Abstract
A projectile with a safe and arming device includes a tunable setback arming mechanism with an arming slider constrained and guided within a slider frame. The arming slider and slider frame cooperating to have a first safe position, a second intermediate position, and a third armed position. Components, such as the arming slider are manufactured by electronic discharge machining (EDM) to provide preforms on a work piece that can be further processed and ultimately assembled into tunable setback arming mechanisms. Various desired operating characteristics of the setback arming mechanism may be provided by adjusting and/or selecting specific parameters in the arming slider and readily adjusting same through machining and heat treating.
Claims
1. A method of manufacturing a safe and arming fusing assembly, the method comprising: a) machining using thin wire electronic discharge machine to simultaneously machine a plurality of arming slider preforms in a piece of sheet metal, each arming slider preform having a length dimension of less than a centimeter, having a width dimension of less than a centimeter, having a thickness dimension of less than 2 millimeters, the electronic discharge machining includes machining substantially JI of a periphery of a main body portion of each arming slider except for one or more peripheral bridging tabs for holding each arming slider in the piece of sheet metal, includes machining a setback slider slot in the main arming portion, includes machining a setback slider projecting out of the setback slider slot, includes machining a spring extending from the main arming portion to the setback slider, and further includes machining one or more latching projections extending from the periphery of the main body portion outwardly, thereby providing a plurality of arming slider preforms secured together in the piece of sheet metal, each arming slider preform secured within the piece of sheet metal by one or more peripheral bridging tabs; b) heat treating the piece of sheet metal; c) machining a micro firetrain charge recess in each of the main body portions of each of the plurality of slider preforms; d) depositing an energetics charge into the charge recess of the main body of each of the arming slider preforms; e) cutting each of the one or more peripheral bridging tabs securing each arming slider preform of the plurality of arming slider preforms in the piece of sheet metal thereby separating the respective arming slider preforms from the piece of sheet metal thereby providing a plurality of arming sliders; f) placing each of the plurality of arming sliders into respective ones of a plurality of arming slider frames, each arming slider frames defining a recess for receiving the respective arming slider preform and providing three positions for each arming slider in the respective slider frame, a first unarmed position, a second intermediate position, and a third armed position, whereby each of the discrete arming sliders placed in respective ones of the plurality of slider frames defining a plurality of setback arming mechanisms; g) assembling each of the setback arming mechanisms into a respective one of a fuzing assembly by placing an initiator portion at one face side of the setback arming mechanism and a warhead detonation portion at an opposite face side of the setback arming mechanism.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising machining in each setback slider slot one or two latches extending from the main body portion into the setback slider slot for locking the setback slider in the setback slider slot in each arming slider preform.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the placing of each arming slider into the respective arming slider frame further comprises using picking and placing equipment.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the depositing of the flowable energetics in the charge recess of the main body recess of each of the plurality of preforms comprises an automated injector.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the cutting each of the one or more peripheral bridging tabs of each of the plurality of arming slider preforms comprises laser ablation.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the laser ablation is performed after the depositing the flowable energetics charge into the charge recess of the main body of each of the arming slider preforms.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the heating the piece of sheet metal occurs after machining the plurality of arming slider preforms in the piece of sheet metal.
8. The method of claim 1, further comprising heating a plurality of such pieces of sheet metal with arming slider preforms therein and arranging the plurality of such pieces in a stack with ceramic material layers interlaced between adjacent pieces of sheet metal in the stack, and putting compressive force on the pieces of sheet metal in the stack during the heating.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the placing the initiator portion at one face side of the setback arming mechanism further comprises selecting an initiator portion that has a first command energetic charge and a second micro firetrain detonation initiation energetic charge.
10. The method of claim 9, further comprising positioning the first command energetic charge in the initiator portion such that upon assembly the first command energetic charge is positioned at one of the one or more latching projections extending from the periphery of the main body when the arming slider is in the intermediate position.
11. The method of claim 9, further comprising positioning the second micro firetrain detonation initiation energetic charge in the initiator portion such that upon assembly the second micro firetrain detonation initiation energetic charge is aligned with the micro firetrain charge recess of the arming slider and the second micro firetrain detonation initiation energetic charge is aligned with a warhead detonation energetic charge in the warhead detonation portion when the arming slider is in the third armed positions.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS
(1) The drawings included in the present application are incorporated into, and form part of, the specification. They illustrate embodiments of the present disclosure and, along with the description, serve to explain the principles of the disclosure. The drawings are only illustrative of certain embodiments and do not limit the disclosure.
(2) FIG. 1 depicts a side view of a projectile with a fuzing system including a setback arming mechanism in accord with embodiments of the disclosure.
(3) FIG. 2 depicts a side view of the projectile of FIG. 1 according to one or more embodiments of the disclosure.
(4) FIG. 3 depicts a side view of another projectile with a fuzing system including a setback arming mechanism in accord with embodiments.
(5) FIG. 4 depicts a block diagram of the electronic operational systems of a projectile with a setback arming mechanism in accord with embodiments.
(6) FIG. 5A depicts a perspective view of a safety and arming device according to one or more embodiments of the disclosure.
(7) FIG. 5B depicts a perspective view of a safety and arming device according to one or more embodiments of the disclosure.
(8) FIG. 5C is an exploded view of the safety and arming device of FIG. 5B.
(9) FIG. 6A is an elevational view of a micro firetrain for detonation of a warhead of a munition.
(10) FIG. 6B is an elevational view of a micro firetrain for a command lock release.
(11) FIG. 6C is an elevational view of a micro firetrain for a command lock release and an arming slider push.
(12) FIG. 6D is an elevational view of a micro firetrain for a command lock release and an arming slider push.
(13) FIG. 7 is a perspective view of setback arming slider, according to one or more embodiments of the disclosure.
(14) FIG. 8 is a front elevation view of the setback arming slider of FIG. 7.
(15) FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a setback arming slider frame for receiving the setback arming slider.
(16) FIG. 10 is a plan view of the setback arming slider frame of FIG. 9 also depicting the location of an energetic charge recess.
(17) FIG. 11A is a pictorial view illustrating an exemplary firing path of a barrel spun projectile in accord with embodiments.
(18) FIG. 11B is a pictorial view illustrating the forces acting on a setback arming mechanism upon firing.
(19) FIG. 12 is a plan view of a setback and arming mechanism in a pre-firing safe mode in accord with embodiments.
(20) FIG. 13 is a plan view of the setback and arming mechanism of FIG. 12 after firing in a setback mode with the setback slider retracted into the setback slider slot and the arming slider advanced by centrifugal force from the spinning of the projectile, the arming slider stopped by a command latch.
(21) FIG. 14 is a plan view of the setback and arming mechanism of FIGS. 12-13 with the command latch release charge initiated for releasing the command latch.
(22) FIG. 15 is a plan view of the setback and arming mechanism of FIGS. 12-14 with the command latch released and the arming slider in a fully armed state with the arming latch lock engaged
(23) FIG. 16 is a plan view of the setback and arming mechanism of FIGS. 12-15 with the detonation micro fire train initiated.
(24) FIG. 17 is a pictorial view illustrating an exemplary firing path of a non-spinning projectile in accord with embodiments.
(25) FIG. 18 is a plan view of a setback and arming mechanism in a pre-firing safe mode in accord with embodiments.
(26) FIG. 19 is a plan view of the setback and arming mechanism of FIG. 18 after firing in a setback mode with the setback slider retracted into the setback slider slot and the arming slider advanced by force from the cam ball, the arming slider stopped by a command latch.
(27) FIG. 20 is a plan view of the setback and arming mechanism of FIGS. 18-19 with the camming ball set forward as the projectile encounters air resistance, for example.
(28) FIG. 21 is a plan view of the setback and arming mechanism of FIGS. 18-20 with the command charge initiated for releasing the command latch and for urging the arming slider forward to the fully armed position.
(29) FIG. 22A is a plan view of the setback and arming mechanism of FIGS. 18-21 with arming slider slid forward after release of the command latch and in an armed position.
(30) FIG. 22B is a plan view of the setback and arming mechanism of FIGS. 18-22 in an armed position.
(31) and with the detonation micro fire train initiated.
(32) FIG. 23 is a plan view of an arming slider with a mass reducing arming slider aperture.
(33) FIG. 24 is a plan view of an arming slider with the same peripheral footprint as the slider of FIG. 23, but with significantly different masses of the arming slider due to the lack of an aperture, and a setback slider with a greater mass due to the shorter legs.
(34) FIG. 25 is a plan view of another arming slider illustrating options for the mass adjusting aperture in the arming slider and different arm thicknesses of the command latch.
(35) FIG. 26A is an end view of an arming slider illustrating a first thickness.
(36) FIG. 26B is an end view of another arming slider illustrating a greater thickness compared to the arming slider of FIG. 26A providing a higher mass for the arming slider.
(37) FIG. 27A is a plan view of another arming slider illustrating options for a flyer in the recess.
(38) FIG. 27B is a cross sectional view of the arming slider of FIG. 27A taken at line 27B-27B.
(39) FIG. 27C is a cross sectional view of the arming slider of FIG. 27B with the flyer traversing a barrel.
(40) FIG. 28A is an illustration of thin wire electronic discharge machining of a plurality of arming sliders on a piece of sheet metal.
(41) FIG. 28B is an illustration of thin wire electronic discharge machining of a plurality of stacked work pieces for simultaneously machining a multiplicity of work pieces.
(42) FIG. 29 is a detailed view of a preform arming sliders retained in a piece of sheet metal such as that shown in FIG. 28 with a further machining operation such as by milling.
(43) FIG. 30 is a pictorial perspective view illustrating adding energetic charges to preform arming sliders by an automated paste injection equipment.
(44) FIG. 31 is a view of the piece of sheet metal of FIGS. 28-30 with arming slider preforms being separated from the piece of sheet metal by a machining process, for example, a laser cutter.
(45) FIG. 32 is a pictorial view of a pick and place assembly of safety and arming fuze assemblies in accord with embodiments.
(46) FIG. 33 is a plan view of a blank work piece for machining TSAM components.
(47) FIG. 34 is a plan view of the work piece of FIG. 33 with hole machined therein for micro wire EDM.
(48) FIG. 35 is a plan view of the work piece of FIG. 34 after micro wire EDM providing a arming slider preform.
(49) FIG. 36 is a plan view of the work piece of FIG. 35 after further machining for forming the transfer charge recess.
(50) FIG. 37 is a detail view of the machined preform of FIG. 36 with tabs securing the preform in position on the work piece.
(51) FIG. 38 is a perspective view of a spaced stack of work pieces and ceramic blocks for heat treating the work pieces.
(52) FIG. 39 is a perspective diagrammatic view of heat treating a plurality of work pieces of sheet metal for arming slider preforms.
(53) FIG. 40 is a table of steps for manufacturing TSAM components according to embodiments.
(54) FIG. 41 is a table of steps in designing a TSAM according to embodiments.
(55) FIG. 42 is a table of TSAM component variables for tuning TSAMS.
(56) FIG. 43 depicts a flow diagram of a design process used in slider arming mechanism design and modeling, according to one or more embodiments.
(57) While the embodiments of the disclosure are amenable to various modifications and alternative forms, specifies thereof have been shown by way of example in the drawings and will be described in detail. It should be understood, however, that the intention is not to limit the disclosure to the particular embodiments described. On the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the disclosure.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
(58) Referring to FIGS. 1-3, two different munitions are illustrated. FIGS. 1 and 2 are a side view and end view of an artillery projectile 100 that is fired from a rifled barrel. In various embodiments, the projectile 100, includes a main body portion 104, a tail portion 108, and a nose portion 112. A projectile sidewall or projectile chassis 114 defines at least the main body portion 104 and can additionally define the tail portion 108 and/or nose portion 112. The projectile has an axis A1 about which it spins and may have guidance and flight control capabilities. The projectile has a fuzing system 120 including a safety and arming device 125 including a tunable setback arming mechanism of TSAM illustrated in detail below. FIG. 3 illustrates a finned projectile 130 that has minimal or no spin when fired and may have a rocket motor 132 for propulsion and also has a safety and arming device 135 with the tunable setback and arming mechanism as described below.
(59) Referring to FIG. 4, each of the projectiles 100, 130 have projectile circuitry 150 that is illustrated by the block diagram with functional portions or units illustrated. The functional units may be combined and may or may not be physically separated or be discrete units. As used herein, the term projectile circuitry assembly refers to a collection of one or more projectile components, modules, wiring, and the like, that are configured to perform one or more various projectile functions. Projectile circuitry and the functional units include mechanical and electro-mechanical components and modules with same being positioned throughout such projectiles. The functional units may include, but are not limited to, power 154, communications 156, guidance 160, processing/memory 162, operator interface 164, antenna 166, sensors 168, flight control mechanisms 170, and fuzing 175. In embodiments the projectile circuitry 150 includes a fusing interface 180 with three output conductors 186, 188, 190 that connect to a micro electro-mechanical safety and arming device 200 or MEMSAD. The three output conductors may be a command lock release conductor 186, a detonation conductor 188, and a common conductor 190. The MEMSAD includes a tunable setback arming mechanism as described below.
(60) Referring to FIGS. 5A-5C, the MEMSAD 200 is illustrated in perspective view and an exploded view. In embodiments, the MEMSAD 200 may be constructed in layers as illustrated with a metal container 210 enclosing the layers. Referring to the exploded view, the internal components comprise a container lid 214, an initiator board 218, a sliding arming mechanism cover 222, an arming slider 225, an sliding arming mechanism frame and base 230, that includes a frame portion 232 and a base portion 234, and a lower metal container portion 240. The arming slider 225 seats in an arming slider recess 241 defined by the frame and base 230. The configuration of the arming slider 225 that cooperates with the frame and base 230 is tunable to accommodate different launch accelerations and spin rates of projectiles as more fully described below.
(61) Referring to FIGS. 5C, 6A, 6B, and 6C, the energetics define a warhead detonation micro firetrain 250 and a command lock release firetrain 254. The warhead detonation firetrain energetics include a detonator spot charge 260 that is deposited in the initiator board and is ignited by a voltage across the detonation conductor 188 and the common conductor 190 provided by the TSAM, a first transfer charge 264 positioned directly below the detonator spot charge, a second transfer charge 266 positioned below the first transfer charge and may be in a conforming recess in the sliding arming mechanism cover 222. A further arming slider transfer charge 270 is in the elongate recess 272 in the arming slider 225. The base and frame contain the main detonation output charge 277 with a stem charge portion 279 extending toward armed slider recess 241. The main detonation output charge 277, when detonated, is of sufficient strength to breach the canister to provide ignition to the high explosive warhead of the projectile. In embodiments, the canister may have ports or weakened areas to facilitate the detonation fire train to the main warhead explosive.
(62) As discussed in further detail below, the arming slider moves between a safe unarmed position, to an unarmed intermediate position, to an armed position. Only in the armed position is the arming slider transfer charge in alignment with the main detonation output charge as illustrated in FIG. 6B. FIG. 6A shows the detonation fire train interrupted as illustrated by the dashed line. The arming slider elongate recess 272 with the transfer charge 270 is not in alignment with the transfer charge 266 and the stem charge portion 279 when in the initial unarmed position or the intermediate position as depicted by FIG. 6A.
(63) Referring to FIGS. 5C and 6C, the command lock release firetrain 254 may include the spot charge 282 at the initiator board initiated by a voltage across the command lock release conductor 186 and the common conductor 190. The lock release charge 285 is deposited in a recess 287 in the frame and base 230. This firetrain 254 is discussed further below with reference to FIGS. 11 to 16.
(64) FIG. 6D is a command lock release and slider actuation firetrain 290 suitable for projectiles with low spin rates on no spinning and is discussed further below. The firetrain includes the spot charge 282 at the initiator board initiated by a voltage across the command lock release conductor 186 and the common conductor 190. The spot charge detonates the lock release and slider arm actuation charge 291. This firetrain 290 is discussed further below with reference to FIGS. 17 to 22.
(65) Referring to FIGS. 7-10, the tunable setback arming mechanism or TSAM 300 comprises the arming slider 225 and the frame and base 230. The arming slider is generally formed of a homogeneous piece of metal, for example stainless steel, but may be formed of other electrically conductive materials. The arming slider has a main body 302 with a forward end 303, defined by the sliding direction of the slider, and a rearward end 305. An exteriorly facing edge wall surface 307 defines a peripheral footprint 309 of the arming slider 225.
(66) The arming slider 225 has a mass reducing aperture 314 configured as a window with a generally rectangular shape positioned at the rearward end 305. This mass reduction window, in addition to reducing slider mass, reduces the surface area of the slider, which is believed to minimize out-of-tolerance issues and friction variables in the interfacing of the arming slider and frame and base. Toward the forward end 303 a setback slider slot 316 is defined and has a setback slider 318 projecting therefrom, the setback slider 318 connecting to and being unitary with the main body of the slider by of the setback spring 320. The setback slider having a generally U-shape with the spring 320 captured between the legs 323, 324 of the setback slider 318 and extending from the cross member 325. Each leg has an end 328, 329 with a laterally and outwardly projecting latch catches 331, 333 thereon. The latch catches are aligned with and corresponding to recesses 336 in the edge surface of the main slider body when the setback slider is in the projecting position as illustrated in FIGS. 7 and 8. When the setback slider is forced into the slot, the latch catches deflect the latch members 337, 338 and the setback slider is captured in the slot as the latch members spring back. The setback slider has serrations 339 at the upper leg portions and at the cross member 325. Centrally positioned on the upward edge as illustrated on FIGS. 7 and 8, a locking latch 340 is defined in the exterior periphery of the arming slider 225 and is configured as an outwardly and rearwardly extending tapering finger. Positioned intermediate the setback slider slot 317 and the mass reducing window is the elongate recess 272 for receiving the transfer charge 270. Positioned at the forward end of the main body on the side opposite the setback slider slot is the command latch 342 that projects forwardly and slightly downwardly. A command latch receiving recess 343 is provided to allow folding of the command latch inwardly. The command latch has a forward seating surface 344.
(67) In embodiments, the slider has a uniform thickness throughout except at the elongate recess 272 for the transfer charge. In embodiments, the thickness can range from 0.30 mm to 1.00 mm. In embodiments, the thickness can be less than 1.50 mm. In embodiments, the thickness can be less than 2.00 mm. In embodiments, the recess for the transfer charge can have a unitary membrane for holding the transfer charge, in embodiments the membrane can be less than 0.01 mm thick. The setback slider may be machined as described in detail below.
(68) The frame and base have a arming slider recess 241 that conforms to the peripheral footprint 305 of the arming slider and defines a length wise sliding pathway 346 in the elongate or the x direction as indicated by the coordinate axis of FIG. 8. The frame and base have an edge portion 348 with an inwardly facing edge wall surface 345. The base and frame further defining a setback slider recess 349 that receives the setback slider 318. A forward facing edge wall surface 351 defining the setback slider slot also acts as a catch surface for the locking latch 340 that is positioned on the arming slider such that when the arming slider moves to the armed position at the most forwardly arming slider position, the latch catches the wall surface 351 and secures the arming latch in the armed position, precluding rearward movement of the arming slider.
(69) The base and frame further define a recess 357 for receiving the command latch 342. When the arming slider is in the safe mode fully rearward, the command latch 342 extending outwardly is accommodated by the recess 344. When the arming slider is urged forward, the forward facing surface 344 of the command latch 342 engages the stop surface 360 to stop the forward movement of the arming slider. The recess 357 is continuous with the command lock release charge recess 287. When the command latch engages the stop surface 360, detonating the command lock release charge 285 folds the command latch inwardly releasing the arming slider to slide to the full forward armed position.
(70) The base and frame may be unitarily formed by machining from metal or by die casting, or by metal powder injection molding or by other means known in the art. In embodiments, a separate frame may be machined from a piece of sheet metal and a base portion be engaged therewith.
(71) Referring to FIGS. 11A-16, the tunable setback arming mechanism 300, or TSAM, is illustrated in its different positions corresponding to specific stages of launching and projectile travel. FIG. 11A represents a rifled barrel 400 firing a projectile 402, such as an artillery shell, where the projectile circuitry has fuzing with MEMSAD with a TSAM 300 in accord with embodiments, the projectile following a flight path 404. Referring to FIG. 11B, a diagrammatic illustration of the pertinent forces on the TSAM 300 when fired are illustrated.
(72) FIG. 12 represents the TSAM 300 in an unfired safe mode with the arming slider 225 in the safe, fully rearward position in the TSAM frame and body 230. The TSAM is positioned in the projectile with the setback slider 318 projecting out of the slot in the arming slider in the firing direction of the axis of the projectile. This is the prefiring state such as when the projectile is loaded in the barrel position 407. Upon firing, referring to FIGS. 11A and 12, the firing and attendant acceleration forces, indicated by the arrow 408, will impart the setback forces represented by the arrow 409 upon the setback slider 225. The setback forces overcome the setback slider spring 320 force, urging the setback slider into the setback slider slot capturing it therein as is illustrated in FIG. 13 corresponding to, for example, position 412 on the flight path. This may occur immediately upon firing while the projectile is accelerating in the barrel. The barrel imparts rotation, indicated by the arrow 324 in FIG. 11B, the projectile and thereby rotates the TSAM about the projectile axis A1 imparting centrifugal force, see arrow 326, on arming slider 225 which moves the slider from the rearward most position of FIG. 12 to an intermediate position of FIG. 13, for example at point 415 on the flight path, where the command latch 342 engages the stop surface 344 and stops the arming slider from further movement, until the command lock charge 285 is detonated by the fusing TSAM interface, see FIG. 14. This can occur based upon a time delay from firing, a signal from operators on the ground, or other triggering event. When the command lock charge 285 is detonated, the expanding gases force the command latch inwardly to unlock the arming slider, see FIGS. 14 and 15. Under the continuing centrifugal force provided by the spinning projectile the arming slider moves to the full forward position, the armed position, as illustrated in FIG. 15 and point 419 on the flight path. At this position, the transfer charge 270 is in alignment with the detonation spot charge, the first and second detonation transfer charges, and the main detonation output charge stem portion, see FIG. 6B and the associated text above. Upon the occurrence of a further trigger event, such as impact or proximity to a target or the ground, the fusing interface will initiate the detonation of the warhead detonation micro firetrain, including the transfer charge 270 and including the main detonation output charge with detonates the projectile warhead as illustrated in FIG. 16 and point 422 in the flight path of FIG. 11A.
(73) Referring to FIGS. 17-22, a tunable setback arming mechanism 450, or TSAM, is illustrated in its different positions corresponding to specific stages of launching and projectile travel. FIG. 17 represents a non-rifled barrel 455 firing a projectile 452 that does not spin or spins at a very low rate. The projectile circuitry has fuzing with MEMSAD with a TSAM 450 in accord with embodiments, the projectile following a flight path 454.
(74) This TSAM 450 cannot rely upon the high spinning rate of the projectile to provide centrifugal force to force the arming slider forwardly in the frame and base. The launching of the projectile still provides the high acceleration forces to impart the setback force on the setback slider as in TSAM of FIGS. 11A-16.
(75) FIG. 18 represents the TSAM in the safe mode with the arming slider in the most rearward position, reflecting the projectile in a loaded non fired state in the barrel at point 460. Upon firing, the setback slider is forced rearwardly and latches into position as illustrated in FIG. 19 and point 462 on the flight path. A further setback member, such as ball 465, is positioned to impart a camming force on arming slider 470 at a forward cam surface 472. The setback member can be other shapes as well. As the setback force urges the ball downward, the arming slider is pushed forward to the intermediate position of FIG. 19 where the command latch 477 engages the stop surface 478 on the frame and base 480. As the projectile decelerates, such as due to wind resistance, or a downward tilt of the projectile, the setback member 465 may move forward which still precludes the arming slider from sliding rearward in the frame and base as depicted in FIG. 20 and the command latch 342 engaged with the stop surface 344 precludes the arming slider from moving forward to the armed position as in the previous embodiments, see point 480 on the flight path. In other embodiments, a latch may preclude the slider from moving backwards. In this embodiment, the frame and base 479 has an addition energetic pathway 481 from the command lock release charge to the rearward end of the arming slider recess 241 To move the arming slider from the intermediate position of FIG. 20 to the armed position, the command lock release charge is fired which, as in the previous embodiments, moves the command latch to an inward non-obstructing position, and also detonates the additional energetic pathway 481 which provides expanding gas pressure rearward of the arming slider thereby pushing the arming slider 470 forward with the command latch disengaged, see FIGS. 21 and 22A and point 483 on the flight path. The arming slider is fully forward and the TSAM is armed. Upon the occurrence of a further trigger event, such as impact or proximity to a target or the ground, the fusing interface will initiate the detonation of the warhead detonation micro firetrain, including the transfer charge 270 and including the main detonation output charge which detonates the projectile warhead as illustrated in FIG. 22B and point 483 in the flight path of FIG. 17.
(76) Referring to FIGS. 23 to 27C, an arming slider 500 of the tunable setback arming mechanism 504 is illustrated with variable configurations that allow the tuning of the TSAM for varying applications. The tuning is readily accomplished by simply resizing certain portions of the arming slider 500 during machining, which as discussed below is readily accomplished through manufacturing methods disclosed below. Specifically, the mass adjusting window 510 may be sized as indicated in FIG. 25, to significantly alter the mass of the arming slider 515. In embodiments, the window 510 may be eliminated. Similarly, the size of the setback slider 520, and accordingly the mass of the setback slider may be readily changed as illustrated by the different setback sliders in FIGS. 23, 24, and 25. Additionally, the spring force of the setback slider spring 524 provided to resist the retraction of the setback slider may be adjusted by altering the thickness of the spring strand 527, the length of the spring strand, the number of lobes 528, for example. Additionally, the command latch 532 thickness can be adjusted as indicated by the dashed lines of FIG. 25. A further adjustment for tuning, highly suitable for the manufacturing techniques described below, is the thickness of the arming sliders may be easily adjusted during manufacture, see FIGS. 26A and 26B, thereby significantly changing the mass of the arming slider and the setback slider, as well as increasing the spring force of the setback slider spring, other parameters of the spring remaining constant. Additionally, as described below, heat treating may be utilized to provide arming sliders of varying characteristics by changing the ductility, tensile strength, and hardness of the homogeneous metal forming the setback slider. In embodiments, the tuning of characteristics may also be provided by changing the metal or metal formulation being utilized for the TSAM components. The slider body 542 may have a length L1, in embodiments of less than 1.0 cm. In embodiments, the length L1 may be less than 1.5 cm. In embodiments, the length L1 may be less than 0.75 cm. In embodiments, the length L1 may be in a range of from 0.5 cm to 1.0 cm. The slider body 542 may have width W1, not including the command latch 532, the setback slider 515, and the locking latch 533 of less than 0.5 cm. In embodiments, the width W1 may be less than 0.8 cm. In embodiments, the width W1 may be less than 0.4 cm. In embodiments the width W1 is less than 50% of the length L1. In embodiments, the width W1 is in the range of 0.25 cm to 1.0 cm. In embodiments, the width W2 of the arming slider including the setback slider 515 is less than 0.7 cm. In embodiments, the width W2 is less than 1.0 cm. In embodiments the width W2 may be less than 0.5 cm. In embodiments, the thickness T1 of the arming slider 500, which reflects the original thickness of the work piece, may be less than 0.5 mm. In embodiments, the thickness T1 is less than 0.8 mm. In embodiments, the thickness T1 is less than 0.4 mm. In embodiments, the thickness T1 is in the range of 0.2 mm to 1.6 mm. In embodiments, the length L2 of the setback slider 515 is less than 0.2 cm. In embodiments, the length L2 is less than 0.4 cm. In embodiments, the length L2 is in the range of from 0.3 cm to 0.6 cm. In embodiments, the width W3 of the setback slider is less than 0.2 cm. In embodiments, the width W3 is less than 0.4 cm. In embodiments, the width W3 is in the range of from 0.15 cm to 0.5 cm. In embodiments, the thickness of the setback slider is the same as the thickness T1 of the arming slider body 542.
(77) Although the setback slider 515 is shown positioned by way of the zig zag spring 524, a simple single leaf spring or two or more leaf springs could also hold it in position. With two or more leaf springs a four bar linkage is defined that can guide the movement of the setback slider.
(78) FIGS. 27A, 27B, and 27C illustrate another arming slider with a flyer 534, a thinned region, machined into the arming slider at the recess 270. The flyer may be 4-50 microns thick in embodiments. Upon detonation, the flyer launches and traverses a barrel 535, a gap between the flyer and the charge 4 and impacts at detonation speed into the detonation output charge 277.
(79) Referring to FIGS. 28A, 33, 34, and 35, a piece of sheet metal, a work piece 600 sized for being machined to form a plurality of or multiplicity of arming preforms 602 is positioned in a thin or micro wire electronic discharge machine 604, illustrated diagrammatically. The dashed lines of FIG. 28A indicating the preforms extend across the work piece. Starter holes 607 for initial insertion of the EDM are provided in the work piece by conventional means. In embodiments each preform may have two or more starter holes for insertion of an EDM wire. Each of the preforms on a work piece 600 may be formed simultaneously with an EDM wire at a corresponding starter hole on each preform. In embodiments, sets of the preforms on a particular work piece may be machined simultaneously. This allows each set to have different patterns resulting in different operating characteristics of each set. Each set having an identical cut pattern. Depending on the setup of the EDM machine either the work piece or the fixture holding the EDM wires will move following a pattern received by the EDM machine. A cut pattern 609 by the EDM wires is illustrated by the two preforms 602 of FIG. 35. In another embodiment, a stack 611 of work pieces may be simultaneously machined by EDM as diagrammatically illustrated in FIG. 28B.
(80) The use of two or more holes allow the EDM pattern to include micro tabs 611 to secure the preform in place facilitating additional operations and addition of energetics as described below. Each preform in FIG. 34 has four starter holes 607 allowing for three support micro tags to secure the preform in the work piece and a mass control window 510. Each starter hole associated with a portion of the entire EDM cut pattern portion. See, in particular, FIG. 37.
(81) Although EDM machining has conventionally been considered to be a very slow machining process, utilizing multiple wires to simultaneously cut multiple preforms on a single or stacked work pieces, in association with the overall short lengths of the cuts, overcomes these perceived disadvantages in this application. EDM machining a multiplicity of preforms and then removing the preforms as arming sliders is an exceptionally expedient process.
