be received by successive modules of the singulator.

(28) Observing in particular the figures and the various embodiments, it can be seen that, in general terms, the converger module 2 primarily features at least a first zone 7 defined between the inlet station 3 and the outlet station 4 along the main advancement or conveyance direction of the articles 6.

(29) This zone 7 will generally, in a view from above, have a rectangular profile with a main geometry that extends substantially parallel to the main direction of extension 6, and with the two opposite shorter sides located at the inlet and outlet stations 3 and 4.

(30) This zone 7 will be generally configured so as to impart to the articles resting thereon a direct advancement motion exclusively along the main advancement direction 6 (see for example FIG. 1). In other words, the first zone 7 will include at least one conveyor configured so as to impart this movement to the articles 5.

(31) Alternatively (see FIG. 3) the first zone 7 (i.e. the corresponding conveyor) may be configured so as to impart to the articles 5 resting thereon not only an advancement motion along the main direction 6, but also a lateral movement 9b in a direction perpendicular to the advancement direction directed towards a second zone 8. In other words, the conveyor will be able to impart a parallel motion to the articles or, in an alternative embodiment, a motion directionally inclined (resultant R in the figures) relative to the main advancement direction 6 (or to the main axis of extension of the singulator). Once more from a general point of view, the converger module 2 also features a second zone 8 which flanks the first zone 7 along the main advancement direction 6 and also extends between the inlet station 3 and the outlet station 4 of the module 2. The second zone 8 is configured to impart to the articles 5 resting thereon an advancement motion along the main direction 6 and also a lateral movement 9a in the direction of the first zone 7.

(32) In this regard, the second zone 8 will include at least one conveyor (and in general a plurality thereof) configured to impart the described movement to the articles (inclined; resultant R).

(33) This second zone 8, in a view from above, also has a rectangular profile extending mainly in a direction parallel to the main advancement direction 6, and with the shorter opposite sides positioned at the inlet station 3 and the outlet station 4. In particular, the two corresponding longer sides of the first zone 7 and the second zone 8, are side by side and facing each other.

(34) In the majority of the illustrated embodiments (except for FIGS. 2 and 3) the converger module 2 also includes a third zone 23 flanking the first zone 7 along the main advancement direction 6 and positioned on the side opposite to the second zone 8.

(35) In general, the first zone 7 will therefore be interposed between the second zone 8 and the third zone 23; the three zones 23, 7, 8 will be adjacent (in particular in contact) and parallel to one another along the advancement direction of the articles as shown in FIG. 1 for example.

(36) The third zone 23 also extends between the inlet station 3 and the outlet station 4 and exhibits, in a view from above, a substantially rectangular profile with the longer sides directed along the main advancement direction 6 and shorter sides that are opposite and positioned at the inlet and outlet stations 3 and 4. The third zone 23 is configured to impart to the articles 5 resting thereon an advancement motion along the main direction 6 and also a lateral movement 9b in the direction of the first zone 7; in particular, the lateral movements 9a, 9b imparted respectively by the second zone 8 and the third zone 23 have the same direction (perpendicular to the main direction 6) and are respectively directed in the opposite way towards the first zone 7.

(37) In still other words, the second zone 8 and the third zone 23 impart, to the articles resting thereon, not only an advancement motion towards the outlet station 4, but also a lateral movement serving to convey the articles towards the first central zone 7; the resultant force on the articles is denoted by R.

(38) From the point of view of realisation, the first zone 7 will include a corresponding conveyor 30 which can, by way of example, be defined by a conveyor belt as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. This conveyor belt is generally more limited in its transversal dimensions relative to the transversal dimensions and respective conveyors of the second and third zones 8, 23 of the converger module 2.

(39) FIG. 1 (and the following figures) shows a single conveyor belt that runs along the whole converger module 2 from the inlet station 3 to the outlet station 4.

(40) Obviously two or more belts having longitudinal dimensions that are more modest may be present, consecutively arranged and aligned with one another.

(41) In a further variant, illustrated for example in FIGS. 4 and 5, the conveyor 30 may consist in a suitable belt 45 which bears a plurality of free rollers 46 rotating about their own axis 46a and which are appropriately positioned in respective cavities of the belt.

(42) In other words, the belt 45 will be made to advance along the indicated direction and the respective rollers 46 borne by the belt 45 will impart to the articles 5 resting thereon a movement that depends on the orientation of the rollers themselves. In particular, as shown in FIG. 5, the rollers 46 in the first zone 7 will be orientated in such a way as to impart only a movement R directed along the main advancement direction 6 towards the outlet station 4.

(43) With reference to the second zone 8 of the converger module 2, it can be seen that the second zone 8 includes at least a conveying element 34 and in general a plurality of conveying elements for defining substantially a roller conveyor 35 whose rollers have an axis that is inclined relative to the main advancement direction 6 so as to impart the advancement motion towards the outlet station 4, and also the lateral movement 9a towards the first zone 7 (resultant R).

(44) The figures show rollers orientated substantially in the same direction, with axes thereof parallel to each other and also equidistant.

(45) However, it should be noted that the above configuration is disclosed and illustrated solely by way of example, as variously spaced rollers might well be used, respectively inclined in a more or less accentuated manner relative to the main advancement direction 6.

