Supplemental lighting method for vertical multi-layer cultivation of wrapper tobacco leaves

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a supplemental lighting method for vertical multi-layer cultivation of wrapper tobacco leaves, including the following steps: providing multi-layer vertical facilities, facilities including at least one cultivation rack having a plurality of layers; and providing supplemental lighting systems to each rack layer. For each rack layer the light intensity and light quality provided by the corresponding supplemental lighting system are set respectively according to a determined growth phase of the tobacco leaves during the cultivation process. The process includes cultivation of tobacco leaves through growth phases comprising a clumping period, a vigorous growth period, and a maturity period. During the clumping period, the light intensity provided comprises a first light intensity setting. During the vigorous growth period, the light intensity provided comprises a third light intensity setting. During the maturity period, the light intensity provided comprises a second light intensity setting.

Claims

1. A supplemental lighting method for vertical multi-layer cultivation of wrapper tobacco leaves comprising: providing multi-layer vertical facilities, the multi-layer vertical facilities including at least one cultivation rack having a plurality of vertical layers; providing supplemental lighting systems to each rack layer, wherein for each rack layer the light intensity and light quality provided by the corresponding supplemental lighting system are set respectively according to a determined growth phase of the tobacco leaves during the cultivation process, wherein the process includes cultivation of tobacco leaves through growth phases comprising a clumping period, a vigorous growth period, and a maturity period; during the clumping period, the light intensity provided comprises a first light intensity setting; during the vigorous growth period, the light intensity provided comprises a third light intensity setting; and during the maturity period, the light intensity provided comprises a second light intensity setting; wherein the first light intensity setting is between 10-14 mol.Math.m.sup.2.Math.s.sup.1, the second light intensity setting is between 14-18 mol.Math.m.sup.2.Math.s.sup.1, and the third light intensity setting is between 18-22 mol.Math.m.sup.2.Math.s.sup.1; and the light quality of each supplemental lighting system is obtained by providing a combination of at least two of red, blue, green, and yellow light.

2. The supplemental lighting method for vertical multi-layer cultivation of wrapper tobacco leaves according to claim 1, wherein the light quality combinations comprise a first light quality, a second light quality, and a third light quality; wherein the first light quality comprises 45%-65% blue light and 35%-55% red light; the second light quality comprises 50%-70% blue light, 20%-40% red light, and 5%-15% green light; and the third light quality comprises 25%-40% blue light, 25%-35% red light, 20%-35% green light, and 5%-15% yellow light.

3. The supplemental lighting method for vertical multi-layer cultivation of wrapper tobacco leaves according to claim 2, wherein during the clumping period the light quality comprises the first light quality; in the vigorous growth period the light quality comprises the second light quality; and in the maturity period the light quality comprises the third light quality.

4. The supplemental lighting method for vertical multi-layer cultivation of wrapper tobacco leaves according to claim 1, wherein the supplemental lighting system comprises a light source selected from at least one of lamp strips with LED light sources, lamp tubes with LED light sources, alloy tungsten lamps, and alloy sodium lamps.

5. The supplemental lighting method for vertical multi-layer cultivation of wrapper tobacco leaves according to claim 4, wherein providing the supplemental lighting system includes providing a lighting schedule in a day-night cycle comprising: 12 hours to 16 hours day cycle and 8 hours to 12 hours night cycle.

6. The supplemental lighting method for vertical multi-layer cultivation of wrapper tobacco leaves according to claim 1, wherein vertical spacing between adjacent rack layers is between 1.6 m-2.4 m.

7. The supplemental lighting method for vertical multi-layer cultivation of wrapper tobacco leaves according to claim 1, wherein the multi-layer vertical facilities include a system for controlling temperature and relative humidity within the facility; said system configured to maintain a control temperature between 20 C. to 30 C. and a relative air humidity between 65% to 85%.

8. The supplemental lighting method for vertical multi-layer cultivation of wrapper tobacco leaves according to claim 1, wherein the wrapper tobacco cultivation system comprises at least one of a hydroponic system, a substrate culture system, a planting bag dropper system, and a pipeline vertical cultivation system.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

(1) The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present disclosure, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only part embodiments of the present disclosure, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present disclosure, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without making creative work belong to the scope of protection of the present disclosure.

