UV LED RADIATION SOURCES FOR USE IN PHOTOPOLYMER EXPOSURE

Abstract

A source of actinic radiation for curing printing plates. The source includes a base with a heat sink and has a length greater than its width. One or more circuit boards, mounted on a planar mounting surface of the base disposed parallel to the target illumination plane, collectively provide a plurality of light emitting diodes (LEDs) having an ultraviolet center emission wavelength distributed over the length of the mounting surface. A transparent or translucent cover together with the base defines an enclosure for the plurality of LEDs. The heat sink has a heat transfer surface area defined by a plurality of projections with indentations therebetween. The source may be configured to replace a fluorescent bulb.

Claims

1. A radiation source comprising: a base having a width and a length along an axis, the length greater than the width, the base comprising a front portion facing a target illumination plane and an underside portion facing away from the target illumination plane, the front portion comprising a singular rectangular planar mounting surface disposed parallel to the target illumination plane and having a length and a width facing the target illumination plane, the underside portion comprising a metal heat sink; one or more circuit boards mounted on the mounting surface of the base, the one or more circuit boards collectively comprising a plurality of light emitting diodes (LEDs) all facing the target illumination plane and having an ultraviolet center emission wavelength, the plurality of LEDs distributed over the length of the base and connected in series; a plurality of radiation source electrical connectors configured to interface with a second set of electrical connectors in communication with a source of power; and one or more first controllers disposed in the radiation source for regulating power delivered to the plurality of LEDs, each first controller configured to maintain a desired current through the plurality of LEDs; a cover transparent or translucent to the actinic radiation and mounted on the base, the cover together with the base defining an enclosure for the plurality of LEDs.

2. The radiation source of claim 1, wherein the base comprises a planar cover mounting area for receiving a corresponding surface of the cover, wherein the planar cover mounting area is parallel to the target illumination plane.

3. The radiation source of claim 1, wherein the base and the cover have an interface comprising one or more positive or negative features of the cover configured to mate with one or more mating features in the base.

4. The radiation source of claim 1, wherein cover comprises one or more prismatic and/or refractive structures.

5. The radiation source of claim 1, wherein the cover has a semi-cylindrical geometry.

6. The radiation source of claim 5, wherein the base has a groove configured to receive a radially-inward extending lip of the cover.

7. The radiation source of claim 6, wherein the groove and corresponding lip extend a full length of the radiation source.

8. The radiation source of claim 7, wherein the base and the cover have a common width at an interface where the cover mounts to the base.

9. The radiation source of claim 1, wherein the metal heat sink comprises aluminum.

10. The radiation source of claim 9, wherein the metal heat sink defines a plurality of projections with indentations therebetween, including, when viewed in cross section, at least a first projection having a first radial center line that defines a first acute angle relative to a line perpendicular to the planar mounting surface, and at least a second projection having a second radial center line that defines a second acute angle relative to the line perpendicular to the planar mounting surface.

11. The radiation source of claim 10, wherein the first acute angle measured clockwise from the line perpendicular to the planar mounting surface and the second acute angle measured counterclockwise from to the line perpendicular to the planar mounting surface have a same absolute value.

12. The radiation source of claim 11, further comprising at least a third projection having a radial center line coincident with the line perpendicular to the planar mounting surface.

13. The radiation source of claim 12, wherein the heat sink defines a plurality of fins spaced apart from one another with radial edges that define a semi-cylindrical geometry having a semi-circular cross-section.

14. The radiation source of claim 13, wherein the plurality of projections with indentations therebetween define a plurality of fins extending along respective radii emanating from a common center point disposed above the base.

15. The radiation source of claim 1, wherein the radiation source is configured to replace a fluorescent bulb, and the width of the rectangular planar mounting surface is greater than a diameter of the fluorescent bulb tube.

16. The radiation source of claim 1, wherein the radiation source is configured to replace a fluorescent bulb having a specified length and a set of fluorescent bulb electrical connectors having a first configuration for mounting in respective sockets housing the second electrical connectors, the source having said specified length and the plurality of radiation source electrical connectors having said first configuration.

