Refractive surface for blocking short- and medium-wavelength visible-spectrum radiation that affects human physiology

Abstract

The invention relates to a refractive surface for blocking short- and medium-wavelength visible-spectrum radiation that affects human physiology. The refractive surface selectively absorbs short wavelengths between 380 nm and 500 nm, between a maximum and a minimum absorption threshold, and selectively absorbs medium wavelengths between 500 nm and 590 nm, between a maximum and a minimum absorption threshold, the selective absorption of short and medium wavelengths between 380 nm and 590 nm not completely blocking the passage of visible light in this range. Other embodiments include an LED screen, a software product and an electronic device, and ophthalmic, intraocular or sunglass lenses.

Claims

1. An electronic device comprising: a display; a memory; a processor coupled to the memory and configured to: determine, by detection or an input of a user, at least one factor comprising: total time a user is exposed to the display during use of the electronic device, ambient lighting of a place where the user interacts with the display, or a time of day the display is operating; obtain, for each of the at least one factor, a maximum percent of reduction and a minimum percent of reduction for a light emission of the display within a light spectrum between 380 nm and 590 nm, by extracting the maximum percent of reduction and the minimum percent of reduction corresponding to each of the at least one factor from a predetermined look-up table; and reduce, based upon the obtained values, an intensity of the light emission of the display within the light spectrum between 380 nm and 590 nm, wherein a percent reduction is between the sum of each determined maximum percent of reduction and the sum of each determined minimum percent of reduction.

2. The device of claim 1, wherein the reduction of the intensity of light emission of the display between the maximum and minimum percent of reduction only within the light spectrum between 380 nm and 590 nm is performed by reducing at least a percentage of the light spectrum emitted from the display.

3. The device of claim 1, wherein the reduction of the intensity of light emission of the display between the maximum and minimum percent of reduction only within the light spectrum between 380 nm and 590 nm is variable.

4. The device of claim 1, wherein the reduction of the intensity of light emission is progressive between the minimum and maximum percent of reduction.

5. The device of claim 1, wherein the reduction of the intensity of light emission is within discrete portions of the display.

6. The device of claim 1, wherein the reduction of the intensity of light emission of the display is further based upon the display producing less light emission within the light spectrum emitted from the display.

7. The device of claim 1, wherein the reduction of the intensity of the display is temporarily progressive depending on the exposure time of the user.

8. The device of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to: detect a background of an electronic document viewed by the user of the electronic device, and switch the background of the electronic document viewed by the user to a background with a reduced emission in the light spectrum between 380 nm and 590 nm.

9. The device of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to determine, by detection or a user input, a plurality of factors further comprising: input of an age of the user of the electronic device.

10. The device of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to determine a working distance between the user and the display.

11. The device of claim 1 wherein the processor is further configured to determine a size of the display.

12. A computer-implemented method for blocking short and medium wavelength radiations that damage the visual system comprising the steps of: determining, by detection or an input of a user, at least one factor comprising: total time a user is exposed to a display during use of an electronic device, ambient lighting of a place where the user interacts with the display, or a time of day the display is operating, obtaining, for each of the at least one factor, a maximum percent of reduction and a minimum percent of reduction for a light emission of the display within a light spectrum between 380 nm and 590 nm, by extracting the maximum percent of reduction and the minimum percent of reduction corresponding to each of the at least one factor from a predetermined look-up table, and reducing, based upon the obtained values, an intensity of the light emission of the display within the light spectrum between 380 nm and 590 nm, wherein a percent reduction is between the sum of each determined maximum percent of reduction and the sum of each determined minimum percent of reduction.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein the reduction of the intensity of light emission of the display between the maximum and minimum percent of reduction only within the light spectrum between 380 nm and 590 nm is performed by reducing at least a percentage of the light spectrum emitted from the display.

14. The method of claim 12, wherein the reduction of the intensity of light emission of the display between the maximum and minimum percent of reduction only within the light spectrum between 380 nm and 590 nm is variable.