(2) If no special description is made in the following embodiments and comparative embodiments, the transplanting and planting process of cigar tobacco plants is carried out using conventional tobacco cultivation technology, which can be implemented with reference to the technical content of cigar cultivation in Section 5 of Chapter 20 of China Tobacco Cultivation (edited by the Tobacco Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, November 2005). embodiments and comparative embodiments methods that do not specify specific conditions are usually in accordance with the general conditions and the conditions described in the manual, or in accordance with the conditions recommended by the manufacturer, and the general equipment, materials, reagents, etc., used can generally be obtained commercially unless otherwise specified.

(3) In addition, the terms the first, the second, the third are used for only descriptive purposes and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

Example 1

(4) The supplemental lighting method for wrapper tobacco cultivation provided in this embodiment is a wrapper tobacco planting experiment carried out in Enshi greenhouse in Hubei Province in 2023, the wrapper tobacco variety is CX-26, and the cultivation system adopts a two-layer vertical nutrient solution cultivation system.

(5) The planting system of the production facility includes a two-layer vertical cultivation rack, a nutrient solution trough, a planting pot, a culture substrate, a nutrient solution and accessories.

(6) The seedling, transplanting, harvesting process and requirements of cigar tobacco in this experiment are as follows:

(7) 1. Seedling

(8) According to the implementation of conventional tobacco floating technical specifications, the seedling age is about 55 days, the quality of tobacco seedlings reaches the stem height of 9-12 cm, the stem straight stem 5 mm, the functional leaves (true leaves) 4-6 Piece, the root system is developed, and the group growth is strong and neat.

(9) 2. Transplanting

(10) (1) Basic Equipment and Material Requirements

(11) Cultivation mode: the cultivation mode of two-layer steel rack vertical nutrient solution culture is adopted, and the spacing between the upper and lower layers is 2.0 m.

(12) Planting pot: PS material horticultural planting pot, upper diameter 16 cm, lower diameter 13 cm, height 17.5 cm, the bottom has a plurality of hollow round holes with a diameter of 0.60.1 cm.

(13) Culture substrate: the current general peat-type substrate (mixed with peat, perlite and vermiculite, 0.7 kg/pot on a dry basis), rotted cake fertilizer (prepared according to a dry basis of 0.07 kg/plant), the substrate is moistened with an appropriate amount of water and mixed into pots to reach 1 kg/pot (including pot weight).

(14) Nutrient solution trough: the basic support of the nutrient solution trough is made with an extruded plastic board, the clearance size in the trough is 17 cm deep and 20 cm wide, the net length of a single trough is 4.5 m, the spacing between the planting plants is 45 cm, and the row spacing (i.e., the longitudinal center wheeldistance of the adjacent nutrient solution trough) is 1.0 m, that is, 10 wrapper tobacco plants are planted in each trough; the nutrient solution trough is paved with anti-seepage membrane, and a foam strip or wooden square with a width of 4 cm and a height of 6 cm is placed under the membrane to support the planting pot and provide space for root extension; in addition, each nutrient solution trough is equipped with basic accessories such as an inflatable pump and a pump-end filter pocket for circulating suction of nutrient solution.

(15) Nutrient solution cover plate: in order to prevent the nutrient solution from growing algae and germs due to direct sunlight, a cover plate that blocks sunlight should be added to the nutrient solution trough and placed on the periphery of the planting pot.

(16) The basic conditions of the greenhouse: the clearance height is 4.5 m, the single-span size is 8 m*45 m, the top of the greenhouse is a solid sunlight board made of FRP material (2 mm thick), there is an inner sunshade net, an external sunshade net and a spare cooling water curtain system, and there is an electric fan to ensure air circulation and a PS material canopy film that can be rolled up for ventilation around.

(17) (2) Transplanting Operation

(18) Mix the substrate and put the pot: evenly mix the rotted cake fertilizer into the conventional seedling substrate, and then put the pot, the substrate is flat and should not be over-compacted; after potting, gently place the planting pot on the planting bracket.

(19) Perfusion of nutrient solution: the perfusion depth is 3-4.5 cm below the bottom of the customized pot.

(20) Deep planting: the transplanting of tobacco seedlings is based on the planting pots of tobacco seedlings, and the transplanting depth reaches the center of tobacco seedlings and the upper surface of the culture substrate.

(21) Post-planting management: before and after the clumping periods, a bib is needed, that is, to supplement the substrate defect at the base of the stem caused by natural sedimentation, and it is advisable to cover the base of the stem until the bib is basically full.

