Abstract
The present invention relates to a film product (10) for application to a building envelope (200), in particular a transparent section of the building envelope (200), for protection against bird strikes, having a film body (20) with a planar extension, wherein the film body (20) has at least one UV bird protection section (30) with an optical effect in the UV range (UV) as a UV bird protection function and at least one VIS bird protection section (40) with an optical effect in the VIS range (VIS) visible to humans as a VIS bird protection function.
Claims
1. Film product for application to a building envelope, in particular a transparent section of the building envelope, for protection against bird strikes, having a film body with a planar extension, wherein the film body has at least one UV bird protection section with an optical effect in the UV range (UV) as a UV bird protection function and at least one VIS bird protection section with an optical effect in the VIS range (VIS) visible to humans as a VIS bird protection function.
2. Film product according to claim 1, wherein the at least one VIS bird protection section in the VIS range (VIS) visible to humans is at least partially transparent, in particular having a transmittance of at least 50%.
3. Film product according to claim 1, wherein the at least one VIS bird protection section only has the optical effect in a VIS sub-range (VIST) of the VIS range (VIS) visible to humans.
4. Film product according to claim 1, wherein the at least one VIS bird protection section is formed over the entire surface or substantially over the entire surface.
5. Film product according to claim 1, wherein the geometric extent of the at least one VIS bird protection section corresponds to or substantially corresponds to the geometric extent of the UV bird protection section.
6. Film product according to claim 1, wherein the at least one UV bird protection section is at least partially arranged in a different film layer of the film body than the at least one VIS bird protection section.
7. Film product according to claim 1, wherein the at least one UV bird protection section and the at least one VIS bird protection section are arranged in relation to each other without overlapping or substantially without overlapping, in particular directly or substantially directly adjacent to each other.
8. Film product according to claim 1, wherein the at least one UV bird protection section and the at least one VIS bird protection section are at least partly arranged in a common film layer of the film body.
9. Film product according to claim 1, wherein the at least one VIS bird protection section is formed in the blue VIS sub-range (VIST) and/or in the red VIS sub-range (VIST).
10. Film product according to claim 1, wherein the at least one UV bird protection section has an optical effect in the UVA sub-range (UVAT) of the UV range (UV).
11. Film product according to claim 1, wherein at least two UV bird protection sections are formed with a defined geometric shape to create and/or support the bird protection function.
12. Film product according to claim 1, wherein the film body has at least one marking in the VIS range (VIS) visible to humans.
13. Faade element for a partial section of a building envelope, in particular in the form of a window or a glass element, comprising a main faade body having a film product with the features of claim 1.
14. Manufacturing method for manufacturing a film product with the features of claim 1, comprising the following step: Forming a film base body with at least one functional layer, having at least one UV bird protection section with an optical effect in the UV range (UV) as a UV bird protection function and at least one VIS bird protection section with an optical effect in the VIS range (VIS) visible to humans as a VIS bird protection function.
Description
[0032] Further advantages, features and details of the invention are explained in the following description, in which exemplary embodiments of the invention are described in detail with reference to the drawings. The features mentioned in the claims and in the description may in each case be essential to the invention individually or in any combination. In each case schematically:
[0033] FIG. 1 shows an application on a building envelope,
[0034] FIG. 2 shows a spectrum analysis for a film product according to the invention,
[0035] FIG. 3 shows a further spectrum analysis for a film product according to the invention,
[0036] FIG. 4 shows a further spectrum analysis for a film product according to the invention,
[0037] FIG. 5 shows a film product according to the invention from the point of view of a bird,
[0038] FIG. 6 shows the film product of FIG. 5 from the point of view of a human,
[0039] FIG. 7 shows a further film product according to the invention from the point of view of the bird,
[0040] FIG. 8 shows the film product of FIG. 7 from the point of view of a human,
[0041] FIG. 9 shows a cross-section of a possible film product,
[0042] FIG. 10 shows a cross-section of a further possible film product,
[0043] FIG. 11 shows a cross-section of a further possible film product and
[0044] FIG. 12 shows a cross-section of a further possible film product.
[0045] FIG. 1 shows in highly schematic form an area of application for a film product 10 according to the invention. A building envelope 200 in the form of a three-storey building can be seen here, with two faade elements 100 in the form of windows arranged on each floor in the orientation shown in FIG. 1. These can be glass panes or mirrored windows that form the faade elements 100. In this arrangement, there is a risk that birds will not perceive these faade elements 100 in the form of windows as an obstacle and accordingly a bird strike will occur if birds fly at full speed into these faade elements 100. To avoid this, the faade elements 100 can now be equipped on their main faade body 110 with film products 10, as shown in FIGS. 5 to 12 for example.
[0046] The functional effect of a film product 10 according to the present invention is explained in FIG. 2 with reference to an example. Here, a spectrum is plotted and the functional effect of three different materials is represented. The normal dotted line shows the reflective effect of glass. There is a higher reflection in the VIS range than in the UV range, so that the bird clearly recognises this as glass, since there is a higher reflection in the VIS range and a decreasing reflection in the UV range. A film product 10 with a UV bird protection section 30 can be formed on such a glass pane. This UV bird protection section 30 has a different spectrum characteristic than glass, for example due to the selection of the appropriate effect pigments. This is indicated in FIG. 2 by the second line with the longer dashes. In contrast to glass, a significantly lower reflection can be seen here in the UV range, which means that the areas coated with the UV bird protection section 30 are perceived by the bird in the UV range as being significantly darker, as they reflect UV light less than glass. In the VIS range, there is no difference or only a very small difference between the UV bird protection section 30 and glass in this embodiment. Thus, the UV bird protection section 30, due to the difference in the UV range to the curve for glass, shown here by the double arrow, produces the aforementioned optical effect in the UV range, so that the corresponding UV bird protection function is guaranteed.