(46) The geometry of these rollers, generally cylindrical, can also be varied so as to vary the pushing forces on the articles 5. Purely by way of example, a truncated cone shape could also be used for the geometry of the lateral surface of the rollers. The third zone 23 of the converger module 2 also comprises at least one respective conveying element 36 and in general a plurality of the elements 36 suitable for defining a respective roller conveyor 37 whose rollers have an axis that is inclined relative to the main advancement direction and is able to impart the advancement motion towards the outlet station 4 and also the lateral movement 9b towards the first zone 7 of the module (resultant R).

(47) In other words, the two roller conveyors 35 and 37, which in particular will have the same transversal and longitudinal dimensions, will be suitable for supportingly receiving the articles 5 and directing them towards the conveyor belt or central conveyor 30.

(48) In this case, too, an alternative embodiment of the roller conveyors 35, 37 is illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 5.

(49) As with the first zone 7, each of the two lateral zones 8, 23 may be formed by a respective conveyor belt 47 affording the appropriate seatings within which a plurality of rollers 48 are mounted.

(50) As previously mentioned, the axis of inclination 48a of the rollers will be such as to define the forces applied on the articles placed on them.

(51) In particular, by appropriately tilting the axis of rotation relative to the advancement direction of the belts 47 the articles 5 can be directed in such a way that movements are imparted to them along the main advancement direction 6 and also along a direction perpendicular thereto, so that they are directed, with a lateral movement 9a, 9b, towards the first zone 7 of the converger module (resultant R).

(52) It should also be noted that the conveyor belts 45, 47 supporting the rollers 46, 48 may be separate and distinct (FIG. 5) or even a single belt 49 (FIGS. 11 and 12) in which the various movements are imparted exclusively by mounting the idle rollers 46, 48 and directing the axes 46a, 48a as deemed appropriate.

(53) It should also be noted that the motion of the rollers can be imparted in accordance with various embodiments, for example by making them roll (thanks to the motion of the belts they are mounted on) on surfaces 50 suitable for generating the rotation of the rollers due to the friction that is created.

(54) In a possible configuration that has certain advantages, the first zone 7 can be placed at a lower average level L.sub.1, equal to or greater than L.sub.2, L.sub.3, of the corresponding second zone 8 and/or the corresponding third zone 23 of the converger module 2. In particular, FIG. 6 illustrates a situation in which the first zone 7 is at a level L.sub.1 that is lower than both the second zone 8 and the third zone 23.

(55) The difference in effects with respect to planar zones is shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, which show that the presence of a lowered central zone 7 enables articles 5 of small transversal dimensions to be conveniently received and directed along the advancement direction 6 without any need for further intervention on the part of the device.

(56) FIG. 9 shows the opposite situation where the first zone 7 lies in an average plane L.sub.1 (rest surface for the articles) that is greater than the average plane L.sub.2, L.sub.3 defined by the second zone 8 and/or the third zone 23.

(57) In this case the effect is illustrated in FIG. 10, where it can be observed that in the presence of articles having larger transversal dimensions than the first zone 7, the positioning thereof is improved.

(58) It should be noted, moreover (FIGS. 11 and 12), that the different heights of the first zone 7 relative to the adjacent zones 8, 23 can be obtained using a same conveyor belt 49 and by varying the heights of the individual rollers 46, 48 constrained to the belt.

(59) Obviously, the above-described effects can also be obtained with the roller conveyors and the conveyor belt, by appropriately selecting the respective planes in which the articles rest/lie. Alternatively, roller conveyors having axes perpendicular to the direction 6 can be used in the second and third zones 8, 23, said roller conveyors being inclined, however, relative to the horizontal plane, towards the first zone 7 so that gravity defines the push towards the first zone 7, while the roller conveyors direct the articles exclusively towards the outlet station 4.

(60) A diverger module 10 is positioned following the converger module 2.

(61) The accompanying figures represent, by way of non-limiting examples, the two modules 2, 10 consecutively arranged and immediately adjacent, i.e. without gaps or spaces between them. However, it will be possible in any case to envisage the presence of intermediate transfer modules which do not influence the subsequent behaviours and operations of the diverger module. In any event, the articles 5 handled by the converger module 2 are infed to the diverger module 10 at a respective inlet station 11.

(62) The diverger module 10, in general terms, also has a first zone 13 configured to receive the articles from the first zone 7 of the converger module 2 and to impart to the articles resting thereon an advancement motion along the main advancement direction 6.

(63) In this case too, the first zone 13 of the diverger module 10 has, by way of non-limiting example, a rectangular profile when viewed from above, with the two longer sides parallel to the main advancement direction 6 and the opposite shorter sides positioned at the inlet and outlet stations 11 and 12.

(64) The first zone 13 of the diverger module will also be intended solely to impart this motion along the main advancement direction 6 from the inlet station 11 to the outlet station 12.

(65) The first zone 13 is generally defined by a respective conveyor 31, such as a conveyor belt, which can have and assume the same configurations as the conveyor belt or previously mentioned conveyor 30 belonging to the converger module 2.

(66) In particular, it can alternatively consist of a plurality of conveyor belts arranged in series along the advancement direction, or even, in an alternative embodiment, consist of the belt 51 having rollers 52 mounted idly and intended to impart the force R and the direction of advancement of the articles resting thereon.