15. The method of claim 12, wherein the reduction of the intensity of light emission is progressive between the minimum and maximum percent of reduction.

16. The method of claim 12, wherein the reduction of the intensity of light emission is within discrete portions of the display.

17. The method of claim 12, wherein the reduction of the intensity of light emission of the display is further based upon the display producing less of light emission within the light spectrum between 380 nm and 590 nm.

18. The method of claim 12, wherein the reduction of the intensity of the display is temporarily progressive depending on the exposure time of the user and the time of the day.

19. The method of claim 12, further comprising: detecting a background of an electronic document viewed by the user of the electronic device, and switching the background of the electronic document viewed by the user to a background with a reduced emission in the light spectrum between 380 nm and 590 nm.

20. The method of claim 12, further comprising receiving an age of the user of the electronic device.

21. The method of claim 12, further comprising determining a working distance between the user and the display.

22. The method of claim 12, further comprising determining a size of the display.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) Described very briefly hereinafter are a series of drawings that help to better understand the invention and which are expressly related to an embodiment of said invention that is presented as a non-limiting example thereof.

(2) FIG. 1 shows different graphs of emissions for commercial electronic products with LED-type display described in the current state of the art.

(3) FIG. 2 shows a graph with the percentage of transmittance of the crystal lens according to that described in [BRAINARD, G. C. et al. “Action spectrum for melatonin regulation in humans: Evidence for a novel circadian photoreceptor”, Journal of Neuroscience (2001)].

(4) FIGS. 3a-3c shows the selective absorbance of the blocking element of short wavelengths between 380-500 nm of the present invention for three examples of people of different age: 25 years old (FIG. 3a), 45 years old (FIG. 3b) and 76 years old (FIG. 3c) according to the state of the art.

(5) FIG. 4 shows a graph with the LED light effect and the photoprotective effect of a blocking element that selectively absorbs the short wavelengths between 380-500 nm on the cell viability, indicative of cell survival in human retinal pigment epithelial cells, according to the state of the art.

(6) FIG. 5 shows the LED light effect and the photoprotective effect of a blocking element that selectively absorbs the short wavelengths between 380-500 nm on the activation of the human histone H2AX, indicative of DNA damage in human retinal pigment epithelial cells, according to the state of the art.

(7) FIG. 6 shows the LED light effect and photoprotective effect of a blocking element that selectively absorbs the short wavelengths between 380-500 nm on the activation of the caspase-3, -7, indicative of apoptosis in human retinal pigment epithelial cells, according to the state of the art.

(8) FIG. 7 shows a chart with the mitochondrial damage with and without diopter for blocking short wavelengths between 380-590 nm according to the present invention.

(9) FIG. 8 shows a chart with the protective effect of the diopter with and without diopter for blocking short wavelengths between 380-590 nm according to the present invention.

(10) FIG. 9 shows a scheme of a portable electronic device as that used in the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF SPECIFIC EMBODIMENTS

(11) The present invention aims to a diopter for blocking short and medium wavelengths between 380-590 nm wherein the mitochondrial damage is very high, in combination with a diopter with short wavelengths ranging between 380-500 nm.

(12) To evaluate the feasibility of the diopter, a test which consisted of two experiments has been established: a first experiment without diopter and a second experiment with diopter.

(13) In the experiment without diopter, on the first day the cells of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) were seed in assay plates and on day 2 the photo-exposure was started. The photo-exposure device contained four LEDs, each in isolated compartments:

(14) Blue LED—It emits light at the wavelength of 468 nm.

(15) Green LED—It emits light at the wavelength of 525 nm.

(16) Red LED—It emits light at the wavelength of 616 nm.

(17) White LED—It emits in the visible spectrum at 5400° K.

(18) Three photo-exposure cycles were carried out. Each cycle comprised 12 hours of photo-exposure followed by a recovery period of 12 hours. Prior to the photo-exposure, the source was pre-warmed for 15 minutes. Every day cells were added in fresh medium. The 5th day of the experiment the same was completed. Probes and antibodies were applied and the readings were carried out.