(22) (3) Preparation and Application of Nutrient Solution

(23) The large and medium elements required for the growth of the wrapper tobacco are prepared and applied according to Table 1, pay attention to the liquid level, supplement the nutrient solution every 6-10 days, and the concentration of the nutrient solution is consistent with the concentration of the nutrient solution in the stage of operation, and make up to the height of the original liquid level; on the 81st day of transplanting, the nutrient solution was emptied and replaced with the same amount of water, and then the water was replenished every 6-10 days, which was also made up to the height of the original liquid level. Iron salt stock solution and microelement stock solution were prepared according to Table 2, 0-20 days after transplanting the dose of 2.5 mL of iron salt stock solution and 5 mL of microelement stock solution were added to each liter of working solution was applied synchronously with large and medium elements 21-60 days after transplanting, the dose of 7.5 mL of iron salt stock solution and 15 mL of microelement stock solution were added to each liter of working solution was applied synchronously with large and medium elements. 61-80 days after transplanting, the dose of 5 mL of iron salt stock solution and 10 mL of microelement stock solution were added to each liter of working solution was applied synchronously with large and medium elements.

(24) TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 formulations of large and medium elements in the nutrient solution of wrapper tobacco growth at different growth periods Nutrient solution concentration (mg/L) 0-20 d after 21-60 d after 61-80 d after 81 d after trans- trans- trans- trans- Salt planting planting planting planting Calcium nitrat 272 816 544 0 (Ca(NO.sub.3).sub.24H.sub.2O) Potassium nitrate 380 1140 760 0 (KNO.sub.3) Potassium 108 324 216 0 phosphate monobasic (KH.sub.2PO.sub.4) Triammonium 54 162 108 0 phosphate ((NH.sub.4).sub.3PO.sub.4) Magnesium 246 738 492 0 sulfate (MgSO.sub.47H.sub.2O)

(25) TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 formulations of iron salts and trace elements used in nutrient solutions Weighing/ Category Salt Concentration Iron salt stock Ferrous sulfate (FeSO.sub.47H.sub.2O) 2.78 g solution, 500 Disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic 3.73 g ml, 0.02 mol/L, acid (EDTA-2Na2H2O) pH = 5.5 Potassium iodide (KI) 0.83 mg/L Microelement Boric acid (H.sub.3BO.sub.3) 11.0 mg/L stock solution Manganese sulfate (MnSO.sub.44H.sub.2O) 22.3 mg/L Zinc sulfate (ZnSO.sub.47H.sub.2O) 8.6 mg/L Sodium molybdate (Na.sub.2MoO.sub.42H.sub.2O) 0.25 mg/L Copper sulphate (CuSO.sub.45H.sub.2O) 0.025 mg/L Cobalt chloride (CoCl.sub.26H.sub.2O) 0.025 mg/L
(4) Light Control

(26) Based on the two-layer vertical facilities cultivation mode of the present embodiment, the lamp strips with LED light sources supplemental lighting system is built on the lower floor, and the light intensity and light quality of the light source system before installation need to be debugged to meet the following control requirements and implement the supplemental lighting operation: the light intensity in the clumping periods (initial transplanting-the 30th day after transplanting), the vigorous growth periods (the 31th day after transplanting-the 55th day after transplanting) and the maturity periods (the 55th day after transplanting-the 110th days after transplanting (i.e., harvest completed)) of wrapper tobacco leaves growth were 12 mol.Math.m.sup.2.Math.s.sup.1, 20 mol.Math.m.sup.2.Math.s.sup.1, 16 mol.Math.m.sup.2.Math.s.sup.1 respectively, and the light quality composition of the three periods of clumping periods, the vigorous growth periods and maturity periods were set to B+R (i.e., 50% blue light+50% red light), B+R+G (i.e. 60% blue light+30% red light+10% green light), B+R+G+Y (i.e. 30% blue light+30% red light+30% green light+10% yellow light) respectively, according to such a combination of light intensity and light quality for supplemental lighting. Each light source lamp strips is horizontally installed directly above the tobacco plant, and the lamp strips is parallel to the direction of the tobacco plant, and the illumination distance is 30 cm, that is, the hanging height of the lamp will be dynamically adjusted with the growth of the tobacco plant. Day-night cycle with supplemental lighting is 12 hours during the day and 12 hours during the night. The power control of the light source system adopts ZDE-4000 electrical control box, which contains a control loop of 4000 W power control high-power input, which can meet the total power supply of air opening control and timer control loop.