(67) It should be noted that in general, although not necessarily, both the conveyor 30 of the converger module and the conveyor 31 of the diverger module 10 are configured to define, in cooperation with an article 5, a predetermined coefficient of friction that is greater than the respective coefficient of friction defined by the adjacent areas of the converger module 2 and diverger module 10. In fact, the same article 5 advancing in the first zones 7 and 13 will determine, in cooperation with the latter, a coefficient of friction that is greater than the coefficient of friction that the article 5 can determine with the various zones of the converger and/or diverger module. In the discussion that follows, to identify such zones reference will be made, by way of non-limiting example, to zones having a high coefficient of friction, whereas for the adjacent zones reference will be made to zones having a low coefficient of friction.

(68) In this way, it is ensured that an article 5, partially resting in the first zone 7 of the converger module 2 or the first zone 13 of the diverger module 10, will mainly receive the motion imparted by the zone itself and will therefore be exclusively directed along the main advancement direction 6.

(69) Once again from a general point of view, the diverger module 10 comprises a second zone 14 flanking the first zone 13 along the advancement direction 6.

(70) The second zone 14 extends between the inlet station 11 and the outlet station 12 and is defined, in a plan view, by a rectangular profile with the longer sides disposed parallel to the main advancement direction 6 and opposite shorter sides located at the inlet station 11 and the outlet station 12. In particular, the second zone 14 extends along a prevalent plane of extension which, under conditions of use of the singulator 1, is situated horizontally.

(71) The second zone 14 is configured to impart, to the articles resting thereon, an advancement motion along the main direction 6 and a lateral movement 15a away from the first zone 13 (resultant R).

(72) As can be seen from FIGS. 32 to 42, the first zone 13 of the diverger module 10 projects, at least for a portion of its overall length (between the inlet station 11 and outlet station 12), away from a prevalent average plane of extension of the second zone 14 in the direction of the articles 5 to be supported, in order to define an ascent zone 15 of the diverger module 10.

(73) In greater detail, in a preferred, but non-limiting embodiment, the ascent zone 15 comprises at least an ascending ramp 44a and a descending ramp 44b consecutively disposed along the advancement direction 6. The ascending ramp 44a extends, by way of non-limiting example, along a prevalent direction of extension which defines, with the prevalent average plane of extension of the second zone 14, a subtended angle comprised between 3 and 30, in particular between 3 and 25, and more in particular between 5 and 20.

(74) In a preferred, but non-limiting embodiment, the first ramp 44a extends inside an initial portion of the first zone 13 comprised within 50% of the total extent of said first zone 13, in particular within 30% of said first zone 13.

(75) In the latter configuration described, the maximum difference in height of the ascent zone 15 is defined in the first 50% of the total extent of said first zone 13, in particular in the first 30% of said first zone 13.

(76) With regard to the descending ramp 44b, the latter also extends, by way of non-limiting example, along a prevalent direction of extension which defines, with the prevalent average plane of extension of the second zone 14, a subtended angle comprised between 3 and 30, in particular between 3 and 25, and more in particular between 5 and 20.

(77) FIGS. 30 to 42 illustrate, by way of non-limiting example, an embodiment in which the ascending ramp 44a and descending ramp 44b are immediately consecutively disposed along the advancement direction 6 (i.e. there are no intermediate sections connecting said ramps 44a and 44b). In this condition, the ascent zone defines, according to a longitudinal cross section, a substantially triangular profile (see for example the lateral FIGS. 31, 33, 35, 37, 39 and 41).

(78) Alternatively, the ascent zone may comprise at least a connecting section interposed between the ascending ramp 44a and descending ramp 44b (condition not illustrated in the accompanying figures) and extending, for example, along a trajectory that is prevalently arch-shaped or rectilinear.

(79) From a dimensional standpoint, the ascent zone 15 defines, with the second zone 14, a maximum difference in height greater than 2 cm, in particular comprised between 2 cm and 10 cm, even more in particular between 2 cm and 6 cm.

(80) The accompanying figures represent, by way of non-limiting example, a condition in which the difference in height defined by the ascent zone 15 is generated by the inclination of the ramps 44a and 44b relative to the second zone 14, which, under the conditions of use of the singulator 1, extend horizontally. However, the difference in height between the ascent zone 15 and the second zone 14 can also occur in the event that the latter is inclined downward relative to a horizontal plane (condition of use of the singulator 1), whereas the ascent zone extends horizontally (condition not illustrated in the accompanying figures).

(81) Overall it is possible to identify a difference in height between the ascent zone 15 and the second zone 14 in conditions wherein the first ramp 44a defines, under conditions of use of the singulator 1, relative to a horizontal plane, a subtended angle that is greater than the subtended angle which the second portion defines with said horizontal plane.

(82) The fact of including an ascent zone 15 in the diverger module 10 serves to ensure the separation (singulation) of the incoming articles in any configuration. In greater detail, the ascent zone 15 is particularly useful in cases where two or more articles 15 arriving from the converger module 2 are in a superimposed condition (one on top of the other). A normal singulator 1, having a first zone 13 that is coplanar with the adjacent zones, would not enable the articles 5 to be singulated in the latter described condition. In fact, the article 5 moving in the central zone 13 could exert upon an underlying article 5, in particular which it at least partially overlaps, a force tending to squash the latter and substantially prevent the zones adjacent to the first (central zone 13) from moving the article 5 away from the first zone, thus compromising the singulation thereof.

(83) The movement of the superimposed articles 5 in motion on the diverger of the present invention can be clearly seen in FIGS. 31 to 42.

(84) The difference in height created by the ascent zone 15 enables the first zone 13 to place the advancing articles 5 on the different level thereon relative to the articles advancing in the adjacent zones, i.e. the zones 14 and 24; in this condition, should there be superimposed articles, one avoids squashing and consequently holding back articles advancing in the second and fourth zones 14, 24.

