PROTECTIVE ASSEMBLY FOR A HUMAN TORSO TO BE WORN DURING A CONTACT SPORT

Abstract

A protective torso assembly to be worn by a player engaged in a contact sport, includes an outer protective member assembly including left and right front chest members having upper recessed segments and left and right arch members having frontal portions coupled to the chest members by flexible couplers such that said frontal portions overlie the upper recessed segments. When the protective torso assembly is in a neutral state, a first reference point of the frontal portion of the left arch member is positioned a first distance from a second reference point of the recessed segment of the left chest member. When the protective torso assembly is in an extended state, the left arch member pivots about the recessed segment of the left chest member, whereby the first reference point is positioned a second distance from the second reference point, the second distance being greater than the first distance.

Claims

1. A protective torso assembly to be worn by a player engaged in the play or practice of a contact sport, the protective torso assembly comprising: an outer protective member assembly including: (i) a left front chest member having an upper recessed segment, (ii) a right front chest member having an upper recessed segment, (iii) a left arch member having a frontal portion that is coupled to the chest member by a flexible coupler assembly such that said frontal portion overlies the upper recessed segment of the left chest member; and (iv) a right arch member having a frontal portion that is coupled to the chest member by a flexible coupler assembly such that said frontal portion overlies the upper recessed segment of the right chest member; an inner energy attenuation assembly releasably connected to the outer protective member assembly; wherein when the torso protective assembly is in a neutral state, a first reference point of the frontal portion of the left arch member is positioned a first distance from a second reference point of the recessed segment of the left chest member; and wherein when the torso protective assembly is in an extended state, the left arch member pivots about the recessed segment of the left chest member, whereby the first reference point is positioned a second distance from the second reference point, the second distance being greater than the first distance.

2. The protective torso assembly of claim 1, wherein in the extended state, an external region of the frontal portion of the left arch member resides external to (outward of) the recessed segment of the left member.

3. The protective torso assembly of claim 2, wherein in the extended state, an internal region of the frontal portion of the left arch member resides internal to (inward of) the recessed segment of the left member.

4. The protective torso assembly of claim 1, wherein in the neutral state, a first frontal interface region is formed by the frontal portion of the left arch member overlying the upper recessed segment of the front member.

5. The protective torso assembly of claim 4, wherein in the extended state, a second frontal interface region is formed by the frontal portion of the left arch member overlying the upper recessed segment of the front member, and wherein the second interface region has dimensions that are less than dimensions of the first interface region.

6. The protective torso assembly of claim 5, wherein the dimensions of the first frontal interface region define a surface area of the first interface region and the dimensions of the second frontal interface region define a surface area, and wherein the surface area of the second frontal interface region is less than the surface areas of the first frontal interface region.

7. The protective torso assembly of claim 1, wherein the first reference point is located at a lowermost edge of the frontal portion of the left arch member.

8. The protective torso assembly of claim 7, wherein the first reference point is located at a midpoint of the lowermost edge of the frontal portion of the left arch member.

9. The protective torso assembly of claim 7, wherein the second reference point is located at a side wall of the recessed segment of the left chest member.

10. The protective torso assembly of claim 9, wherein the second reference point is located at a midpoint of the side wall of the recessed segment of the left chest member.

11. The protective torso assembly of claim 1, wherein each of the left and right front chest member includes a side wall that provides a transition between the recessed segment and a main segment of the chest member that is not recessed.

12. The protective torso assembly of claim 1, wherein each of the left and right front chest member includes a side wall that defines a corrugation between the recessed segment and a main segment of the chest member that is not recessed.

13. The protective torso assembly of claim 1, wherein the outer protective member assembly also includes: (v) a left rear back member having an upper recessed segment that is coupled to a rear portion of the left arch member by a flexible coupler assembly such that said rear portion of the left arch member overlies the upper recessed segment of the left rear back member, and (vi) a right rear back member having an upper recessed segment that is coupled to a rear portion of the right arch member by a flexible coupler assembly such that said rear portion of the right arch member overlies the upper recessed segment of the right rear back member.

14. The protective torso assembly of claim 13, wherein in the extended state, an external region of the rear portion of the left arch member resides outward of the recessed segment of the left rear back member.

15. The protective torso assembly of claim 14, wherein in the extended state, an internal region of the rear portion of the left arch member resides inward of the recessed segment of the left rear back member.

16. The protective torso assembly of claim 13, wherein in the neutral state, a first rear interface region is formed by the rear portion of the left arch member overlying the upper recessed segment of the rear back member.