17. The radiation source of claim 1, wherein the plurality of radiation source electrical connectors comprises at least one pair of pins having a predetermined geometry and spacing from one another.

18. The radiation source of claim 1, wherein the plurality of radiation source electrical connectors comprise two sets of radiation source electrical connectors, one set disposed at each end of the radiation source and spaced apart from one another by a specified length, each set having a same configuration.

19. The radiation source of claim 18, wherein the same configuration comprises a pair of pins having a predetermined geometry and spacing from one another.

20. The radiation source of claim 1, wherein one or more first controllers is configured to receive a control signal from a remote controller for operating the one or more first controllers.

21. The radiation source of claim 20, wherein the control signal is operative to cause the one or more first controllers to adjust output intensity of the source.

22. The exposure system of claim 1, wherein all of the plurality of LEDs in the radiation source are operable to emit a common center emission wavelength.

23. The exposure system of claim 22, wherein the common center emission wavelength is between 360 nm-420 nm.

24. The radiation source of claim 1, wherein the radiation source has at least one non-luminescent longitudinal region adjacent at least one end.

25. The radiation source of claim 24, wherein at least one of the one or more first controllers is disposed within the enclosure in the non-luminescent longitudinal region.

26. A radiation source comprising: a base having a width and a length along an axis, the length greater than the width, the base comprising a front portion facing a target illumination plane and an underside portion facing away from the target illumination plane, the front portion comprising a singular rectangular planar mounting surface disposed parallel to the target illumination plane and having a length and a width facing the target illumination plane, the underside portion comprising an aluminum heat sink, the heat sink having a heat transfer surface area defined by a plurality of projections with indentations therebetween; one or more circuit boards mounted on the mounting surface of the base, the one or more circuit boards collectively comprising a plurality of light emitting diodes (LEDs) all facing the target illumination plane and having a common ultraviolet center emission wavelength between 360 nm-420 nm, the plurality of LEDs distributed over the length of the base; a plurality of radiation source electrical connectors configured to interface with a second set of electrical connectors in communication with a source of power, the electrical connectors defining at least one pair of pins having a predetermined geometry and spacing from one another; and one or more first controllers disposed in the radiation source for regulating power delivered to the plurality of LEDs, each first controller configured to maintain a desired current through the plurality of LEDS; a cover transparent or translucent to the actinic radiation and mounted on the base, the cover together with the base defining an enclosure for the plurality of LEDs, the cover having a semi-cylindrical geometry.

27. The radiation source of claim 26, wherein the plurality of LEDs are connected in series.

28. The radiation source of claim 27, wherein the base has a groove configured to receive a radially-inward extending lip of the cover, the groove and corresponding lip extending a full length of the radiation source, and the base and the cover having a common width at an interface where the cover mounts to the base.

29. The radiation source of claim 28, wherein the enclosure has at least one non-luminescent longitudinal region adjacent at least one end, and at least one of the one or more first controllers is disposed within the enclosure in the non-luminescent longitudinal region.

30. The radiation source of claim 26, wherein the plurality of LEDs are distributed over the length of the base in an array that includes a plurality of LEDS distributed across the length and the width of the rectangular mounting surface.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram showing an exemplary source of the present invention juxtaposed relative to a portion of an exemplary plate positioned on an illumination plane for exposure radiation from the source.

[0019] FIG. 2 is a perspective schematic diagram of an exemplary finned heat sink design with an angled mounting surface for the LEDs.

[0020] FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of an exemplary source with LEDs mounted on an angled mounting surface juxtaposed relative to a portion of an exemplary plate positioned on an illumination plane for exposure radiation from the source.

[0021] FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of an exemplary source having a relatively wide rectangular array of LEDs juxtaposed relative to a portion of an exemplary plate positioned on an illumination plane for exposure radiation from the source.

[0022] FIG. 5A is a schematic plan view of an exemplary cover embodying a plurality of cylindrical Fresnel lenses.

[0023] FIG. 5B is a perspective view of the cover of FIG. 5A.

[0024] FIGS. 5C-5H illustrate schematic plan views of exemplary interfaces between cover and base structures.