(19) For the second experiment with diopter the first experiment methodology was followed but diopters were interposed between the light source and RPE cells. The diopters placed on the support that separates the cells from the light source followed the following order:

(20) LIGHT SOURCE

(21) DIOPTER WITH SHORT WAVELENGTHS (380-500 nm)

(22) DIOPTER WITH MEDIUM WAVELENGTHS (500-590 nm)

(23) TRANSPARENT UV FILTER

(24) RPE CELLS

(25) As indicated, a diopter is a surface separating two means with different refractive index. The diopters with short and medium wavelengths are therefore two independent diopters that, combined their effects, make up the diopter object of the invention in its most basic embodiment. The UV filter is not part of the present invention. On the other hand, its presence does not affect the study of the visible spectrum.

(26) It has been proven that between the functions of the mitochondria highlights their participation in the mechanisms of cell death by apoptosis, where the permeabilization of mitochondrial outer membrane and the release of proteins important in the intermembrane space of the mitochondria are important characteristics that define this process. Specifically pro-apoptotic proteins such as cytochrome C, among others, are released during early stages of apoptosis.

(27) Tetramethylrhodamine, methyl ester TMRM is a fluorescent cationic probe which, upon entering the cell, is quickly sequestered by mitochondria accumulating in a form negatively charged. The fluorescent signal emitted by this probe can be directly correlated with the mitochondrial inner membrane potential. Decrease of the fluorescence or its disappearance indicates the loss of integrity of the mitochondrial membrane, in definitive cell damage.

(28) The toxicity experiment was conducted after the cells were incubated in the presence of light of different wavelength designed in the experiment, for 3 exposure/rest cycles of 12 hours per cycle. After incubation, cells were washed with PBS and the fluorescent probes TMRM added; to measure the mitochondrial membrane potential respectively. The probes were added at a concentration of 1:1000, for 30 minutes. Once the incubation is completed, the cells were washed with PBS and the fluorescence emitted by cells was read using a fluorescence microscope BD Pathway 855. The fluorescence produced by the probe TMRM (mitochondrial membrane potential) at 594 nm.

(29) The results are shown in FIG. 7. This graph presents the bars that represent the fluorescence intensity, directly proportionally related to damage to the membrane. Percentages express the decrease of damage in membrane when the diopter is interposed.

(30) For the calculation of the protective effect the results for each type of LED have normalized independently with respect to the damage obtained without diopter. Thus, mitochondrial damage detected in cells exposed without filter was considered as 100% of the damage that could be caused by a certain LED. The protective effect of the diopter is calculated as a percentage, based on cells that could suffer from phototoxic damage and having mitochondrial alterations.

(31) For example, in the case of the blue LED, during the exposure without diopter, a mitochondrial damage of 0.4 is obtained, this considered as 100% (normalized to 1) of the damage that could be produced by the emission of this LED. By interposing the diopters, damage is reduced to 0.1, i.e., when interposing the diopters, only 25% of the cells suffer from mitochondrial alterations (compared to 75% of cells that do not suffer alterations). This means that the diopter prevent mitochondrial damage in 75% of the cases which, if it were not for the protection, cells undergo apoptosis process by mitochondrial damage.

(32) FIG. 8 shows the protective effect of the diopter used in the test, where the bars represent the fluorescence intensity that represents the integrity of mitochondrial membrane. The percentages express the proportions of viable cells when the diopter is interposed. The percentages are normalized with respect to the control (i.e. cells without exposure).

(33) As shown in the previous example, the simplest example of a diopter has been indicated according to the present invention consisting of:

(34) a) a first diopter with a first pigment distributed on its surface a) where said first pigment has an optical density with a selective absorption of short wavelengths ranging from 380 nm and 500 nm between a maximum and minimum threshold of absorption; and

(35) b) a second diopter with a second pigment distributed on its surface a) where said second pigment has an optical density with a selective absorption of short wavelengths ranging from 500 nm and 590 nm between a maximum and minimum threshold of absorption.