(85) In short, the ascent zone 15 ensures that the articles 5 will slide on a level that is different from the level defined by the second and fourth zones 14, 24, thus avoiding, at least in that section, an interference of the articles 5 along a direction that is transversal, in particular perpendicular, to the plane of extension of the second and fourth zones 14, 24 (vertical direction in the condition of use of the singulator 1).

(86) As can be seen from the accompanying figures, the diverger module further has a third zone 16 flanking the second zone 14 along the main advancement direction 6 on the side opposite to the first zone 13.

(87) In still other words, the second zone 14 of the diverger module 10 is interposed between and contiguous to the first zone 13 and the third zone 16, as shown in the accompanying figures. The third zone 16 is configured so that articles positioned therein are conveyed only along the advancement direction 6 until they reach the outlet station 12.

(88) The third zone 16 could begin anywhere between the inlet station 11 and the midpoint of the outlet station 12, as the converger module 2 will have brought the articles to the centre of the singulator.

(89) It should also be noted that the diverger module 10 shown in FIG. 1 also has a fourth zone 24 extending between the inlet zone 11 and the outlet station 12 and flanking the first zone 13 along the main advancement direction 6 on a side opposite to the second zone 14.

(90) In a plan view, the fourth zone 24 also exhibits a rectangular profile with sides prevalently extending parallel to the main advancement direction 6 and opposite shorter sides positioned at the inlet station 11 and the outlet station 12.

(91) The fourth zone 24 is configured to impart to the articles resting thereon an advancement motion along the main advancement direction 6 and a lateral movement 15b away from the first zone 13.

(92) In other words, the lateral movement 15a, 15b imparted by the second zone 14 and the fourth zone 24 have the same direction but are respectively directed in the opposite way away from the first zone 13.

(93) From a structural standpoint, the fourth zone 24 is substantially equal to the second zone 14 and in fact symmetrical to the latter relative to the zone 13: for these reasons, the ascent zone 15 projects equally from the fourth zone 24, thus defining the same difference in height.

(94) In this case, too, the second zone 14 and fourth zone 24 of the diverger module 10 comprise at least one respective conveying element 34, 36 and in particular a plurality of elements 34, 36 such as to define respective roller conveyors 35, 37 whose rollers have an axis that is inclined relative to the main advancement direction 6 so as to impart the above-mentioned advancement motion towards the outlet station 4 and the lateral movement 15a, 15b away from the first zone 13 of the diverger module 10.

(95) As previously mentioned, the illustration is by way of non-limiting example and therefore the roller conveyors 35, 37 can be realised with axes inclined relative to the advancement direction in manner differing from the one illustrated, also differing from roller to roller and with a plurality of rollers having a cylindrical and/or truncated cone shape, and it will also obviously be possible to configure the second and the fourth zone of the diverger module using conveyor belts which have rollers mounted idly in respective cavities in the belts so as to impart the movements forward and away as previously described (FIGS. 15 and 16).

(96) In the latter case, the second and fourth zones 14, 24 will be structurally similar to the representations in FIGS. 4 to 12, the only difference being tied to the orientation of the axis of the rollers for generating the component 15a, 15b of moving away. Alternatively, in the second and fourth zones 14, 24, too, use can be made of roller conveyors having an axis perpendicular to the direction 6, but which are inclined relative to the horizontal plane in a direction away from the first zone 7, so that it is gravity which defines the component of pushing towards the third and fifth zones 16, 25, while the roller conveyors direct the articles exclusively towards the outlet station 12. The diverger module 10 further comprises at least a fifth zone 25 flanking the fourth zone 24 along the advancement direction 6 on the side opposite to the first zone 13.

(97) In this case, too, the articles in the fifth zone 25 are conveyed exclusively along the advancement direction 6 to the outlet station 12 (resultant R).

(98) The fifth zone 25 could begin anywhere between the inlet station 11 and the midpoint of the outlet station 12, as the converger module 2 will have brought the articles to the centre of the singulator.

(99) It should be noted that the third and the fifth zones 16, 25 of the diverger module 10 might be formed by a respective lateral wall 42, 43 which projects from an average plane of the diverger 10 (FIGS. 1, 3, 15 and 30).

(100) In particular, in the case of the third zone 16 of the diverger module 10, the lateral wall 42 will project from the average plane of the zone 14 and will be configured so as to supportingly receive the articles 5 pushed by the second zone 14 away from the first zone 13 and configured so as to enable conveyance along the main advancement direction 6 towards the outlet station 12. In a preferred, but non-limiting embodiment, the lateral wall 42 extends longitudinally from a first end substantially disposed at the inlet station 11 and a second end substantially disposed at the outlet station 12. Advantageously, the second end of the lateral wall is at a distance from the first zone 13 that is less than the distance between the second end and said first zone 13: in this condition, the lateral wall 42 is divergent relative to the advancement direction 6. As can be seen from FIG. 30, the lateral wall 42, at the first end thereof, has a connecting portion or an arch-shaped portion suitable for facilitating the arrival of articles from the converger module 2. Preferably, the lateral wall 42 can be adjusted in position relative to the first zone 13; in particular it is adjustable in both inclination and distance relative to the first zone 13. In order to adjust the lateral wall 42, the singulator comprises an activating device, namely, an electric motor or a piston suitable for moving the wall 42.