[0047] FIG. 2 also shows the spectral functional effect of the VIS bird protection section 40. This runs in the UV range along the dotted curve for glass and is represented by a dot-dashed line. In the VIS range, however, the spectral effect of the VIS bird protection section 40 continues to increase, and above all exceeds the reflection of glass. Here again, the difference in reflection in the VIS range between the VIS bird protection section 40 and glass is shown with a double arrow, so that in this case the optical effect in the VIS range now provides the VIS bird protection function.
[0048] FIG. 3 shows a variant in which, for example integrated into a common film layer 22 and in particular with a common pigment mixture, the UV bird protection section 30 and the VIS bird protection section 40 are formed together, so to speak. This means that the two curves, which are still separate in FIG. 2, combine to form a common curve which now provides the desired optical effects in both the UV range and the VIS range, represented by the double arrows in contrast to the spectral effect of glass. This simplifies effort and production, as the combination effect can be formed by a common pigment mixture, for example in a common film layer 22.
[0049] FIG. 4 shows another further development of the embodiment of FIG. 2. Here, the UV bird protection section 30 is provided with a modified pigment mixture, so that the difference in the UV range is limited to a UVA sub-range UVAT. The VIS bird protection section 40 is also limited to a VIS sub-range VIST, in this case in the blue spectral range of the VIS range. In the other UV ranges and VIS ranges, separate from the UVA sub-range UVAT and VIS sub-range VIST, the spectral effect curves of the UV bird protection section 30 and VIS bird protection section 40 again run substantially along the spectral effect of glass. This limitation means that an equal or even improved combination effect for the bird can be combined with an even simpler and more pleasant effect for humans, especially in relation to the VIS range.
[0050] FIGS. 5 and 6 show how a film product 10 has different effects on humans and birds. FIG. 5, for example, shows the bird's perception. The faade element 100 is formed here with a main faade body 110 on which a film product 10 of the present invention is arranged. This film product 10 is designed here with a total of three stripe-shaped VIS bird protection sections 40 and four complementary stripe-shaped UV bird protection sections 30. Thus, a double stripe pattern is formed, which the bird perceives. This double stripe pattern is perceived by the bird, with its different spectrum of perception compared to that of humans, as shown in FIG. 5. FIG. 6, in contrast, shows how the same film product 10 from FIG. 5 is perceived by humans. Since humans are not able to see in the UV range, this means that the reflection effects differing from those of glass, as explained for example in FIGS. 2, 3 and 4, are not recognisable to humans in the UV bird protection sections 30. These thus recede and are not visible; only the effect of the glass of the faade element 100 is perceived. However, the optical effect of VIS bird protection sections 40 effective in the VIS range is manifested in the VIS range visible to humans, so that the stripe pattern is accordingly recognisable. The stripe pattern is preferably transparent, so that while it is perceived it is not experienced as obtrusive by humans.
[0051] FIGS. 7 and 8 show a further development of the embodiment of FIGS. 5 and 6. Here, it is easy to see that the VIS bird protection section 40 is no longer stripe-shaped, but arranged over the entire surface. It thus forms a background function for the bird, which in FIG. 7 is substantially identical to the embodiment of FIG. 5. For humans, however, this full-surface design leads to a more noticeably pleasant perception, since even with an identical optical effect, the perception of the VIS bird protection section 40 recedes due to the lack of geometric contrast on the faade element 100. In contrast, as shown in FIG. 7 the UV bird protection sections 30 create, for the bird, the same contrasting effect to the background of the VIS bird protection section 40 as described for FIG. 5.
[0052] In addition, in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, a marking 50 is also arranged in the VIS range, which allows the bird protection function to be made visible to humans easily and quickly in the form of a seal or a logo.
[0053] FIGS. 9 to 12 show variants in the layer structure of the film body 20. FIG. 9 shows a multi-layer structure, wherein two optical functional layers are arranged as film layers 22 on a carrier layer or a multi-layer carrier layer as film layer 22. The geometric extent of the again stripe-shaped formation of the UV bird protection sections 30 and the VIS bird protection section 40 is here complementary to each other, whereby filling layers above and below the respective functional layers complement the film layers 22. An identical optical effect can be achieved, as shown in FIG. 10, by integrating the UV bird protection sections 30 and the VIS bird protection section 40 into a common film layer 22.
[0054] FIG. 11 shows another variant with a non-overlapping and non-complementary design of the individual bird protection sections 30 and 40. FIG. 12 shows a full-surface variant, as has also been explained, for example, in FIGS. 7 and 8. Here, the background function of the VIS bird protection section 40 serves to bring the described advantages for humans and in this case is arranged particularly easily in the inner film layer 22, for example by a co-extrusion process.
[0055] The above explanation of the embodiments describes the present invention exclusively in the context of examples. Of course, individual features of the embodiments can be freely combined with each other, where technically expedient, without departing from the scope of the present invention.
LIST OF REFERENCE SIGNS
[0056] 10 film product [0057] 20 film body [0058] 22 film layer [0059] 30 UV bird protection section [0060] 40 VIS bird protection section [0061] 50 marking [0062] 100 faade element [0063] 110 main faade body [0064] 200 building envelope [0065] UV UV range [0066] UVAT UVA sub-range [0067] VIS VIS range [0068] VIST VIS sub-range