17. The protective torso assembly of claim 16, wherein in the extended state, a second rear interface region is formed by the rear portion of the left arch member overlying the upper recessed segment of the rear back member, and wherein the second rear interface region has dimensions that are less than dimensions of the first rear interface region.

18. The protective torso assembly of claim 17, wherein the dimensions of the first rear interface region define a surface area of the first rear interface region and the dimensions of the second rear interface region define a surface area, and wherein the surface area of the second rear interface region is less than the surface areas of the first rear interface region.

19. The protective torso assembly of claim 1, wherein the left arch member includes a raised inner edge collar, and wherein the inner energy attenuation assembly includes a left upper pad member with an upwardly extending inner lip member that resides inwardly adjacent to the raised inner edge collar.

20. The protective torso assembly of claim 1, wherein the outer protective member assembly is formed from a spatial data collection, processing and fitment system that utilizes best fit concepts to select at least one of said members of the outer protective member assembly.

21. The protective torso assembly of claim 20, wherein the inner energy attenuation assembly is formed from a spatial data collection, processing and fitment system that utilizes best fit concepts to select at least one pad of the inner energy attenuation assembly.

22. The protective torso assembly of claim 1, wherein the outer protective member assembly is formed from a spatial data collection, processing and fitment system that utilizes custom fit concepts to design, fabricate and select at least one of said members of the outer protective member assembly.

23. The protective torso assembly of claim 22, wherein the inner energy attenuation assembly is formed from a spatial data collection, processing and fitment system that utilizes custom fit concepts to design, fabricate and select at least one pad of the inner energy attenuation assembly.

24. The protective torso assembly of claim 1, wherein the inner energy attenuation assembly comprises foam pads that are formed from a molding process.

25. The protective torso assembly of claim 1, wherein the inner energy attenuation assembly includes a left front chest pad with a recess that receives an extent of the left front chest member in the neutral state.

26. The protective torso assembly of claim 1, wherein the left arch member includes an internal recess, wherein a substantial extent of said internal recess is occupied by a left arch pad member of the inner energy attenuation assembly.

27. The protective torso assembly of claim 1, wherein the flexible coupler assembly includes a flexible link and a plurality of connector pins, wherein first and second connector pins couple a lower end of the flexible link to an inner surface of the recessed segment of the left front chest member and a third connector pin couples an upper end of the flexible link to an inner surface of the left arch member.

28. The protective torso assembly of claim 27, wherein in the neutral state, the frontal portion of the left arch member obscures from view the location where the first and second connector pins couple the lower end of the flexible link to the recess segment of the left front chest member.

29. The protective torso assembly of claim 27, wherein the flexible link is flexible band formed from a polyester material with one of a TPU or PVC coating, and wherein the flexible band: (i) undergoes elongation from a first length to a second length when the torso protective assembly moves from the neutral state to the extended state, and (ii) then returns to its first length when the torso protective assembly moves from the extended state to the neutral state.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0008] The drawing figures depict one or more implementations in accord with the present teachings, by way of example only, not by way of limitation. In the figures, like reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements.

[0009] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a protective assembly for a human torso in a neutral, pre-impact state, which is comprised of an outer protective member assembly, a securement assembly, and an inner energy attenuation assembly;

[0010] FIG. 2 is a front view of the human torso protective assembly of FIG. 1 showing that: (i) the outer protective member assembly includes: (a) a torso member assembly having left and right upper arch members and left and right front lower members, and (b) left and right shoulder member assemblies, (ii) the securement assembly includes left and right belt assemblies, and (iii) the inner energy attenuation assembly includes left and right upper arch pads, left and right front lower pads, and left and right shoulder pad assemblies;

[0011] FIG. 3 is a rear view of the human torso protective assembly of FIG. 1 showing that: (i) the outer protective member assembly also includes left and right rear lower members, (ii) the securement assembly also includes upper and lower rear straps and associated connectors, and (iii) the inner energy attenuation assembly also includes left and right rear lower pads;

[0012] FIG. 4 is a top view of the human torso protective assembly of FIG. 1 showing that the securement assembly also includes left and right upper bands and associated connectors;

[0013] FIG. 5 is a front view of the human torso protective assembly of FIG. 1;

[0014] FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the human torso protective assembly taken along line 6-6 of FIG. 5;

[0015] FIG. 7 is a zoomed-in view of FIG. 6 showing the central member with a receptacle formed therein for receiving an extent of a central member retaining strap of the securement assembly;

