MELTING DEVICE

Abstract

The present invention relates to a melting device, comprising a melting space in which material can be melted and which is enclosed by at least a bottom wall and a side wall, the melting device further comprising at least one electric heater (E) and at least one submerged burner (F) disposed in the melting space to heat material.

Claims

1-15. (canceled)

16. A melting device, comprising a melting space in which material can be melted and which is enclosed by at least a bottom wall and a side wall, characterized in that the melting device further comprises at least one electric heater (E) and at least one submerged burner (F) disposed in the melting space to heat material.

17. The melting device of claim 16, wherein the submerged burner (F) and the electric heater (E) are configured such that a hot point (K) in the melting space is located downstream of the submerged burner (F) in a melt flow direction, the melt flow direction being a direction in which a material melt flows in the melting space and is discharged from the melting space.

18. The melting device of claim 16, wherein, in a melt flow direction in which a material melt flows in the melting space and is discharged from the melting space, the submerged burner (F) is disposed upstream of the electric heater (E).

19. The melting device of claim 16, wherein the submerged burner (F) and the electric heater (E) are configured such that, of the energy used to heat and melt material, 50% or more and preferably 70%-80% comes from the electric heater, and less than 50% and preferably less than 20% comes from the submerged burner.

20. The melting device of claim 17, wherein the submerged burner (F) and the electric heater (E) are configured such that, of the energy used to heat and melt material, 50% or more and preferably 70%-80% comes from the electric heater (E), and less than 50% and preferably less than 20% comes from the submerged burner.

21. The melting device as claimed in claim 19, characterized in that the melting device further comprises a burner (R) disposed above a surface(S) of a material melt, the burner being configured to supply a portion of the energy used to heat and melt material other than energy supplied by the submerged burner (F) and the electric heater (E), said portion being 10% for example.

22. The melting device of claim 16, wherein the submerged burner (F) is configured such that fuel and oxidant supplied thereto are split into a first portion supplied continuously and a second portion supplied intermittently, a flow rate of the first portion being less than a flow rate of the second portion, and preferably, a ratio of flow rates of the first portion and the second portion being adjustable, and/or a supply frequency and/or supply duration of the second portion being adjustable.

23. The melting device of claim 16, characterized in that the submerged burner (F) uses hydrogen as fuel.

24. The melting device of claim 16, wherein the at least one submerged burner (F) comprises multiple submerged burners (F1, F2, F3) protruding from the bottom wall into a material melt, and heights to which the multiple submerged burners protrude from the bottom wall increase successively in the melt flow direction.

25. The melting device of claim 17, wherein the at least one submerged burner (F) comprises multiple submerged burners (F1, F2, F3) protruding from the bottom wall into a material melt, and heights to which the multiple submerged burners protrude from the bottom wall increase successively in the melt flow direction.

26. The melting device of claim 19, wherein the at least one submerged burner (F) comprises multiple submerged burners (F1, F2, FE) protruding from the bottom wall into a material melt, and heights to which the multiple submerged burners protrude from the bottom wall increase successively in the melt flow direction.

27. The melting device of claim 16, wherein upstream of the electric heater (E), the bottom wall comprises multiple protrusions (C1, C2, C3) protruding into a material melt, and heights of the multiple protrusions increase successively in the melt flow direction.

28. The melting device of claim 17, wherein upstream of the electric heater (E), the bottom wall comprises multiple protrusions (C1, C2, C3) protruding into a material melt, and heights of the multiple protrusions increase successively in the melt flow direction.

29. The melting device of claim 27, wherein upstream of the electric heater (E), the bottom wall comprises multiple protrusions (C1, C2, C3) protruding into a material melt, and heights of the multiple protrusions increase successively in the melt flow direction.

30. The melting device of claim 27, wherein the submerged burner (F) extends from a top end of each said protrusion.

31. The melting device of claim 30, wherein a cooling medium nozzle or pipeline (L) for cooling the submerged burner (F) is accommodated in the protrusion (C1, C2, C3).

