ECO-FRIENDLY HIGH-PERFORMANCE ALL-SOLID-WASTE SOIL-BINDING MATERIAL AND PREPARATION METHOD AND USE METHOD THEREOF

Abstract

The present disclosure provides an eco-friendly high-performance all-solid-waste soil-binding material and a preparation method and use method thereof, and relates to the field of weak soil solidifying agents. The eco-friendly high-performance all-solid-waste soil-binding material includes the following components in parts by weight: a slag powder: 30 parts to 60 parts, a fly ash: 10 parts to 25 parts, a steel-slag powder: 10 parts to 30 parts, an alkaline residue powder: 5 parts to 15 parts, and a lithium-battery solid waste: 5 parts to 15 parts. The implementation of the present disclosure can improve a solidification strength of the soil-binding material, reduce a cost of the soil-binding material, and makes the soil-binding material eco-friendly.

Claims

1. An eco-friendly high-performance all-solid-waste soil-binding material, comprising the following components in parts by weight: a slag powder: 30 parts to 60 parts, a fly ash: 10 parts to 25 parts, a steel-slag powder: 10 parts to 30 parts, an alkaline residue powder: 5 parts to 15 parts, and a lithium-battery solid waste: 5 parts to 15 parts, wherein main mineral components of the alkaline residue powder are calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, and calcium chloride; the lithium-battery solid waste is a waste residue produced in a recycling process of a waste lithium battery, a main mineral component of the lithium-battery solid waste is sodium sulfate, and a total content of Ni, Mn, and Co in the lithium-battery solid waste is 1 mg/g to 25 mg/g; a sum of parts by weight of the slag powder, the fly ash, the steel-slag powder, the alkaline residue powder, and the lithium-battery solid waste is 100 parts; and a chemical composition of the alkaline residue powder conforms to the following relationships: ${\mathrm{LOI}}_{1300}/{\mathrm{LOI}}_{1000}=1\text{.22}-1.45$ $w_{\mathrm{MgO}}/\left(w_{{\mathrm{Na}}_{2}O}+{\mathrm{LOI}}_{1300}\right)=0.2-0.4$ wherein LOI.sub.1300 represents a mass loss rate of an absolutely-dry alkaline residue powder after being burned at 1,300 C. to a constant weight, LOI.sub.1000 represents a mass loss rate of the absolutely-dry alkaline residue powder after being burned at 1,000 C. to a constant weight, w.sub.MgO represents a MgO content in the absolutely-dry alkaline residue powder that is determined by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) analysis, and w.sub.Na.sub.2.sub.O represents a Na.sub.2O content in the absolutely-dry alkaline residue powder that is determined by ICP analysis.

2. The eco-friendly high-performance all-solid-waste soil-binding material according to claim 1, wherein the slag powder is an S95-grade slag powder or an S105-grade slag powder; the fly ash is a grade I fly ash or a grade II fly ash; and the steel-slag powder is a grade I steel-slag powder or a grade II steel-slag powder.

3. The eco-friendly high-performance all-solid-waste soil-binding material according to claim 1, wherein an activity index of the slag powder is higher than or equal to 95%, an activity index of the fly ash is higher than or equal to 70%, and an activity index of the steel-slag powder is higher than or equal to 65%.

4. The eco-friendly high-performance all-solid-waste soil-binding material according to claim 1, wherein a moisture content of the alkaline residue powder is higher than or equal to 20 wt %, and a moisture content of the lithium-battery solid waste is higher than or equal to 10 wt %.

5. A preparation method of an eco-friendly high-performance all-solid-waste soil-binding material, wherein the preparation method is used to prepare the eco-friendly high-performance all-solid-waste soil-binding material according to claim 1, and comprises: providing a slag powder, a fly ash, a steel-slag powder, an alkaline residue powder, and a lithium-battery solid waste, and packaging the slag powder, the fly ash, the steel-slag powder, the alkaline residue powder, and the lithium-battery solid waste separately; or providing and mixing the alkaline residue powder and the lithium-battery solid waste to obtain a first mixture; providing and mixing the slag powder, the fly ash, and the steel-slag powder to obtain a second mixture; and packaging the first mixture and the second mixture separately.