(36) Logically, the first and second pigment does not indicate an order, and may be mixed together, separated by layers or in any other way in which its effects are combined.

(37) However, this is only one of the possible embodiments having the diopter, including embodiments by software, which allows blocking the range of desired short wavelengths (380-590 nm) without reducing widely the total intensity or total amount of light that emits the source, that in portable electronic devices is a display screen, usually of type LED.

(38) In general, all embodiments must comply with a number of factors (table 5) to which a maximum and minimum weight is given to set, precisely, the maximum and minimum thresholds of absorbance for each individual or group of individuals (when they can be grouped). Some might think it is not necessary to have a maximum and minimum absorbance range and completely block the passage of the short and medium wavelengths between 380 and 590 nm. However, the total blocking of the blue light within these ranges produces effects both on the visibility through the diopter and on the individual's circadian cycle itself, so it is mandatory to set a minimum and maximum absorbance range without reaching a total blocking of the short and medium wavelengths. In addition, when specifying in an individualized or group way the thresholds it allows adjusting the optimal blocking of the short and medium wavelengths, thus allowing minimizing the negative effects on the display and the individual's circadian cycle.

(39) In people with retinal pathology and/or older than 75 years, in situations that recommended absorption exceeds 75% for wavelengths between 380 and 590 nm it is recommended to add an attenuator from between 20-50% for the rest of the bands (590-700 nm), for television screens or for those screens that cannot regulate the emission intensity.

(40) TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Maximum limit Minimum Factor Degree (%) limit (%) Age 0-9 10 4 (years) 10-19 9 5 20-39 9 5 40-59 12 6 60-79 15 7 >79 20 10 Type of used devices Smartphones 5 2 (working distance) (25-40 cm) Tablets 5 2 (25-40 cm) Computer screens 3 1 (41-70 cm) Television screens 3 1 (>70 cm) Total exposure time  <3 4 3 (hours) 3-5 5 4 6-8 6 5  9-10 7 5 >10 7 5 Conditions of lowest Photopioc (>5) 2 1 ambient lighting Mesopic (0.005-5) 5 2 during the use of the Scotopic (<0.005) 10 4 devices (cd/m2) Disease State Retinal disease states Mild stage 50 30 Moderate stage 60 40 Severe stage 70 50 Corneal disease states Mild stage 20 10 Moderate stage 30 20 Severe stage 40 30 Palpebral disease 8 5 states Conjunctival disease 8 5 states Scleral disease states 8 5 Glaucoma 20 10 Pseudophakic/ 30 10 Aphakia

(41) The sum of the various factors listed by way of example in table 5 is what gives as a result a maximum and minimum absorbance threshold that allow maximizing the protection and minimizing the alterations in the circadian cycle and the display of the objects through the diopter.

(42) Thus, for a 38-year-old user (maximum 9, minimum 5) that works with a computer (3/1), with an exposure time to the light source of more than 10 hours (7/5), with an ambient lighting of the place where the user interacts with the photopic LED-type light source (2/1) and without disease states, it is stated that we would have a maximum absorbance in the range of 380-500 nm of (9+2+3+7) of 21%, while the minimum of absorbance would be 12%. However, if the same individual uses various electronic devices (computer, tablet and Smartphone) for more than 10 hours in environments of high and low lighting, the preferred absorbance range will vary by 10% for the maximum and by 4% for the minimum. On the other hand, if the individual has a moderate retinal disease state and was exposed to television for 3-5 hours a day in high light conditions, the recommended absorbance range will also vary according to the sum indicated.

(43) Examples and practical embodiments to achieve this selective absorbance vary since it can be a multilayer substrate (such as the external blocking element of a LED display), a coating (gel, foam, emulsion, solution, dilution or mixture) with a pigment of an optical density, or reduction via software of the emission on the spectrum of 380-590 nm.

(44) A diopter is also one selected among: intraocular lens, contact lens, ophthalmic lens, a filter in windows of buildings and/or vehicles, a solar lens with and/or without mirrored surface, a lens for welding protection or an intermediate layer inserted in a display screen and configured to block emissions in short and medium wave lengths comprised between 380-590 nm.

(45) In all these cases we are in the same situation as in the diopter described, i.e., including a pigment for blocking medium wavelengths in addition to a pigment for blocking short wavelengths, so as to obtain a result similar to that described in the tests.

(46) According to the results reported in the tests of FIGS. 7-8, is demonstrated that the reduction of the emission caused by light sources as those incorporated in the display screens of mobile devices (typically, but not exclusively, of type LED) in the spectrum comprised between the 380-590 nm is beneficial, thus solving the technical problem described previously.

(47) In all the previous embodiments, a second diopter is included for medium wavelengths ranging from 500 nm and 590 nm reducing the effect of the medium wavelengths in the range of the green which, as indicated, has a very high range of cell death.

(48) Following is a practical example of embodiment of a portable electronic device (100) as one that can be used in the present invention according to some practical embodiments is shown in FIG. 9. More specifically, the portable electronic device 100 of the invention includes a memory 102, a memory controller 104, one or more processing units (CPU) 106, a peripherals interface 108, a RF circuitry 112, an audio circuitry 114, a speaker 116, a microphone 118, an input/output (I/O) subsystem 120, a screen 126, preferably of LED type, without excluding other practical embodiments, other input or control devices 128, and an external port 148. These components communicate over the one or more communication buses or signal lines 110. The device 100 can be any portable electronic device, including but not limited to a handheld computer, a tablet computer, a mobile phone, a media player, a personal digital assistant (PDA), or the like, including a combination of two or more of these items. It should be appreciated that the device 100 is only one example of a portable electronic device 100, and that the device 100 may have more or fewer components than shown, or a different configuration of components. The various components shown in FIG. 1 may be implemented in hardware, software or a combination of both hardware and software, including one or more signal processing and/or application specific integrated circuits. In the same way, the display 126 has been defined as a LED display, although the invention may also be implemented in devices with a standard display.

(49) The memory 102 may include high speed random access memory and may also include non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid state memory devices. In some embodiments, the memory 102 may further include storage remotely located from the one or more processors 106, for instance network attached storage accessed via the RF circuitry 112 or external port 148 and a communications network (not shown) such as the Internet, intranet(s), Local Area Networks (LANs), Wide Local Area Networks (WLANs), Storage Area Networks (SANs) and the like, or any suitable combination thereof. Access to the memory 102 by other components of the device 100, such as the CPU 106 and the peripherals interface 108, may be controlled by the memory controller 104.

(50) The peripherals interface 108 couples the input and output peripherals of the device to the CPU 106 and the memory 102. The one or more processors 106 run various software programs and/or sets of instructions stored in the memory 102 to perform various functions for the device 100 and process data.

(51) In some embodiments, the peripherals interface 108, the CPU 106, and the memory controller 104 may be implemented on a single chip, such as a chip 111. In some other embodiments, they may be implemented on separate chips.

(52) The RF (radio frequency) circuitry 112 receives and sends electromagnetic waves. The RF circuitry 112 converts electrical signals to/from electromagnetic waves and communicates with communications networks and other communications devices via the electromagnetic waves. The RF circuitry 112 may include well-known circuitry for performing these functions, including but not limited to an antenna system, an RF transceiver, one or more amplifiers, a tuner, one or more oscillators, a digital signal processor, a CODEC chipset, a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, memory, and so forth. The RF circuitry 112 may communicate with the networks, such as the Internet, also referred to as the World Wide Web (WWW), an Intranet and/or a wireless network, such as a cellular telephone network, a wireless local area network (LAN) and/or a metropolitan area network (MAN), and other devices by wireless communication. The wireless communication may use any of a plurality of communications standards, protocols and technologies, including but not limited to Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE), wideband code division multiple access (W-CDMA), code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), Bluetooth, Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) (e.g., IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g and/or IEEE 802.11n), voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), Wi-MAX, a protocol for email, instant messaging, and/or Short Message Service (SMS), or any other suitable communication protocol, including communication protocols not yet developed as of the filing date of this document.

(53) The audio circuitry 114, the speaker 116, and the microphone 118 provide an audio interface between a user and the device 100. The audio circuitry 114 receives audio data from the peripherals interface 108, converts the audio data to an electrical signal, and transmits the electrical signal to the speaker 116. The speaker converts the electrical signal to human-audible sound waves. The audio circuitry 114 also receives electrical signals converted by the microphone 116 from sound waves. The audio circuitry 114 converts the electrical signal to audio data and transmits the audio data to the peripherals interface 108 for processing. Audio data may be may be retrieved from and/or transmitted to the memory 102 and/or the RF circuitry 112 by the peripherals interface 108. In some embodiments, the audio circuitry 114 also includes a headset jack (not shown). The headset jack provides an interface between the audio circuitry 114 and removable audio input/output peripherals, such as output-only headphones or a headset with both output (headphone for one or both ears) and input (microphone).

(54) The I/O subsystem 120 provides the interface between input/output peripherals on the device 100, such as the LED display 126 and other input/control devices 128, and the peripherals interface 108. The I/O subsystem 120 includes a LED-display controller 122 and one or more input controllers 124 for other input or control devices. The one or more input controllers 124 receive/send electrical signals from/to other input or control devices 128. The other input/control devices 128 may include physical buttons (e.g., push buttons, rocker buttons, etc.), dials, slider switches, and/or geographical location means 201, such as GPS or similar.

(55) In this practical embodiment, the LED display 126 provides both an output interface and an input interface between the device and a user. The LED-display controller 122 receives/sends electrical signals from/to the LED display 126. The LED display 126 displays visual output to the user. The visual output may include text, graphics, video, and any combination thereof. Some or all of the visual output may correspond to user-interface objects, further details of which are described below.

(56) The LED display 126 also accepts input from the user based on haptic contact. The LED display 126 forms a touch-sensitive surface that accepts user input. The LED display 126 and the LED-display controller 122 (along with any associated modules and/or sets of instructions in the memory 102) detects contact (and any movement or break of the contact) on the LED display 126 and converts the detected contact into interaction with user-interface objects, such as one or more soft keys, that are displayed on the LED display. In an exemplary embodiment, a point of contact between the LED display 126 and the user corresponds to one or more digits of the user.

(57) The LED display 126 is or may be formed by a plurality of light-emitter diodes, and more specifically formed by white LEDs, although other type of LED emitters may be used in other embodiments.

(58) The LED display 126 and LED-display controller 122 may detect contact and any movement or break thereof using any of a plurality of touch sensitivity technologies, including but not limited to capacitive, resistive, infrared, and surface acoustic wave technologies, as well as other proximity sensor arrays or other elements for determining one or more points of contact with the LED display 126.

(59) The device 100 also includes a power system 130 for powering the various components. The power system 130 may include a power management system, one or more power sources (e.g., battery, alternating current (AC)), a recharging system, a power failure detection circuit, a power converter or inverter, a power status indicator (e.g., a light-emitting diode (LED)) and any other components associated with the generation, management and distribution of power in portable devices.

(60) In some embodiments, the software components include an operating system 132, a communication module (or set of instructions) 134, a contact/motion module (or set of instructions) 138, a graphics module (or set of instructions) 140, a user interface state module (or set of instructions) 144, and one or more applications (or set of instructions) 146.

(61) The operating system 132 (e.g., Darwin, RTXC, LINUX, UNIX, OS X, WINDOWS, or an embedded operating system such as VxWorks) includes various software components and/or drivers for controlling and managing general system tasks (e.g., memory management, storage device control, power management, etc.) and facilitates communication between various hardware and software components.

(62) The communication module 134 facilitates communication with other devices over one or more external ports 148 and also includes various software components for handling data received by the RF circuitry 112 and/or the external port 148. The external port 148 (e.g., Universal Serial Bus (USB), FIREWIRE, etc.) is adapted for coupling directly to other devices or indirectly over a network (e.g., the Internet, wireless LAN, etc.).

(63) The contact/motion module 138 detects contact with the LED display 126, in conjunction with the LED-display controller 122. The contact/motion module 138 includes various software components for performing various operations related to detection of contact with the LED display 122, such as determining if contact has occurred, determining if there is movement of the contact and tracking the movement across the LED display, and determining if the contact has been broken (i.e., if the contact has ceased). Determining movement of the point of contact may include determining speed (magnitude), velocity (magnitude and direction), and/or an acceleration (including magnitude and/or direction) of the point of contact. In some embodiments, the contact/motion module 126 and the LED display controller 122 also detects contact on the LED pad.

(64) The graphics module 140 includes various known software components for rendering and displaying graphics on the LED display 126. Note that the term “graphics” includes any object that can be displayed to a user, including without limitation text, web pages, icons (such as user-interface objects including soft keys), digital images, videos, animations and the like.

(65) In some embodiments, the graphics module 140 includes an optical intensity module 142. The optical intensity module 142 controls the optical intensity of graphical objects, such as user-interface objects, displayed on the LED display 126. Controlling the optical intensity may include increasing or decreasing the optical intensity of a graphical object. In some embodiments, the increase or decrease may follow predefined functions.

(66) The user interface state module 144 controls the user interface state of the device 100. The user interface state module 144 may include a lock module 150 and an unlock module 152. The lock module detects satisfaction of any of one or more conditions to transition the device 100 to a user-interface lock state and to transition the device 100 to the lock state. The unlock module detects satisfaction of any of one or more conditions to transition the device to a user-interface unlock state and to transition the device 100 to the unlock state.

(67) The one or more applications 130 can include any applications installed on the device 100, including without limitation, a browser, address book, contact list, email, instant messaging, word processing, keyboard emulation, widgets, JAVA-enabled applications, encryption, digital rights management, voice recognition, voice replication, location determination capability (such as that provided by the global positioning system (GPS)), a music player (which plays back recorded music stored in one or more files, such as MP3 or AAC files), etc.

(68) In some embodiments, the device 100 may include one or more optional optical sensors (not shown), such as CMOS or CCD image sensors, for use in imaging applications.

(69) The portable electronic device (100) comprising a screen (126); one or more processors (106); a memory (102); and one or more programs wherein the program(s) (132 to 146) are stored in the memory (102) and configured to be executed by at least the processor(s) (106), the programs (132 to 146) including instructions to: calculate a maximum and minimal threshold of the emissions of short wavelengths between 380 and 590 nm; selectively reduce the emission of short and medium wavelengths between 380-590 nm of the lighting sources contained in the screen (126) by modifying the colors in the operating system or in the color intensity module (142). All of this as has already been indicated above.

(70) The portable electronic device (100) can be fixed in other embodiments. In other embodiments the LED display (126) may be any screen which emits light in the visible range (RGB).

(71) The selective reduction is carried out by modifying the colors in the operating system (134) or in the color intensity module (142). In any case, there is also the possibility that said selective reduction is temporarily progressive so that the greater exposure time to the screen (126) of device (100), the greater reduction will be. The change in colors in the operating system (134) can be automated through an application that after the questions to the user described in table 5 or setting by any other method the data necessary to calculate the maximum and minimum threshold for that individual on that mobile device and act on the RGB control of the O.S. (134) so that said emissions are reduced. The latter can also be made in the color intensity module, reducing the intensity or brightness.