(101) Preferably, by way of non-limiting example, the lateral wall 43 is identical to the lateral wall 42 and positioned symmetrically to the latter relative to the first zone 13.

(102) The lateral walls 42, 43 can consist of respective conveyor belts wherein the axis of rotation of the rollers on which they move is disposed perpendicular to the surface constituting the first, second and fourth zones of the diverger module; in other words, the belt will project vertically from the average plane of the diverger module.

(103) In addition, the lateral walls 42 and 43 can generally be motorized so as to actively impart the motion towards the outlet station 12.

(104) Obviously, the fifth zone 25 of the diverger module 10 will comprise the respective lateral wall 43 in a completely symmetrical and mirror-like manner relative to what was described above with reference to the lateral wall 42.

(105) In an alternative embodiment illustrated in FIG. 13, the lateral walls 42 and 43 in the third zone 16 and the fifth zone 25 of the diverger module 10 may be replaced by the respective conveyor belts (in the same plane), for example with high friction and able to move the articles 5 which might arrive resting thereon exclusively along the main advancement direction 6.

(106) According to a further alternative (FIG. 16) the conveyor belts may be replaced by conveyor belts having seatings with rollers mounted idly and suitable for directing the articles resting thereon exclusively in the main advancement direction 6. Combinations of the above solutions will also be possible, see for example FIG. 14 in which a projecting lateral wall 43 and a conveyor belt on the opposite side are used.

(107) Observing the singulator shown in FIG. 1, one may note the presence of a selector module 17 located downstream of the diverger module 10 along the main advancement direction 6. As per the previous description, the selector module 17, too, is illustrated immediately downstream of and disposed consecutively relative to the diverger module 10.

(108) However, an intermediate transfer module might be present, which could still enable the selector module 17 to function optimally without going outside the scope of the inventive concept as described.

(109) In any case, the selector module 17 extends between a respective inlet station 18 and an outlet station 19 and has a respective first zone 20 configured to receive the articles arriving from the zone 13 of the diverger module 10 and to impart to the articles resting thereon an advancement motion exclusively along the main advancement direction 6 from the inlet station 18 to the outlet station 19.

(110) The selector module 17 further has a second zone 21 configured to receive the articles arriving from the third zone 16 of the diverger module 10 so as to impart, to the articles resting thereon, an advancement motion along the main advancement direction 6 (exclusively) from the inlet station 18 to the outlet station 19.

(111) Furthermore, the selector module 17 could also comprise a third zone 26 configured to receive the articles arriving from the fifth zone 25 of the diverger module 10 so as to impart, to the articles resting thereon, an advancement motion exclusively along the main advancement direction 6 from the inlet station 18 to the outlet station 19.

(112) FIG. 1 illustrates the presence of a plurality of independent conveyor belts that define the direction of advancement of the articles positioned parallel to the main advancement direction 6. As an alternative to conveyor belts, roller conveyors or rollers having axes perpendicular to the advancement direction can likewise be used, as can conveyor belts provided with cavities suitable for mounting idle rollers which direct the articles as mentioned above.

(113) Furthermore, the selector module 17 can be configured to comprise only moved conveyor belts positioned in the zones intended to receive the products exiting the diverger module 10 (FIG. 17), or also a plurality of conveyor belts all moved independently of one another and placed side by side so that a control unit 22 can appropriately control the movement thereof (FIGS. 1 and 18). FIG. 1 illustrates the situation of a plurality of conveyor belts side by side; FIG. 17, on the other hand, illustrates a situation in which the selector module 17 comprises a fourth zone 28 flanking and interposed between the first and second zones 20, 21 along the main advancement direction 6 and a fifth zone 29 flanking and interposed between the first and the third zones 20, 26 along the main advancement direction 6.

(114) The fourth and fifth zones 28, 29 according to this specific embodiment extend from the inlet station 18 to the outlet station and comprise surfaces that are not moved, for example exhibiting low friction.

(115) As can be observed from the accompanying FIG. 17, the device also includes a control unit 22, which is active at least on the first zone 20 of the selector module 17 so as to impart the advancement motion along the main advancement direction 6 with an initial speed profile, and is also active at least in the second zone 21 of the selector module 17 so as to impart the corresponding advancement motion along the main advancement direction 6 with a second speed profile which can also be different from the first speed profile.

(116) The control unit 22 will also be active in the third zone 26 of the selector module so as to impart thereon an advancement motion along the main advancement direction 6 with a third speed profile that can be different from both the first and the second speed profiles, as will be better explained below.

(117) In detail, and as shown in the accompanying figures, the singulator is also equipped with a detection system 27 serving the control unit 22.

(118) This detection system 27 will be able to detect, over time, the passage of the articles 5 entering and/or in transit toward the selector module 17, at least in the first and second zones 20, 21 (and in general also the third zone 26).

(119) Purely by way of example, there may also be a linear array of photocells along the line or the inlet station of the selector module so that the control unit 22 can receive the signal from each sensor of the detection system 27 and know the position and the passage time of the various articles 5 passing through the inlet station 18 of the selector module 17.

(120) The above-described embodiment can only use an arrangement of photocells at least in the first, second and third zones of the selector module 17 and in general throughout the line that defines the inlet station 18 of the module itself.

(121) Alternatively, or in combination, other types of sensors can be used, such as one or more cameras (FIG. 18) able not only to detect the shape of the product passing through the inlet station, but also to identify, for example from above, the profile of the article 5 and follow it in its advancing motion though the selector module 17 so that this type of movement can be actively controlled (see for example FIG. 18).