[0025] FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary control system for controlling exemplary systems incorporating the sources as described herein.

[0026] FIG. 7 is a schematic perspective diagram of a rectangular array of LEDs with reflective side walls surrounding the array.

[0027] FIG. 8 is a schematic plan view of an exemplary fluorescent bulb of the prior art.

[0028] FIG. 9 is a schematic front view of an exemplary bank exposure system having a plurality of exemplary sources mounted therein, including a magnified portion showing an exemplary interface between the source and the system components.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0029] Aspects of this application relate to apparatus and methods for using LEDS instead of fluorescent tubes in bank light tables for exposing photopolymer printing plates to actinic UV radiation. In the simplest way, this can be established by providing housings that contain semiconductor LEDs and are electrically and mechanically compatible with existing fluorescent tubes, including LED-based actinic radiation sources suitable for use as replacements for existing fluorescent tubes in bank light tables. Arrays of LED light sources that cover the entire printing plate surface do not require relative motion to irradiate the entire front or back plate surface. Cooling requirements are less demanding when the heat created by the LED light sources is spread over a wide area approximately the size of the plate, instead of being concentrated on a smaller relatively linear area with high intensity to minimize travel time to reach full exposure.

[0030] One aspect of the invention comprises a UV LED Light source that covers the complete surface of a photopolymer printing plate with fluorescent tube replacements equipped with UV LEDs, and methods for retrofitting bank light exposure units by replacing all the fluorescent tubes in a bank light exposure unit by replacement tubes as described herein. While LED replacements for fluorescent tubes are known for lighting applications, photopolymer plate exposure may impart different demands and provide opportunities to use different structures.

[0031] A simple embodiment is shown in FIG. 1, which shows a cross section of an exemplary LED radiation exposure source embodiment in accordance with one aspect of the invention. LED chips 101 are located on a circuit board 102 that extends along the length of the source. The circuit board is preferably mounted on a base 103 that includes a heat sink, such as made of metal, preferably aluminum. The LEDs are preferably connected in series and the opposite ends of the source have connectors configured to permit each source to be installed in a socket configured to receive a fluorescent tube. Thus, an array of sources so constructed may be mounted inside a bank light table and supplied with electrical power. The light emitting side of the source is covered by a UV-transmissive cover 104, which keeps dust and solvents away from the sensitive output windows of the UV LEDs. Suitable materials of construction for cover 104 include plastics such as polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) (also known as acrylic, acrylic glass, or plexiglass), such as but not limited to Plexiglas acrylic, made by Arkema France and PMMA made by Evonik, of Essen, Germany, or its successors in interest. As shown in FIG. 1, the cover has a semi-cylindrical shape that connects to a planar upper surface of base facing the illumination plane. The cover may be attached to the base in any way known in the art, including but not limited to with an adhesive, such as, for example, a UV-curable adhesive.

[0032] While FIG. 1 depicts the heat sink of base 103 schematically, it should be understood that the heat sink may have any geometry suitable for providing a desired degree of heat transfer in use. FIG. 2 depicts an exemplary aluminium base 203 comprising a heat sink having a plurality of cooling fins 206a-i. Most bank light tables are equipped with fans that remove the waste heat from the rear side of the fluorescent tubes, meaning that the convective air current supplied by the fans may be particularly well suited for cooling a source having a heat sink comprising a plurality of fins. Although shown in a design comprising a semi-cylindrical distribution of fins emanating from a horizontal surface 207 of base 208 with each fin extending along a radius, the heat sink is not limited to any particular geometry. In one exemplary geometry, however, some or all of the radii may emanate from a common center point 210 that is spaced above the horizontal surface at an intersection of center lines of the fins (e.g. center lines 216c, 216e of respective fins 206c, 206e, as depicted). One or more of the fins, such as central fin 206e, may be relatively thicker than others 206b-d,f-h, and end fins 206a, 206i may attach to the horizontal surface 207 of the base on one side and have a gap separating them from adjacent fins 206b, 206h on the opposite side. Although shown with base 208 having a polygonal upper surface 209, as described further with respect to the embodiment discussed with reference to FIG. 3, upper surface may be flat, as depicted schematically for base 103 in FIG. 1. The upper surface of the base may include connection areas 220 on opposite sides for receiving the cover, each connection area defining a plane that is parallel to the target illumination plane.

[0033] One advantage of fluorescent tubes over LEDs is their wide light emission angle range. The fluorescing coating at the walls of fluorescent tubes emits photons into all directions making fluorescent tubes a nearly ideal area source, which is desirable when exposing photopolymer printing plates through a mask. LEDs are in the nature of point sources and thus less ideal from this perspective, as each LED emits radiation at a relatively narrow emission angle toward target illumination plane X (e.g. the top surface of a printing plate 110), as depicted in FIG. 1.

[0034] Certain measures may be employed to sufficiently overcome this flaw and broaden the angle distribution of the radiation, including but not limited to: [0035] using a relatively greater number of evenly distributed, relatively lower power LEDs, instead of a relatively lesser number of relatively higher power LEDs; [0036] arranging LEDs in groups of different tilting angles; [0037] using reflective optics, such as but not limited to a kaleidoscope, to convert point sources into area sources [0038] using transmissive optics, such as but not limited to Fresnel lenses or diffusor plates.

[0039] The number of LEDs per tube length is a parameter that may be used to characterize distribution of light along the length axis of the sources. A source rated to deliver 20 Watts of UV power may, for example, comprise 20 LEDs each having an output of 1 Watt arranged along the source length, or more preferably, 40 LEDs each having an output of 0.5 Watts, or even more preferably, 60 LEDs each having an output of 0.33 Watts.

[0040] FIG. 3 depicts an embodiment with LEDs 301a-c arranged on corresponding circuit boards 202a-c disposed on an upper surface of base 303 at angles relative to one another. Such a configuration improves the angle distribution in the illumination plane Y perpendicular to the length axis Z of the tube, with minimal to no impact on the angle distribution in planes parallel to or including the tube length axis (which planes are perpendicular to both plane Y and plane X on which the plate lies). Thus, while each source 301a-c still only has an emission angle , the three sources together create a total emission angle for the source of , which is greater than . The shape of the upper surface of the heat sink as depicted in FIG. 3 is semi-hexagonal, with three angled surfaces each offset at a reflex angle relative to one another (e.g. preferably at an angle in which =210-240 degrees, as depicted in FIG. 3). More than three surfaces angled relative to one another may be provided. Preferably, however, regardless of the number of surfaces, at least one of the surfaces is parallel to the target illumination plane. The connection areas 320 for receiving the opposite edges of the cover 304 are also preferably planar surfaces parallel to the target illumination plane X and configured to receive corresponding planar surfaces of cover 304. The interface between cover and base is not limited to any particular configuration, however. Thus, odd numbers of angled surfaces are preferable. The base is preferably configured so that all of the circuit boards lay flat on the corresponding surfaces of the base for maximum heat conduction through the heat sink. While base 303 is preferably configured so that the planes corresponding to circuit boards 302a and 302c intersect the plane corresponding to circuit board 302b at equal angles, may be greater than or less than in the range of 120-150 degrees in other embodiments. may be a multiple of that is equal to the number of surfaces, or some fraction thereof. is preferably less than 180 degrees, to increase the percentage of overall radiation emitted by the LEDs toward the printing plate.

[0041] FIG. 4 depicts an embodiment in which the base 403 and the circuit board 402 have widths W.sub.1 and W.sub.2, respectively, on the front facing side of the base greater than the original diameter of the fluorescent tube that the source is designed to replace. Cover 404 may be generally rectangular in nature, although not limited to any particular geometry. This configuration also includes the plurality of LEDs 401a-e configured in an array over a width that includes at least some LEDs (e.g. 401a, 401e) in locations in the gaps between the fluorescent tubes the sources replace. For comparison purposes, dimension D of the semi-circular underside portion 403s of the base where it connects to the rectangular portion 403r is depicted as approximately the same size as the original diameter of the fluorescent tube that it replaces. Dimension D may be a chord that is smaller than the actual diameter of the semi-circular portion and/or the original diameter of the fluorescent tube. The heat sink may have a semi-circular portion with a diameter smaller or larger than the original fluorescent tube. The geometry of the underside portion is not limited, however, and some embodiments may not have a semi-circular geometry at all. The extended width of the source may be designed such that adjacent sources replace adjacent tubes in a one-to-one ratio with little to no gap between the adjacent lateral edges of the adjacent sources, or each source may be designed to take the place of multiple fluorescent tubes (e.g. 1 LED source to 2 fluorescent tubes, 1 to 3, etc.). This configuration also has the effect of providing an emission angle from the source that is greater than the individual emission angle of each LED.

[0042] To improve the angle distribution in planes parallel to or containing the tube length axis, cover 104 shown in FIG. 1 may comprise prismatic or other refractive structures, such as a plurality of cylindrical Fresnel lenses, over the locations where LEDs are located. FIGS. 5A and 5B depict an exemplary portion of such a cover 500 having five cylindrical Fresnel lenses aligned over five LED linear positions represented by arrows 510a-e. As used herein, the term cylindrical Fresnel lens refers to a lens geometry having refractive force that condenses or diffuses light to or from a line (e.g. the axis along which the LED sources are distributed) as opposed to a spherical Fresnel lens that condenses or diffuses light to or from a point. Each LED linear position may represent more than one LED, such in the angled distribution of three LEDs depicted in FIG. 2. The structures in cover 500 may comprise prismatic structures that are not exactly in compliance with the mathematical precision of a Fresnel lens, but which still refract the UV radiation in a way that causes an angle distribution that is wider than without such structures. Thus, the prismatic, refractive structures in the lens cover are not limited to any particular geometry.

[0043] Notably, the cover 500 as depicted in FIG. 5B has planar surfaces 502 on opposite ends configured to interface with the planar mounting area 220, 320 as depicted in FIGS. 2 and 3. Thus, when assembled to a corresponding base, planar surfaces 502 are parallel to the target illumination plane. Planar surfaces on the ends of the cover may be present in any cover structure, such as any of those depicted in any of the other embodiments discussed herein. In alternative configurations, the cover may have one or more protrusions that interface with mating grooves or holes in the base. For example, in one alternative configuration, depicted in FIG. 5C, the base 550 may have a groove 551 configured to receive a lip 552 extending radially inward from the ends of the cover. The groove and corresponding lip may extend the full length of the source, or may be present in only select mating locations. The strength of the physical connection between the groove and the lip may be enhanced by the use of adhesive on the mating surfaces of the lip and groove. The geometry of the groove and lip may have any geometry known in the art and are not limited to those depicted. The interface between the cover and the base is not limited to any particular structure. Additional interfaces may be provided, such as the interfaces depicted in FIGS. 5D-5H, as non-limiting examples.

[0044] As depicted in FIG. 5D, base 560 may have one or more grooves or holes 561 into which prongs or tabs 562 protruding from cover 564 are inserted. These interfaces may be strengthened with adhesives. Although the width of the base and the cover are depicted as being substantially the same at the interface in FIG. 5D, base 590 may have a greater width than the cover 594 at the interface, such as is shown in FIG. 5G, wherein the prongs or tabs 592 comprise projections extending from the cover 594 at the same width or diameter as the cover and the base has corresponding grooves or holes 591 in the relatively larger landing area of base configured to receive corresponding prongs or tabs.

[0045] In another embodiment, clamps 576 (such as made from spring steel) may be disposed around portions of the cover 574 and extending below the base 570, as depicted in FIG. 5E. Such clamps may be preferably located where end caps 810 on the prior art bulbs are shown in FIG. 8, so that the any radiation blocked by the clamps is not required for curing exposure.

[0046] In still other configurations, such as depicted in FIG. 5F, the cover 584 may comprise a portion of a Plexiglas tube extending for more than 180 degrees in cross section, with rear openings in the tube 587 provided for cooling. The tube may have a first thickness in the front-facing portion of the tube and a lesser thickness in contact with the periphery of the base 580 such as to provide a lip 588 as depicted on the right side in FIG. 5F that interfaces with front facing surface 585, or the tube may have a protrusion 589 that contacts the front facing surface of the base. Although depicted with different structures on the right and left side in FIG. 5F, it should be understood that the drawing is for illustrative purposes only, and that the opposite sides of the cover and the base typically have the same structural features, although the structure may comprise a combination of change in wall thickness and protrusion and some embodiments may have different structures on one side versus another to facilitate assembly.

[0047] Although depicted as protrusions or other positive features on the cover that interface with holes, grooves, or other negative features in the base, embodiments in which the cover interfaces with positive features on the base may also be provided, such as is depicted in FIG. 5H, in which projections 597 from base 595 receive the edges of cover 596. The projections may extend the entire length of the cover and base, or may comprise a series of discrete protrusions. The cover may have a continuous edge of the same thickness throughout, or may have indentations or areas of relatively thinner and thicker wall thickness to mate with corresponding protrusions from the base. A layer of adhesive may be provided between the mating surfaces of the base and the cover.

[0048] Clamps and/or adhesive may be combined with any of the interfaces as described herein, and combinations of negative, positive, or neutral features of the cover that interface with corresponding mating features of base may be combined, including but not limited to any or all of the following as described herein. As used herein the term positive is intended to refer to a feature that protrudes from an edge or surface, the term negative is intended to refer to a feature that is indented relative to an edge or a surface, and neutral is intended to refer to a feature that is neither positive or negative, such as a feature that makes planar contact with a corresponding feature. A mating feature may comprise, for example, a positive feature, such as a prong 562, that fits in a negative feature, such as a hole 561, or a positive 589 or negative 588 feature (e.g. an area of reduced wall thickness), or combination thereof, that creates a lip, which receives a neutral surface (e.g. base front-facing surface 585). Although depicted with semi-cylindrical covers in FIGS. 5C-5H, it should be understood that any of the interfaces between the cover and the base may also be applicable to embodiments having other shapes, such as but not limited to the rectangular cover geometry depicted in FIG. 4.

[0049] Preferably the LEDs in each single source are selected from the same production batch such that the light output properties (and any other material characteristics) of those LEDs are sufficiently the same to obtain a constant UV output over an entire length of the source. Not all LEDs in all of the sources in one bank exposure unit can be produced from the same LED batch, thus it is may be desirable to have control electronics that maintain a desired current through the LEDs to compensate for different output intensities emitted from different LED batches per unit current. Using such control electronics, the total UV output of all tubes may be adjusted to a common level of intensity within a predetermined tolerance such that all locations on the plate are exposed to the same intensity levels of UV radiation within the desired tolerance.

[0050] Suitable control electronics for controlling LEDs and LED intensity are well known in the field of lighting technology, such as the use of pulse width modulation for obtaining acceptable linearity of UV output versus control signal. Remote control signals may be used for setting the output of the LED sources, such as to compensate for output power decay caused by aging. Control signals may be transmitted to individual power controllers located in each source, such as by means of Infrared (IR) or Radio Frequency (RF) signals. Remote control of the radiation intensity may also permit adjustment of radiation output according to application requirements, such as for exposing highly sensitive Polymer plates (e.g. DuPont EFX plates) in round top vs. flat top mode, as is known in the art. Adjusting radiation output according to application requirements may also include providing a first exposure with low intensity followed by a second exposure with higher intensity for complete curing of the printing plate. The first exposure may provide a first fraction of the required total curing, wherein the second exposure provides the remaining fraction of the required total curing, such that the first and second exposures together collectively provide the total amount of energy required to cure the plate.

[0051] To compensate for non-linearities in the electronics or the control curve for dimming LED sources, one or more photodetectors integrated in or placed on the support plane that holds the photopolymer plate during exposure may provide feedback to the UV output controller so that a precise amount of UV intensity is provided, within a predetermined tolerance. FIG. 6 schematically illustrates an exemplary such feedback loop, as well as a general schematic for controlling an exemplary LED source as described herein. Power supply 601 powers control electronics 602 that control the LEDs in each LED source 603. The individual LEDs in each source may be individually controllable, or more preferably, may be controllable as a unit. Photodetector 606 measures the radiation received at a location calibrated to represent that radiation received by the printing plate, a signal from the photodetector is then provided to a remote control transmitter 605 that sends a signal to remote control receiver 604 connected to the control electronics, which uses that feedback signal as an input for determining whether the current should be increased, decreased, or maintained without change. Control panel 607 may provide a desired intensity level instruction to the remote control transmitter, which may use such information as a feed forward signal to set an approximate current level that is then adjusted using feedback.

