Magnetic-inductive flowmeter and measuring point having a magnetic-inductive flowmeter of this type

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a magnetic-inductive flowmeter for measuring flow velocity of a medium, comprising a measuring tube; an apparatus positioned toward a cross-section of the measuring tube for producing a magnetic field extending perpendicular to a longitudinal direction, wherein the apparatus includes a segment coupling the magnetic field into the medium, wherein the segment surrounds the measuring tube over a first angle; and an electrode system having at least two electrode pairs adapted to register a voltage induced in the medium, wherein a second angle defines a minimum circular sector in which the electrodes located on one side of the measuring tube are distributed, wherein first and second angles are so matched to one another that the flowmeter is insensitive to departures from a rotationally symmetric flow such that the flowmeter in a test measurement has a measurement error of flow velocity less than 1.0%.

Claims

1. A magnetic-inductive flowmeter for measuring flow velocity or volume flow of a medium, the flowmeter comprising: a measuring tube adapted to convey the medium in a longitudinal direction defined by a measuring tube axis, wherein the measuring tube includes an inlet end area and an outlet end area, which delimit the measuring tube in the longitudinal direction; a magnetic field producing apparatus disposed about a cross-section of the measuring tube and configured to generate a magnetic field in the medium extending essentially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, wherein the magnetic field producing apparatus includes a segment configured to couple the magnetic field into the medium and applied on, or at a predetermined minimum distance from, the measuring tube, wherein the segment surrounds the measuring tube over a first angle, which defines a maximum angle of arc in the cross-section of the measuring tube; and an electrode system including at least two electrode pairs, which are adapted to detect a voltage in the medium induced perpendicular to the magnetic field and to the longitudinal direction, wherein a vertical measuring tube longitudinal plane defines a first side and a second side of the measuring tube, wherein a first electrode of an electrode pair of the at least two electrode pairs is disposed on the first side of the measuring tube, wherein a second electrode of the corresponding electrode pair is disposed on the second side, wherein a second angle in the cross-section of the measuring tube defines a minimum circular sector in which the respective first electrodes of the at least two electrode pairs disposed on the first side of the measuring tube are distributed, wherein the first angle and second angle are so matched to each other that the flowmeter is insensitive to departures from a rotationally symmetric flow to a degree such that, in a test measurement, the flowmeter provides a measurement error of flow velocity and/or a measurement error of volume flow of less than 1.0%, wherein the flow velocity and/or the volume flow are/is determined given a flow with fully developed flow profile of the medium, and wherein the flow velocity and/or the volume flow are/is determined given a rotationally asymmetric flow of the medium.

2. The flowmeter of claim 1, wherein, for the test measurement, the rotationally asymmetric flow is generated by a disturbance disposed adjacent the inlet end area and comprising at least one disturbance source.

3. The flowmeter of claim 2, wherein: the disturbance source comprises a diaphragm or a 90° elbow; when the disturbance source is a diaphragm, the diaphragm reduces the cross-section of the measuring tube by about 10%; when the disturbance source is a diaphragm, the diaphragm has a chord that limits the diaphragm toward the tube; when the disturbance source is a diaphragm, the diaphragm assumes a first diaphragm orientation or a second diaphragm orientation, wherein, in the case of the first diaphragm orientation, the chord is oriented perpendicular to the magnetic field and, in the case of the second diaphragm orientation, the chord is oriented in parallel with the magnetic field; and when the disturbance source is a 90° elbow, the 90° elbow assumes a first elbow orientation or a second elbow orientation, wherein the first elbow orientation is defined relative to a first tube axis extending perpendicular to the magnetic field and to the longitudinal direction of the measuring tube, and wherein the second elbow orientation is defined relative to a second tube axis extending in parallel with the magnetic field and perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the measuring tube.

4. The flowmeter of claim 3, wherein the disturbance is disposed at a distance of 0-DN from the inlet end area.

5. The flowmeter of claim 1, wherein the flowmeter is substantially insensitive to departures from the rotationally asymmetric flow profile at a Reynolds number of the medium in the measuring tube greater than or equal to 10,000.

6. The flowmeter of claim 1, wherein the flowmeter comprises three electrode pairs.

7. The flowmeter of claim 1, wherein at least two first electrodes or at least two second electrodes of the at least two electrode pairs that are disposed on the first or second side of the measuring tube, respectively, are connected.

