Fully automatic device for pumping cold air into block-stone subgrade

Abstract

The present invention discloses a fully automatic device for pumping cold air into block-stone subgrade and includes an outer cylinder, an inner cylinder, a power system and an air pumping system; and utilizes natural wind to drive the air pumping system to operate for the purpose of pumping cold air into a block-stone subgrade, and achieves the effect of pumping cold air into the block-stone subgrade in cold seasons and keeping warm air out of the block-stone subgrade in warm seasons by disposing a temperature-sensitive clutch. The present invention may effectively improve the engineering applicability of the block-stone subgrade construction technology in the areas with heavy snowfall; the present invention effectively improves the performance of the block-stone subgrade as a thermal semiconductor on an inter-annual scale and further protects the permafrost underlying the subgrade.

Claims

1. A fully automatic device for pumping cold air into block-stone subgrade, comprising an inner cylinder configured with an air inlet and an air outlet at an upper portion and a lower portion of the inner cylinder respectively, the inner cylinder internally provided with an air pumping system comprising an air pumping impeller and a drive shaft pivotably connected inside the inner cylinder, a temperature-sensitive clutch and a driven bevel gear orderly arranged at an upper end of the drive shaft, the air pumping impeller disposed between the air inlet and the air outlet and connected to the drive shaft, the temperature-sensitive clutch comprising a lower plate and an upper plate, the lower plate and the upper plate are connected by means of a slidable structure and sliding in the same direction as an axial direction of the drive shaft, a temperature-sensitive column provided between the lower plate and the upper plate, the upper plate connected to the driven bevel gear through a movable drive shaft, a power system provided on a top of the inner cylinder and comprising an actuator, a power shaft and a driving bevel gear, the actuator connected to the power shaft for driving the power shaft to rotate, the driving bevel gear securely disposed on the power shaft, the temperature-sensitive column capable of making the driving bevel gear and the driven bevel gear engage or disengage the transmission, the slidable structure comprising two tooth grooves on a top of the lower plate and two teeth at a bottom of the upper plate, the two teeth and the two tooth grooves in one-to-one correspondence, and the teeth slidably received in the corresponding tooth grooves, with the tooth grooves open at upper ends thereof.

2. The fully automatic device for pumping cold air into block-stone subgrade according to claim 1, an outer cylinder is pivotably connected to the upper portion of the inner cylinder, an air intake hood is provided on a side of the outer cylinder and located at a position opposite to that of the air inlet, and a guiding plate is provided on another side of the outer cylinder which is opposite to the air intake hood.

3. The fully automatic device for pumping cold air into block-stone subgrade according to claim 2, the actuator is a power fan, a power fan housing is provided on a top of the outer cylinder and connected to the guiding plate by means of an extension rod, the power fan housing is pivotably connected to the power fan at an end away from the guiding plate, the power fan is connected to the power shaft, the power fan housing is internally provided with a power shaft locating plate, and the power shaft is pivotably connected to the power shaft locating plate.

4. The fully automatic device for pumping cold air into block-stone subgrade according to claim 3, the air pumping impeller comprises four impellers, from top to bottom, comprising a first-stage air pumping impeller, a second-stage air pumping impeller, a third-stage air pumping impeller and a fourth-stage air pumping impeller, a first impeller shaft of the first-stage air pumping impeller being connected to the drive shaft by means of a No. 1 ratchet, a second impeller shaft of the second-stage air pumping impeller being connected to the first impeller shaft by means of a No. 2 ratchet, a third impeller shaft of the third-stage air pumping impeller being connected to the second impeller shaft by means of a No. 3 ratchet, a fourth impeller shaft of the fourth-stage air pumping impeller being connected to the third impeller shaft by means of a No. 4 ratchet, an air pumping locating plate individually fixed at the upper and lower portions inside the inner cylinder, the fourth impeller shaft pivotably connected to the air pumping locating plate at the lower portion, and the drive shaft pivotably connected to the air pumping locating plate at the upper portion.

5. The fully automatic device for pumping cold air into block-stone subgrade according to claim 4, the No. 1 ratchet comprises a pawl plate and a ratchet plate, the ratchet plate is configured with a connection hole, helical teeth are arranged on a periphery of a wall of the connection hole, the pawl plate is provided with a boss, a groove is configured on a side wall of the boss, a pawl is hinged inside the groove, a return spring is provided between the pawl and the groove, and the pawl engages with the helical teeth.

