DECANTER CENTRIFUGE WITH LAMELLAE FOR IMPROVED FINES RECOVERY

Abstract

A scroll assembly (1) for a centrifuge (100) may be characterised in that it includes at least one lamellae pack assembly (11) proximate the first end (9) of the scroll (2). The lamellae pack assembly (11) may have a plurality of lamella plates (11d) and be positioned upstream of a weir (31) or an effluent exit port (4) that permits a liquid fraction (33) of said infeed slurry to discharge from the centrifuge (100). The lamella plates (11d) are preferably configured and arranged to bias fine solids (35) entrained within the liquid fraction (33) radially-outwardly or at least hinder their radially-inwardly migration as the liquid fraction (33) passes through the lamella plates (11d) and before the liquid fraction passes the weir (31) or effluent exit port (4), in order to produce discharged clarified liquids (36) which are substantially-free of the fine solids (35).

Claims

1. A scroll assembly (1) for a centrifuge (100), the scroll assembly (1) comprising: a scroll (2) configured to be positioned within a bowl (30) and having a first end (9) proximate an effluent discharge and a second end (8) proximate a solids discharge; the scroll (2) having an inner chamber (39) configured to receive infeed slurry from a pipe (5) having an infeed opening (10); the inner chamber (39) being defined by a tubular scroll wall (4) having a number of slurry openings (14) therethrough; wherein at least one screw flight (6, 7, 15) is provided to an outer portion of the scroll (2); the scroll (2) being CHARACTERIZED IN THAT it further comprises: at least one lamellae pack assembly (11) proximate the first end (9) of the scroll (2); the lamellae pack assembly (11) comprising a plurality of lamella plates (11d); the lamellae pack assembly (11) being positioned upstream of a weir (31) or an effluent exit port (4) that permits a liquid fraction (33) of said infeed slurry to discharge from the centrifuge (100); wherein the plurality of lamella plates (11d) are configured and arranged to bias fine solids (35) entrained within the liquid fraction (33) radially-outwardly or at least hinder their radially-inwardly migration as the liquid fraction (33) passes between the lamella plates (11d) and before the liquid fraction passes the weir (31) or effluent exit port (4), in order to produce discharged clarified liquids (36) which are substantially-free of the fine solids (35).

2. The scroll assembly (1) for a centrifuge (100) according to claim 1, wherein the at least one lamellae pack assembly (11) is received within an outer cutout (29), effluent dis-charge port (4), or lamellae pack receiving portion (29) provided to a portion of a backing plate (27).

3. The scroll assembly (1) for a centrifuge (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one lamellae pack assembly (11) comprises a mounting flange (11b) which is configured to be fastened to a backing plate (27) or end cap plate (3).

4. The scroll assembly (1) for a centrifuge (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one lamellae pack assembly (11) comprises an end face (11e), wherein the lamella plates (11d) are captured between the end face (11e) and the mount-ing flange (11a).

5. The scroll assembly (1) for a centrifuge (100) according to claim 4, wherein the end face (11e) and mounting flange (11a) are provided with slits or slots (11h), which are configured to receive and/or support tab portions (11i) of the lamella plates (11d) and facilitate manufacturing of the lamellae pack assembly (11).

6. The scroll assembly (1) for a centrifuge (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein an end face (11e) of the at least one lamellae pack assembly (11) abuts a weir plate (23) that comprises said weir (31) or a backing plate (27).

7. The scroll assembly (1) for a centrifuge (100) according to claim 6, wherein the weir plate (23) abuts an end cap plate (3) comprising the effluent exit port (4).

8. The scroll assembly (1) for a centrifuge (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein a flow entry side (11f) of the at least one lamellae pack assembly (11) is positioned radially-inwardly of a solid-liquid interface (36) while the centrifuge (100) is in operation, in relation to a central axis of rotation (21) and further positioned radially-outwardly of a discharge entry side (11g) of the at least one lamellae pack assembly (11).

9. The scroll assembly (1) for a centrifuge (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising a plurality of lamellae pack assemblies (11), wherein an annular shroud (26) separates and/or spans between a flow entry side (11f) of each of said plurality of lamellae pack assemblies (11), the annular shroud (26) being configured to bias the liquid fraction (33) towards said flow entry side (11f) of each of said plurality of lamellae pack assemblies (11).

10. The scroll assembly (1) for a centrifuge (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one lamellae pack assembly (11) is removable and/or replacea-ble for cleaning or servicing.

11. The scroll assembly (1) for a centrifuge (100) according to claim 10, wherein the at least one lamellae pack assembly (11) is removable and/or replaceable for cleaning or ser-vicing from only a first end (9) of the scroll assembly (1).

12. The scroll assembly (1) for a centrifuge (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising the bowl (30); wherein the bowl (30) is selected from a screen-bowl or a solidbowl.

Description

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] To complement the description which is being made, and for the purpose of aiding to better understand the features of the invention, a set of drawings illustrating preferred, non-limiting embodiments of an improved scroll assembly 1 and components thereof for use in a centrifuge is attached to the present specification as an integral part thereof, in which the following has been depicted with an illustrative and non-limiting character. It should be understood that like reference numbers used in the drawings.

[0035] FIG. 1 shows a side isometric view of an exemplary scroll assembly 1 comprising a scroll 2 and lamellae pack assemblies 11, according to embodiments.

[0036] FIG. 2 shows a partial cutaway view of the scroll assembly 1 in FIG. 1.

[0037] FIG. 3 shows a close-up view of an effluent discharge end of the scroll assembly 1 shown in FIG. 1, depicting the end cap plate 3 removed from the effluent discharge end 9 for clarity.

[0038] FIG. 4 is an alternate view of FIG. 3, depicting the weir plate 23 removed from the effluent discharge end 9 for clarity.

[0039] FIG. 5 is a close-up view of a portion of FIG. 4.

[0040] FIG. 6 is an alternate view of FIG. 5, depicting side baffles 25 removed for clarity.

[0041] FIGS. 6-14 show how one or more lamellae pack assemblies 11 may be provided to a scroll assembly 1 in a rear-mounting configuration.

[0042] FIG. 7 is an alternate view of FIG. 6 showing backing plate 27 removed for clarity and better understanding.

[0043] FIG. 8 is a front cutaway view of the upper left component (i.e., lamellae pack assembly 11) in FIG. 7.

[0044] FIG. 9 shows a side cutaway view of the lamellae pack assembly 11 of FIG. 7, the cutaway plane being orthogonal to the cutaway plane of FIG. 7.

[0045] FIG. 10 shows an alternative isometric view of the lamellae pack assembly 11 depicted in the upper left of FIG. 7.

[0046] FIG. 11 depicts an alternative cutaway view of the scroll assembly 1 shown in FIG. 1.

[0047] FIG. 12 is a closeup view of the indicated portion of FIG. 11.

[0048] FIG. 13 is a closeup view of the indicated portion of FIG. 12.

[0049] FIG. 14 depicts another view of the indicated portion of FIG. 12.

[0050] FIG. 15 depicts a photograph of a centrifuge comprising the scroll assembly 1 depicted in FIGS. 1-14.

[0051] FIGS. 16-18 show how one or more lamellae pack assemblies 11 may be provided to a scroll in a front-mounting configuration.

[0052] FIG. 16 depicts an alternative embodiment of a lamellae pack assembly 11 which can be inserted and removed from a first (discharge) end 9 of a scroll assembly 1.

[0053] FIG. 17 depicts a cutaway view of a scroll assembly 1 with the lamellae pack assembly 11 of FIG. 16 installed therein.

[0054] FIG. 18 depicts a partial isometric end view of a scroll assembly 1 with the lamellae pack assembly 11 of FIG. 16 installed therein, with arrows depicting a direction of removal of the lamellae pack assemblies 11.

[0055] FIG. 19 depicts a screenbowl which may contain the scroll assembly 1 depicted in FIG. 18and which may be used in the centrifuge (100) depicted in FIG. 15.

[0056] FIG. 20 depicts a solidbowl which may contain the scroll assembly 1 depicted in FIG. 18and which may be used in the centrifuge (100) depicted in FIG. 15.

[0057] In the following, the invention will be described in more detail with reference to drawings in conjunction with exemplary embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0058] A novel scroll assembly 1 for a centrifuge 100 is disclosed. As depicted in FIGS. 1 and 2, the scroll assembly 1 comprises a scroll structure 2 and has a first end 9 for providing egress of liquid effluent fractions of infeed slurry, and a second end 8 opposite the first end 9 for providing egress of solid fractions of infeed slurry. The scroll assembly 1 may rotates about a central axis of rotation 21 extending between the first 9 and second 8 ends. The scroll assembly 1 is designed to be installed in a centrifuge 100, such as the one depicted in FIG. 15.

[0059] Infeed slurry enters a slurry infeed opening 10 and is transferred, via a pipe 5 to an inner chamber 39. The inner chamber 39 may be provided with one or more inner baffles therein 22 for stabilizing the slurry within the inner chamber 39. Where employed, the inner baffles 22 may comprise slurry openings 40, such as a central aperture or orifice, as shown. By virtue of centrifugation, slurry in the inner chamber 39 may exit the inner chamber 39 radially-outwardly through one or more slurry openings 14. Centrifugated slurry 32 moves radially outwardly towards an outer bowl 30 surrounding the screw 2.

[0060] As suggested in FIGS. 13 and 14, the centrifugated slurry 32 begins to stratify into a solid fraction strata 37 (closer to the bowl 30), and a liquid fraction strata 33 (further from the bowl 30). A solid-liquid interface 38 may be loosely defined between the solid fraction strata 37 and liquid fraction strata 33, although this interface may not be a sharp cutoff and may be defined as an intermediate strata or layer therebetween.

[0061] The scroll assembly 1 may comprise an end cap plate 3 adjacent the first end 9. The end cap plate 3 may comprise one or more (preferably a plurality of) effluent exit ports 4. These effluent exit ports 4 enable clarified liquid fractions of the infeed slurry to be discharged from the centrifuge 100 by virtue of making its way out from a chamber defined between the scroll 2 and the bowl 30.

[0062] An outer (tapered) screw/ribbon flight 6 may be provided to and/or surround a scroll wall 24. The scroll wall 24 may, as shown, define a boundary of the inner chamber 39, and may comprise the one or more slurry openings 14. The screw/ribbon flight 6 may comprise a, for example, at a middle 17 section of the scroll assembly 1. The tapered screw/ribbon flight 6 may continuously make its way around the scroll wall 24 from adjacent the first end 9 to the second end 8 traversing a first section 16, a middle section 17, and a second section 18. As depicted, a portion of the screw/ribbon flight 6 may be tapered in the middle section 17, for example, such that its outer diameter narrows towards the second end 8 and/or second section 18, without limitation. Moreover, as shown, a portion of the screw/ribbon flight 6 may comprise a floating screw/ribbon flight 7 in the first section 16 or adjacent the first end 9, without limitation.

[0063] If employed, the floating screw/ribbon flight 7 may be supported by one or more standoffs 12, such as one or more vanes which extend radially-outwardly from the scroll wall 24. The standoffs 12 may be configured to extend along the scroll wall 24 in a direction parallel to the central axis of rotation 21 as shown. The one or more standoffs 12 may comprise one or more raised seats 13 for supporting a radially inner surface or contact point of the floating screw/ribbon flight 7. The one or more raised seats 13 may be configured as cutouts in a generally planar standoff 12 as depicted. Alternatively, while not shown, standoffs 12 may simply be constructed from isolated upstanding support elements or flanges extending from the scroll wall 24 at unique independent locations along the scroll wall 24, without limitation.

[0064] By virtue of the design and configuration of the floating screw/ribbon flight 7, standoffs 12, and raised seats 13 supporting the floating screw/ribbon flight 7, a number of open axial effluent pathways 19 are formed between the scroll wall 24 and the floating screw/ribbon flight 7 in the first section 16 adjacent the first end 9. These open axial effluent pathways 19 may provide for less turbulent flows of counter-current strata 33, 37 as material traverses axially between the bowl 30 and scroll 2. In particular, the open axial effluent pathways 19 defined by the floating screw/ribbon flight 7 may serve to allow a liquids frac-tion 33 of the centrifuged slurry 32 to more easily migrate axially towards the first end 9 and through effluent exit ports 4 without turbulence or mechanical structure-induced disturbances (which could lead to further fine solids entrainment in the discharged clarified liquids 36 and/or higher turbidity of the discharged clarified liquids 36).

[0065] As most clearly seen from FIG. 1, the floating screw/ribbon flight 7 portion of the screw/ribbon flight 6 may transition to meet the scroll wall 24 in a central region of the scroll 2 (e.g., in the middle section 17, without limitation. A portion of the screw/ribbon flight 6 towards the second end 8 of the scroll assembly 1 may comprise a discharge screw/ribbon flight 15, which may or may not be tapered.