8. The flowmeter of claim 1, wherein the second angle is greater than or equal to 30° and less than or equal to 60°.

9. The flowmeter of claim 1, wherein the first angle is greater than or equal to 50° and the less than or equal to 90°.

10. The flowmeter of claim 1, wherein the second angle is greater than or equal to 40° and less than or equal to 50°, and wherein the first angle is greater than or equal to 70° and the less than or equal to 80°.

11. The flowmeter of claim 1, wherein the magnetic field producing apparatus comprises at least one saddle coil or at least one pole shoe with superimposed coil, either configured to generate a magnetic field in the medium extending perpendicular to the longitudinal direction.

12. The flowmeter of claim 1, wherein the electrodes are arranged axisymmetrically to the vertical measuring tube longitudinal plane.

13. The flowmeter of claim 1, wherein two adjacent first electrodes or two adjacent second electrodes of the at least two electrode pairs disposed on either the first or second side of the measuring tube, respectively, are spaced at a third angle in the cross-section of the measuring tube, the third angle defined as α/(N−1), wherein a is the second angle and N is a natural number corresponding to the number of the at least two electrode pairs.

14. The flowmeter of claim 1, wherein wherein the first angle and second angle are so matched to each other that the flowmeter is insensitive to departures from a rotationally symmetric flow to a degree such that, in the test measurement, the flowmeter provides a measurement error of flow velocity and/or a measurement error of volume flow of less than 0.5%.

15. A measuring point for determining a flow-profile independent flow velocity or volume flow of a medium, the measuring point comprising: a magnetic-inductive flowmeter configured to measure the flow velocity or volume flow of the medium, comprising: a measuring tube adapted to convey the medium in a longitudinal direction defined by a measuring tube axis, wherein the measuring tube includes an inlet end area and an outlet end area, which delimit the measuring tube in the longitudinal direction; a magnetic field producing apparatus disposed about a cross-section of the measuring tube and configured to generate a magnetic field in the medium extending essentially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, wherein the magnetic field producing apparatus includes a segment configured to couple the magnetic field into the medium and applied on, or at a predetermined minimum distance from, the measuring tube, wherein the segment surrounds the measuring tube over a first angle, which defines a maximum angle of arc in the cross-section of the measuring tube; an electrode system including at least two electrode pairs, which are adapted to detect a voltage in the medium induced perpendicular to the magnetic field and to the longitudinal direction, wherein a vertical measuring tube longitudinal plane defines a first side and a second side of the measuring tube, wherein a first electrode of an electrode pair of the at least two electrode pairs is disposed on the first side of the measuring tube, wherein a second electrode of the corresponding electrode pair is disposed on the second side, wherein a second angle in the cross-section of the measuring tube defines a minimum circular sector in which the respective first electrodes of the at least two electrode pairs disposed on the first side of the measuring tube are distributed, wherein the first angle and second angle are so matched to each other that the flowmeter is substantially insensitive to departures from a rotationally symmetric flow, and wherein, in a test measurement, the flowmeter provides a measurement error of flow velocity and/or a measurement error of volume flow of less than 1.0%, wherein the flow velocity and/or the volume flow are/is determined given a flow with fully developed flow profile of the medium, and wherein the flow velocity and/or the volume flow are/is determined given a rotationally asymmetric flow of the medium; and a 90° elbow arranged at a distance of 0-DN at the inlet end area.

16. The measuring point of claim 15, wherein the 90° elbow assumes a first elbow orientation or a second elbow orientation, wherein the first elbow orientation is defined relative to a first tube axis extending perpendicular to the magnetic field and to the longitudinal direction of the measuring tube, and wherein the second elbow orientation is defined relative to a second tube axis extending in parallel with the magnetic field and perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the measuring tube.

17. The measuring point of claim 16, wherein, for the test measurement, the rotationally asymmetric flow is generated by the 90° elbow arranged at the inlet end area, and wherein the 90° elbow is in the first elbow orientation or the second elbow orientation.

18. The measuring point of claim 15, wherein the second angle is greater than or equal to 30° and less than or equal to 60°, and wherein the first angle is greater than or equal to 50° and the less than or equal to 90°.

19. The measuring point of claim 15, wherein the second angle is greater than or equal to 40° and less than or equal to 50°, and wherein the first angle is greater than or equal to 70° and the less than or equal to 80°.

20. The measuring point of claim 15, wherein the flowmeter of the measuring point comprises three electrode pairs.

21. The measuring point of claim 15, wherein at least two first electrodes or at least two second electrodes of the at least two electrode pairs that are disposed on the first or second side of the measuring tube, respectively, are connected.