[0052] FIG. 9 depicts an exemplary radiation system 900 incorporating a plurality of sources 902, which sources may be any of the configurations as described herein for replacing a fluorescent tube. The system may, for example, be a pre-existing system designed for use with fluorescent bulbs, retrofitted with sources of the present invention, which source may optionally also include any of the additional controllers and sensors as described herein. The system may also be a newly designed system for use with the sources as described herein. The exemplary system comprises a lid 912 attached to a base 914, typically by a hinge 913 or other means for permitting the lid to move relative to the base for insertion of a printing plate (not shown) on the support surface 916 for receiving the plate. Support surface 916 is generally dimensioned to have a width and length at least the same size as (and preferably greater than by a predetermined margin) the largest printing plate for which the unit is rated to expose. The array of radiation sources are correspondingly configured to provide light over the full length and width of the plate for which the unit is rated to expose, and thus also preferably sized to provide the bank or flood of light across an area slightly larger than the largest plate size by a predetermined margin.

[0053] In the exemplary configuration shown, the lid, depicted in an open configuration, has mounted therein a first plurality of upper radiation sources 902, having a spacing S on-center relative to the axes of the sources. The number of upper radiation sources 902 shown is not intended to be representative of an actual number of sources or relative sizes of sources in a typical system, but is merely shown schematically for reference. Furthermore, as depicted, the width/diameter of the sources is depicted as to leave a gap G between adjacent sources. As discussed herein with respect to the embodiment depicted in FIG. 4, in embodiments in which the source replaces a fluorescent bulb having diameter D in which the dimension of gap G has a first value, the width of the source may be greater than D such that the dimension of gap G has a second, lesser value than the first value.

[0054] Each upper source is connected electrically and physically received in mounting units 910ul on the left and 910ur on the right side, as depicted. Each mounting unit is attached to a power supply and other controls collectively represented by block 918 mounted in base 914. As shown in the magnified portion of FIG. 9, each source 902 has end connectors 958 configured to be compatible with electrical sockets 954, which sockets may have been originally configured to receive the pins 812 of prior art tubes 800. Each socket is connected to electrical wiring connected to opposite poles 956, 957 of a power source. Each source 902 may have a local controller 952 for regulating the power to the LEDs 950. Although depicted as a box 952 located on one end of the tube, components of the controller may be disposed in both ends, or the controller may comprise components housed on the circuit boards to which the LEDs are mounted and may not be a discrete component as depicted. As is known in the art, however, the end caps 810 of fluorescent bulbs are typically metal and thus, non-luminescent, so the replacement tubes do not necessarily need to provide illumination in this region to replicate fluorescent tube performance. This makes this portion of the tube an ideal location for electronic components that may be required to control, power, or operate the LEDs in a desired manner. Controls for operating an LED source retrofitted within a system configured to receive fluorescent tubes, as well as any other modifications to the system for generally powering such LED sources, are generally known in the art, such as are described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,507,001. Although source 902 as depicted in the magnified portion has a configuration consistent with the embodiment depicted in FIG. 3, the source may have a design in conformance with any of the sources as described herein.

[0055] An exemplary control system may include one or more controllers collectively programmed with some or all the features depicted in FIG. 6 and described herein above. The location of the power supply and controls is not limited to placement in the base, and may be located elsewhere, including in a distributed arrangement in which some parts of the control system are mounted in the base, some in the lid, and some in the source, as described herein. The lines shown connecting block 918 denote electrical connections (which are wired connections) as well as control signal connections (which may be wired or wireless). As depicted, sources 902 in the lid may preferably be used for front side exposure of a plate mounted on support surface 916.