6. A use method of an eco-friendly high-performance all-solid-waste soil-binding material, wherein the use method is used to use the eco-friendly high-performance all-solid-waste soil-binding material according to claim 1, and comprises: arranging a first slurry pool, and adding an alkaline residue powder, a lithium-battery solid waste, and a first preset amount of water to the first slurry pool to prepare a first slurry with a first moisture content; arranging a second slurry pool, and adding a slag powder, a fly ash, a steel-slag powder, and a second preset amount of water to the second slurry pool to prepare a second slurry with a second moisture content; mixing the first slurry and the second slurry thoroughly to obtain a third slurry; and mixing the third slurry with a soil to be solidified by a mixing pile machine.

7. A use method of an eco-friendly high-performance all-solid-waste soil-binding material, wherein the use method is used to use the eco-friendly high-performance all-solid-waste soil-binding material according to claim 1, and comprises: arranging a first slurry pool, and adding a mixture of an alkaline residue powder and a lithium-battery solid waste and a first preset amount of water to the first slurry pool to prepare a first slurry with a first moisture content; arranging a second slurry pool, and adding a mixture of a slag powder, a fly ash, and a steel-slag powder and a second preset amount of water to the second slurry pool to prepare a second slurry with a second moisture content; mixing the first slurry and the second slurry thoroughly to obtain a third slurry; and mixing the third slurry with a soil to be solidified by a mixing pile machine.

8. The use method of an eco-friendly high-performance all-solid-waste soil-binding material according to claim 6, wherein the first moisture content is 60%; and the second moisture content is 60%.

9. The use method of an eco-friendly high-performance all-solid-waste soil-binding material according to claim 7, wherein the first moisture content is 60%; and the second moisture content is 60%.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present disclosure clear, the present disclosure will be further described in detail below in combination with specific embodiments.

[0038] The present disclosure provides an eco-friendly high-performance all-solid-waste soil-binding material, including the following components in parts by weight: [0039] a slag powder: 30 parts to 60 parts, a fly ash: 10 parts to 25 parts, a steel-slag powder: 10 parts to 30 parts, an alkaline residue powder: 5 parts to 15 parts, and a lithium-battery solid waste: 5 parts to 15 parts.

[0040] The slag powder is a powder material obtained by grinding a granulated blast furnace slag to a specified fineness degree. The slag powder has a high potential activity, and can undergo a hydration reaction under alkaline excitation conditions to improve a solidification strength. Specifically, in the formula of the eco-friendly high-performance all-solid-waste soil-binding material of the present disclosure, a grade of the slag powder is no less than S95. Specifically, the slag powder can be an S95-grade slag powder or an S105-grade slag powder, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. A 28 d activity index of the slag powder is higher than or equal to 95% (a determination method can be seen in GB/T 18046-2017), such as 95.5%, 97%, or 98%, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto.

[0041] The slag powder can be used in 30 parts to 60 parts, such as 35 parts, 40 parts, 45 parts, 50 parts, or 55 parts, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto.

[0042] The fly ash is a solid waste collected from a flue gas produced after coal combustion. The fly ash includes SiAlNa (K)-Caglassy phases, has a strong activity, and can serve as a silicon source and a calcium source to participate in a hydration reaction to produce hydrated calcium silicate. In addition, the glassy phases can be corroded by the alkaline residue powder, and then react with sulfate ions in the alkaline residue powder and the lithium-battery solid waste to produce needle and rod-like ettringite, thereby improving a solidification strength. Specifically, in the formula of the eco-friendly high-performance all-solid-waste soil-binding material of the present disclosure, the fly ash can be a grade I fly ash or a grade II fly ash. A 28 d activity index of the fly ash is higher than or equal to 70% (a determination method can be seen in GB/T 1596-2017), such as 70.5%, 72%, 74%, 76%, or 80%, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto.

[0043] The fly ash can be used in 10 parts to 25 parts, such as 12 parts, 15 parts, 18 parts, 21 parts, or 24 parts, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto.

[0044] The steel-slag powder is a powder produced by grinding a waste slag produced in an ironmaking process of a converter or an electric furnace. The steel-slag powder includes a silicate and a ferrate, and has a specified activity. Specifically, in the eco-friendly high-performance all-solid-waste soil-binding material of the present disclosure, the steel-slag powder is a grade I steel-slag powder or a grade II steel-slag powder, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. A 28 d activity index of the steel-slag powder is higher than or equal to 65% (a determination method can be seen in GB/T 20491-2017), such as 67%, 69%, or 71%, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto.