22. The measuring point of claim 21, wherein the at least two first electrodes or the at least two second electrodes are connected by a stamp-bend part.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) The invention will now be explained in greater detail in the following based on examples of embodiments with reference to the appended drawing, the figures of which show as follows:

(2) FIG. 1a shows a schematic view of a form of embodiment of the magnetic-inductive flowmeter of the present disclosure;

(3) FIG. 1b shows a schematic view of a longitudinal section of a measuring tube;

(4) FIG. 2a shows two schematic views of a diaphragm with a first diaphragm orientation and a second diaphragm orientation, respectively;

(5) FIG. 2b shows two schematic views of a 90° elbow with a first elbow orientation and a second elbow orientation, respectively;

(6) FIG. 3 shows a schematic view of an embodiment of the measuring configuration, in which, in each case, all electrodes located on a side are connected together;

(7) FIG. 4 shows a graph of measuring error as a function of the angles α and β for an 80-DN measuring tube, wherein the x-axis is β in degrees (°), the y-axis is α in degrees(°) and the z-axis is the maximum measurement error in percent (%); and

(8) FIG. 5 shows a graph of maximum deviation of the measured flow velocity due to a disturbed flow profile as a function of nominal diameter of the measuring tube for three different electrode and magnetic field producing apparatus configurations applying three electrode pairs, wherein the x-axis is the nominal diameter in DN values and the y-axis is the maximum measurement error in percent (%).

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(9) The construction and measuring principle of a magnetic-inductive flowmeter is basically known. FIG. 1a shows a schematic cross-section (9 in FIG. 1b) of a known magnetic-inductive flowmeter. Led through measuring tube (1) is a medium, which has an electrical conductivity. A magnetic field producing apparatus (5) is then placed such that the magnetic field lines extend perpendicular to a longitudinal direction (4) defined by the measuring tube axis. Suited as magnetic field producing apparatus (5) is preferably a saddle coil or a pole shoe with superimposed coil. In the case of applied magnetic field, there arises in the measuring tube (1) a distribution of potential, which can be sensed with two electrodes applied at the inner wall of the measuring tube (1). As a rule, these electrodes arranged are diametrically opposite one another and form an electrode axis, which extends perpendicular to the magnetic field lines and to the longitudinal direction (4). Based on the measured voltage, flow velocity u of the medium can be determined based on the magnetic flux density and volume flow V based further on the tube cross-sectional area. In order to prevent the voltage on the electrode system (6) from getting into the pipeline, the inner wall is lined with an insulating material. The magnetic field resulting, for example, from an electromagnet is produced by a clocked direct current of changing polarity. This assures a stable zero-point and makes the measuring insensitive to influences of multiphase materials, inhomogeneities in the liquid or small conductivity.

(10) According to the invention, at least two electrode pairs are used for determining volume flow {dot over (V)}. FIG. 1a shows schematically, by way of example, a magnetic-inductive flowmeter having three electrode pairs.

(11) Besides the electrode system (6), which serves for sensing a potential difference, often additional electrodes in the form of measured substance monitoring- or grounding electrodes are installed in the measuring tube (1). These additional electrodes serve to measure an electrical reference potential or to detect partially filled measuring tubes (1) or to register the temperature of the medium by means of installed temperature detectors. Such are not shown in the schematic view of FIG. 1.

(12) In such case, a first electrode (6.1) of an electrode pair lies on the first side (I) of the measuring tube (1) and a second electrode (6.2) of the electrode pair on the second side (II) of the measuring tube (1). The externally lying electrodes of a side define an angle α in the cross-section (9). The additional electrodes are distributed within the indicated circular segment, preferably at the inner wall of the measuring tube (1).

(13) In the case of the flowmeter shown in FIG. 1a, the electrode system (6) is located in direct contact with the medium; the coupling can, however, such as indicated above, also occur capacitively.

(14) A magnetic-inductive flowmeter includes an inlet end area (2) and an outlet end area (3) (see FIG. 1b). An arrow in FIG. 1b indicates the flow direction of the medium. A 90° elbow (90° E) connected to the inlet end area (2) or a diaphragm (B) affects the flow profile of the medium to create a rotationally asymmetric flow profile in the measuring tube (1).