[0016] FIG. 8 is a front view of the human torso protective assembly of FIG. 1;

[0017] FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the human torso protective assembly taken along line 9-9 of FIG. 18;

[0018] FIG. 10 is a zoomed-in view of FIG. showing: (i) an upper connector that underlies an extent of the central member and central pad, and secures an upper front strap to the right front lower member, and (ii) a lower connector that underlies an extent of the central member and central pad, and secures an lower front strap to the right front lower member, and wherein said upper and lower front straps couple the left and right front lower members to one another;

[0019] FIG. 11A is a front view of the human torso protective assembly of FIG. 1 in the neutral state S.sub.N;

[0020] FIG. 11B is a cross-sectional view of the human torso protective assembly in the neutral state S.sub.N and taken along line 11B-11B in FIG. 11A showing the overlapping configuration of the members and pads;

[0021] FIG. 11C is a zoomed-in view of FIG. 11B showing: (i) a pair of connectors and a right link of the securement assembly, wherein the combination of the connectors and the right link are designed to connect the right front lower member and the right upper member, and (ii) the right upper pad and right lower front pad, wherein said pads underlie an extent of the pair of connectors and the right link;

[0022] FIG. 11C is a zoomed-in view of FIG. 11B indicating a first separation distance of the lowermost edge of the front arch portion or first reference point from the interface side wall of the upper externally recessed segment of the front member or a second reference point;

[0023] FIG. 12A is a front view of the human torso protective assembly of FIG. 1 in an extended state;

[0024] FIG. 12B is a cross-sectional view of the human torso protective assembly in the extended state and taken along line 12B-12B in FIG. 12A showing the overlapping configuration of the members and pads;

[0025] FIG. 12C is a zoomed-in view of FIG. 12B showing: (i) a pair of connectors and a right link of the securement assembly, wherein the combination of the connectors and the right link are designed to connect the right front lower member and the right upper member, and (ii) the right upper pad and right lower front pad, wherein said pads underlie an extent of the pair of connectors and the right link;

[0026] FIG. 12C is a zoomed-in view of FIG. 12B indicating a second distance of the lowermost edge of the front arch portion or first reference point from the interface side wall of the upper externally recessed segment of the front member or a second reference point;

[0027] FIG. 13A is a rear view of the human torso protective assembly of FIG. 1 in the neutral state S.sub.N;

[0028] FIG. 13B is a cross-sectional view of the human torso protective assembly in the neutral state S.sub.N and taken along line 13B-13B in FIG. 13A showing the overlapping configuration of the members and pads;

[0029] FIG. 13C is a zoomed-in view of FIG. 13B showing: (i) a pair of connectors and a right link of the securement assembly, wherein the combination of the connectors and the right link are designed to connect the right rear lower member and the right upper member, and (ii) the right upper pad and right lower rear pad, wherein said pads underlie an extent of the pair of connectors and the right link;

[0030] FIG. 13C is a zoomed-in view of FIG. 13B indicating a first separation distance of the lowermost edge of the rear arch portion or first reference point from the interface side wall of the upper externally recessed segment of the rear member or a second reference point;

[0031] FIG. 14A is a rear view of the human torso protective assembly of FIG. 1 in an extended state;

[0032] FIG. 14B is a cross-sectional view of the human torso protective assembly in the extended state and taken along line 14B-14B in FIG. 14A showing the overlapping configuration of the members and pads;

[0033] FIG. 14C is a zoomed-in view of FIG. 14B showing: (i) a pair of connectors and a right rear link of the securement assembly, wherein the combination of the connectors and the right rear link are designed to connect the right rear lower member and the right upper arch member, and (ii) the right upper arch pad and right lower rear pad, wherein said pads underlie an extent of the pair of connectors and the right rear link;

[0034] FIG. 14C is a zoomed-in view of FIG. 14B indicating a second distance of the lowermost edge of the right rear arch portion or first reference point from the interface side wall of the upper externally recessed segment of the right rear member or a second reference point;

[0035] FIG. 15A is a right side view of the human torso protective assembly of FIG. 1;

[0036] FIG. 15B is a cross-sectional view of the human torso protective assembly of FIG. 1 taken along line 15B-15B in FIG. 15A showing the overlapping configuration of the members and pads;