6. The fully automatic device for pumping cold air into block-stone subgrade according to claim 1, an inner cylinder bearing stand is provided on the top of the inner cylinder, the lower portion of the inner cylinder is a cylinder body, a top of the inner cylinder bearing stand is pivotably connected to the outer cylinder through a tapered roller bearing, a lower portion of the inner cylinder bearing stand is an inner cylinder cap, and two support arms are uniformly arranged at a lower portion of the inner cylinder cap and connected to the cylinder body, a rounded square air outlet is configured at a bottom of the cylinder body, and the air inlet is formed between the two support arms and flush with the air intake hood.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the application of the present invention,

(2) FIG. 2 is an exploded view of main components of the present invention,

(3) FIG. 3 is an exploded view of various parts of the outer cylinder of the present invention,

(4) FIG. 4 is an exploded view of various parts of the inner cylinder of the present invention,

(5) FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of A in FIG. 4,

(6) FIG. 6 is an exploded view of various parts of the power system of the present invention,

(7) FIG. 7 is an exploded view of various parts of the air pumping system of the present invention,

(8) FIG. 8 is an exploded view of the temperature-sensitive clutch of the present invention,

(9) FIG. 9 is an exploded view of the No. 1 ratchet of the present invention,

(10) FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a connection between the pawl and the helical teeth of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENT

(11) The present invention will be further described in detail in combination with drawings and embodiments for clear understanding of the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention.

(12) As shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 10. A fully automatic device for pumping cold air into block-stone subgrade, which includes an inner cylinder 2 configured with an air inlet 17 and an air outlet 16 at an upper portion and a lower portion of the inner cylinder 2 respectively, the inner cylinder 2 internally provided with an air pumping system 4 including an air pumping impeller and a drive shaft 30 pivotably connected inside the inner cylinder 2, a temperature-sensitive clutch 23 and a driven bevel gear 22 orderly arranged at an upper end of the drive shaft 30, the air pumping impeller disposed between the air inlet 17 and the air outlet 16 and connected to the drive shaft 30, the temperature-sensitive clutch including a lower plate 36 and an upper plate 33, the lower plate 36 and the upper plate 33 are connected by means of a slidable structure and sliding in the same direction as an axial direction of the drive shaft 30, a temperature-sensitive column 34 provided between the lower plate 36 and the upper plate 33, the upper plate 33 connected to the driven bevel gear through a movable drive shaft 31, a power system provided on a top of the inner cylinder 2 and including an actuator, a power shaft 19 and a driving bevel gear 20, the actuator connected to the power shaft 19 for driving the power shaft 19 to rotate, the driving bevel gear 20 securely disposed on the power shaft 19, the temperature-sensitive column 34 capable of making the driving bevel gear 20 and the driven bevel gear 22 engage or disengage the transmission.

(13) The present invention in service mainly includes an outer cylinder 1, the inner cylinder 2, the power system 3 and the air pumping system 4.

(14) On a top of the outer cylinder 1 is a power fan housing 5 internally equipped with the power system 3, an extension rod 6 and a guiding plate 7 are orderly arranged at a tail of the power fan housing 5, the power fan housing 5 and the outer cylinder 1 are connected by means of welding, a bearing support 8 coupled with the inner cylinder 2 is provided on a top of an inner cavity of the outer cylinder 1, a cylindrical roller bearing 9 connected to the inner cylinder 2 is provided at a bottom of the inner cavity, a rectangular air intake hood 10 is provided at a side, and the air intake hood 10 opens in a direction opposite to a guiding direction of the guiding plate 7 on the same axis.

(15) An inner cylinder bearing stand 11 is provided on the top of the inner cylinder 2, the inner cylinder bearing stand 11 is provided with a tapered roller bearing 12 at a top and eventually connected to the outer cylinder 1, a lower portion of the inner cylinder bearing stand 11 is an inner cylinder cap 13 structure, and two support arms 14 are uniformly arranged at a lower portion of the inner cylinder cap 13 and connected to a cylinder body 15, 4 rounded square air outlets 16 are configured at a bottom of the cylinder body 15; and the air inlet 17 is a space formed between the two support arms 14 and flush with the air intake hood 10.

(16) The power system 3 is located inside the power fan housing 5 and includes a power fan 18, the power shaft 19 and the driving bevel gear 20, and the power system 3 is fixed in the power fan housing 5 through a power shaft locating plate 21. When a cold wind blows through the present invention, the guiding plate 7 at the tail of the power fan housing 5 makes the power fan 18 face the wind head-on for maximum power.