(15) The magnetic field producing apparatus (5) is usually so designed that the magnetic field lines are distributed as uniformly as possible over the cross-section (9) of the measuring tube. In this way, especially in the case of fully developed flow profiles, measurement errors of less than 0.2% can be achieved. In the case of a rotationally asymmetric flow profile, a uniform magnetic field can act disadvantageously on the accuracy of measurement. This problem can be solved according to the invention by adapting the magnetic field producing apparatus (5), especially by adapting the angle β.

(16) By varying the angle which describes the extent to which a segment of the magnetic field producing apparatus (5) applied on the measuring tube (1) passes around the measuring tube (1), one obtains an additional degree of freedom for reducing the measuring error. A segment coupling the magnetic field into the medium can comprise a pole shoe, which has two legs, even in the form of two circular arcs, adjoining a planar area. Alternatively, a pole shoe can also have completely the shape of a circular arc. In general, a segment coupling the magnetic field into the medium can have any contour, composed of at least one additional segment. For ascertaining the maximum angle β, the segments are taken into consideration, which are essentially responsible for coupling the magnetic field into the medium.

(17) The measurement errors of flow velocity u and volume flow {dot over (V)} are

(18) ${\Delta }_u=.Math.\frac{u_{\nu a}-u_S}{u_{\nu a}}.Math.\mathrm{and}{\Delta }_{\stackrel{.}{V}}=.Math.\frac{{\stackrel{.}{V}}_{\nu a}-{\stackrel{.}{V}}_S}{{\stackrel{.}{V}}_{\nu a}}.Math.,$
respectively, wherein flow velocity u.sub.va and volume flow {dot over (V)}.sub.va are determined in the case of a flow with fully developed flow profile, and flow velocity u.sub.S and volume flow {dot over (V)}.sub.S are determined in the case of a rotationally asymmetric flow profile. In such case, the real volume flow {dot over (V)}.sub.real is in both cases identical and optimally equals the measured volume flow {dot over (V)}.sub.va for fully developed flow profile.

(19) In simulations, a magnetic-inductive flowmeter with three electrode pairs forms the basis for calculating the optimal parameters. The area of the electrodes is greater than point shaped, however, of finite size. The optimizing of the angles α and β proceeds in steps as follows:

(20) In a first step, the angles α and β are so adapted that the measuring error of flow velocity in test measurements with an individual disturbance is minimum. In such case, the disturbance is generated by a diaphragm (B) or a 90° elbow (90° E).

(21) The diaphragm (B), in such case, blocks 10% of the tube cross-section (9) and has a chord, which limits the diaphragm toward the tube. A first diaphragm orientation (B1) or a second diaphragm orientation (B2) is assumed, these being rotated especially by 90° relative to one another. In such case, the chord in the case of the first diaphragm orientation (B1) is oriented perpendicular to the magnetic field and in the case of the second diaphragm orientation (B2) parallel to the magnetic field. The first diaphragm orientation (B1) and the second diaphragm orientation (B2) of a diaphragm (B) are schematically shown in FIG. 2a. The black filled circular segment represents, in such case, the area, which blocks a portion of the cross-sectional area of the measuring tube. In the test measurement, the diaphragm (B) is placed at a distance of 0-DN relative to the inlet end area (2). Alternatively, a 90° elbow (90° E) is connected to the input of the inlet end area (2) at a distance of 0-DN, wherein the 90° elbow (90° E) assumes a first elbow orientation (E1) or a second elbow orientation (E2), these being rotated especially by 90° relative to one another. The first elbow orientation (E1) and the second elbow orientation (E2) of a 90° elbow (90° E), respectively, are shown schematically in FIG. 2b. The selecting of the angles α and β is preferably performed for the two disturbances in their two orientations.

(22) In the second step, that angle pair is determined, whose maximum measurement error for all performed test measurements is minimum.

(23) Shown in FIG. 4, by way of example, is the simulated measurement error (Z axis) for a 500-DN measuring tube (1) as a function of the angle α (Y axis) and the angle β (X axis). Based on this, the minimum of the measuring error is ascertained for a specific disturbance, here an elbow (90° E) optimized as regards first and second elbow orientations (E1, E2). In such case, the first elbow orientation (E1) is distinguished by a tube axis (11) extending perpendicular to the magnetic field and to the longitudinal direction (4) and the second elbow orientation (E2) by a tube axis (11) extending in parallel with the magnetic field and perpendicular to the longitudinal direction (4) (see FIG. 2b). This procedure is repeated for all above mentioned disturbances, wherein in the last step that angle pair is ascertained, which has the smallest measurement error with reference to all test measurements. The values for the angles α and β are adjusted until the resulting measurement error for all test measurements is less than 0.5%, preferably less than 0.2%.