[0056] The support surface 916 in the base may optionally be transparent or translucent to the actinic radiation, and an additional optional bank of sources 902 may be mounted between lower left side socket 910ll and lower right side socket 910lr beneath the support surface, for providing back-side exposure. The control system may have a controller programmed to provide a combination of back side and front side exposure to the plate with a predetermined delay between front and back exposure, including in a plurality of fractional exposure cycles and/or including one or more back-side only exposure steps, as generally described in U.S. Published patent application Ser. No. 20180210345A1, titled PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR CONTROLLED EXPOSURE OF FLEXOGRAPHIC PRINTING PLATES AND ADJUSTING THE FLOOR THEREO, listing the common applicant of the instant application, incorporated herein by reference.

[0057] Thus, a user may expose a printing plate using the exemplary exposure system by placing the plate on the support surface, closing the lid, and activating the upper, and optional lower, sources for a desired amount of time, including in a desired pattern of exposure as described further below. The method of exposure may include controlling the intensity emitted by the LEDs using the control system as depicted in FIG. 6 for any of the reasons as discussed herein.

[0058] In other embodiments, the UV LEDs 701 may be arranged in a planar array, as depicted in FIG. 7, which array may be the same size or preferably at least slightly larger than the photopolymer printing plate to be irradiated. To maintain the irradiance at the edges of the LED array, the array may be surrounded by mirrored walls 702, such as is generally disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 8,578,854, incorporated by reference herein. As depicted, the mirrored walls are adapted for the size of a planar array. A kaleidoscope approach is also disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 8,578,854, owned by the common applicant of this application, and incorporated herein by reference. FIGS. 3-6 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,578,854 and the corresponding disclosure illustrate advantages to using an area source for the curing of printing dots in photopolymer plates. Area sources cure a wider support socket under the printing details at the plate top surface. Wider support sockets permit smaller printing details to take hold on the plate during the solvent washing process and also provide longer run time of the plates in the press before dots break off.

[0059] Although discussed herein primarily in the context of LEDs in the ultraviolet (UV) range of emission (e.g. having a center emission wavelength in the ultraviolet UV spectrum, preferably in a range of 320 nm to 420 nm, more preferably in a range of 360 nm to 420 nm), the radiation output of the LEDs is not limited to any particular wavelength, so long as it is actinic radiation with respect to the photopolymer plate sought to be cured. It should also be understood that although the rectangular array is depicted as a regular array of rows and columns in FIG. 7, the array of LEDs may have a staggered configuration from row to row or column to column. Furthermore, each source may include more than one species of LED, each species having a different common center emission wavelength, with respective species disposed adjacent to one another in a repeating sequence. For example, the LEDs may be distributed in patterns and/or have wavelength characteristics as described in PCT Application Ser. No. PCT/EP20/061556, filed Apr. 26, 2020, which claims priority from U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/839,171, filed Apr. 26, 2019, both titled APPARAUS AND METHOD FOR EXPOSING PRINTING PLATES USING LIGHT EMITTING DIODES, filed by the common Applicant of the present invention, incorporated herein by reference. Different species or distribution patterns of LEDs as described in the foregoing may be used in any of the embodiments depicted herein. Thus, for example, while only cross-sectional drawings have been provided for the embodiments depicted in FIGS. 1, 3 and 4, it should be understood that the LEDs are distributed along the length of each source, and such distribution may be in a regular rectangular array, or in any other spacing pattern found to have operative advantages, including but not limited to patterns of single or multiple species in accordance with any of the patterns disclosed in the foregoing 62/839,171 application.

[0060] Although discussed herein with reference to use of the sources as replacement for fluorescent bulbs and to retrofitting pre-existing bank light systems for exposing photopolymer plates with the sources as disclosed herein, it should be understood that the sources and systems for using them may comprise original equipment designed for any use, without limitation to retrofit applications.

[0061] Although the invention is illustrated and described herein with reference to specific embodiments, the invention is not intended to be limited to the details shown. Rather, various modifications may be made in the details within the scope and range of equivalents of the claims and without departing from the invention.