(72) Finally, the software product with instructions configured for execution by one or more processors that, when executing by a portable electronic device (100) as described above, make said device (100) to carry out the computer-implemented method to block the short and medium wavelengths in light sources characterized in that it comprises the steps of: (i) calculating the emissions of short and medium wavelengths between 380 and 590 nm; and (ii) selectively reducing the emission of short and medium wavelengths between 380-590 nm of the LEDs contained in the screen (126) depending on the calculation set out in the step (i).

(73) It is also obvious to a person skilled in the art that the electronic device can be portable as in the described embodiment, or fixed, provided that it comprises the basic elements described to execute its functionality, regardless of whether any of its parts is executed on local or remotely, via communication network. For example, the software product can be run in a client-server architecture so that emissions can be regulated by a physician, through application of telemedicine.

(74) The calculation of the emissions is a function of at least one of the following variables: age of a user of LED-type light source, separation distance to the LED-type light source, size of the LED-type light source, exposure time to the light source by the user, ambient lighting of the place where the user interacts with the LED-type light source and the possible retinal and/or corneal disease state.

(75) The benefits of the invention in its embodiment in an electronic device are multiple, as well as their applications. For example, its use is beneficial to improve the quality of life of the user in different everyday situations, for example: not affecting the metabolism of the users or their meal plan; notifying the user of overuse in contrast to the hours of sleep; notifying an intensive use of the macula, i.e. an excessive concentration on the device, for example, due to an excess of hours of reading, which may imply a reduction of the emissions depending on the hours of reading, to compensate them; improvement in concentration and performance tasks; very low lighting night environments, emissions are reduced by regulating the circadian cycle, which also results in the mood of the user; or finally detecting if it is a child to reduce emissions or block the portable electronic device.

(76) This software product can be physically implemented in the display hardware itself or in the video controller of any computer system comprising a display.

(77) The protection of the retina, cornea and crystalline of the harmful action of the short wavelengths, as well as the elimination of the eyestrain, the improvement of the comfort and visual function, and the avoidance of the insomnia, final objects of the invention, are also achieved both with the computer-implemented method and with the electronic device (100), and with the described computer product.

(78) One of the possibilities given by the invention is the possibility of changing the background of any document to one less aggressive for the human eye. Indeed, today, most of the documents have a white background, while its content is typically in a color that offers a strong contrast, like black, blue, red or green. This is conditioned by the fact that electronic documents, in general, try to imitate the documents written on paper, in addition to minimize the cost of printing of said documents.

(79) Another possibility granted by the invention is that in the case of exposures to short and medium wavelengths are intermittent or divided, the exposure to screen can be managed per time-points. Similarly, it can be set a progression in the illumination of the screen from the beginning of the lighting until a threshold established for each user is reached depending on the time of day and user's sleep states, which affect the circadian cycle and the regulation of melatonin.

(80) However, that contrast, as described, implies a strong light emission with a harmful content for the human eye. Therefore, and thanks to the described method, the computer-implemented method, the device, and the computer product implement a further step of detecting the background of the document shown to the user, and a second step of switching said background to one with a reduced emission on the spectrum indicated.

(81) Finally, it should be noted that the invention can be used on any LED device, including OLED devices. An OLED consists of two thin organic layers: an emission layer and a conducting layer, which at the same time are comprised between a thin film acting as an anode and another identical one acting as a cathode. In general, these layers are made of molecules or polymers that conduct electricity. Their electrical conductivity levels are between the level of an insulator and that of a conductor, and for this reason they are called organic semiconductors. The choice of organic materials and the structure of the layers determine the operating characteristics of the device: emitted color, time life and energy efficiency. For example, this structure may be modified to incorporate a diopter such as that of the invention in such a way that it comprises a layer or pigmented substrate that blocks the short- and medium-wave radiations ranging between 380-590 nm according to the stated embodiments of the invention.

(82) The present invention is also useful in screens of large dimensions of type RGB, where it can be used to selectively block the short and medium wavelengths ranging between 380-590 nm.