[0037] FIG. 16 is a zoomed-in view of FIG. 15 showing: (i) the right upper member includes a collar and an upper angular corrugation, and (ii) the right upper pad that underlies the right upper member and extends into the upper angular corrugation, (i) the right upper shoulder member includes a lower angular corrugation, (ii) an extent of a right lower band that is configured to secure a right lower shoulder member to the right upper shoulder member, and (iii) a right upper shoulder pad that is positioned between the right lower band and the right upper shoulder member;

[0038] FIG. 17 is a bottom perspective view of the human torso protective assembly of FIG. 1;

[0039] FIG. 18 is a zoomed-in view of FIG. 17 showing a left lower portion of the human torso protective assembly showing that an extent of the left lower front member is positioned in a member recess formed in the left lower front pad;

[0040] FIG. 19 is a rear perspective view of the human torso protective assembly of FIG. 1;

[0041] FIG. 20 a zoomed-in view of FIG. 19 showing a left lower portion of the human torso protective assembly of FIG. 1 showing that the left lower front member and the left lower front pad have a tapered region, and wherein said tapered region forms part of the low-profile configuration of the human torso protective assembly;

[0042] FIG. 21 is a front view of the human torso protective assembly shown in FIG. 1 where certain components of the human torso protective assembly are shown as being transparent for illustrative purposes;

[0043] FIG. 22 is a zoomed-in view of FIG. 21 showing: (i) the right lower front member having an upper frontal interface region that underlies an extent of the right upper member, (ii) and the right link along with three link connectors that interact and function together to secure the lower right front member to the right upper member, and (iii) the right upper pad and lower right front pad;

[0044] FIG. 23 is a zoomed-in view of FIG. 21 showing: (i) the left lower front member having an a central interface region that underlies an extent of the central member, (ii) the central retaining strap that secures the central member between the left and right lower front members, and (iii) the upper and lower front straps along with two strap connectors that are configured to secure the right lower front member to the left lower front member;

[0045] FIG. 24 is a right side view of the human torso protective assembly shown in FIG. 1 where certain components contained in the human torso protective assembly are shown as being transparent for illustrative purposes;

[0046] FIG. 25 is a zoomed-in view of FIG. 24 showing: (i) the right upper member having: (a) a lateral mounting recess configured to receive an extent of a right upper band, wherein said right upper band and a plurality of band connectors are configured to secure the shoulder member assembly to the left upper member, and (b) a lateral interface region that underlies an extent of the right upper shoulder member, (ii) the right shoulder member assembly having a right lower shoulder member with a shoulder interface region that underlies an extent of the right upper shoulder member, and (iii) a right lower band along with a plurality of band connectors that are configured to secure the right lower shoulder member to the right upper shoulder member;

[0047] FIG. 26 is a rear view of the human torso protective assembly shown in FIG. 1 where certain components contained in the human torso protective assembly are shown as being transparent for illustrative purposes;

[0048] FIG. 27 is a zoomed-in view of FIG. 26 showing: (i) the slot formed in the lower left rear member, wherein said slot is configured to receive an extent of a slot connector that secures a portion of the left belt to said left lower rear member, (ii) the left belt, and (iii) a belt coupler interface region formed in an extent of the left lower rear pad, wherein said belt coupler interface region is configured to receive an extent of the left belt;

[0049] FIG. 28 is an exploded view of the human torso protective assembly of FIG. 1;

[0050] FIG. 29 is a perspective view of the outer right sagittal assembly that includes: (i) the right lower front member, (ii) the right upper member, (iii) the right lower rear member, (iv) right shoulder member assembly, and (v) an extent of the securement assembly associated with members listed in points (i)-(iv);

[0051] FIG. 30 is a rear view of the right outer sagittal assembly of FIG. 29;

[0052] FIG. 31 is a right side view of the right outer sagittal assembly of FIG. 29;

[0053] FIG. 32 is a cross-sectional view of the right outer sagittal assembly taken along line 32-32 of FIG. 31;

[0054] FIG. 33 is a zoomed-in view of FIG. 32 showing: (i) an extent of the lateral mounting recess and the lateral interface region of the right upper member, (ii) the right upper shoulder member and right lower band, wherein a portion of said member and band are positioned near the lateral interface region, and (iii) a plurality of connectors associated with the right upper and lower bands;

[0055] FIG. 34 is a zoomed-in view of FIG. 32 showing: (i) the shoulder interface region of the lower shoulder member, (ii) the right upper shoulder member and right lower band, wherein a portion of said member and band are positioned near shoulder interface region, and (iii) a connector associated with the right lower band;

[0056] FIG. 35 is an exploded view of the right outer sagittal assembly of FIG. 29;