(17) The air pumping system 4 includes the driven bevel gear 22, the temperature-sensitive clutch 23, a first-stage air pumping impeller 24, a second-stage air pumping impeller 25, a third-stage air pumping impeller 26, a fourth-stage air pumping impeller 27 and four ratchets available for one-way transmission only, and the air pumping system is fixed inside the inner cylinder 2 by means of two sets of air pumping locating plates 29. The No. 1 ratchet 42, the No. 2 ratchet 43, the No. 3 ratchet 44 and the No. 4 ratchet 45 are arranged between the driven bevel gear 22, the first-stage air pumping impeller 24, the second-stage air pumping impeller 25, the third-stage air pumping impeller 26 and the fourth-stage air pumping impeller 27, respectively. The first-stage air pumping impeller 24 is located in a lower position of the air inlet 17, and the fourth-stage air pumping impeller 27 is slightly above the air outlet 16. The No. 1 ratchet 42, the No. 2 ratchet 43, the No. 3 ratchet 44 and the No. 4 ratchet 45 are of the same structure.

(18) The temperature-sensitive clutch 23, from top to bottom, includes the driven bevel gear 22, the movable drive shaft 31 being a high-strength light drive shaft, an upper plate 33 provided with two teeth 32, a temperature-sensitive column 34 made of a material with a large coefficient of thermal expansion, such as a polyamide-6 or polytetrafluoroethylene material, and a lower plate 36 provided with two tooth grooves 35. The driven bevel gear 22 is located above the driving bevel gear 20; when the temperature rises, the temperature-sensitive column 34 in the temperature-sensitive clutch 23 upwardly pushes the upper plate 33 having the teeth 32 received in the tooth grooves 35, and further pushes the driven bevel gear 22 away from the driving bevel gear 20 below the driven bevel gear 22 through the movable drive shaft 31, and in turn, prevents the air pumping system 4 from pumping warm air into the block-stone subgrade. When the temperature decreases, the temperature-sensitive column 34 retracts, making the driven bevel gear 22 drop down and contact the driving bevel gear 20 below the driven bevel gear 22, and driving the rotation of the first-stage air pumping impeller 24, the second-stage air pumping impeller 25, the third-stage air pumping impeller 26 and the fourth-stage air pumping impeller 27 in the air pumping system 4 to achieve the purpose of pumping the low-temperature air into the block-stone subgrade to cool it off.

(19) The No. 1 ratchet 42 includes a pawl plate 37 and a ratchet plate 38; the ratchet plate 38 is internally provided with an even number of pairs of helical teeth 39, the pawl plate 37 is a protruding round-tower structure with two sets of pawls 40, one end of each of the pawls 40 is hinged inside a groove of the pawl plate 37, and a return spring 41 is provided therebetween. When the pawl plate 37 and the ratchet plate 38 are combined, the pawls 40 engage with the helical teeth 39, when the pawl plate 37 is rotated counterclockwise, it drives the ratchet plate 38 to rotate; and when the pawl plate 37 is rotated clockwise, the pawls 40 and the helical teeth 39 are in a slidable state, and the ratchet plate 38 is not rotated with the pawl plate 37. The No. 1 ratchet 42, the No. 2 ratchet 43, the No. 3 ratchet 44 and the No. 4 ratchet 45 are used to achieve the one-way transmission between the driven bevel gear 22, the first-stage air pumping impeller 24, the second-stage air pumping impeller 25, the third-stage air pumping impeller 26 and the fourth-stage air pumping impeller 27; when the wind is weakened, the first-stage air pumping impeller 24 continues rotating under the action of an inertia force rather than decelerates with a reduced rotation speed of the driving bevel gear 20, and a corresponding next-stage impeller continues rotating under the action of an inertia force rather than decelerates with a reduced rotation speed of a current-stage impeller; and with the arrangement of the No. 1 ratchet 42, the No. 2 ratchet 43, the No. 3 ratchet 44 and the No. 4 ratchet 45, the impellers are rotated by means of the inertia force to the greatest extent, thus reducing a damage caused to a drive shaft 29 under the action of torsion and maximizing the service life of the drive shaft 29.

(20) Working principle: the cold wind in cold seasons blowing through the block-stone subgrade is utilized to drive the power fan of the present invention to rotate, and in turn, drive the multi-stage air pumping impellers of the air pumping system to rotate, thus achieving the purpose of pumping cold air into the block-stone subgrade, so that cold air may enter the snow-covered block-stone subgrade slopes, and ensure that the block-stone subgrade technology is suitable for Siberian region of Russia, where is subject to heavy snowfall during wintertime; in warm seasons, the temperature-sensitive column in the temperature-sensitive clutch expands with an elevated temperature and upwardly pushes the driven bevel gear away from the driving bevel gear, so that the power system driven by the power fan fails to drive the air pumping system to operate, and the present invention is prevented from pumping warm air into the block-stone subgrade in warm seasons; the present invention automatically pumps cold air into the block-stone subgrade in cold seasons and avoids pumping warm air into the block-stone subgrade in warm seasons, maintaining the function of the block-stone subgrade as a thermal semiconductor on an inter-annual scale; and in cold seasons, cold air is kept out of the block-stone subgrade by the snow-covered block-stone subgrade sides, the present invention automatically pumps cold air into the block-stone subgrade to solve the problem, so that the block-stone subgrade technology in combination with the present invention is suitable for areas with heavy snowfall in cold seasons, particularly the Siberian region of Russia.