(122) As mentioned, the control unit 22 receives the incoming signal/signals from the detection system 27 and uses them to determine the speed profiles to be assigned to the zones 20, 21 and 26 of the selector module 17.

(123) In particular, the speed profiles are set in order to enable products to be outfed from the outlet station 19 of the selector module 17 in a singulated configuration, i.e. not superimposed along the transversal extent of the selector module 17. As better explained below, should two articles be in the selector module 17, for example in the first and second zones 20, 21, partially or totally superimposed if observed laterally, the control unit 22 is able to slow or stop the motion of the articles in the first zone 20 or in the second zone 21 so as to obtain the outfeed of a single product from the outlet station 19 before allowing the product present in the other zone or feed line to exit.

(124) In other words, the speed profile is appropriately changed (even bringing the speed to 0) in order to obtain a single outfeed of the products from the three feed lines A, B, C through the outlet station 19.

(125) With reference to the selector module 17, an extremely interesting third embodiment thereof is illustrated in FIGS. 23 to 26.

(126) In particular, and as previously mentioned, the first zone 20 will be intended to receive the articles advancing along a main flow A, mainly coming from the first zone 13 of the diverger module 10.

(127) In reality, this zone 20 will have transversal dimensions that are greater than those of the remaining second and third zones 21, 26 and therefore could also receive, in certain situations, articles, for example of large dimensions, from the line B or C. In any case, when observing the first zone 20, one may see that it comprises a respective conveyance device 53 provided with three conveyance surfaces 53a, 53b, 53c which can be distinguished at least on the basis of some structural and/or functional characteristics.

(128) In particular, all three conveyance surfaces of the first conveyance device 53 extend from the inlet station 18 to the outlet station 19 and are, in a view from above (see FIG. 23), of an elongated rectangular shape with larger opposite sides disposed parallel to the main advancement direction 6.

(129) These conveyance surfaces 53a, 53b, 53c are side by side, adjacent to one another, with the first conveyance surface 53a being of larger transversal dimensions (about double) than the respective transversal dimensions of the conveyance surfaces 53b, 53c (in general equal to each other); the first surface 53a is interposed between the further surfaces.

(130) In general, each of the conveyance surfaces 53a, 53b, 53c will be an area of active conveyance surface, i.e. a mobile conveyance surface suitable for generating, in an article totally or partly resting thereon, an advancement motion directed from the inlet station 18 to the outlet station 19 along the main advancement direction.

(131) The first conveyance surface 53a will have a coefficient of friction that is (much) higher than the corresponding coefficient of friction of the adjacent conveyance surfaces 53b, 53c. In other words, an article resting simultaneously on at least two of the conveyance surfaces will receive a greater push from the first conveyance surface 53a, with greater friction.

(132) It should also be noted that the three conveyance surfaces of the first device 53 will have an equivalent advancement speed from the inlet station 18 to the outlet station 19, as they will in general be moved by a same first conveyor device 53.

(133) In the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 23-26, conveyance surfaces 53a, 53b, 53c are shown that are distinct and separate from one another, but which could however all be defined by a single uninterrupted surface with areas that are distinct only in terms of their coefficient of friction.

(134) Furthermore, the example embodiment shown consists of three separate conveyor belts (endless belts) in continuous motion about at least two shafts having axes parallel to each other and arranged respectively along the lines defining the inlet station 18 and the outlet station 19.

(135) In still other words, each of the conveyor belts 55, 56, 57 will be placed on these two shafts so as to impart, to the upper surface, a movement indicated by the arrows in FIG. 23 and directed along the main advancement direction 6.

(136) From the point of view of motorisation, the first movement system 58 is shown in FIG. 25 and comprises a motor 58a and a suitable transmission 58b (such as a gear reducer) that transmits motion via a belt around a respective shaft 66, about which the conveyor belts 55, 56, 57 rotate, thus being drawn by the shaft 66 which determines a constant advancement velocity that is substantially identical for the three aforementioned belts.

(137) Returning to the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 23, it should be noted that the second zone 21 has a second motion transmission device 54 also defined by two conveyance surfaces 54a, 54b extending from the inlet station 18 to the outlet station 19 and having a rectangular shape when viewed from above, with the opposite longer sides positioned parallel to the main advancement direction 6.

(138) In this case, too, the conveyance surfaces 54a, 54b are positioned adjacent and side by side along the main direction of extension 6.

(139) In particular, the second conveyance surface 54b flanks and is adjacent to the second conveyance surface 53b of the first device 53 so as to define a substantially continuous support surface for the articles arriving from the diverger module.

(140) In this case, too, the first rest surface 54a will have a greater coefficient of friction than the second rest surface 54b. The illustrated embodiment includes two belts having substantially identical transversal dimensions, with the transversal dimensions of the second and third conveyance surfaces 53b, 53c of the first conveyance device 53 being substantially identical.

(141) The belts are two distinct conveyor belts 61, 62, the active surface of which defines the aforementioned conveyance surfaces 54a and 54b.

(142) In this case, too, the embodiment could consist of a single joined, uninterrupted belt that defines the two conveyance surfaces 54a and 54b with a different surface coefficient of friction.

(143) The second conveyance system 59 shown in FIG. 25 is substantially similar (and only differently positioned in the structure of the selector module 17) to the one previously mentioned.