32. The melting device of claim 16, wherein the at least one submerged burner (F) comprises two or more submerged burners, which share a cooling system and/or a system for supplying fuel and oxidant.

33. The melting device of claim 16, wherein the material melt is molten glass, molten metal, molten resin, or solid waste in a molten state.

34. The melting device of claim 16, wherein the submerged burner (F) comprises a fuel pathway and an oxidant pathway, which are configured to respectively discharge fuel and oxidant to the outside of the submerged burner (F) so that the fuel and oxidant mix outside.

35. The melting device of claim 34, wherein at least one of the fuel pathway and the oxidant pathway is configured such that the discharged fuel and/or oxidant forms a rotational flow.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Various features and effects of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the drawings, through non-limiting embodiments. Here, the drawings are merely schematic, and not necessarily drawn to scale. In addition, they only show those parts which are necessary for expounding the present invention; other parts might be omitted or only mentioned in simple terms. That is, in addition to the components or key elements shown in the drawings, the present invention may also comprise other components or key elements. In the drawings:

[0026] FIG. 1 is a transverse section of a melting device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] FIG. 2 is a longitudinal section of a melting device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] FIG. 3 is a longitudinal section of a melting device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] FIG. 4 is a longitudinal partial section of a melting device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] FIG. 5 is a schematic drawing of a submerged burner used in a melting device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] FIG. 6 is a schematic drawing of a submerged burner assembly used in a melting device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0032] Exemplary embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the drawings. In the description below, many specific details are expounded to give those skilled in the art a more comprehensive understanding of the present invention. However, as will be obvious to those skilled in the art, the present invention may be implemented without some of these specific details. It should also be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments presented. On the contrary, one may consider using any combination of the features and key elements mentioned herein to implement the present invention, regardless of whether they relate to different embodiments. Thus, the aspects, features, embodiments and advantages below merely serve an illustrative purpose, and should not be regarded as key elements or definitions of the claims, unless clearly set out in the claims.

[0033] In the explanation of particular embodiments below, it must be understood that orientational or positional relationships indicated by terms such as up, down, front, rear, left, right, vertical, horizontal, top, bottom, inner and outer are based on the orientational or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are merely intended to facilitate and simplify the description of the present invention, without indicating or implying that the apparatus or element referred to must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present application.

[0034] In addition, the terms first and second are merely used for descriptive purposes, and must not be interpreted as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the technical feature indicated. Hence, a feature defined with first and second may explicitly or implicitly include one or a plurality of the feature. In the description of the present invention, multiple means two or more than two, unless otherwise clearly specified.

[0035] As used herein, the term fuel refers to a gaseous fuel, a liquid fuel or a solid fuel that can be used interchangeably or in combination with each other. If it is at least partially in the gaseous form, it can be introduced directly into the burner. If it is in the liquid or the solid form, it is introduced in the vicinity of the burner. The gaseous fuel may be natural gas (mainly methane), propane, hydrogen, syngas, biomass gas or any other hydrocarbon and/or sulfur-containing compound and/or nitrogen-containing compound. The solid or liquid fuel may mainly be any compound in a carbon-containing and/or hydrocarbon and/or sulfur-containing form. Those skilled in the art can decide the way in which the gaseous, liquid or solid fuel is introduced as required; it is not the intention of the present invention to impose any limitations in this regard.

[0036] As used herein, the term nozzle refers to a component which is positioned at an extremity of the burner and which ejects fuel and oxidant and causes them to burn; it may be an independent component, or a component formed integrally with another component.

[0037] As used herein, the terms fusion and melting comprise an operation in which a medium being heated is heated from an essentially solid state to an essentially liquid state.

[0038] As used herein, the term melt or molten material refers to a substance obtained by melting which may contain inorganic components, metals or organic components, etc., and may be molten glass, molten metal, molten resin, molten waste, etc.