(27) (5) Control of Cultivation Environmental Factors within the Production Facilities System

(28) Temperature and humidity control: maintain the air temperature in the facilities at 255 C. and the relative humidity of the air at 75%10%; when the air temperature in the facilities exceeds 35 C. and the relative humidity of the air exceeds 85%, ventilation and window opening should be used in time to achieve cooling and dehumidification.

(29) Pest and disease control: give priority to the use of insect nets, and in principle, if the root and stem do not diseases, no pesticides will be applied; the process medication is mainly spraying cyhalothrin 1000 times for site sanitization and prevention of underground pests, spraying 500 times of Baolik and methamethanine to prevent and control rhizome diseases, spraying 2000 times of imidacloprid to control aphid.

(30) Tobacco plant stability guarantee: the tobacco plant stalk is fixed in the form of a single plant and a single line or a single row and two lines.

(31) (6) Topping and Leaf Retention and Mature Harvesting

(32) Topping and leaf retention: topping at the early flowering periods, and retain 19 effective leaves, and apply tobacco universal bud inhibitor on the same day after topping.

(33) Mature harvesting: the lower leaves (foot leaves containing economic value) are harvested on the 65th day after transplanting, and the interval between the two adjacent harvests is 12-18 days, that is, the five harvests are separated by 12 days, 14 days, 16 days and 18 days respectively.

Comparative Example 1

(34) The supplemental lighting method for wrapper tobacco cultivation provided in this comparative embodiment is basically consistent with example 1, except that no supplemental lighting is carried out, and other management measures are the same as in example 1.

Comparative Example 2

(35) The supplemental lighting method for wrapper tobacco cultivation provided in this comparative embodiment is basically consistent with example 1, except that the agricultural general sodium lamp is used to supplement the light in the clumping periods, the vigorous growth periods and the maturity periods, and the light intensity is always 20 mol.Math.m.sup.2.Math.s.sup.1, other management measures are the same as in example 1.

Comparative Example 3

(36) The supplemental lighting method for wrapper tobacco cultivation provided in this comparative embodiment is basically consistent with example 1, except that the light quality is B+R (i.e., 50% blue light+50% red light) in the clumping periods, the vigorous growth periods and the maturity periods, and the light intensity is always 12 mol.Math.m.sup.2.Math.s 1, other management measures are the same as in example 1.

Comparative Example 4

(37) The supplemental lighting method for wrapper tobacco cultivation provided in this comparative embodiment is basically consistent with example 1, except that the light quality is B+R+G (i.e., 60% blue light+30% red light+10% green light) in the clumping periods, the vigorous growth periods and the maturity periods, and the light intensity is always 20 mol.Math.m.sup.2.Math.s.sup.1, other management measures are the same as in example 1.

Comparative Example 5

(38) The supplemental lighting method for wrapper tobacco cultivation provided in this comparative embodiment is basically consistent with example 1, except that the light quality is B+R+G+Y (i.e., 30% blue light+30% red light+30% green light+10% yellow light) in the clumping periods, the vigorous growth periods and the maturity periods, and the light intensity is always 16 mol.Math.m.sup.2.Math.s.sup.1, other management measures are the same as in example 1.

(39) Performance Testing of the Wrapper Tobacco

(40) The yield rate of wrapper tobacco and appearance quality were tested in accordance with the methods specified in the Hubei Provincial Local Standard Quality Specification for Cigar Tobacco Grades DB 42/T 1549-2023; the tensile strength of tobacco leaves was measured by an M250-2.5 CT tensile machine (produced by KARL in Germany), and the test objects were tobacco leaves planted with light in the lower layer. The results are shown in Table 3 below:

(41) TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 the yield rate of wrapper tobacco and key quality performance results of wrapper tobacco The yield rate of Vigorous wrapper Clumping growth Maturity tobacco Wrapper tobacco key Dispose periods periods periods (%) quality performance Example LED lamp LED lamp LED lamp 63.46 The leaf thickness is 51.5 1 strips: strips: strips: light m, the branch veins are light light quality B + R + fine, the oil content is quality B + quality B + G + Y (i.e., 30 more, the leaf surface is R (i.e. R + G % blue light + flat, and the color 50% blue (i.e., 60% 30% red light + uniformity is uniform; the light + 50 blue light + 30% green tensile force of tobacco % red 30% light + 10% leaves is 1.215N. light), red light + yellow light), light 10% light intensity intensity green 16 12 mol .Math. light), mol .Math. m.sup.2 .Math. S.sup.1 m.sup.2 .Math. S.sup.1 light intensity 20 mol .Math. m.sup.2 .Math. S.sup.1 Compara- Agricultural general sodium lamp: light 35.81 The leaf thickness is 60.9 tive quality visible light full spectrum, light m, the branch veins are Example intensity 20 mol .Math. m.sup.2 .Math. S.sup.1 comparatively thicker, the 1 oil content is more, the leaf surface is comparatively flat, and the color uniformity is comparatively uniform; the tensile force of tobacco leaves is 1.006 N. Compara- No supplemental lighting 22.70 The leaf thickness is 41.2 tive m, the branch veins are Example fine, the oil content is 2 slightly, the leaf surface is flat, and the color uniformity is uniform; the tensile force of tobacco leaves is 0.925N. Compara- LED lamp strips: light quality B + R (i.e., 41.37 The leaf thickness is 46.7 tive 50% blue light + 50% red light), light m, the branch veins are Example intensity 12 mol .Math. m.sup.2 .Math. S.sup.1 fine, the oil content is 3 present, the leaf surface is flat, and the color uniformity is uniform; the tensile force of tobacco leaves is 1.104N. Compara- LED lamp strips: light quality B + R + G 38.41 The leaf thickness is 64.8 tive (i.e., 60% blue light + 30% red light + m, the branch veins are Example 10% green light), light intensity 20 comparatively fine - 4 mol .Math. m.sup.2 .Math. S.sup.1 thicker, the oil content is more, the leaf surface is flat - comparatively flat, and the color uniformity is comparatively uniform; the tensile force of tobacco leaves is 1.097N. Compara- LED lamp strips: light quality B + R + 54.22 The leaf thickness is 48.1 tive G + Y (i.e., 30% blue light + 30% red m, the branch veins are Example light + 30% green light + 10% yellow light), fine - comparatively, the 5 light intensity 16 mol .Math. m.sup.2 .Math. S.sup.1 oil content is present, the leaf surface is flat, and the color uniformity is uniform; the tensile force of tobacco leaves is 1.110N.

(42) As can be seen from Table 3, by comparing the investigation index of the embodiment and comparative embodiment, it can be found that the yield rate of wrapper tobacco and key quality index of the precise supplemental lighting method for improving the yield rate of the facilities cultivated wrapper tobacco provided in the embodiment 1 of the present disclosure are significantly better than those of the traditional production method (comparative example 1-2). In example 1, the yield rate of wrapper tobacco reaches 63.46%, the wrapper tobacco leaf branch vein is fine, the oil content is more, the leaf surface is flat, the color uniformity is uniform, and the tensile force of tobacco leaves reaches 1.215 N; compared with the non-supplemental lighting of comparative example 2, the yield rate of wrapper tobacco was increased by more than 41%, the tensile force of tobacco leaves was increased by 31%, and the comprehensive quality of tobacco leaves was significantly improved; Compared with the agricultural general sodium lamp is used to supplement the light of comparative example 1, the yield rate of wrapper tobacco was increased by more than 28%, the tensile force of tobacco leaves was increased by 21%, and the comprehensive quality of tobacco leaves was also significantly improved. The comparative example of other single light quality or constant light intensity can also improve the yield rate of wrapper to a certain extent, but the comprehensive improvement effect is obviously weaker than that of example 1; in addition, due to the light guarantee of the supplemental lighting measures, the vertical planting of more than two layers can be fully realized, that is, the utilization rate of the facilities space can be increased by more than 100%.

(43) It should be noted that the above embodiments all belong to the same invention concept, and the descriptions of each embodiments have their own emphasis, and where the descriptions are not exhaustive in the individual embodiments, reference can be made to the descriptions in other embodiments.

(44) The above embodiments only express the embodiment of the present disclosure, and its description is more specific and detailed, but it cannot be understood as a restriction on the scope of the disclosure. It should be noted that for a person skilled in the art, a number of deformations and improvements can be made without departing from the conception of the present invention, which are within the scope of protection of the present disclosure. Therefore, the scope of protection of the disclosure shall be subject to the attached claims.