(144) The system comprises a motor, for example an electric one 59a, and a transmission 59b (for example a gear reducer and a belt) which transmits motion to a shaft 67 active on the first and second conveyor belt 61, 62, previously mentioned.

(145) Thus, in this case, too, the motion transmitted to the two conveyor belts 61, 62 will be the same with the same speed of advancement between the inlet station 18 and the outlet station 19 of the conveyance surfaces 54a and 54b.

(146) It should be noted, however, that the motor drives of the first conveyance device 53 and the second conveyance device 54 are independent and therefore also their speed of advancement will be independent (i.e. they can also be the same at certain moments, but will in any case be controlled and managed independently by the control unit 22).

(147) In a simpler logic control the belts could be moved at a constant speed, or, in contrast, be stationary, thus defining the speed profiles.

(148) The selector module 17 further comprises a third conveyance device 60, also having a first conveyance surface 60a and a second conveyance surface 60b.

(149) The conveyance surfaces extend from the inlet station 18 to the outlet station and have a substantially quadrangular shape with the longer sides thereof arranged parallel to the main advancement direction 6.

(150) The two conveyance surfaces 60a, 60b are positioned parallel and adjacent to each other.

(151) Furthermore, the second conveyance surface 60b is located adjacent to the third conveyance surface 53c of the first conveyance device 53.

(152) In this case, too, the first conveyance surface 60a will have a greater coefficient of friction than the second conveyance surface 60b of the third conveyance device 60.

(153) The surfaces can be obtained through the use of two distinct and separate elements (as shown) or even a single element with surface properties in terms of coefficient of friction on the two distinct surfaces.

(154) This embodiment as well comprises the use of two separate conveyor belts 64, 65, which are mounted on respective shafts positioned at the inlet and outlet stations 18 and 19 as previously described.

(155) In particular, observing the selector module 17 from above (FIG. 23) one will note the presence, on one side and the other, of the selector module of the first conveyance surface 60a and the second conveyance surface 60b of the third conveyance device 60, the third conveyance surface 53c, the first conveyance surface 53a and the second conveyance surface 53b and the first conveyance device 53 and the second conveyance surface 54b being followed by the first conveyance surface 54a of the second conveyance device 54.

(156) The assembly described above will cover substantially the entire transversal extension of the selector module 17, while possibly leaving small gaps between the conveyor belts, which are not such, however, as to enable the occurrence of jamming or falls or otherwise cause problems of any sort to any of the products or the articles conveyable by the singulator.

(157) In this case, too, the third conveyance system 63 will have a respective motor 63b, in particular an electric motor, and a respective transmission 63a (a gear reducer and a belt); the transmission 63a will be active on a respective shaft 68 (see FIG. 26) in order to move the first and second surfaces 60a, 60b with the same advancement speed from the inlet station 18 to the outlet station 19.

(158) In this way, the two conveyor belts 64, 65 will also move at the same forward speed, which being controlled independently, may be different, or in any case independent, both of the first advancement speed of the first conveyance device 53 and the advancement speed of the belts of the second conveyance device 54.

(159) It should also be noted that the specific embodiment has conveyor belts 55, 56, 57, 61, 62, 64, 65, though the same functions might be obtained through the use of respective roller conveyors with different coefficients of friction (e.g. smooth rollers flanked by rubber-coated rollers); the various functions can also be obtained from a single continuous roller conveyor having axes of rotation that are perpendicular to the main advancement direction 6, in which the various above-described conveyance surfaces will differ due to portions having different coefficients of friction. It will also be possible to use conveyor belts having suitable holes in which idle rollers are mounted, and which also have different coefficients of friction according to the conveyance surfaces that they are intended to define.

(160) The above is intended to demonstrate that there can be different embodiments of the selector module 17 according to the third embodiment, as long as they can allow an active conveyance of articles placed on the various conveyance surfaces, which determine, in cooperation with an article 5, a different coefficient of friction, as described.

(161) From the point of view of distribution, the surfaces of a same module (converger, diverger or selector) defining a coefficient of friction greater than that of other surfaces are placed in zones where a stream of articles is expected to be received according to the three advancement lines A, B, C.

(162) The conveyance surface 53a, which is intended to receive the greatest flow of articles, will have larger dimensions so that the flow can be optimally managed; on the other hand, the surfaces intended to receive the articles arriving from the advancement lines B and C will have smaller transversal dimensions, as they will generally be designed to process a smaller number of articles.

(163) The presence between the aforementioned surfaces 53a and 54a and 60a of additional low-friction conveyance surfaces also enables at least partially anomalous situations to be managed.

(164) In fact, the presence of motorized belts in the zones between the high-friction belts firstly enables removal of any incoming articles that are not arranged in one of the three advancement lines A, B, C due to an error of singulation.

(165) Furthermore, a product that might be, for example, in the advancement line B, and thus reach the first conveyance surface 54a, but which has very large transversal dimensions, such as to involve the other additional low-friction conveyance surfaces 54b and 53b, will receive a greater push from the higher-friction belt 54a, but also a contribution for pushing from the second conveyance surface 54b (and even if of a smaller entity). If, for any reason, the central zone 21 were not moved, the second conveyance surface 53b would be stationary, but they would not exhibit a high coefficient of friction and there would be a minimal influence on the conveyance and rotation of any product supported on the three conveyance surfaces mentioned above.

(166) On the other hand, if the low-friction conveyance surfaces were passive surfaces, even at low friction this could also lead to partial rotations, especially of products on high-friction belts of ends having smaller transversal dimensions.