[0039] As used herein, the terms glass melt and glass liquid refer to a composition for making a glass product; this composition may exist in any state between an essentially solid state and an essentially liquid state, including the essentially solid state and the essentially liquid state; such a state is between the raw materials and molten glass (including the raw materials and molten glass), and includes any degree of partial melting between the raw materials and molten glass.

[0040] As used herein, the term axial refers to the direction of an axis of rotation, an axis of symmetry or an approximate centreline that is essentially parallel to the direction of a central axis of the burner.

[0041] In the following description, raw materials for glass are used as an example of the material being heated. However, those skilled in the art will understand that the material being heated may also be any other substance that needs to be heated and melted, e.g. metal, solid waste or other solid substances, etc.

[0042] FIGS. 1 and 2 are schematic drawings of a melting device according to an embodiment of the present invention (shown here as a glass melting furnace by way of example). In the glass melting furnace 100, after being introduced into the furnace through a feeding port (not shown), raw materials for glass are heated and melted to form a glass melt or glass liquid which, after a certain extent of clarification and homogenization, etc., is finally discharged from the outlet 110 shown in FIG. 2 and enters the next process step, for example after-treatment or forming.

[0043] The glass melting furnace 100 may comprise a melting space enclosed by at least a bottom wall and a side wall, and the raw materials for glass are heated and melted in the melting space. In the embodiment shown, the melting space is a substantially cuboid-shaped space enclosed by a bottom wall 120 and four side walls 130, for example. FIG. 1 is a transverse section taken along a direction parallel to a short side wall of the cuboid; FIG. 2 is a longitudinal section taken along a direction parallel to a long side wall of the cuboid. As shown in FIG. 2, the outlet 110 is disposed at the bottom of one of the short side walls of the cuboid, while the feeding port is disposed close to the other short side wall opposite said short side wall; thus, raw materials Y for glass that have just been fed into the furnace are gathered close to said other short side wall. As the raw materials for glass melt continuously, the glass melt forms a melt surface (liquid surface) S in the melting space, and flows generally towards the outlet 110, finally being discharged from the melting space through the outlet 110; the melt flow direction thus formed is substantially the direction from left to right in FIG. 2, parallel to the long side walls of the melting space. Correspondingly, the position or region close to the left side and remote from the outlet 110 in FIG. 2 is upstream in the melt flow direction, while the position or region close to the right side and close to the outlet 110 is downstream in the melt flow direction.

[0044] In order to heat and melt the raw materials for glass, the glass melting furnace 100 comprises at least one submerged burner F and at least one electric heater E. Multiple submerged burners F are shown at the left side of a longitudinal central plane P of the glass melting furnace 100 in FIG. 1; they may be in the common form of spray lance, and for example are disposed on the bottom wall 120 of the glass melting furnace 100, extending upward from the bottom wall 120 into the glass melt. Combustion of fuel and oxidant which are led out of a nozzle at an extremity of the submerged burner occurs, and the flame and combustion products thus generated pass through the glass melt and come into direct contact therewith, thus achieving a good heating effect. Furthermore, it is also possible to provide one or more submerged burner F on a side wall of the glass melting furnace 100. Multiple electric heaters E are shown at the right side of the longitudinal central plane P of the glass melting furnace 100 in FIG. 1; these may be realized using electrodes for example. In the embodiment shown, the electric heaters E may comprise multiple electrode rods E1 extending from the bottom wall 120 of the glass melting furnace into the glass melt, and optionally multiple electrode plates E2 disposed on a side wall 130 of the glass melting furnace. Once energized, the electric heaters E generate heat by means of current formed by conductive ions in the glass melt, so as to heat the glass melt directly.