[0057] FIG. 36 is a first perspective view of the right upper member of FIG. 1;

[0058] FIG. 37 is a second perspective view of the right upper member of FIG. 36;

[0059] FIG. 38 is a right side view of the right upper member of FIG. 36;

[0060] FIG. 39 is a cross-sectional view of the right upper member taken along line 39-39 of FIG. 38;

[0061] FIG. 40 is a zoomed-in view of FIG. 39 showing the lateral interface region, the upper angular corrugation, and the collar of the right upper member;

[0062] FIG. 41 is a front perspective view of the right lower front member of FIG. 1;

[0063] FIG. 42 is a rear perspective view of the right lower front member of FIG. 41;

[0064] FIG. 43 is a front perspective view of the right lower rear member of FIG. 1;

[0065] FIG. 44 is a rear perspective view of the right lower rear member of FIG. 43;

[0066] FIG. 45 is a first perspective view of: (i) the right shoulder member assembly, which includes the right upper shoulder member and the right lower shoulder member, and (ii) an extent of the securement assembly associated with the right shoulder member assembly of FIG. 1;

[0067] FIG. 46 is a rear perspective view of the right shoulder member assembly and the extent of the securement assembly associated with the right shoulder member assembly of FIG. 45;

[0068] FIG. 47 is an exploded view of the right shoulder member assembly and the extent of the securement assembly associated with the right shoulder member assembly of FIG. 45;

[0069] FIG. 48 is a top view of the right upper shoulder member of FIG. 1;

[0070] FIG. 49 is a cross-sectional view of the right upper shoulder member taken along line 51-51 of FIG. 50, showing the lower angular corrugation;

[0071] FIG. 50 is an exploded view of the securement assembly of the human torso protective assembly of FIG. 1;

[0072] FIG. 51 is a perspective view of the inner energy attenuation assembly of the human torso protective assembly of FIG. 1, shown in the neutral state S.sub.N without the outer protective member assembly and securement assembly;

[0073] FIG. 52 is a front view of the inner energy attenuation assembly of FIG. 51 showing that: (i) the torso padding assembly includes left and right upper pads, left and right lower front pads, and central pad, and (ii) the left and right shoulder pad assemblies include left and right upper shoulder pads, and left and right lower shoulder pads;

[0074] FIG. 53 is a rear view of the inner energy attenuation assembly of FIG. 51 showing that the torso padding assembly also includes left and right lower rear pads;

[0075] FIG. 54 is a right side view of the inner energy attenuation assembly of FIG. 51;

[0076] FIG. 55 is a cross-section view of the inner energy attenuation assembly taken along line 55-55 of FIG. 54;

[0077] FIG. 56 is a perspective view of the right upper pad of FIG. 55;

[0078] FIG. 57 is a front view of the right upper arch pad of FIG. 56;

[0079] FIG. 58 is a right side view of the right upper pad of FIG. 57;

[0080] FIG. 59 is a top view of the right upper pad of FIG. 57;

[0081] FIG. 60 is a cross-sectional view of the right upper pad taken along line 60-60 of FIG. 59;

[0082] FIG. 61 is a left side view of the right upper pad of FIG. 57;

[0083] FIG. 62 is a right side view of the right upper pad of FIG. 57;

[0084] FIG. 63 is a perspective view of the right lower front pad of FIG. 56;

[0085] FIG. 64 is a rear perspective view of the right lower front pad of FIG. 63;

[0086] FIG. 65 is a first perspective view of the right lower rear pad of FIG. 56;

[0087] FIG. 66 a rear perspective view of the right lower rear pad of FIG. 65;

[0088] FIG. 67 is a first perspective view of the right upper shoulder pad of FIG. 56;

[0089] FIG. 68 is a second perspective view of the right upper shoulder pad of FIG. 67;

[0090] FIG. 69 is a first perspective view of the right lower front shoulder pad of FIG. 56;

[0091] FIG. 70 is a second perspective view of the right lower front shoulder pad of FIG. 69;

[0092] FIG. 71 is a perspective view of the human torso protective assembly of FIG. 1 worn by a player in a neutral or pre-impact position, wherein the player's skeleton is shown to illustrate the positional relationship between the player's bones and the components of the human torso protective assembly;

[0093] FIG. 72 is a front view of the player without the human torso protective assembly of FIG. 71, wherein the player's skeleton is shown and clavicle, sternum, scapula, and ribs are labeled as reference, wherein reference lines indicate (i) the uppermost point of the front member and pad assembly, (ii) the lowermost edge of the upper front arch member, and (iii) the lowermost edge of the front member and pad assembly;