(24) FIG. 3 shows a preferred measuring configuration, in which the individual electrodes located on each side are connected together. The measured voltage corresponds to an average voltage over all electrodes. For example, the electrodes on a side are connected together by individual cables or with a form fitted piece of sheet metal and all electrodes are connected with a control- and evaluation unit (12).

(25) FIG. 5 shows maximum measurement error of the measured flow velocity due to a disturbed flow profile as a function of the nominal diameter of the measuring tube (1) for three different electrodes- and magnetic field producing apparatus configurations using three electrode pairs. The maximum measurement error results, in such case, from the greatest measurement error for the angle pair (α−β) relative to all performed test measurements. The triangles show the maximum measurement error for a magnetic-inductive flowmeter with an angle which is used, for example, in the case of a magnetic-inductive flowmeter of the series, Promag W, of the firm, Endress+Hauser. Used for the angle α is 45° according to EP 0 878 694 A1. By optimizing the weighting of the ascertained voltage values, one obtains a maximum measurement error of 1% for a measuring tube (1) of 50-DN and a maximum measurement error of 2.25% for a measuring tube (1) of 900-DN. The circles show results from simulations, in the case of which also the angle β is varied for optimizing. The angle α is kept constant at 45°. Because of the application of β as supplemental optimizing parameter, the measuring error can be significantly reduced in the presence of an asymmetric flow profile. The squares show results from simulations in the case of which supplementally to the varying of angle β also the angle α, which defines the electrode region, is varied for optimizing.

(26) In such case, weighting the individual voltages on the electrode pairs is omitted, corresponding to a connecting of the electrodes on each side together. In this way, the measurement error occurring due to a rotationally asymmetric flow profile can again be cut in half. For ascertaining the optimal angles α and β, disturbances used were a diaphragm (B) with a first diaphragm orientation (B1), a diaphragm (B) with a second diaphragm orientation (B2), a 90° elbow (90° E) with a first elbow orientation (E1) and a 90° elbow (90° E) with a second elbow orientation (E2).

(27) Based on the above described optimizing method, a magnetic-inductive flowmeter with three electrode pairs, a 150-DN measuring tube (1) and a medium having a flow velocity of 1 m/s has a measurement error of 0.15% in the case of a diaphragm (B) installed with diaphragm orientation (B1) and a measurement error of 0.01% in the case of a diaphragm (B) installed with diaphragm orientation (B2).

(28) Based on the above described optimizing method, a magnetic-inductive flowmeter with three electrode pairs, a 150-DN measuring tube (1) and a medium having a flow velocity of 1 m/s has a measurement error of 0.05% in the case of a 90° elbow (90° E) installed with elbow orientation (E1) and a measurement error of 0.02% in the case of a 90° elbow (90° E) installed with elbow orientation (E2).

(29) Based on the above described optimizing method, a magnetic-inductive flowmeter with three electrode pairs, a 300-DN measuring tube (1) and a medium having a flow velocity of 1 m/s has a measurement error of 0.04% in the case of a diaphragm (B) installed with diaphragm orientation (B1) and a measurement error of 0.21% in the case of an diaphragm (B) installed with diaphragm orientation (B2).

(30) Based on the above described optimizing method, a magnetic-inductive flowmeter with three electrode pairs, a 300-DN measuring tube (1) and a medium having a flow velocity of 1 m/s has a measurement error of 0.04% in the case of a 90° elbow (90° E) installed with elbow orientation (E1) and a measurement error of 0.15% in the case of a 90° elbow (90° E) installed with elbow orientation (E2).

(31) Based on the above described optimizing method, a magnetic-inductive flowmeter with three electrode pairs, a 500-DN measuring tube (1) and a medium having a flow velocity of 1 m/s has a measurement error of 0.07% in the case of a diaphragm (B) installed with diaphragm orientation (B1) and a measurement error of 0.04% in the case of a diaphragm (B) installed with diaphragm orientation (B2).

(32) Based on the above described optimizing method, a magnetic-inductive flowmeter with three electrode pairs, a 500-DN measuring tube (1) and a medium having a flow velocity of 1 m/s has a measurement error of 0.18% in the case of a 90° elbow (90° E) installed with elbow orientation (E1) and a measurement error of 0.09% in the case of a 90° elbow (90° E) installed with elbow orientation (E2).