[0066] It should be understood that while a single screw/ribbon flight 6 is depicted, multiple screw/ribbon flights 6 may be provided and nested or interspersed within one another to form a multiple-helix scroll 2, without limitation.

[0067] FIG. 3 shows the first end 9 of the scroll assembly 1 without the end cap plate 3. As shown, a weir plate 23 may be provided underneath the end cap plate 3. The weir plate 23 may comprise a number of circumferentially-spaced openings theretherough, each defining a portion of effluent exit ports 4 and being aligned with openings through the end cap plate 3. The openings extending through the weir plate 23 may have a radially-outer edge that defines a weir 31. Behind the weir plate 23 may be an annular shroud extending generally perpendicularly and/or axially from the weir plate 23. A lamellae pack assembly 11 (e.g., a lamella cartridge) may be provided behind the weir plate 23 adjacent one, some, or each of the effluent exit ports 4, without limitation.

[0068] Turning now to FIGS. 4 and 5, with weir plate 23 shown to be removed for clarity, it can be seen that a plurality of lamellae pack assemblies 11 may be situated between side baffles 25 behind the weir plate 23. For example, the side baffles 25 may extend radially-inwardly from the annular shroud 26 and form an integral portion thereof. A backing plate 27 may be provided behind the side baffles and may extend radially-inwardly from the shroud 26. The backing plate 27 may form an integral part of the annular shroud 26, without limitation.

[0069] FIG. 6 depicts the assembly seen in FIGS. 4 and 5, with the shroud 26 and side baffles 25 re-moved for clarity and better understanding. Here, it can be seen that the lamellae pack as-semblies may be mounted to the backing plate 27 in a rear-mounting configuration. One

or more securement features 28 may be provided to the backing plate 27. These securement features 28 may be configured to be complementary with and/or align with one or more securement features provided to the lamellae pack assemblies 11. Non-limiting examples of securement features 28 may include, without limitation, one or more locking tabs, one or more fasteners, adhesive or welds between the backing plate 27 and lamellae pack assemblies, or one or more mechanical mounting mechanisms for attaching the lamellae pack assemblies 11 to the backing plate 27. Any means for mounting known in the art may be employed; however, as depicted, such means may comprise securement features provided as simple holes in the backing plate 27 for engagement with fasteners, wherein the holes in the backing plate 27 align with respective mounting holes 11b provided to portions of the lamellae pack assemblies 11. This may be made clearer from FIG. 7, which depicts a lamellae pack assembly 11 comprising mounting holes 11b provided to a mounting flange 11a, the mounting flange 11a being configured to rest against a back side of the backing plate 27 and the mounting holes 11b being configured to align with the one or more securement features 28 provided to the backing plate 27.

[0070] As can be inferred from FIG. 6, the one or more lamellae pack assemblies 11 may be situated in respective outer cutout/lamellae pack receiving portions 29 of the backing plate 27. These outer cutout/lamellae pack receiving portions 29 may be positioned along a periphery of the backing plate 27 and circumferentially-aligned with effluent exit ports 4 for providing a clearance for the lamellae pack assemblies 11 to be seated.

[0071] Turning now to FIGS. 7-10, a lamellae pack assembly/cartridge 11 may comprise a body 11c defined by a plurality of closely-spaced lamella plates 11d extending between a mounting flange 11a and an end face 11e. The lamella plates 11d preferably extend generally perpendicularly between the mounting flange 11a and end face 11e, and are preferably parallel to one another. Moreover, the lamella plates 11d are configured to extend obliquely, relative to a radial from the central axis of rotation 21, such that the lamellae surfaces provide a positive or negative angle of attack for flows in a purely radial direction with respect to the central axis of rotation 21. Each lamellae pack assembly/cartridge 11 may comprise a flow entry side 11f for receiving a flow between the lamella plates 11d, and a flow discharge side 11g for discharging a flow from between the lamella plates 11d. The flow entry side 11f is located radially-outward of the flow discharge side 11g when installed, in relation to the scroll assembly 1 and with respect to its central axis of rotation 21.

[0072] To improve fabrication, reduce manufacturing costs, or facilitate construction of the lamellae pack assemblies 11, lamella plates 11d may be configured with lamella tab portions 11i that align with and are complimentarily received by respective slits or slots 11h in the mounting flange 11a and end face 11e of each assembly 11. A welding or adhesion process may follow to permanently secure the lamella plates 11d to the mounting flange 11a and end face 11e. It should be understood that interference fits may be provided between the slits/slots 11h and lamella tab portions 11i, and that other alternative means for fabrication may be utilized.

[0073] The scroll assembly 1 is situated within a bowl 30 and rotates about its central axis of rotation 21 by virtue of being supported by one or more bushings, bearings, or journals 20. The bowl 30 and scroll assembly 1 may be independent from one another and may rotate at slightly different rotational speeds.

[0074] Turning now to FIGS. 13 and 14, as the scroll assembly 1 and bowl 30 are rotated, centrifugated slurry 32 from the inner chamber 39 gets flung radially-outwardly against bowl 30. A stratified layer of solids 37 remains adjacent an inner surface of the bowl 30, and a stratified layer of liquids 33 migrates radially-inwardly due to gravitational forces and a differences in specific gravity/density between the solid and liquid fractions of the centrifugated slurry 32.

[0075] The liquids fraction 33 migrates axially towards the shroud 26 and eventually finds openings therethrough. Radially-inwardly-migrating liquid fraction 34 proceeds to enter through the flow entry sides 11f of the lamellae pack assemblies 11 and proceed radially-inwardly and over the weirs 31 into the effluent exit ports 4 before being discharged from the centrifuge 100. The radially-inwardly-migrating liquid fraction 34 typically will contain some entrained fine solids, and these entrained fine solids increase turbidity of the discharged clarified liquids 36.

[0076] However, by virtue of the inclined channels formed between the lamella plates 11d, the unwanted fines are inhibited from further radial-inward migration through the lamellae pack assemblies 11. Thus, radially-outwardly-migrating fine solids 35 (between Lamella plates 11d) which were previously entrained in the radially-inwardly-migrating liquid fraction 34 are biased away from the flow discharge sides 11g of the lamellae pack assemblies 11 and are forced to migrate back through the flow entry sides 11f of the lamellae pack assemblies 11 from which they came. These rejected fines eventually re-combine with the solids strata 37 along the bowl 30 and progress towards the solids discharge end 8 of the centrifuge 100.

[0077] In short, by providing one or more lamellae pack assemblies 11 near a liquid discharge end 9 of a scroll assembly 1, turbidity of the discharged clarified liquids 36 may be reduced. Moreover, when combined with the open axial effluent pathways 19 defined by the floating screw/ribbon flight 7, less turbulence occurs between the scroll 2 and bowl 3 synergistically contributing to less fine solids entrainment, lower turbidity of liquid effluent products, and higher solids recovery of a centrifuge 100.

[0078] In some embodiments, the lamella plates 11d of the lamellae plate assembly 11 may comprise inclined plates having 60 to 80 degrees of incline with respect to a radial extending perpendic-ularly from a central axis of rotation 21 of the scroll assembly 1, for example, approximately

70 degrees (+5 degrees), without limitation.

[0079] In some embodiments, the lamella plates 11d may have a plate gap (i.e., spacing between lamella plates 11d) of between approximately 1 to 30 mm, for example, a plate gap of approximately 2 to 6 mm, without limitation. The lamella plates 11d are preferably parallel to each other with little skew.

[0080] A water fraction/liquid component 33 of slurry is pulled into the lamella plate assembly 11 from flow entry side 11f to flow discharge side 11g. As the water fraction/liquid component 33 passes through the plate gaps between the lamella plates 11d, a solid-liquid separation occurs by virtue of the angled lamella plates impeding the radially-inward movement of fine particles. Fines that are entrained in the water fraction/liquid component 33 of slurry move radially inwardly, but contact surfaces of the lamella plates 11d in the channels formed therebetween (by plate gaps), and find resistance and slide back radially outwardly towards bowl 30 due to centrifugal forces. Clarified water/liquid is discharged through the flow discharge end 11g at the radially inward section of the plates, and passes through a weir section. In the embodiment depicted in FIGS. 16-20, the weir section may comprise a weir 31 which is formed by a portion (e.g., edge or rim) of mounting plate 11a, without limitation.

[0081] In the embodiment depicted in FIGS. 6-14, the weir section may comprise a weir 31 which is formed by a portion (e.g., edge or rim) of back plate 11e, and/or weir plate 23, without limi-tation.

[0082] Small diameter solid particles pulled into the lamellae pack assembly 11 and between the lamella plates 11d are subject to the velocity of the water flow in the channels therebetween. The radially-inward component of the velocity of the water flow in the channels lifts the particles away from bowl 30 and towards the flow discharge side 11g of the lamella plate assembly 11. However, the very large centrifugal g forces acting radially-outwardly on the particles causes the small diameter particles to hit an inclined surface of the lamella plates 11d and cause it to slide out the lamella channel entry point. Thus, many small diameter solid particles exit back through the flow entry side 11f from which they entered, and preferably re-consolidate with the solid strata 37 formed adjacent the bowl 30.

[0083] Previously, with prior art designs, non-floating screw flight designs within the first section 16 created some turbulence when liquids were trying to get to the weir 31 for discharge from the centrifuge 100. This turbulence could have the potential to pull large quantities of particles (e.g., approximately 0.045 mm particles) out of the solids bed 37 and be discharged through the weir 31 with the discharged clarified liquids 36.

[0084] The unique floating screw flight 7 design, and its location (i.e., near the first end 9 of the scroll) reduces local turbulence of flows and allows any fine solids discharging from the lamella to settle easily on the solids bed formed near surfaces of bowl 30. Also, the floating ribbon flight 7 design easily allows a smaller blade section to be run under the lamella entrance section 11f to prevent build up from the discharge of fines.

[0085] As suggested from FIGS. 19 and 20, it should be understood that features of the disclosed embodiments may be practiced with screenbowls (FIG. 19), as well as with solidbowls (FIG. 20), without limitation.

[0086] It should be known that the specific features, functions, process steps, and possible benefits shown and described herein in detail are purely exemplary in nature and should not limit the spirit and/or scope of the invention.

[0087] Moreover, although the invention has been described in terms of particular embodiments and applications, one of ordinary skill in the art, in light of these teachings, can generate additional embodiments and modifications without departing from the spirit of the claimed invention.

[0088] Accordingly, it is to be understood that the drawings and descriptions herein are proffered by way of example to facilitate comprehension of the invention and should not be construed to limit the scope thereof.

LISTING OF REFERENCE NUMERALS

[0089] 1 Scroll assembly [0090] 2 Scroll [0091] 3 End cap plate [0092] 4 Effluent exit ports [0093] 5 Pipe [0094] 6 Screw/ribbon flight (tapered) [0095] 7 Floating screw/ribbon flight [0096] 8 Second end (solids discharge end) [0097] 9 First end (effluent discharge end) [0098] 10 Slurry infeed opening [0099] 11 Lamellae pack assembly/cartridge [0100] 11a Mounting flange [0101] 11b Mounting hole [0102] 11c Body [0103] 11d Lamella plate [0104] 11e End face [0105] 11f Flow entry side [0106] 11g Flow discharge side [0107] 11h Slit/slot [0108] 11i Lamella tab portions [0109] 12 Standoff(s) [0110] 13 Raised seat [0111] 14 Slurry openings [0112] 15 Screw/ribbon flight (discharge) [0113] 16 First section [0114] 17 Middle section [0115] 18 Second section [0116] 19 Open axial effluent pathways [0117] 20 Bushing/bearing/journal [0118] 21 Central axis of rotation [0119] 22 Inner baffle [0120] 23 Weir plate [0121] 24 Scroll wall [0122] 25 Side baffles [0123] 26 Shroud [0124] 27 Backing plate [0125] 28 Securement features (e.g., locking tabs, fasteners, adhesive, or mounting mechanism) [0126] 29 Outer cutout/lamellae pack receiving portion [0127] 30 Bowl [0128] 31 Weir [0129] 32 Centrifuged slurry [0130] 33 Liquid fraction strata (furthest from Bowl 30) [0131] 34 Radially-inwardly-migrating liquid fraction [0132] 35 Radially-outwardly-migrating entrained fine solids (between Lamella plates 11d) [0133] 36 Discharged clarified liquids [0134] 37 Solid fraction strata (close to Bowl 30) [0135] 38 Solid-liquid interface [0136] 39 Inner chamber [0137] 40 Slurry opening [0138] 100 Centrifuge