(21) As shown in FIG. 1, the present invention is mainly used in the block-stone subgrade construction technology, wherein an air outlet 17 of the inner cylinder 2 of the present invention is inserted into the block-stone subgrade, and the outer cylinder 1 and the power system 3 on a top thereof are outside a subgrade body.

(22) As shown in FIGS. 1, 2, 7, during cold seasons, the temperature-sensitive column 34 in the temperature-sensitive clutch 23 retracts at a low temperature, so that the driving bevel gear 20 is in contact with the driven bevel gear 22, the power fan 18 drives the driving bevel gear 20 to rotate by a wind force and eventually drives the driven bevel gear 22 to rotate, under the continuous draught forced by the first-stage air pumping impeller 24, the second-stage air pumping impeller 25, the third-stage air pumping impeller 26 and the fourth-stage air pumping impeller 27 of the air pumping system 4, cold air is effectively forced into the block-stone subgrade to effectively reduce the temperature of permafrost underlying the block-stone subgrade and effectively improve the performance of the block-stone subgrade as the thermal semiconductor on an inter-annual scale; when the snow-covered block-stone subgrade sides keep cold air out, the present invention additionally forces cold air into the block-stone subgrade, so that the block-stone subgrade technology is suitable for use in permafrost areas with heavy winter snowfall, such as Siberian region of Russia.

(23) As shown in FIGS. 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, the present invention mainly includes the inner cylinder 2 and the outer cylinder 1, the power fan housing 5 provided with the power system 3 is located on a top of the outer cylinder 1, and the air intake hood 10 on the outer cylinder 1 is flush with the air inlet 17 on the inner cylinder 2.

(24) As shown in FIGS. 2, 3, 5 and 6, the guiding plate 7 located at the tail of the power fan housing 5 always keeps the power fan 18 at the optimal windward side. As the power fan housing 5 and the outer cylinder 1 are connected by means of welding, when the guiding plate 7 keeps the power fan 18 at the optimal windward side, the air intake hood 10 on the outer cylinder 1 also in the frontally windward state, creating a good working condition for introducing cold air into the air pumping system 4.

(25) As shown in FIGS. 2, 7 and 9, the air pumping system 4 is located in the inner cylinder 2, and provided in the present embodiment are air pumping impellers at four stages: the first-stage air pumping impeller 24, the second-stage air pumping impeller 25, the third-stage air pumping impeller 26 and the fourth-stage air pumping impeller 27, which are mainly used to force cold air into the block-stone subgrade; and the arrangement of the No. 1 ratchet 42, the No. 2 ratchet 43, the No. 3 ratchet 44 and the No. 4 ratchet 45 enables a next-stage air pumping impeller rotating under the action of the inertia force does not stop due to a sudden stop of a current-stage air pumping impeller, thereby effectively prolonging the service life of the drive shaft 30 and the movable drive shaft 31.

(26) As shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, the temperature-sensitive clutch 23 is located between the driven bevel gear 22 and the first-stage air pumping impeller 24 in the air pumping system 4. When warm seasons arrive, the temperature-sensitive column 34 in the temperature-sensitive clutch 23 elongates with the elevated air temperature, and at the same time, upwardly pushes the driven bevel gear 22 to disengage from the driving bevel gear 20 connected to the power fan 18, so as to prevent the air pumping system 4 from forcing warm air into the block-stone subgrade; when cold seasons arrive, the temperature-sensitive column 34 in the temperature-sensitive clutch 23 is shortened with the reduced air temperature, and the driven bevel gear 22 moves downward with the temperature-sensitive column under the action of gravity and connects with the power fan 18, the power fan 18 rotates under the action of a wind force, so that the air pumping system 4 pumps cold air into the block-stone subgrade; in this way, the present invention enhances the thermal semiconductor effect of the block-stone subgrade on the inter-annual scale through the differentiated working manners between cold and warm seasons.

(27) As shown in FIGS. 7 and 9, the presence of the ratchets in the present invention causes the air pumping impellers to rotate only in one way and prevents the rotation of the next-stage air pumping impeller from affecting the current-stage air pumping impeller, which in turn effectively extends the service life of the air pumping system 4.

(28) The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention.