SYSTEM FOR PRODUCING A MULTIPLE COMPONENT MIXTURE

Abstract

The disclosure relates to an application system for mixing a plurality of components for producing a multicomponent mixture, in particular a polyurethane foam, and for introducing and/or applying the multicomponent mixture into and/or onto an article, in particular a lithium-ion battery, wherein the application system comprises an application device. Furthermore, a method for mixing a plurality of components for producing a multicomponent mixture and for introducing and/or applying the multicomponent mixture into and/or onto an article is disclosed.

Claims

1. Application system for mixing a plurality of components for producing a multicomponent mixture, in particular a polyurethane foam, and for introducing and/or applying the multicomponent mixture into and/or onto an article, in particular a lithium-ion battery, comprising: an application device configured for mixing the plurality of components for producing the multicomponent mixture and for introducing and/or applying the multicomponent mixture into and/or onto the article, the application system preferably further comprises one or more of the following devices: a first device for material treatment, configured to provide a material flow of a first component, and/or a second device for material treatment, configured to provide a material flow of a third component, and/or a first metering device, configured to receive the material flow of the first component, to set a mass flow and/or volume flow of the first component and to provide the material flow to a first injection unit of the application device, and/or a second metering device, configured to receive a material flow of a second component, in particular a gas flow, preferably an air flow, to set a mass flow and/or volume flow of the second component and to provide the material flow to a second injection unit of the application device, and/or a third metering device, configured to receive a material flow of the third component, to set a mass flow and/or volume flow of the third component and to provide the material flow to a third injection unit of the application device.

2. Application system according to claim 1, wherein the first device for material treatment and/or the second device for material treatment comprises: a material container and a pumping device, wherein: the material container is configured to treat the corresponding component; the pumping device has an Inlet and an outlet; the Inlet of the pumping device is connected to the material container in a fluid-communicating manner, so that the component can be introduced from the material container into the pumping device; and the pumping device is configured to provide the component at the outlet of the pumping device with a pressure of at least 15 bar.

3. Application system according to claim 2, wherein: the pumping device comprises or is a piston pump, in particular a high-pressure piston pump; and/or the pumping device is configured to provide the component at the outlet of the pumping device with a pressure of at least 60 bar, preferably at least 100 bar, more preferably at least 200 bar, more preferably at least 300 bar; and/or the pumping device is configured to control or regulate a volume flow of the material at the outlet of the pumping device; and/or the pumping device comprises a drive, in particular a servo-hydraulic drive.

4. Application system according to claim 1, wherein the application device comprises: a mixing tube with a first closed end and a second end for discharging the multi-component mixture from the mixing tube, wherein the mixing tube comprises a mixing space between the first end and the second end, a plurality of injection units, which are preferably arranged on the mixing tube, each configured to inject a corresponding one of the plurality of components into the mixing space, wherein the application device further comprises a mixer arranged in the mixing space, which is configured to mix the injected components with one another, in particular along the mixing tube.

5. Application system according to claim 4, wherein the mixing space defines a mixing section starting from the first end, wherein the plurality of injection units are each configured to inject a corresponding one of the plurality of components at a corresponding position along the mixing section, wherein the plurality of injection units comprise: at least one first injection unit for injecting the first component, preferably at a first position along the mixing section; and at least one second injection unit for injecting the second component, in particular a gas or gas mixture, preferably air, preferably at a second position arranged along the mixing section at or behind the first position; wherein the mixer is configured to mix the injected components with one another based on the order in which they are injected at the corresponding positions along the mixing section.

6. Application system according to claim 4, wherein the second injection unit is configured for injecting a gas or gas mixture, preferably air, as the second component, and/or wherein the plurality of injection units comprise a third injection unit for injecting the third component, preferably at a third position arranged along the mixing section at or behind the second position.

7. Application system according to claim 4, the application device further comprising: a moving device configured to move the mixer along a central axis of the mixing tube and/or between the first end and the second end.

8. Application system according to claim 4, wherein the mixing tube has a plurality of sections, wherein a wall of the mixing tube of at least two of the plurality of sections has different inner diameters from one another.

9. Application system according to claim 8, further comprising at least one pressure sensor, wherein preferably for at least one of the plurality of sections of the mixing tube at least one pressure sensor is provided which is configured to measure a pressure in the region of the mixing chamber adjacent to the respective section.

10. Application system according to claim 1, wherein the first component and/or the third component is a fluid or comprises a fluid and/or is liquid, in particular: wherein the first component is or comprises a polyol and/or the third component is or comprises a polyisocyanate, or wherein the first component is or comprises a polyisocyanate and/or the third component is or comprises a polyol, and/or wherein the second component is or comprises a gas or gas mixture, preferably air.

11. Application system according to claim 1, wherein the first component and/or the third component are injected into the mixing chamber of the application device in an air-free state and/or in a gas-free state.

12. Application system according to claim 1, configured to mix the first component and/or the third component with the second component exclusively in the mixing chamber of the application device, and/or wherein the application system is configured not to mix the first component with the second component upstream of the first metering device or upstream of the application device, and/or wherein the application system is configured not to mix the third component with the second component upstream of the third metering device or upstream of the application device.

13. Application system according to claim 12, comprising a control unit which is configured to control a ratio between the mass flow of the second component and the mass flow of the first component and/or a ratio between the mass flow of the second component and the mass flow of the third component and/or a ratio between the mass flow of the first component and the mass flow of the third component, and/or to control a ratio between the volume flow of the second component and the volume flow of the first component and/or a ratio between the volume flow of the second component and the volume flow of the third component and/or a ratio between the volume flow of the first component and the volume flow of the third component.

14. Method for mixing a plurality of components for producing a multicomponent mixture and for introducing and/or applying the multicomponent mixture into and/or onto an article, in particular using an application system according to claim 1, the method comprising the steps: providing a material flow of a first component by means of a first device for material treatment, setting a mass flow of the first component by means of a first metering device and providing the material flow to a first injection unit of an application device, providing a material flow of a second component, in particular a gas or gas mixture, preferably air, setting a mass flow of the second component by means of a second metering device and providing the material flow to a second injection unit of the application device, providing a material flow of a third component by means of a second device for material treatment, setting a mass flow of the third component by means of a third metering device and providing the material flow to a third injection unit of the application device, injecting by means of the first injection unit the first component into a mixing space of a mixing tube of the application device at a first position along a mixing section defined by the mixing space and injecting by means of the second injection unit the second component into the mixing space at a second position located along the mixing section at or behind the first position, mixing the first component and the second component in the mixing space along the mixing section by rotating a mixer arranged in the mixing space for producing a mixture of the first component and the second component, injecting by means of the third injection unit the third component into the mixing space at a third position located along the mixing section at or behind the second position, and mixing the third component and the mixture of the first component and the second component for producing the multi-component mixture by rotating the mixer.

15. Method according to claim 14, wherein the first component and/or the third component is injected into the mixing space in an air-free state and/or in a gas-free state, and/or wherein the first component passes the first metering device in an air-free or gas-free state, and/or wherein the third component passes the third metering device in an air-free gas-free state.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0159] The aspects of the disclosure are explained below on the basis of drawings. In the drawings:

[0160] FIG. 1A shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an application device of embodiments of the disclosure;

[0161] FIG. 1B shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an application device of further embodiments of the disclosure;

[0162] FIG. 2 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a part of an application device of still further embodiments of the disclosure;

[0163] FIGS. 3A, 3B show schematic cross-sectional views of the second end of a mixing tube and a mixer in different positions of an application device of embodiments of the disclosure;

[0164] FIGS. 4A, 4B show schematic cross-sectional views of the second end of a mixing tube and a mixer in different positions of an application device of further embodiments of the disclosure;

[0165] FIGS. 5A, 5B show schematic cross-sectional views of the second end of a mixing tube and a mixer in different positions of an application device of still further embodiments of the disclosure;

[0166] FIG. 6 shows a schematic view of a mixing section of embodiments of the disclosure;

[0167] FIG. 7 shows a device for material treatment of embodiments of the disclosure;

[0168] FIG. 8 shows an enlarged illustration of a material container of a device for material treatment of embodiments of the disclosure;

[0169] FIG. 9 shows a schematic view of an application system of embodiments of the disclosure;

[0170] FIG. 10 shows a flow diagram of a method of embodiments of the disclosure;

[0171] FIG. 11 shows a flow diagram of a method of further embodiments of the disclosure; and

[0172] FIG. 12 shows a diagram for illustrating a control step of a method for mixing a plurality of components for producing a multicomponent mixture and for introducing/applying the multicomponent mixture into/onto an article of embodiments of the disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

[0173] In the following, the same reference signs refer to the same or corresponding elements.

[0174] FIG. 1A shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an application device of embodiments of the disclosure. FIG. 1B shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an application device of further embodiments of the disclosure. FIG. 2 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a part of an application device of still further embodiments of the disclosure.

[0175] The application device 1 is configured for mixing a plurality of components for producing a multicomponent mixture and for introducing and/or applying the multicomponent mixture into or onto an article G. The multicomponent mixture is, for example, polyurethane foam.

[0176] The PU foam can be applied into or onto the article by means of the application device 1. The article G is, for example, a lithium-ion battery or battery cell. For example, the PU foam can be introduced into an interior of the battery and/or into an intermediate space between the battery cells of the battery. The PU foam serves, for example, for fire protection.

[0177] The application device 1 comprises a mixing tube 2 with a first end 3 and a second end 4. The first end 3 is closed. This means that the end is sealed against components of the multicomponent mixture injected into the mixing tube 2. The second end 4 is open and serves for discharging the multicomponent mixture from the mixing tube 2. Between the first end 3 and the second end 4, the mixing tube 2 comprises a mixing space 5. The mixing space 5 defines a mixing section 6 starting from the first end 3 towards the second end 4. The mixing space 5 is arranged in the mixing tube 2. The mixing space 5 can also be referred to as a mixing chamber.

[0178] The mixing tube 2 is configured substantially straight. This means that a center line 10 of the mixing tube 2 is straight. The center line 10 can also be referred to as a central axis. The mixing tube 2 comprises a wall 19. An inner side of the wall 19 can be substantially rotationally symmetrical about the central axis 10, as shown. The inner side of the wall 19 adjoins the mixing space 5. The mixing tube 2 is oriented substantially vertically. This means that the central axis 10 extends substantially along a vertical spatial direction z.

[0179] As shown, the mixing tube 2 has a plurality of sections 2a, 2b, 2c along the central axis 10. In the embodiments of FIGS. 1A and 1B, the mixing tube has two sections 2a, 2b. In the embodiment of FIG. 2, the mixing tube has three sections 2a, 2b, 2c. However, the disclosure is not restricted thereto. For example, a first section 2a is arranged at or adjacent to the first end 3 and a second section 2b is arranged along the central axis 10 between the first section 2a and the second end 4. A third section 2c can be arranged at or adjacent to the second end 4. The third section 2c is arranged along the central axis 10, for example, between the second section 2c and the second end 4.

[0180] The wall 19 of the mixing tube 2 has a substantially constant inner diameter within each section 2a, 2b, 2c. However, the wall 19 of the mixing tube 2 has different inner diameters from one another between the sections 2a, 2b, 2c. Thus, the wall 19 has a different inner diameter in the section 2a than in the section 2b. In addition, the wall 19 has a different inner diameter in the section 2b than in the section 2c. Furthermore, the wall 19 has a different inner diameter in the section 2a than in the section 2c. When considering the inner diameter, any mixing elements 16, as will be described in detail later, may not be taken into account.

[0181] As shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, the wall 19 has a larger inner diameter in the first section 2a than in the second section 2b. The first section 2a can also be referred to as an upper material chamber of the mixing tube 2 and the second section 2b can also be referred to as a lower material chamber.

[0182] As shown in FIG. 2, the wall 19 has a larger inner diameter in the third section 2a than in the sections 2a, 2b. According to further embodiments, the inner diameter in the third section 2c can also be smaller than in the sections 2a, 2b.

[0183] As shown, further transition sections 2d, 2e of the mixing tube 2, in which the wall 19 of the mixing tube 2 has a variable inner diameter, can be arranged between the sections 2a, 2b, 2c. The inner diameter can vary, for example, linearly along the central axis 10. A transition can thus be created between the different inner diameters of the respective sections 2a, 2b, 2c.

[0184] The wall 19 of the mixing tube 2 comprises injection points 20a, 20b, 20c for corresponding injection units 7a, 7b, 7c, which are described in detail below. As shown, the injection points are arranged on the wall 19 of the mixing tube 2. However, the disclosure is not restricted thereto. The injection points serve merely to provide access for the injection units to the mixing space 5 for injecting the components. The injection points can be formed as holes or bores through the wall 19.

[0185] The application device 1 further comprises a plurality of injection units 7a, 7b, 7c. These are each configured to inject a corresponding component into the mixing space 5. As shown, the injection units 7a, 7b, 7c are arranged on the wall 19 of the mixing tube 2, more precisely on an outer side of the wall 19, but the disclosure is not restricted thereto. Each of the injection units 7a, 7b, 7c is arranged at a corresponding injection point 20, 20b, 20c and is configured to inject the corresponding component via the injection point into the mixing space 5. The injection units 7a, 7b, 7c thus inject the corresponding component at a predetermined position Pa, Pb, Pc for this component along the mixing section 6.

[0186] As shown by way of example in FIG. 1A for the injection unit 7b and 7c, each of the injection units 7a, 7b, 7c can have a nozzle. Each of the injection units is further configured to stop the injection of the component. For this purpose, each of the injection units 7a, 7b, 7c can have a corresponding inlet valve which is configured, for example, as a needle valve. The inlet valve 7a, 7b, 7c can be configured as a PWM valve. An injection of the respective component into the mixing chamber 5 can thereby be stopped completely. This is necessary, for example, when sufficient PU foam has been applied to the article G and the next article G is changed. A material flow of the respective component can then be briefly interrupted by means of the inlet valves.

[0187] A first injection unit 7a is provided for injecting a first component via a first injection point 20a at a first position Pa along the mixing section 6. A second injection unit 7b is provided for injecting a second component via a second injection point 20b at a second position Pb along the mixing section 6. A third injection unit 7c is provided for injecting a third component via a third injection point 20c at a third position Pc along the mixing section 6. The second position Pb is arranged along the mixing section 6 behind the first position Pa, and the third position Pc is arranged along the mixing section 6 behind the second position Pb.

[0188] For cleaning and rinsing the application device 1, in particular the mixing tube 2, the mixer 8 and the mixing space 5, only air or the first component is injected into the mixing space 5. According to embodiments not shown, the application device 1 can further comprise a rinse injection unit. The rinse injection unit can be configured for injecting a rinse medium into the mixing space 5 for rinsing the mixing space 5 from the first to third components. The rinse medium can be water. The rinse injection unit can inject the rinse medium at an arbitrary position along the mixing section 6 into the mixing space 5. Additionally or alternatively, one injection unit can be used for injecting a rinse medium.

[0189] In the embodiment of FIG. 1B, a fourth injection unit 7d for injecting a fourth component is present. This is arranged at an injection point 20d which is at the same height as the injection point 20c of the third injection unit 7c. The injection point 20d can be opposite the injection point 20c on the wall 19 with respect to the central axis 10. Consequently, the fourth component is injected at the same position 20c as the third component along the mixing section 6. According to embodiments not shown, the fourth injection unit 7d can be arranged along the mixing section 6 in front of the third position, in particular between the second position and the third position.

[0190] The injection units can comprise a fifth injection unit (not shown) for injecting a fifth component at a fifth position arranged along the mixing section in front of the third position, in particular between the second position and the third position, for example behind the fourth position. The fourth component can in particular be a booster for the third component. The fifth component can in particular be water. According to embodiments, a plurality of first, second, third, fourth and/or fifth injection units can also be present.

[0191] The first to third injection units 7a, 7b, 7c are each configured to inject a fluid. According to embodiments, the second injection unit 7b injects a gas or a gas mixture, for example air, into the mixing chamber 5 as a component. The first component 7a injects a polyol as a second component and the third injection unit 7b injects a polyisocyanate as a component, or vice versa.

[0192] At least one of the injection units 7a, 7b, 7c can be formed so as to be removable from the wall 19. This is illustrated in FIG. 1A for the injection unit 7c. As a result, it is possible to offset and attach to another injection point, for example the injection point 20c. As a result, it is possible to inject the third component flexibly at a plurality of positions Pc, Pc along the mixing section 6.

[0193] The application device 1 further comprises a first pressure sensor (not shown) for measuring a pressure in the region of the mixing chamber 5 which is adjacent to the first section 2a of the mixing tube 2. The first pressure sensor can alternatively or additionally be configured to measure a pressure at a position along the mixing section 6 in the region of the first position Pa or at a position between the first position Pa and the second position Pb.

[0194] In addition, the application device 1 can comprise a second pressure sensor (not shown) for measuring a pressure in the region of the mixing chamber 5 which is adjacent to the second section 2b of the mixing tube 2. The second pressure sensor can alternatively or additionally be configured to measure a pressure at a position along the mixing section 6 in the region of the second position Pb or at a position between the second position Pb and the third position Pc. The application device 1 can further comprise a third pressure sensor (not shown) for measuring a pressure in the region of the mixing chamber 5 adjacent to the second end of the mixing tube 4 and/or adjacent to the third section 2c. The third pressure sensor can alternatively or additionally be configured to measure a pressure at a position along the mixing section 6 in the region of the third position Pc or at a position after the third position Pc and/or between the third position Pc and the second end 4.

[0195] The application device 1 further comprises a mixer 8 arranged at least partially in the mixing chamber 5. The mixer 8 can be arranged completely in the mixing chamber 5. Preferably, a central piece 12 and mixing elements 13 of the mixer 8 can be arranged in the mixing chamber 5. The mixer 8 can be configured as a rotor. The mixer 8 is configured to mix the injected components. For this purpose, the mixer 8 rotates in the mixing chamber 5. The axis of rotation of the mixer 8 is preferably parallel to the central axis of the mixing tube 2 or coincides therewith. To rotate the mixer, the application device 1 can comprise a rotating device 15, for example an electric motor. The mixer 8 and the mixing tube 2 can have been produced by means of 3D printing.

[0196] The mixer 8 mixes the injected components along the mixing space 5 or along the mixing section 6. The mixer 8 mixes the injected components based on the order in which they are injected at the corresponding positions along the mixing section 6. The multicomponent mixture is produced by mixing the injected components. For example, the PU foam is produced by mixing polyisocyanate with polyol and air.

[0197] The produced multicomponent mixture subsequently independently escapes from the mixing tube 2 and the mixer at the second end 4. This takes place in that the mixing tube 2 is arranged vertically and the material of the multicomponent mixture escapes as a result of gravity. Because the upper first end 3 of the mixing tube 4 is closed and when the components are continuously injected into the mixing space 5, the material of the multicomponent mixture is additionally pressed out of the mixing tube 5 by the material of the injected components flowing in.

[0198] The mixer 8 first mixes the first component and air with one another along the mixing space 5, starting from the first end 3. Next, the mixer 8 mixes the mixture of the first component and air with the third component.

[0199] Because the injection point 20c for the third component is set lower than the injection point 20b for air, air is already added to or mixed with the first component in the upper part of the mixing tube 2, without the first component already being mixed with the second component. This prevents clogging of the mixer 8.

[0200] The first end 3 of the mixing tube 2 can be closed and sealed in particular by a part of the mixer 8. Alternatively or additionally, a seal (not shown) can be provided for closing the first end 3.

[0201] The mixer 8 comprises a central piece 12. The central piece is configured substantially rotationally symmetrical and preferably has the smallest possible extent in the radial direction, in order to minimize centrifugal forces. The central piece 12 extends along the central axis 10 of the mixing tube 2. An axis of symmetry of the central piece 12 preferably coincides with the central axis 10 of the mixing tube 2. In addition, the axis of symmetry of the central piece 12 coincides with the axis of rotation of the mixer. For example, the central piece 12 is configured as a round or cylindrical rod.

[0202] In addition, the mixer 8 comprises a plurality of mixing elements 13. The mixing elements 13 serve for efficient mixing of the injected components. The mixing elements 13 are arranged on an outer side of the central piece 12, for example a lateral surface thereof. The mixing elements 13 extend in the radial direction of the central piece 12. The mixing elements 13 can be arranged distributed along the central piece 12 and/or with respect to the central axis 10 of the mixing tube 2. In addition, the plurality of mixing elements can be arranged distributed in the circumferential direction of the central piece.

[0203] For example, as shown, the mixing elements 13 are each configured as a lamella which is arranged on the lateral surface of the central piece 12, wherein the mixing elements 13 each extend in the radial direction of the central piece 12. The mixing elements 13 can be arranged in a star shape and/or regularly around the central piece 12. However, the disclosure is not restricted thereto. The mixing elements 13 are preferably designed and/or arranged in such a way that no imbalance arises when the mixer 8 is rotated.

[0204] In addition, a plurality of mixing elements 16 are provided which are arranged on the inner side of the wall 19 of the mixing tube 2 and extend counter to the radial direction towards the central axis 10 of the mixing tube 8 into the mixing space 5. As shown, the mixing elements 16 are likewise configured as lamellae. As shown, the mixing elements 16 are arranged only in the section 2a of the mixing tube 2, but the disclosure is not restricted thereto.

[0205] As shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, the first injection unit 7a is arranged on the wall 19 in the first section 2a of the mixing tube 2. The first injection unit 7a is configured to inject the first component into a region of the mixing chamber 5 which is adjacent to the first section 2a of the mixing tube 2. In addition, the second injection unit 7b is arranged on the wall 19 in the first section 2a of the mixing tube 2. The second injection unit 7a is configured to inject the first component into a region of the mixing chamber 5 which is adjacent to the first section 2a of the mixing tube 2. The third injection unit 7c is arranged on the wall 19 in the second section 2b of the mixing tube 2. The third injection unit 7c is configured to inject the third component into a region of the mixing chamber 5 which is adjacent to the second section 2b of the mixing tube 2.

[0206] As shown in FIG. 2, the first injection unit 7a is arranged on the wall 19 in the first section 2a of the mixing tube 2. The second injection unit 7b is arranged on the wall 19 in the second section 2b of the mixing tube 2. The second injection unit 7c is arranged on the wall 19 in the third section 2c of the mixing tube 2.

[0207] The application device 1 further comprises a moving device 9. The moving device 9 can move the mixer 8 along and/or parallel to the central axis 10 of the mixing tube 2 and/or between the first end 3 and the second end 4, which is illustrated in the figures by a vertical double arrow. The moving device 9 is configured to move the mixer 8 upwards and downwards. The moving device 9 can be, for example, a lifting cylinder, in particular an electric lifting cylinder or electric-hydraulic lifting cylinder, or a linear unit with a coil.

[0208] The mixer 8 has a plurality of sections 8a, 8b, 8c along the central axis 10 of the mixing tube 8 or along the axis of symmetry of the central piece 12, wherein at least two of the sections 8a, 8b, 8c have different outer diameters from one another. The (maximum) extent of the mixer 8 in a plane which comprises the radial direction of the mixing tube 2 can be seen as the outer diameter of the mixer 8, wherein the mixing elements 13 are taken into account for the extent of the mixer 8.

[0209] As shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, the mixer 8 has an outer diameter in a first section 8a which is greater than the outer diameter in a second section 8b. The first section 8a is arranged closer to the first end 3 than the second section 8b along the central axis 10 of the mixing tube 2.

[0210] As shown in FIG. 2, the mixer further comprises a third section 8c which is arranged closer to the second end 4 of the mixing tube 2 than the second section 8b of the mixer along the central axis 10 of the mixing tube 2. The third section 8c has a larger outer diameter than the first section 8a and the second section 8b. The different outer diameters can be achieved in a simple manner by the mixing elements 13 extending differently far in the radial direction.

[0211] The movement of the mixer 8 is described with reference to FIGS. 3A to 5B. FIGS. 3B to 5A show schematic cross-sectional views of the second end 3 of the mixing tube 2 and the mixer 8 in different positions of an application device of different embodiments of the disclosure.

[0212] The mixer 8 can be moved along the mixing tube 2 between a first position and a second position. The second position can be located along the mixing tube 2 closer to the second end 3 than the first position. On the other hand, the first position can be located along the mixing tube 2 closer to the first end 3 than the second position.

[0213] According to a first embodiment, the mixer 8 for producing the multicomponent mixture and for discharging the multicomponent mixture from the mixing tube 2 can be located in the first position. For closing the second end 4 against an unwanted leakage or dripping of the multicomponent mixture from the mixing tube 2, the mixer 8 can be located in the second position. For example, FIGS. 1A, 1B and 2, as well as FIGS. 3A and 4A show the mixer 8 in the first position. In this position, a material flow 14 of the multicomponent mixture from the mixing tube 2 via the second end 4 is enabled.

[0214] The mixer 8 can be moved from the first position in the direction of the second end 4 of the mixing tube 2 into the second position. For example, FIGS. 3B and 4B show the mixer 8 in the first position. This movement has the effect that the mixing tube 2 is sealed against a material flow 14 of the injected components and/or of the multicomponent mixture from the second end 4.

[0215] The mixing tube 2 can comprise at least one sealing element 17. The sealing element 17 is arranged in the region of the second end 4. The mixer 8 can likewise comprise a sealing element 18. A movement of the mixer 8 towards the second end 4 into the second position has the effect that a sealing element 18 of the mixer 8 comes into contact with the sealing element 17 of the mixing tube 2 and the mixing tube 2 is thereby sealed.

[0216] As shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B, the sealing element 17 is configured as a conical seat. Here, the sealing element 17 is formed by the second end 4 itself. An end 11 of the mixer 8 forms the sealing element 18, which is configured conically or as a truncated cone on its outer side. According to embodiments not shown, the mixer 8 can have a needle-shaped or pointed end 11. The second end 4 of the mixing tube 2 and the end 11 of the mixer 8 thus form a needle valve.

[0217] As shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B, the sealing element 17 is configured as a ring which extends from the inner side of the wall 19 of the mixing tube 2 in the radial direction towards the central axis 10. The sealing element 24 of the mixer 8 is likewise configured as a ring which extends in the radial direction of the mixer 8 from a lateral surface of the central piece 12. In the radial direction, the sealing element 18 overlaps with the sealing element 17.

[0218] The embodiment of the application device shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B is constructed similarly to that in FIGS. 4A and 4B, with the following difference: the position of the sealing element 17 and of the sealing element 18 with respect to the second end 4 of the mixing tube 2 is reversed. Thus, the mixer 8 for producing the multicomponent mixture and for discharging the multicomponent mixture from the mixing tube 2 is located in the second position. For closing the second end 4 against an unwanted leakage of the multicomponent mixture from the mixing tube 2, the mixer 8 is located in the first position. For example, FIG. 5B shows the mixer 8 in the second position. In this position, a material flow 14 of the multicomponent mixture from the mixing tube 2 via the second end 4 is enabled.

[0219] The mixer 8 can be moved from the second position into the first position. For example, FIG. 5A shows the mixer 8 in the first position. This movement has the effect that the mixing tube 2 is sealed against a material flow 14 of the injected components and/or of the multicomponent mixture from the second end 4.

[0220] FIG. 6 shows a schematic view of a mixing section of embodiments of the disclosure.

[0221] As explained with reference to the preceding figures, the injection units 7a, 7b, 7c, 7d inject the corresponding components into the mixing space 5 via corresponding injection points 20a, 20b, 20c, 20c, 20d. Along the mixing space 5, the mixer 8 mixes the corresponding components starting from the first end 3 of the mixing tube 2 towards the second end 4 of the mixing tube 2 in the order in which they are injected into the mixing space 5. The mixing space 5 accordingly defines a mixing section 6 starting from the first end 3 of the mixing tube 2 towards the second end 4 of the mixing tube 2. The mixing section 6 thus serves for the logical or abstract description of the injection order of the components into the mixing space 5, independently of the detailed geometry of the mixing tube 2 and/or of the mixer 5.

[0222] The mixing section 6 can be regarded as an arrow or vector with the first end 3 as the origin and the second end 4 as the tip. The mixing section 6 can be regarded as a course of the central axis 10 of the mixing tube starting from the first end 3 towards the second end 4. If the respective injection points 20a, 20b, 20c, 20c, 20d are projected onto the central axis 10 of the mixing tube 2, corresponding positions Pa, Pb, Pc, Pc result along the mixing section 6, as illustrated in FIG. 6 for the embodiments of FIGS. 1A, 1B and 2.

[0223] If the injection points are located at different positions along the central axis 10, or at different heights on the wall 19 of the mixing tube, different positions result therefrom along the mixing section 6. This is the case, for example, for the injection points 20a, 20b, 20c, 20c or the positions Pa, Pb, Pc, Pc. If, however, the injection points are located at the same position along the central axis 10, or at the same height on the wall 19 of the mixing tube, the same position results therefrom along the mixing section 6. This is the case, for example, for the injection points 20c, 20d and the position Pc. As shown in FIG. 1A, the injection points can be located at the same height along the tube wall 19, but at different positions along the circumference of the tube wall 19.

[0224] FIG. 7 shows a device for material treatment 200 (also referred to as material treatment device herein). In FIG. 1, the material treatment device is denoted by the reference sign 200a, b, since a first device 200a and a second device 200b can be present. This is analogously valid for all elements of the material treatment device. A material treatment device 200 is described below, wherein the description can be valid for a first material treatment device 200a and for a second material treatment device 200b.

[0225] The material treatment device 200 comprises a material container 210 and a pumping device 220. The material container 210 is configured to treat a material M. The material M can be one of the first, third, fourth and fifth components. In order to treat the material M, the material container 210 can be heatable. For this purpose, the material container 210 can comprise a heating device (not shown in FIG. 1). The temperature in the material container 210 can be at least 10 C., preferably at least 30, above the ambient temperature of the material container 210. Alternatively or additionally, a pressure of less than 1.0 bar can prevail in the material container 210. In order to provide a negative pressure, the material container 210 can comprise a negative pressure unit. Alternatively or additionally, the material container 210 can be configured to stir or move or degas the material M. For this purpose, the material container 210 can comprise an agitator 11. The agitator 11 can be moved or driven by a drive 215.

[0226] The material M can be a liquid (at 20 C. and 1 bar). The material M can be a suspension. The material M can comprise a monomer for the polymerization of polyurethane. In particular, the material comprises a polyol or a polyisocyanate.

[0227] The material M can be stored by the material container 210 and pretreated in the material container 210. For example, the material M can be degassed in the material container 210 or can be set to a defined physical and/or chemical state. As a result, the material can be metered accurately and reproducibly.

[0228] The pumping device 220 can be arranged downstream of the material container 210. The material M can flow directly or via additional elements, e.g. fluid conducting elements such as tubes or channels, into an inlet 221 of the pumping device 220. A pressure of less than 1.0 bar can prevail at the inlet 221 of the pumping device 220. In other words, the material M can have a vacuum at the inlet 221 of the pumping device 220.

[0229] The pressure of the material M can be increased by the pumping device 220. In particular, the pressure can be increased from the inlet 221 of the pumping device 220 to an outlet 22 of the pumping device 220, for example by at least 20 bar, at least 60 bar, at least 200 bar or even at least 300 bar. The material M can be present at the outlet 222 of the pumping device 220 with a pressure of at least 20 bar, at least 60 bar, at least 200 bar or even at least 300 bar.

[0230] The pumping device 220 can be a high-pressure pump. The pumping device 220 can be a piston pump. In particular, the pumping device 220 is a high-pressure piston pump.

[0231] A volume flow of the material (at the outlet 222 of the pumping device 220) can be regulated or controlled by the pumping device 220.

[0232] The material treatment device 200 can comprise a drive 225 for the pumping device 220. The drive 225 can be a servo-hydraulic drive. The volume flow and/or mass flow of the material M can be regulated or controlled by the drive 225.

[0233] The pumping device 220 can be electrically controllable or regulatable.

[0234] Material M can be treated in the material container 210 in the material treatment device 200 and introduced into the pumping device 220. The pressure of the material M can be increased in the pumping device 220, so that the material can be discharged at the outlet 222 of the pumping device 220 with a pressure of at least 15 bar.

[0235] The material treatment device 200 can be coupled to a control unit 207 or comprise the control unit 207. The control unit 207 can be coupled to the device by wire or wirelessly. The control unit 207 can be configured to control or regulate the material container 210 and/or the pumping device 220. In particular, the control unit 207 is configured to control or regulate the drive 215 of the agitator 211 and/or the drive 225 of the pumping device 220. The control unit can be the control unit 107 of FIG. 7.

[0236] FIG. 8 shows a detailed view of the material container 210. Material M is contained or stored in the material container 210. The material M is treated in the material container 210. For example, a vacuum or a negative pressure for the material M can be provided by the material container 210. Alternatively or additionally, the material M can be heated in the material container 210. Alternatively or additionally, the material M can be stirred or moved in the material container 210, in particular by the agitator 211.

[0237] FIG. 9 shows a schematic view of an application system for mixing a plurality of components for producing a multicomponent mixture and for introducing or applying the multicomponent mixture into or onto an article of embodiments of the disclosure.

[0238] The application system 100 comprises an application device 1 of embodiments of the disclosure, for example the application device 1 of FIG. 1A.

[0239] Furthermore, the application system 100 can comprise at least one first material treatment device 200a. The material treatment device 200a is configured to provide a material flow of the first component. Furthermore, the application system 100 can comprise a second material treatment device 200b. The second material treatment device 200b is configured to provide a material flow of the third component.

[0240] The material treatment device 200a can comprise a first material container 210a and a first pumping device 220a. The first material container 210a can be configured to treat the first component (corresponds to material Ma in FIG. 8). The first pumping device 220a can have a first inlet 221a and a first outlet 222a. The first inlet 221a of the first pumping device 220a can be connected to the first material container 210a in a fluid-communicating manner, so that the first material Ma can be introduced from the first material container 210a into the first pumping device 20a. The first pumping device 220a can be configured to provide the first material Ma at the first outlet 222a of the first pumping device 220a with a pressure of at least 15 bar.

[0241] The application system 100 can comprise a second material treatment device 200b. The second material treatment device 200b can comprise a second material container 210b and a second pumping device 220b. The second material container 210b can be configured to treat the third component (corresponds to material Mb in FIG. 8). The second pumping device 220b can have a second inlet 221b and a second outlet 222b. The second inlet 221b of the second pumping device 220b can be connected to the second material container 210b in a fluid-communicating manner, so that the second material Mb can be introduced from the second material container 210b into the second pumping device 220b. The second pumping device 220b can be configured to provide the second material Mb at the second outlet 222b of the second pumping device 220b with a pressure of at least 15 bar.

[0242] The application device 1 can be connected to the first outlet 222a and the second outlet 222b in a fluid-communicating manner, so that the first component and the third component can be introduced into the application device 1.

[0243] Furthermore, the application system 100 comprises a first metering device 101, configured to receive the material flow of the first component from the material treatment device 200a, to set a mass flow and/or volume flow of this component and to provide the material flow to the first injection unit 7a of the application device 1.

[0244] In addition, the application system 100 comprises a second metering device 102, configured to receive a material flow of the second component, to set a mass flow and/or volume flow of the second component and to provide the material flow to the second injection unit 7b of the application device 1. For example, the second component is gas or a gas mixture, for example air, and the material flow is a gas flow or air flow.

[0245] Furthermore, the application system comprises a third metering device 103, configured to receive the material flow of the third component from the second material treatment device 200b, to set a volume flow of these components and to provide the material flow to the third injection unit 7c of the application device 1.

[0246] The first metering device 101 and the third metering device 103 can preferably be contained in a metering device 112 or form the metering device 112. The first metering device 101 and the third metering device 103 can be constructed identically or have identical functions. The metering device 112 can be, for example, a tandem meterer DPL 2001 2KT from Scheugenpflug.

[0247] Each of the metering devices can also be configured to set a volume flow of the corresponding components. According to embodiments not shown, the application system 100 can comprise further corresponding devices for material treatment and metering devices for further components, such as a fourth and/or fifth component.

[0248] The second metering device 102 comprises a measuring unit 104, for example an air mass sensor or an air quantity sensor. The second metering device 102 further comprises an actuator 105, in particular an air valve, for example a proportional air valve. The measuring unit 104 is configured to receive the air flow from an air supply device 106 of the application system 100 or from an external air supply device 106 and to measure a mass flow and/or a volume flow of the air flow and to provide the air flow to the actuator 105. The actuator 105 is configured to receive the air flow from the measuring unit 104, to set the mass flow and/or the volume flow of the air flow and to provide the air flow to the second injection unit 7b. A variable volume flow and/or mass flow of the air flow can be provided with a proportional air valve.

[0249] The air supply device 106 can be, for example, an air pump. The air supply device 106 is configured to provide the air flow with a predefined pressure.

[0250] The application system 100 furthermore comprises a first line 110 between the air supply device 106 and the second metering device 102 and a second line 111 between the second metering device 102 and the second injection unit 7a. The lines 110, 111 can be, for example, hoses. The lines 110, 111 serve to conduct the air flow between the air supply device 106, the second metering device 102 and the second injection unit 7a. The second component thus flows in a material flow direction from the air supply device 106 to the metering device 102 to the injection unit 7b.

[0251] The application system 100 furthermore comprises measuring units for measuring a pressure. The application system 100 comprises a first line pressure sensor (not shown) which is configured to measure an air pressure in the first line 110. The application system 100 furthermore comprises a second line pressure sensor (not shown) configured to measure an air pressure in the second line 111.

[0252] The application system 100 furthermore comprises corresponding fluid conducting elements or lines for conveying the first component from the first material treatment device to the first metering device 101 and to the first injection unit 7a and also lines for conveying the second component from the second material treatment device 200b to the third metering device 103 and to the third injection unit 7b. The first component thus flows in a material flow direction from the first material treatment device 200a to the metering device 101 and subsequently to the injection unit 7a. In addition, the third component flows in a material flow direction from the second material treatment device 200b to the metering device 103 and subsequently to the injection unit 7b.

[0253] The first material treatment device 200a, the first metering device 101 and the first injection unit 7a are connected to one another in a fluid-communicating manner. The second material treatment device 200b, the third metering device 103 and the third injection unit 7c are connected to one another in a fluid-communicating manner. The air supply device 106, the second metering device 102 and the second injection unit 7b are connected to one another in a fluid-communicating manner.

[0254] The lines and the material flow of the first component, the second component and the third component are illustrated in FIG. 9 by means of solid arrows.

[0255] The application system 100 is configured to mix the first component and the third component with air only in the mixing chamber 5 of the application device 1. The application system 100 mixes neither the first component nor the third component with air beforehand. In particular, the application system does not mix the first component or the third component with air already in the corresponding material treatment device 200a, 200b or upstream of the corresponding metering device 101, 103. The first component is thus not mixed with air upstream of or in the injection unit 7a in a material flow direction from the first material treatment device 200a to the metering device 101 to the injection unit 7a. Correspondingly, the third component is not mixed with air upstream of the injection unit 7b in a material flow direction from the material treatment device 200b to the metering device 103 to the injection unit 7b. The first component and the third component are thus not mixed with gas or air upstream of the application device 1 and not upstream of the corresponding injection units 7a, 7b.

[0256] The application system is thus configured not to mix the first component with air upstream of the first metering device 101 and upstream of the first injection unit 7a in a material flow direction of the first component. The application system is configured not to mix the third component with air upstream of the third metering device 103 and upstream of the third injection unit 7b in a material flow direction of the third component. The first component and the third component are thus injected into the mixing space 5 in an air-free or gas-free state.

[0257] The application system furthermore comprises a control unit 107. The control unit 107 comprises, for example, a computing unit, in particular a microprocessor. The control unit 107 is configured to control and/or regulate an operation of the application system 100. For this purpose, the control unit 107 is configured to receive measured values or measurement signals from measuring units of the application system, for example the measuring unit 104, the first to third pressure sensors for the mixing space 5 and the line pressure sensors. In addition, the control unit 107 is configured to actuate the metering devices 101, 102, 103, the injection units 7a, 7b, 7c, the actuator 105, the air supply device 106, the material treatment devices 200a, 200b. The receiving of measured values and the actuating of the respective units is illustrated in FIG. 9 by dashed single and double arrows.

[0258] The system 100 can also be referred to as a system for applying a mixture, in particular for the polymerization of polyurethane.

[0259] The control unit 107 is configured to carry out a control step of a method of embodiments of the disclosure.

[0260] FIG. 10 shows a flow diagram of a method for mixing a plurality of components for producing a multicomponent mixture and for introducing or applying the multicomponent mixture into or onto an article of embodiments of the disclosure. The method can be carried out by means of an application device or an application system of embodiments of the disclosure, for example the application device of FIG. 1A and the application system of FIG. 9. The method comprises the following steps. The steps are carried out at the same time.

[0261] A first component is injected by means of a first injection unit into a mixing space 5 of a mixing tube with a first end and a second end, S1. Here, the mixing space defines a mixing section. The first component is injected into the mixing space at a first injection point. The first component is thus injected into the mixing space at a first position corresponding to this first injection point along the mixing section.

[0262] A second component, for example gas or a gas mixture, in particular air, is injected into the mixing space by means of a second injection unit, S2. The second component is injected into the mixing space at a second injection point. The second component is injected into the mixing space at a corresponding second position along the mixing section. Here, the second position is arranged behind the first position along the mixing section.

[0263] The method comprises injecting, S4, a third component into the mixing space by means of a third injection unit. The third component is injected into the mixing space at a third injection point. The third component is injected into the mixing space at a corresponding third position along the mixing section. Here, the third position is arranged behind the second position P along the mixing section.

[0264] The method comprises mixing the first to third components along the mixing tube based on the order in which the components have been injected along the mixing section. Mixing takes place by means of a mixer arranged in the mixing space. Mixing comprises mixing, S3, the first component with the second component. The method comprises mixing, S5, the mixture of the first component and the second component with the third component for producing the multicomponent mixture comprising the first, second and third components.

[0265] The method furthermore comprises discharging, S6, the multicomponent mixture from the mixing tube through the second end. Furthermore, the method comprises applying the multicomponent mixture to the article.

[0266] FIG. 11 shows a flow diagram of a method for mixing a plurality of components for producing a multicomponent mixture and for introducing or applying the multicomponent mixture into or onto an article of further embodiments of the disclosure. The method can be carried out by means of an application system of embodiments of the disclosure, for example the application system of FIG. 9. The method comprises the following steps. The steps are carried out at the same time.

[0267] A material flow of a first component is provided to a first metering device by means of a first device for material treatment, S11. A mass flow and/or volume flow of the first component is set by means of the first metering device, S12, and the material flow is provided to a first injection unit, S13.

[0268] An air flow is provided to a second metering device by means of an air supply device, S21. A mass flow and/or volume flow of the air flow is set by means of the second metering device, S22, and the air flow is provided to a second injection unit, S23.

[0269] A material flow of a third component is provided to a third metering device by means of a second device for material treatment, S31. A mass flow and/or volume flow of the third component is set by means of the third metering device, S32, and the material flow is provided to a third injection unit of the application device, S33.

[0270] The method of FIG. 11 furthermore comprises the method with the steps S1-S6 of FIG. 10.

[0271] The method furthermore comprises a control, S7, by means of a control unit.

[0272] The control can comprise actuating a rotating device for the mixer and/or the first metering device and/or the second metering device, in particular a measuring unit and an actuator, and/or the third metering device and/or the air supply device.

[0273] The control can comprise controlling an air pressure, in particular in a line for conducting the air flow and/or at the second injection point for the air, in such a way that the second component is injected into the mixing space at a greater pressure than the first component and/or than the third component, or that the air pressure is greater than a pressure in the mixing space. Preferably, the difference can be 1 bar or more. The air pressure can be effected, for example, by adjusting an air pressure by means of the air supply device and/or by means of the actuator of the second metering device.

[0274] The control can furthermore comprise controlling the ratio of the mass flow of the air flow to the mass flow of the first component and/or controlling or setting the ratio of the mass flow of the air flow to the mass flow of the third component. Here, these can preferably be the mass flows of the material flows of the components which are injected into the mixing chamber.

[0275] A setpoint value for the ratio can be predefined by the control unit or by an external system or a user of the application device. The setpoint value can be predefined by a mathematical function. As a result, it is ensured that the same amount of air is always added to the material of the first component and to the material of the third component. In other words, it is ensured that the same predefined amount of air is always added to the PU foam. The ratio can be effected, for example, by: adjusting the mass flow of the first component by means of the first metering device and/or adjusting the mass flow of the third component by means of the third metering device and/or adjusting the mass flow and/or volume flow of the air by means of the second metering device, and/or adjusting the rotational speed of the mixer by means of a rotating device of the mixer, and/or adjusting an air pressure by means of the air supply device.

[0276] FIG. 12 shows a diagram for illustrating a control step of a method for mixing a plurality of components for producing a multicomponent mixture and for introducing or applying the multicomponent mixture into or onto an article of embodiments of the disclosure.

[0277] An air quantity meter as measuring unit measures an amount or a mass flow of the air injected into the mixer. In addition, a pressure in the mixing chamber is measured via a pressure sensor. Signal processing is carried out on this basis, for example by means of the control unit. On the basis of the signal processing, actual values for the air-to-material ratio, an actual value for a position controller of the first metering device for the first component and/or a position controller of the third metering device for the third component, an actual value for the rotational speed of the mixer, and an actual value for a PWM control of the inlet valve of the second injection unit for the air flow are predefined. In addition, a setpoint value for the proportional valve of the second metering device for the air flow is predefined on the basis of the signal processing. The proportional valve may be analogous.

[0278] The air-to-material ratio describes, for example, a ratio of the injected amount of air or of an injected mass flow of the air to the injected amount of the first component (A in FIG. 12) or to the injected mass flow of the first component into the mixing chamber.

[0279] A setpoint value for the position controllers of the first or third metering device results from the setpoint value for the air-to-material ratio. A setpoint value for the rotational speed of the mixer furthermore results from the setpoint value for the air-to-material ratio. A setpoint value for the actuation of the inlet valve furthermore results from the setpoint value for the air-to-material ratio.

[0280] The position of the first or third metering device is controlled on the basis of the setpoint value and the actual value for the air-to-material ratio. The position can describe, for example, an opening angle of a metering unit of the metering device. However, the position can also be set as a function of a desired amount or a desired material flow of the PU foam.

[0281] The rotational speed of the mixer is controlled on the basis of the setpoint value and the actual value for the rotational speed. For example, the rotational speed is controlled proportionally to a difference between the setpoint value and the actual value.

[0282] Furthermore, the inlet valve is actuated on the basis of the setpoint value and the actual value for the PWM control of the inlet valve.

[0283] In addition, the proportional valve is actuated.

[0284] The air supply is controlled proportionally to the material flow and the mixer rotational speed, so that it is ensured that the same amount of air is always added to the material. The amount of air is determined via the proportional valve. An air quantity meter is used as measuring instrument. The air pressure supplied should always be at least 1 bar greater than the pressure in the mixing chamber. It can thus be prevented that the material of the first component or material of the third components flows into the injection unit and/or the lines for the air flow and clogs or contaminates them. According to embodiments, the amount of air is controlled via the air quantity meter. The proportional valve controls the air pressure.

REFERENCE NUMERAL LIST

[0285] 1 Application device [0286] 2 Mixing tube [0287] 2a, 2b, 2c Sections of the Mixing tube [0288] 2d, 2e Transition Sections of the Mixing tube [0289] 3 First end of the Mixing tube [0290] 4 Second end of the Mixing tube [0291] 5 Mixing space [0292] 6 Mixing section [0293] 7a, 7b, 7c Injection units [0294] 8 Mixer [0295] 8a, 8b, 8c Sections of the Mixer [0296] 9 Moving device [0297] 10 Central axis of the Mixing Tube [0298] 11 End of the Mixer [0299] 12 Central Piece of the Mixer [0300] 13 Mixing Elements of the Mixer [0301] 14 Material Flow [0302] 15 Rotating Device [0303] 16 Mixing Elements of the Application Device [0304] 17 Sealing Element of the Mixing Pipe [0305] 18 Sealing Element of the Mixer [0306] 19 Wall of the Mixing Pipe [0307] 20, 20b, 20c, 20c, 20d Injection Points [0308] 100 Application System [0309] 101 First Dosing Device [0310] 102 Second Dosing Device [0311] 103 Third Dosing Device [0312] 104 Measuring Unit [0313] 105 Actuator [0314] 106 Air Supply Device [0315] 107 Control Unit [0316] 110 First Line [0317] 111 Second Line [0318] 112 Metering Device [0319] 200a,b Device for Material Treatment [0320] 207 Control Device [0321] 210a,b Material Container [0322] 211a,b Agitator [0323] 215a,b Drive [0324] 220a,b Pumping device [0325] 221a,b Inlet [0326] 222a,b Outlet [0327] 225a,b Drive