[0045] In the present invention, two heating methods are used in combination in the glass melting furnace, specifically the submerged burners F and the electric heaters E, in order to melt the raw materials for glass. Thus, firstly, the submerged burners F cause considerable turbulence in the glass melt during operation, while generating a large number of large and small bubbles; these can not only achieve the beneficial effects of glass melt clarification and homogenization in the melting space (thereby reducing the need for a mechanical stirrer, e.g. replacing bubblers or other stirring devices commonly used in glass production), but also tend to form or promote glass melt flow in the melting space. This enhanced glass melt flow is just right for helping to reduce ion cluster segregation which occurs around the electric heaters E. Alleviation of the problem of ion cluster segregation can improve the glass homogenization effect in the region of the electric heaters E, so as to improve the quality of the final glass product, and can also reduce erosion of the refractory material of the melting furnace, thereby increasing the service life of the melting furnace. Secondly, after reaching the region of the electric heaters E, the glass melt flowing in the melting space and carrying bubbles due to the action of the submerged burners will be subjected to the high-temperature heating effect provided by the electric heaters E; this helps to encourage the bubbles in the glass melt to float up to the glass liquid surface and escape, thereby reducing the bubble content in the glass melt and improving the quality of the final glass product.

[0046] As can be seen, the heating scheme combining submerged burners with electric heaters suppresses the major shortcomings originally present in these two heating methods. At the same time, the advantages of submerged combustion and electric heating (high heating efficiency, low heat loss, low heat discharge, a high degree of glass homogenization, etc.) are retained, and a good balance is achieved in terms of cost.

[0047] In an embodiment, the submerged burners F and electric heaters E may be configured such that a hot point in the melting space is located downstream of the submerged burners F in the melt flow direction. That is to say, the numbers of submerged burners F and electric heaters E as well as their powers and the ways in which they are arranged, etc. are controlled such that a temperature peak value in the glass melting furnace occurs in a downstream region. Thus, the glass melt carrying bubbles and flowing downstream toward the melting furnace outlet from the region provided with submerged burners F will encounter the temperature peak value in the downstream region, and the bubble-removing effect which high temperature has on the glass melt can thus be enhanced or optimized. An exemplary temperature curve C is shown above the glass liquid surface S in FIG. 2; as can be seen, the temperature in the glass melting furnace/melting space gradually rises to a peak value point (hot point) K toward the downstream direction from an upstream region, and then gradually falls toward the downstream direction. The area below point K may correspond to a position where multiple electric heaters E (electrodes) are concentrated. Before reaching point K, the bubbles in the glass melt float up to the glass liquid surface continuously to become foam M as the temperature gradually rises, and the strongest bubble-removing effect is attained at point K where the temperature is highest; thereafter, the foam M and the number of bubbles can be greatly reduced. Of course, those skilled in the art will understand that in cases where the requirements regarding bubble contents in the prepared glass product are lower (for example, the number of bubbles exceeding 0.1 mm in diameter in every 100 grams of glass can be greater than 10), the hot point in the melting space may also be located upstream of the submerged burners F in the melt flow direction. In this case, the bubble-removing effect which the hot point has on the glass melt flowing generally downstream toward the melting furnace outlet is, overall, inferior to that of the scheme in which the hot point is disposed downstream of the submerged burners, but can still help to remove bubbles from locally back-flowing glass melt, and this is sufficient for use in scenarios in which the requirements regarding bubble contents are not high.

[0048] In an embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the submerged burners F may be disposed upstream of the electric heaters E in the melt flow direction. Thus, the submerged burners F disposed in an upstream region, through the turbulence and bubbles aroused thereby, tend to enhance the glass melt flow that was originally flowing generally downstream toward the melting furnace outlet; after reaching a downstream region, this enhanced glass melt flow can more effectively reduce ion cluster segregation that occurs around the electric heaters E in the downstream region. Furthermore, having the electric heaters E disposed downstream of the submerged burners F helps to form a state in the melting space whereby the temperature gradually rises in the downstream direction until the hot point is reached; thus, when the glass melt carrying bubbles flows generally downstream from the upstream region where the submerged burners F are located, bubbles can be removed more effectively by means of the temperature rise and hot point provided by the electric heaters. Of course, the present invention is not limited to a scheme in which the submerged burners are disposed upstream of the electric heaters. The submerged burners may also be disposed downstream of the electric heaters, but in this case, the effect in terms of eliminating ion cluster segregation and removing bubbles is inferior to that of the scheme in which the submerged burners are disposed upstream of the electric heaters; however, this is suitable for scenarios in which the requirements regarding glass product quality are not very high. Alternatively, in a situation in which multiple submerged burners F and/or electric heaters E are provided, the submerged burners and the electric heaters may also be arranged alternately with each other in the melt flow direction.