(167) The presence of belts able to determine, in cooperation with an article 5, a differentiated coefficient of friction enables, as described above, the management of any critical situations in which articles might be in undesired zones but in any case enables management of optimal transversal dimensions with only three motor drives, thus in any case differentiating the effect on the articles and simulating the presence of a plurality of motor drives/belts.

(168) FIGS. 19A to 190 are examples illustrating the operation of the singulator briefly described above.

(169) As can be seen from FIG. 19A, a plurality of articles arrive in loose order via the inlet conveyor belt to the inlet station 3 of the converger module.

(170) Observing the following sequence of figures, one can see that the converger module tends to bring the various articles 5 to the first zone 7, creating a first file or line of advancement of the singulated products.

(171) Where two or more items are pushed into the same portion of the first zone 7 of the converger module 2, obviously only one of the articles would remain resting in the first zone 7, while the remainder would rest in the second or third zone (FIGS. 19C, 19D).

(172) From here the articles enter the diverger module 10.

(173) Those resting in the first zone 7 come into direct contact with the first zone 13 of the diverger module.

(174) On the other hand, all the articles that had not been brought to the central zone (the first zone of the converger module and the first zone of the diverger module) are directed externally away from the first zone 13 towards the third or the fifth zone of the diverger module 10 until they come to rest on the lateral walls 42, 43 or in any case come into contact with the third and fifth zones of the diverger module 10.

(175) In this way, three lines of products will be generated at the outlet station 12 of the diverger module 10, which products will advance only along the main advancement direction 6: a first line A at the outlet from the first zone 13 of the diverger module 10, a second line B at the outlet of the resting/unloading station 12 and conveyed from the third zone 16 of the diverger module and a third line C supported and conveyed by the fifth zone of the diverger module 10.

(176) At this stage of singulation, all products have been distributed over the three advancement lines A, B, C.

(177) In this situation the articles pass through the detection system 27 and enter the selector module 17.

(178) Thanks to the detection system 27, the control unit 22 is aware of the exact positioning of the individual articles along the three advancement lines A, B, C.

(179) In the event that the simultaneous presence at a same cross section of the conveyor module 17 of two or more articles is detected on two or more advancement lines, the control unit 22 itself can differentiate the speed profiles of the three zones in which the three product lines are located in such a way as to achieve the outfeed of a single product at a time from the outlet station 19 irrespective of whether superimposed articles along the transverse direction are on different lines (see the sequence of FIGS. 19E to 19G, where the article 5b superimposed on the article 5a is halted until the former has completely exited).

(180) In this way, it is ensured that at the outlet of the singulator, the products which are mainly on the central line A and possibly the auxiliary lines B and C are in any case longitudinally spaced from one another and can therefore be automatically managed and singulated in single file with known techniques.

(181) In particular, the configurations that the system can assume overall are illustrated for example in FIGS. 20, 21 and 22, which illustrate, merely by way of example, a configuration with two singulators on the inlet side of a conveyance line (FIG. 21) and also an individual singulator provided, downstream of the selector module 17, with an element having converging lateral walls for bringing the elements into single file.

(182) It should also be noted, particularly with reference to FIG. 28, that the singulator of the present description can also provide an opportunity to divert articles in transit after the articles themselves have passed through the converger module, diverger module and the selector module, should problems of a following type occur: products not singulated or introduced products which exceed the maximum size limit for processing in the subsequent stations.

(183) For this purpose, use of a switcher 100 is included, in particular a vertical switcher, i.e. a structure that can define a main advancement path (condition of normal use and advancement of articles) and a switching path in which the articles can be sent to a reject area.

(184) In particular, the vertical switcher 100 illustrated in FIG. 29 essentially consists of two conveyor belts 101, 102 tilting around respective opposite axes in such a manner as to define an aligned condition (generally the normal passage of the articlesFIG. 28 and direction 6a in FIG. 29) and an open configuration (FIG. 29direction 6b) in which the respective ends, usually in proximity, of the first and second belts 101, 102 are vertically distanced and divert the flow of products.

(185) What is described above enables control by activation, for example, by the control unit 22, of the opening/closing of the vertical switcher 100 and therefore the normal functioning or unloading of the products towards the unloading zone.

Advantages of the Invention

(186) The embodiments described and illustrated above achieve significant advantages.

(187) First of all, the structure of the diverger module serves to ensure the separation, and consequently singulation, of articles irrespective of the condition in which the latter arrive from the converger module 2. In greater detail, the ascent zone 15 prevents the articles 5 advancing in the first zone 13 of the diverger module 10 and at least partially overlapping the articles advancing in the second and/or fourth zones 14 and 24 from squashing and holding back the latter: in this way it is possible to ensure that the latter articles will be moved away from the first zone 13.

(188) Moreover, the singulator presented in its various embodiments is compact and involves modest costs.

(189) The singulating operations are obtained with a first part (converger module and diverger module) that is substantially mechanically active on the various articles in order to bring them from a loosely ordered condition into a condition in which the articles are arranged in only three advancement lines (a main line and two secondary lines).

(190) The electronic control part is minimized, thus increasing operational reliability, but at the same time ensuring a high level of flexibility, it being possible to manage a fine level of singulation in the selector module 17.

(191) The footprint of the whole device, in both the longitudinal and transversal directions, is rather modest while guaranteeing the ability to handle a rather high number of articles to be singulated per unit of time.