[0045] The steel-slag powder can be used in 10 parts to 30 parts, such as 12 parts, 15 parts, 18 parts, 21 parts, or 24 parts, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto.

[0046] The alkaline residue powder is a by-product generated in a soda ash preparation process. Main components of the alkaline residue powder are calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, calcium chloride, or the like. The alkaline residue powder includes fine particles with a particle size of 2 m to 20 m. In the alkaline residue powder, calcium carbonate fine particles can fill the internal pores of a soil solidified by the soil-binding material, and coarse particles serve as a framework for a soil solidified by the soil-binding material, which can improve the structural compactness and the overall strength. Calcium chloride can stimulate the hydration of the steel-slag powder and the slag powder to produce hydrated calcium silicate to cement soil particles, thereby improving a strength of a solidified soil. The calcium sulfate and other free calcium in the alkaline residue powder can also react with sulfate ions in the lithium-battery solid waste and calcium silicate produced after the hydration of the steel-slag powder and the slag powder to produce ettringite, which causes a volume expansion to further improve the compactness of a solidified soil. The residual alkali in the alkaline residue powder can serve as an alkaline activator to dissolve effective components such as glassy phases of silicon-oxygen tetrahedra and aluminum-oxygen tetrahedra in an admixture (the slag powder, the fly ash, and the steel-slag powder), such that the admixture has a prominent binding effect and strength. The residual alkali in the alkaline residue powder can also react with heavy metal ions such as cobalt, nickel, and manganese ions remaining in the lithium-battery solid waste to produce solid hydroxides, and these solid heavy metal hydroxides can be solidified and encapsulated when a soil is solidified by the soil-binding material, such that the environment will not be polluted. Specifically, the alkaline residue powder can be used in 5 parts to 15 parts, such as 6 parts, 7.5 parts, 9 parts, 10.5 parts, 12 parts, or 13.5 parts, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto.

[0047] Preferably, in an embodiment of the present disclosure, a chemical composition of the alkaline residue powder conforms to the following relationships:

[00002]${\mathrm{LOI}}_{1300}/{\mathrm{LOI}}_{1000}=1\text{.22}-1.45$ [0048] where LOI.sub.1300 represents a mass loss rate of an absolutely-dry alkaline residue powder after being burned at 1,300 C. to a constant weight and LOI.sub.1000 represents a mass loss rate of the absolutely-dry alkaline residue powder after being burned at 1,000 C. to a constant weight, where the absolutely-dry alkaline residue powder is obtained by drying the alkaline residue powder at 50 C. to 120 C. to a constant weight. In the alkaline residue powder based on this chemical composition, a content of the mineral component calcium sulfate is relatively high, which can effectively increase a content of ettringite produced after solidification and effectively improve a solidification strength.

[0049] Preferably, in an embodiment of the present disclosure, a chemical composition of the alkaline residue powder conforms to the following relationships:

[00003]$w_{\mathrm{MgO}}/\left(w_{{\mathrm{Na}}_{2}O}+{\mathrm{LOI}}_{1300}\right)=0.2-0.4$ [0050] where LOI.sub.1300 represents a mass loss rate of an absolutely-dry alkaline residue powder after being burned at 1,300 C. to a constant weight, w.sub.MgO represents a MgO content in the absolutely-dry alkaline residue powder that is determined by ICP analysis, and w.sub.Na.sub.2.sub.O represents a Na.sub.2O content in the absolutely-dry alkaline residue powder that is determined by ICP analysis. The alkaline residue powder based on this chemical composition has a high free alkali content, which can ensure the effective excitation of other raw materials and improve a solidification strength. In addition, there can be enough alkali to achieve the immobilization of heavy metals in the lithium-battery solid waste, which can increase the consumption of the lithium-battery solid waste, increase a content of ettringite produced after solidification, and effectively improve a solidification strength.