(82) Referring to FIGS. 29, 36, and 37, a further machining operation to be performed on each preform utilizes a milling machine 617 for removing material in each preform to form the transfer charge recess 241. The machining may leave a metal membrane with a pair of apertures, the metal membrane may be, in embodiments, in the range of 4 to 50 microns, for example. The milling machine may also provide thinning of specific portions of the preform to adjust select functionalities beyond that provided by the pattern shape. For example, a recess may be machined in the setback slider rather than a through window, thinning a region near the rearward end to reduce mass of the final arming slider. The machining allows each preform of a set of preforms to have a range of different masses, allowing efficient testing of samples for optimal performance in specific projectile environments. For example, a plurality of TSAMs may be test fired in a projectile to identify the optimal performing arming slider of the plurality of TSAMs where the arming sliders have varying masses.
(83) Referring to FIGS. 30, 31, and 37, a dispenser may deposit energetic material in the transfer charge recesses of each preform. After curing of the energetic material, the tabs 611 holding the preforms in the work piece 600 may be cut by machining, such as by laser cutting by a laser 621 to release the arming sliders. The laser 621 may also be utilized to heat and/or anneal particular portions of a preform to provide desirable metal characteristics for example increasing the ductility of a command latch to provide deformation rather than resiliency so that the arm is retained in the command latch recess after detonation of the command latch energetic charge. The individual heat treating of specific preforms allow a set of final arming sliders to have a range of different metal characteristics of a specific structure of the arming sliders. This allows efficient testing of samples for optimal performance in specific projectile environments. For example, a plurality of TSAMs may be test fired in a projectile to identify the optimal performing arming slider of the plurality of TSAMs where each arming slider has a different metal characteristic for a structural feature of the arming sliders.
(84) Referring to FIG. 32, the arming sliders and other components of the MEMSADs may be assembled by pick and place equipment 632 represented diagrammatically.
(85) Referring to FIGS. 38 and 39, the work pieces 600, either before the preforms are machined therein, or after machining, or during an intermediate step, may be heat treated to adjust select desirable metal characteristics. Suitably, work pieces 600 are stacked between blocks 635 of, for example, ceramic material, prior to placement in the heat treating unit 638.
(86) Referring to FIG. 40, a table is provided setting forth steps in manufacture described above. The steps may be in different order and particular process may use select ones of the steps and, of course, additional steps. FIG. 41 provides a table of suitable design steps in tuning TSAM components for MEMSADs. FIG. 42 provides TSAM component variables that may be selected and adjusted for tuning setback arming sliders or other MEMSAD components.
(87) In various embodiments, the projectiles may be a large/high caliber spin-stabilized projectile for firing from a rifled barrel or gun. For example, in certain embodiments, projectile 300 is a 155 mm projectile, 105 mm projectile, Navy 5 projectile, or other large caliber shell. The term large caliber, high caliber or the like, as used herein, refers to projectiles having a caliber greater than or equal to 75 mm. However, in certain embodiments the projectile 300 can be a medium or small caliber projectile. As used herein, the term small caliber refers to projectiles of 50 caliber or less and the term medium caliber refers to projectiles greater than 50 caliber to 75 mm. In addition, the term spin-stabilized, as used herein, means that the projectile is stabilized by being spun around its longitudinal (forward to rearward) central axis. The spinning mass creates gyroscopic forces that keep the projectile resistant to destabilizing torque in-flight. In addition, as used herein, the term spin-stabilized means that the projectile has a gyroscopic stability factor of 1.0 or higher. As such, while some projectiles, such as fin-stabilized projectiles, may have some amount of spin imparted on them during flight, the term spin-stabilized applies only to projectiles having a spin-rate such that the quantified gyroscopic stability factor achieves a value of 1.0 or higher.
(88) FIG. 43 shows a block diagram of a design flow 1000 for generating a design structure 1004 encoded on a computer readable storage medium 1008 used for, in some embodiments, component modeling, simulation, and testing. Design flow 1000 includes processes, machines and/or mechanisms for generating design structures comprising logically or otherwise functionally equivalent encoded representations of the systems and/or devices described herein. For example, design structures may include data and/or instructions that when executed or otherwise processed on a data processing system generate a structurally, mechanically, aerodynamically, or otherwise equivalent representation of the components, structures, mechanisms, and elements as described herein. The design structures processed and/or generated by design flow 1000 may be encoded or stored on any suitable computer readable storage media 1008.
(89) Processes, machines and/or mechanisms for generating design structures may include, but are not limited to, any machine used in circuitry design process, such as designing, manufacturing, modeling, or simulating component structure, circuitry and/or antenna performance. For example, machines may include, computers or equipment used in circuitry design, device modeling, or any machines for programming functionally equivalent representations of the design structures into any medium.
(90) FIG. 43 illustrates a design structure 1004 that may be outputted by a design process 1012. Design structure 1004 may be a simulation to produce a structurally, electrically, and/or logically equivalent functional representation of setback arming mechanisms. In one or more embodiments, whether representing functional, structural, and/or electrical design features, design structure 1004 may be generated using electronic computer-aided design tools. Inventions herein include modeled or simulated devices.