[0049] In an embodiment, the submerged burners F and electric heaters E are configured such that, of the energy used to heat and melt the raw materials for glass, 50% or more and preferably 70%-80% comes from the electric heaters E, and less than 50% and preferably less than 20%, e.g. 15% comes from the submerged burners. That is, the electric heaters are used as the main source of heat for glass melting, with the submerged burners acting as a secondary heat source. Research has shown that if submerged combustion accounts for too high a proportion of the heat, a large number of bubbles will appear in the glass melt, which are difficult to remove to a satisfactory level even by downstream electric heating, and this is unfavorable for the quality of the final glass product; or an additional after-treatment process step for eliminating bubbles needs to be added in order to obtain a glass product of the desired quality. Those skilled in the art will understand that in cases where the requirements regarding bubble contents in the manufactured glass product are low (for example, the number of bubbles exceeding 0.1 mm in diameter in every 100 grams of glass can be greater than 10, e.g. when preparing glass wool, glass fiber filaments for thermal insulation, etc.; in which case the requirements regarding additional after-treatment of the glass liquid can be lowered) or an additional bubble after-treatment process step is provided downstream of the glass melting furnace, the proportion of the heat accounted for by submerged combustion may be suitably increased slightly, otherwise decreased slightly. In addition to the submerged burners F and electric heaters E, as shown in FIG. 1, a conventional burner R may also be provided as an auxiliary heat source in a space between the glass liquid surface S and an arched crown 140 above the glass melting furnace 100; a flame ejected by this burner is used to heat material close to the glass liquid surface S by radiation, in order to achieve a better melting effect and control the temperature and atmosphere in the space above the glass liquid surface. Correspondingly, the burner R is configured to supply a portion of the energy used to heat and melt the glass other than the energy supplied by the submerged burners F and the electric heaters E; for example, this portion is 10%.

[0050] In an embodiment, one or more submerged burner F may be configured such that the fuel and oxidant supplied thereto are split into a first portion supplied continuously and a second portion supplied intermittently. That is, one portion (the first portion) of the fuel and oxidant is continuously supplied to the submerged burner, and the other portion (the second portion) of the fuel and oxidant is sent to the submerged burner only at intervals of a first predetermined duration in a pulsed manner, and supplied for a second predetermined duration. The function of the continuously supplied first portion of the fuel and oxidant is to maintain the flame of the submerged burner, and prevent glass melt from flowing back into the nozzle of the submerged burner. Thus, the flow rate (pressure) of the first portion may be less than the flow rate (pressure) of the second portion. The intermittently supplied second portion of the fuel and oxidant and corresponding combustion products can enhance the agitating and mixing effect on the glass melt, improving the level of homogenization of the glass liquid. In addition, compared with continuously supplying fuel and oxidant at a higher flow rate, this type of pulsed intermittent supply can avoid or mitigate violent collisions and rupture between combustion gases and between the bubbles produced, thereby reducing the possibility of a greater number of difficult-to-remove tiny bubbles being formed by splitting in the glass melt, and helping to reduce the bubble rate in the final glass product. Preferably, a ratio of flow rates of the first portion and second portion of the fuel and oxidant supplied is adjustable, and/or a supply frequency (determined by the first predetermined duration mentioned above) and/or supply duration (i.e. the second predetermined duration mentioned above) of the second portion of fuel and oxidant is adjustable. Thus, the generation of bubbles in the glass melt can be regulated adaptively according to different scenarios and demands.