[0051] Because there are some free Cl ions in the alkaline residue powder, the alkaline residue powder generally does not cause a damage to a steel product in contact with the alkaline residue powder under alkaline conditions. However, if a large amount of an alkali is immobilized and neutralized, the free Cl ions can corrode the steel product, which limits an application scope of the soil-binding material in the present disclosure. The inventors of the present disclosure have found through a large number of studies that free alkalies mostly exist in the Mg(OH).sub.2 phase and free chloride ions mostly exist in the NaCl and CaCl.sub.2 phases in the alkaline residue powder, and through the joint control of MgO, Na.sub.2O, and LOI.sub.1300, a content of the free alkalies and a content of the free Cl ions can be effectively controlled to solve the corrosion problem.

[0052] A moisture content of the alkaline residue powder is higher than or equal to 20 wt % and preferably 20 wt % to 40 wt %. Based on the preparation method and the use method of the present disclosure, the alkaline residue powder can be effectively utilized without dehydration and drying.

[0053] The lithium-battery solid waste refers to a waste residue with sodium sulfate as a main mineral component that is generated in a production process of a cathode material of a lithium battery or in a recycling process of a waste lithium battery. Preferably, in an embodiment of the present disclosure, the lithium-battery solid waste is a waste residue produced in a recycling process of a waste lithium battery, which is limited by a later recycling process. Such a lithium-battery solid waste often includes some heavy metals, such as Ni, Mn, and Co (which exist in the form of a sulfate). Specifically, a total content of Ni, Mn, and Co is 1 mg/g to 25 mg/g. In the present disclosure, the alkaline residue powder is introduced to allow the immobilization of these heavy metals, such that an environmental pollution can be avoided, sulfate ions bound with these heavy metals are released, and ettringite is produced after solidification to improve a solidification strength.

[0054] The lithium-battery solid waste can be used in 5 parts to 15 parts, such as 6 parts, 8 parts, 10 parts, 12 parts, or 14 parts. Preferably, through the control of the chemical composition of the alkaline residue powder, the amount of the lithium-battery solid waste can be increased to 10 parts to 15 parts.

[0055] A moisture content of the lithium-battery solid waste is higher than or equal to 10 wt % and preferably 10 wt % to 30 wt %. Based on the preparation method and the use method of the present disclosure, the lithium-battery solid waste can be effectively utilized without dehydration and drying.

[0056] Correspondingly, the present disclosure also discloses a preparation method of an eco-friendly high-performance all-solid-waste soil-binding material, including: A slag powder, a fly ash, a steel-slag powder, an alkaline residue powder, and a lithium-battery solid waste are provided and packaged separately. Or, the alkaline residue powder and the lithium-battery solid waste are provided and mixed to obtain a first mixture, the slag powder, the fly ash, and the steel-slag powder are provided and mixed to obtain a second mixture, and the first mixture and the second mixture are packaged separately.

[0057] Correspondingly, the present disclosure also discloses a use method of an eco-friendly high-performance all-solid-waste soil-binding material, including the following steps: [0058] (1) A first slurry pool is arranged, and an alkaline residue powder, a lithium-battery solid waste, and a first preset amount of water are added to the first slurry pool to prepare a first slurry with a first moisture content. The first moisture content is 45% to 65% and preferably 60%. [0059] (2) A second slurry pool is arranged, and a slag powder, a fly ash, a steel-slag powder, and a second preset amount of water are added to the second slurry pool to prepare a second slurry with a second moisture content. The second moisture content is 45% to 65% and preferably 60%. [0060] (3) The first slurry and the second slurry are mixed thoroughly to obtain a third slurry.

[0061] The first slurry and the second slurry can be mixed in the second slurry pool. A third slurry pool can be additionally arranged, and the first slurry and the second slurry can be mixed in the third slurry pool. [0062] (4) The third slurry is mixed with a soil to be solidified by a mixing pile machine.

[0063] Correspondingly, the present disclosure also discloses another use method of an eco-friendly high-performance all-solid-waste soil-binding material, including the following steps: [0064] (1) A first slurry pool is arranged, and a mixture of an alkaline residue powder and a lithium-battery solid waste and a first preset amount of water are added to the first slurry pool to prepare a first slurry with a first moisture content. The first moisture content is 45% to 65% and preferably 60%. [0065] (2) A second slurry pool is arranged, and a mixture of a slag powder, a fly ash, and a steel-slag powder and a second preset amount of water are added to the second slurry pool to prepare a second slurry with a second moisture content. The second moisture content is 45% to 65% and preferably 60%. [0066] (3) The first slurry and the second slurry are mixed thoroughly to obtain a third slurry.

