CARBON CAPTURE COMPOSITION AND SYSTEM

Abstract

The invention is to a carbon capture composition to capture carbon dioxide from an input gas mixture. The carbon capture composition comprises water; an alkali carbonate; and a cross-linked superabsorbent polymer. Also disclosed is a carbon capture system including such carbon capture compositions. Such carbon capture systems are simple, requiring no moving parts, and constructed from existing materials and manufacturing methods, enable an economically sustainable low cost of carbon capture from industrial point sources, road transport vehicles or directly from atmospheric air.

Claims

1-20. (canceled)

20. A system configured to capture carbon dioxide from an input gas mixture comprising carbon dioxide, said system further comprising: a carbon capture composition comprising water, a superabsorbent polymer, and a carbon capture substance selected to chemically combine with said carbon dioxide and said water; said superabsorbent polymer selected to be capable of absorbing 10-1000x its weight in any of said water or an aqueous solution.

21. The system of claim 20, wherein said superabsorbent polymer comprises sodium polyacrylate.

22. The system of claim 20, wherein said carbon capture substance comprises sodium carbonate.

23. The system of claim 20, wherein said carbon capture substance comprises potassium carbonate.

24. The system of claim 20, wherein said superabsorbent polymer further comprises cross-linked polymer chains cross linked by a chemical cross-linker molecule.

25. The system of claim 24, wherein said chemical cross-linker molecule is selected from the group consisting of Trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA), Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), Methylene bis-acrylamide, Allyl methacrylate, and tetraallyl ethoxy ethane.

26. The system of claim 24, wherein said chemical cross-linker molecule comprises less than 5% of total weight of said superabsorbent polymer.

27. The system of claim 20, wherein said carbon capture substance comprises an amine group.

28. The system of claim 27, wherein said carbon capture substance comprises monoethanolamine.

29. The system of claim 20, said system further configured with at least one alternating phase module containing said carbon capture composition, said system further comprising: a cooling mechanism to cool at least one said alternating phase module to a temperature below 50 C., thereby producing at least one absorption phase module; a valve configured to expose at least one said absorption phase module to said input gas mixture, thus enabling at least one said absorption phase module to absorb said carbon dioxide; a heating mechanism to heat at least one said absorption phase module to a temperature above 80 C., thereby converting at least one said absorption phase module into at least one desorption phase module; and a valve configured to enable any previously absorbed carbon dioxide, now released from said carbon capture composition, to exit at least one said desorption phase module.

30. A composition to capture a water soluble gas from an input gas mixture comprising water; a substance capable of chemical combination with the water soluble gas and water; a superabsorbent polymer.

31. The system of claim 29, wherein said system is further configured to capture carbon dioxide from any of: flue gas of power plants; emissions of industrial processing of any of cement, steel or petroleum; exhaust of motor vehicles; or directly from atmospheric air.

32. The system of claim 22, wherein said carbon capture composition further comprises sodium carbonate and water in a weight ratio of about 1:4, said superabsorbent polymer comprises sodium polyacrylate comprising a weight percent of 5 to 10 percent of said carbon capture composition, and wherein said superabsorbent polymer further comprises less than 5% cross linker by weight percent.

33. The system of claim 20, wherein said superabsorbent polymer comprises sodium polyacrylate; wherein superabsorbent polymer further comprises cross-linked polymer chains; and wherein said carbon capture substance comprises any of an alkali carbonate or a substance comprising an amine group.

34. A system configured to capture carbon dioxide from an input gas mixture comprising carbon dioxide, said system further comprising: a carbon capture composition comprising water, a superabsorbent polymer, and a carbon capture substance selected to chemically combine with said carbon dioxide and said water; wherein said superabsorbent polymer comprises sodium polyacrylate; wherein superabsorbent polymer further comprises cross-linked polymer chains; and wherein said carbon capture substance comprises any of an alkali carbonate or a substance comprising an amine group; said system further configured with at least one alternating phase module containing said carbon capture composition, said system further comprising: a cooling mechanism to cool at least one said alternating phase module to a temperature below 50 C., thereby producing at least one absorption phase module; a valve configured to expose at least one said absorption phase module to said input gas mixture, thus enabling at least one said absorption phase module to absorb said carbon dioxide.

Description

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] FIG. 1 is a schematic of an embodiment of the carbon capture system including the carbon capture composition in two symmetric carbon capture modules, operating in tandem: the absorption phase module is exposed to an CO.sub.2 containing input gas mixture while in a cool water bath; the desorption phase module is heated in a hot water bath, releasing the absorbed CO.sub.2 for further processing (compression, transport, utilization or sequestration).

[0031] The absorption and desorption phases will alternate roles while the valves open/close and the water heating/cooling circulation cycle reverses flow accordingly. Not shown in the schematic are means for exhausting the CO.sub.2-free gas and means for chilling/heating the water, which may be part of the existing heat exchanger of the industrial or transport process.

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