[0051] Advantageously, the submerged burners F may use hydrogen as fuel. Hydrogen has many advantages as a clean energy, but it has been found that the hydrogen flame is not bright when it is used as a fuel, the radiance is low, and there is a problem of low heat transfer efficiency in heating. In a submerged burner, due to the characteristics of convection and conduction of heat by direct contact in submerged combustion, the heat of the hydrogen flame can be fully transferred in the material being heated, and thus the thermal energy of hydrogen combustion can be better utilized. The use of hydrogen as fuel for submerged burners also has the following advantages: water is the only product of its oxidative combustion, so emissions of CO.sub.2 generated in the combustion process can be reduced; in addition, glass melt, for example, needs to be clarified to eliminate bubbles therein, but when hydrogen is used as fuel, the partial pressure of the gaseous water produced is different from that of other gases present in the glass, and consequently the bubbles of these gases are more easily absorbed and merged to form large bubbles which are then discharged; furthermore, the numerous OH.sup. produced by hydrogen combustion can reduce tension in the glass liquid surface around large and small bubbles of various kinds, which can also make it easier for gases in the bubbles to escape from the glass. All of these advantages of hydrogen make it suitable for use as fuel for submerged burners in material melting.

[0052] In an embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, multiple submerged burners F protruding into the glass melt may be provided on the bottom wall 120 of the glass melting furnace 100, including multiple (shown as three in the figure as an example) submerged burners F1, F2, F3 which protrude from the bottom wall and whose heights increase successively in the melt flow direction (i.e. substantially the direction from left to right in FIG. 3). Such a layout of arranging the multiple submerged burners aids the formation, in the glass melt, of a melt flow that gradually rises in the melt flow direction. Such a flow direction of glass melt helps to increase the flow path of the glass melt in the melting space, thereby lengthening the duration of glass liquid clarification and homogenization; furthermore, the flow of glass melt carrying bubbles in such a way that it gradually rises toward the glass liquid surface S is also more conducive for the escape of bubbles from the liquid surface S. Those skilled in the art will understand that, by appropriately setting the protrusion heights and spacing of the submerged burners as well as the power ratio relative to each other, it is also possible to make the glass melt flow along other suitable paths in the melting space as required.

[0053] As an alternative or additional solution to the above-described layout of arranging the submerged burners F1, F2, F3, multiple (also shown as three in the figure as an example) protrusions C1, C2, C3 protruding into the glass melt may also be provided on the bottom wall 120 in an upstream region of the glass melting furnace 100 as shown in FIG. 4, wherein the heights of the multiple protrusions also increase successively in the melt flow direction. Such a configuration can likewise produce a melt flow that gradually rises in the melt flow direction, and achieve the abovementioned effect similar to the layout of arranging the submerged burners shown in FIG. 4. In such a configuration, corresponding submerged burners (not shown) may protrude from top ends of the protrusions C1, C2, C3, and corresponding cooling medium nozzles or pipelines L may be provided in the protrusions to cool the corresponding submerged burners.