[0067] The first slurry and the second slurry can be mixed in the second slurry pool. A third slurry pool can be additionally arranged, and the first slurry and the second slurry can be mixed in the third slurry pool. [0068] (4) The third slurry is mixed with a soil to be solidified by a mixing pile machine.

[0069] The present disclosure is described below with reference to specific examples.

[0070] Properties of weak soil samples tested in each example are shown in the following table:

TABLE-US-00001 Measured No. Item value Remarks 1 Natural moisture 51.7 Oven-drying method content, % 2 Natural density, g/cm.sup.3 1.73 Cutting ring method 3 Dry density, g/cm.sup.3 1.56 Cutting ring method 4 Saturation, % 90.12 5 Porosity, % 40.07 6 Liquid limit, % 48.15 76 g cone, 10 mm, liquid- 7 Plastic limit, % 30.74 plastic limit combined 8 Plasticity index 17.41 method 9 Cohesion, kPa 12.36 Direct quick shear test 10 Friction angle, 8.41

Example 1

[0071] An eco-friendly high-performance all-solid-waste soil-binding material was provided in this example. A formula of the soil-binding material was as follows: [0072] an S95-grade slag powder: 45 parts, a grade I class F fly ash: 20 parts, a grade I steel-slag powder: 15 parts, an alkaline residue powder: 10 parts, and a lithium-battery solid waste: 10 parts.

[0073] A 28 d activity index of the S95-grade slag powder was 98.5%, a 28 d activity index of the grade I class F fly ash was 73%, and a 28 d activity index of the grade I steel-slag powder was 67%. The lithium-battery solid waste was a waste residue produced in a recycling process of a waste lithium battery. In the lithium-battery solid waste, a total content of Ni, Mn, and Co was 23.4 mg/g, and a moisture content was 16.3 wt %.

[0074] The alkaline residue powder had a moisture content of 28.5 wt %, LOI.sub.1300 of 21.9 wt %, LOI.sub.1000 of 15.9 wt %, w.sub.MgO of 7.82 wt %, and w.sub.Na2O of 4.12 wt %.

Example 2

[0075] An eco-friendly high-performance all-solid-waste soil-binding material was provided in this example. A formula of the soil-binding material was as follows: [0076] an S95-grade slag powder: 45 parts, a grade I class F fly ash: 20 parts, a grade I steel-slag powder: 15 parts, an alkaline residue powder: 10 parts, and a lithium-battery solid waste: 10 parts.

[0077] A 28 d activity index of the S95-grade slag powder was 98.5%, a 28 d activity index of the grade I class F fly ash was 73%, and a 28 d activity index of the grade I steel-slag powder was 67%. The lithium-battery solid waste was a waste residue produced in a recycling process of a waste lithium battery. In the lithium-battery solid waste, a total content of Ni, Mn, and Co was 23.4 mg/g, and a moisture content was 16.3 wt %.

[0078] The alkaline residue powder had a moisture content of 31.3 wt %, LOI.sub.1300 of 26.75 wt %, LOI.sub.1000 of 20.61 wt %, w.sub.MgO of 6.5 wt %, and w.sub.Na2O of 7.23 wt %.

Example 3

[0079] An eco-friendly high-performance all-solid-waste soil-binding material was provided in this example. A formula of the soil-binding material was as follows: [0080] an S95-grade slag powder: 45 parts, a grade I class F fly ash: 20 parts, a grade I steel-slag powder: 15 parts, an alkaline residue powder: 10 parts, and a lithium-battery solid waste: 10 parts.

[0081] A 28 d activity index of the S95-grade slag powder was 98.5%, a 28 d activity index of the grade I class F fly ash was 73%, and a 28 d activity index of the grade I steel-slag powder was 67%. The lithium-battery solid waste was a waste residue produced in a recycling process of a waste lithium battery. In the lithium-battery solid waste, a total content of Ni, Mn, and Co was 23.4 mg/g, and a moisture content was 16.3 wt %.