(91) As such, design structure 1004 may comprise files or other data structures including human and/or machine-readable source code, compiled structures, and computer executable code structures that when processed by a design processing system, functionally simulate or otherwise represent circuits, structure, or other levels of hardware logic design.
(92) Design process 1012 may include processing a variety of input data 1016 for generating design structure 1004. Such data may include a set of commonly used components, and devices, including models, layouts, and performance characteristics, such as aerodynamic performance, for a given device. The input data may further include design specifications, design rules, and test data files which may include test results, and other testing information regarding components, devices, and circuits that are utilized in one or more of the embodiments of the disclosure. Once generated, design structure 1004 may be encoded on a computer readable storage medium or memory, as described herein.
(93) One or more embodiments may be a computer program product. The computer program product may include a computer readable storage medium (or media) including computer readable program instructions for causing a processor to enhance target intercept according to one or more embodiments described herein.
(94) The computer readable storage medium is a tangible, non-transitory, device that can retain and store instructions for use by an instruction execution device. The computer readable storage medium may be, for example, an electronic storage device, a magnetic storage device, an optical storage device, or other suitable storage media.
(95) A computer readable storage medium, as used herein, is not to be construed as being transitory signals per se, such as radio waves or other freely propagating electromagnetic waves, electromagnetic waves propagating through a waveguide or other transmission media (e.g., light pulses passing through a fiber-optic cable), or electrical signals transmitted through a wire.
(96) Program instructions, as described herein, can be downloaded to respective computing/processing devices from a computer readable storage medium or to an external computer or external storage device via a network, for example, the Internet, a local area network, a wide area network and/or a wireless network. A network adapter card or network interface in each computing/processing device may receive computer readable program instructions from the network and forward the computer readable program instructions for storage in a computer readable storage medium within the respective computing/processing device.
(97) Computer readable program instructions for carrying out one or more embodiments, as described herein, may be assembler instructions, instruction-set-architecture (ISA) instructions, machine instructions, machine dependent instructions, microcode, firmware instructions, state-setting data, or either source code or object code written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including an object oriented programming language such as Smalltalk, C++ or the like, and conventional procedural programming languages, such as the C programming language or similar programming languages.
(98) The computer readable program instructions may execute entirely on a single computer, or partly on the single computer and partly on a remote computer. In some embodiments, the computer readable program instructions may execute entirely on the remote computer. In the latter scenario, the remote computer may be connected to the single computer through any type of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or public network.
(99) One or more embodiments are described herein with reference to a flowchart illustration and/or block diagrams of methods, systems, and computer program products for impact fuzing according to one or more of the embodiments described herein. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, may be implemented by computer readable program instructions.
(100) These computer readable program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks. These computer readable program instructions may also be stored in a computer readable storage medium that can direct a computer, a programmable data processing apparatus, and/or other devices to function in a particular manner, such that the computer readable storage medium having instructions stored therein comprises an article of manufacture including instructions which implement aspects of the function/act specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks.
(101) The computer readable program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other device to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer, other programmable apparatus or other device to produce a computer implemented process, such that the instructions which execute on the computer, other programmable apparatus, or other device implement the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks.
(102) The flowchart and block diagrams in the Figures illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods, and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present invention. In this regard, each block in the flowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portion of instructions, which comprises one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function(s). In some embodiments, the functions noted in the block may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved.
(103) In addition to the above disclosure, the disclosure of the following U.S. Patents and Publications and PCT publications providing munitions suitable for incorporating the embodiments herein and related systems, including fusing systems, are fully incorporated by reference herein for all purposes. U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,422,507; 7,412,930; 7,431,237; 6,345,785; 6,981,672; 8,916,810; 6,653,972; 7,631,833; 7,921,775; 7,947,936; 8,063,347; 9,709,372; 9,683,814; 8,552,349; 8,757,064; 8,508,404; 7,849,797; 7,548,202; 7,098,841; 6,834,591; 6,389,974; 6,204,8015,734,389; 5,696,347; 9,709,372; 9,683,814; 9,031,725; 8,552,349; 8,757,064; 8,508,404; 7,849,797; 7,548,202; 7,098,841; 6,834,591; 6,389,974; 6,204,801; 5,734,389; 5,696,347; 6,502,786; 6,666,402; 6,693,592; 7,681,504; 8,319,163; 8,324,542; 8,674,277; 8,887,640; 8,950,335; 9,303,964; 9,360,286; 9,557,405; 9,587,923; 10,054,404; 2006/0061949; 2018/0245895; 2019/0041527; and WO2011/114089.
(104) Patents and patent publications illustrating EDM equipment, techniques, and methods are provided in the following U.S. patents and U.S. patent publications which are incorporated herein for all purposes.
(105) U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,475,996; 5,882,490; 5,4987,848; 7,950,149; 9,089,916; 10,086,457; 10,118,239; 10,300,542; 10,471,528; 2008/0257867; 2010/0140226; 2011/0114602; 2013/0228553; 2013/0240486; 2015/0144599; 2017/0266744.
(106) The descriptions of the various embodiments of the present disclosure have been presented for purposes of illustration but are not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the embodiments disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terminology used herein was chosen to explain the principles of the embodiments, the practical application or technical improvement over technologies found in the marketplace, or to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.