[0054] Specific configurations of the submerged burners F that may be used in the glass melting furnace 100 according to the present invention are now described. Parts (a) and (b) of FIG. 5 show top views and longitudinal sections of two exemplary submerged burners F, respectively. These submerged burners each comprise a fuel pathway 10 connected to a fuel supply source, and an oxidant pathway 20 connected to an oxidant supply source. The fuel pathway 10 and oxidant pathway 20 may be configured to respectively discharge fuel and oxidant to the outside of the submerged burner F, so that the fuel and oxidant mix outside. For example, in the embodiment shown, the fuel pathway 10 and the oxidant pathway 20 may extend parallel to an axis of the burner all the way to a nozzle at an extremity of the submerged burner. That is, the fuel and oxidant may not undergo pre-mixing before being ejected from the nozzle. Since the submerged burner extends into the glass melt, the high temperature in the melt enables the fuel and oxidant, which are mixed only when outside the nozzle, to also rapidly ignite. Furthermore, in the case where hydrogen is used as the fuel, the combustion of the hydrogen and oxidant (e.g. oxygen) has a very short reaction time, which is also conducive for their rapid combustion. Of course, at least one of the fuel pathway 10 and the oxidant pathway 20 may also be configured such that the discharged fuel and/or oxidant forms a rotational flow, so that they are mixed better. For example, a helical groove may be provided in an inner wall of the fuel pathway 10 and/or oxidant pathway 20, so that the correspondingly discharged fuel and/or oxidant forms a rotational flow. The submerged burner F shown in part (b) of FIG. 5 differs from the submerged burner F shown in part (a) in that a cooling jacket 30 allowing circulation of a cooling medium is further provided around the periphery of the submerged burner in part (b), for the purpose of cooling the submerged burner.

[0055] Also advantageously, two or more submerged burners F may be provided. For a fixed amount of heat required to be provided, a larger number of submerged burners can reduce the power of each submerged burner. The lower power of each submerged burner enables the flame produced thereby to be shorter, so as to transfer heat more fully into the glass liquid. The bubbles generated by the lower-power submerged burner in the glass melt are also fewer and smaller. In an embodiment, the two or more submerged burners F mentioned above may share a cooling system and/or a system for supplying fuel and oxidant, and thereby form a burner assembly. As shown in FIG. 6, a burner assembly formed by, for example, three submerged burners may be connected to a common fuel pipeline 210 and a common oxidant pipeline 220 so as to receive supplied fuel and oxidant, and may be connected to a common cooling medium inflow pipe 230 and a common cooling medium outflow pipe 240 so as to utilize the same cooling system for cooling.

[0056] Those skilled in the art will understand that the embodiments described above are all exemplary, and those skilled in the art may make improvements to them; and the various key elements described in the embodiments may be freely combined in the absence of conflict in terms of structure or principle.

[0057] After the detailed explanation of preferred embodiments of the present invention, those skilled in the art will clearly understand that various changes and improvements could be made without departing from the protection scope and spirit of the attached claims, and the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described by way of example herein.

[0058] While the invention has been described in conjunction with specific embodiments thereof, it is evident that many alternatives, modifications, and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art in light of the foregoing description. Accordingly, it is intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications, and variations as fall within the spirit and broad scope of the appended claims. The present invention may suitably comprise, consist or consist essentially of the elements disclosed and may be practiced in the absence of an element not disclosed. Furthermore, if there is language referring to order, such as first and second, it should be understood in an exemplary sense and not in a limiting sense. For example, it can be recognized by those skilled in the art that certain steps can be combined into a single step.

[0059] The singular forms a, an and the include plural referents, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

[0060] Comprising in a claim is an open transitional term which means the subsequently identified claim elements are a nonexclusive listing i.e. anything else may be additionally included and remain within the scope of comprising. Comprising is defined herein as necessarily encompassing the more limited transitional terms consisting essentially of and consisting of; comprising may therefore be replaced by consisting essentially of or consisting of and remain within the expressly defined scope of comprising

[0061] Providing in a claim is defined to mean furnishing, supplying, making available, or preparing something. The step may be performed by any actor in the absence of express language in the claim to the contrary.

[0062] Optional or optionally means that the subsequently described event or circumstances may or may not occur. The description includes instances where the event or circumstance occurs and instances where it does not occur.

[0063] Ranges may be expressed herein as from about one particular value, and/or to about another particular value. When such a range is expressed, it is to be understood that another embodiment is from the one particular value and/or to the other particular value, along with all combinations within said range.

[0064] All references identified herein are each hereby incorporated by reference into this application in their entireties, as well as for the specific information for which each is cited.