[0082] The alkaline residue powder had a moisture content of 35.4 wt %, LOI.sub.1300 of 19.4 wt %, LOI.sub.1000 of 16.3 wt %, w.sub.MgO of 9.24 wt %, and w.sub.Na2O of 8.15 wt %.

Example 4

[0083] An eco-friendly high-performance all-solid-waste soil-binding material was provided in this example. A formula of the soil-binding material was as follows: [0084] an S95-grade slag powder: 45 parts, a grade I class F fly ash: 20 parts, a grade I steel-slag powder: 15 parts, an alkaline residue powder: 10 parts, and a lithium-battery solid waste: 10 parts.

[0085] A 28 d activity index of the S95-grade slag powder was 98.5%, a 28 d activity index of the grade I class F fly ash was 73%, and a 28 d activity index of the grade I steel-slag powder was 67%. The lithium-battery solid waste was a waste residue produced in a recycling process of a waste lithium battery. In the lithium-battery solid waste, a total content of Ni, Mn, and Co was 23.4 mg/g, and a moisture content was 16.3 wt %.

[0086] The alkaline residue powder had a moisture content of 23.5 wt %, LOI.sub.1300 of 22.5 wt %, LOI.sub.1000 of 18.6 wt %, w.sub.MgO of 3.23 wt %, and w.sub.Na2O of 5.12 wt %.

Comparative Example 1

[0087] An S95-grade slag powder: 60 parts, a grade I class F fly ash: 20 parts, a grade I steel-slag powder: 10 parts, and a lithium-battery solid waste: 10 parts.

[0088] A 28 d activity index of the S95-grade slag powder was 98.5%, a 28 d activity index of the grade I class F fly ash was 73%, and a 28 d activity index of the grade I steel-slag powder was 67%. The lithium-battery solid waste was a waste residue produced in a recycling process of a waste lithium battery. In the lithium-battery solid waste, a total content of Ni, Mn, and Co was 23.4 mg/g, and a moisture content was 16.3 wt %.

Comparative Example 2

[0089] An S95-grade slag powder: 60 parts, a grade I class F fly ash: 20 parts, a grade I steel-slag powder: 10 parts, and an alkaline residue powder: 10 parts.

[0090] A 28 d activity index of the S95-grade slag powder was 98.5%, a 28 d activity index of the grade I class F fly ash was 73%, and a 28 d activity index of the grade I steel-slag powder was 67%.

[0091] The alkaline residue powder had a moisture content of 31.3 wt %, LOI.sub.1300 of 26.75 wt %, LOI.sub.1000 of 20.61 wt %, w.sub.MgO of 6.5 wt %, and w.sub.Na2O of 7.2 wt %.

Comparative Example 3

[0092] An S95-grade slag powder: 60 parts, a grade I class F fly ash: 20 parts, and a grade I steel-slag powder: 20 parts.

[0093] A 28 d activity index of the S95-grade slag powder was 98.5%, a 28 d activity index of the grade I class F fly ash was 73%, and a 28 d activity index of the grade I steel-slag powder was 67%.

[0094] The soil-binding materials in Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 each were mixed thoroughly with water according to a water/soil-binding material ratio of 0.6 and then mixed with a weak soil sample (according to a proportion of 15%), and solidification was conducted for 28 d. Then, the properties each were determined. Specific test results are shown in the following table:

TABLE-US-00002 Example Example Example Example Comparative Comparative Comparative Performance indexes 1 2 3 4 Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Unconfined 2.9 1.9 1.6 1.7 0.9 1.1 0.4 compressive strength/(MPa, 28 d) Permeability 1.04 2.13 2.41 2.75 4.76 3.92 9.21 coefficient/(10.sup.6 cm/s, 28 d) Unconfined 8.75 11.74 14.03 16.24 55.67 31.42 95.41 compressive strength loss rate under freeze-thaw cycles/(%, 15 cycles) Notes: An unconfined compressive strength is tested according to the Specification for Mix Proportion Design of Cement Soil JGJ/T 233. A permeability coefficient test and a freeze-thaw cycle test are conducted with reference to the Test Methods of Soils for Highway Engineering (JTG 3430-2020).

[0095] The above are merely preferred implementations of the present disclosure. It should be noted that a person of ordinary skill in the art may further make several improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present disclosure, but such improvements and modifications should be deemed as falling within the protection scope of the present disclosure.