[0094] FIG. 73 is a front view of the human torso protective assembly worn by the player in a neutral position of FIG. 71, wherein reference lines indicate (i) the uppermost point of the front member and pad assembly, (ii) the lowermost edge of the upper front arch member, and (iii) the lowermost edge of the front member and pad assembly;

[0095] FIGS. 74A and 74A front views of the human torso protective assembly of FIG. 1 worn by a player in the neutral position;

[0096] FIGS. 74B and 74B front views of the human torso protective assembly of FIGS. 74A and 74A worn by the player in an extended position;

[0097] FIG. 74C is a left side view of the human torso protective assembly of FIG. 74A worn by a player in the neutral position;

[0098] FIG. 74D is a left side view of the human torso protective assembly of FIG. 74A worn by the player in an extended position;

[0099] FIGS. 75A and 75A are rear views of the human torso protective assembly of FIG. 1 worn by a player in the neutral position;

[0100] FIGS. 75B and 75b are rear views of the human torso protective assembly of FIGS. 75A and 75A worn by the player in an extended position;

[0101] FIG. 75C is a right side view of the human torso protective assembly of FIG. 75A worn by a player in the neutral position;

[0102] FIG. 75D is a right side view of the human torso protective assembly of FIG. 75A worn by the player in an extended position;

[0103] FIG. 76 is a perspective view of the human torso protective assembly that has been assembled for a first specific player, wherein the various components of the human torso protective assembly are color-coded and have been either: (i) selected from a plurality of pre-manufactured components using information derived from the body part data and/or the complete body part model, and/or (ii) created from custom (e.g., 3D printed) components using information derived from the body part data and/or the complete body part model;

[0104] FIG. 77 is a perspective view of the human torso protective assembly that has been assembled for a second specific player, wherein the various components of the human torso protective assembly are color-coded and have been either: (i) selected from a plurality of pre-manufactured components using information derived from the body part data and/or the complete body part model, and/or (ii) created from custom (e.g., 3D printed) components using information derived from the body part data and/or the complete body part model;

[0105] FIG. 78 is a perspective view of the human torso protective assembly that has been assembled for a third specific player, wherein the various components of the human torso protective assembly are color-coded and have been either: (i) selected from a plurality of pre-manufactured components using information derived from the body part data and/or the complete body part model, and/or (ii) created from custom (e.g., 3D printed) components using information derived from the body part data and/or the complete body part model;

[0106] FIG. 79 is a perspective view of the human torso protective assembly that has been assembled for a fourth specific player, wherein the various components of the human torso protective assembly are color-coded and have been either: (i) selected from a plurality of pre-manufactured components using information derived from the body part data and/or the complete body part model, and/or (ii) created from custom (e.g., 3D printed) components using information derived from the body part data and/or the complete body part model.

[0107] FIG. 80 is a front view of an alternative embodiment of the human torso protective assembly, showing that: (i) the outer protective member assembly includes: (a) a torso member assembly having upper left and right members and lower left and right front members, and (b) left and right shoulder member assemblies, (ii) the securement assembly includes left and right belt assemblies, and (iii) the inner energy attenuation assembly includes upper left and right pads, lower left and right front pads, and left and right shoulder pad assemblies;

[0108] FIG. 81 is a cross-sectional view of the human torso protective assembly taken along line 81-81 of FIG. 80;

[0109] FIG. 82 is a zoomed-in view of the belt coupler of the human torso protective assembly of FIG. 81; and

[0110] FIG. 83 is a right side view of the lower right front member of FIG. 80.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0111] In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth by way of examples in order to provide a thorough understanding of the relevant teachings. However, it should be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present teachings may be practiced without such details. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, components, and/or circuitry have been described at a relatively high-level, without detail, in order to avoid unnecessarily obscuring aspects of the present disclosure.

[0112] While this disclosure includes a number of embodiments in many different forms, there is shown in the drawings and will herein be described in detail particular embodiments with the understanding that the present disclosure is to be considered as an exemplification of the principles of the disclosed methods and systems, and is not intended to limit the broad aspects of the disclosed concepts to the embodiments illustrated. As will be realized, the disclosed methods and systems are capable of other and different configurations and several details are capable of being modified all without departing from the scope of the disclosed methods and systems. For example, one or more of the following embodiments, in part or whole, may be combined consistent with the disclosed methods and systems. As such, one or more steps from the flow charts or components in the Figures may be selectively omitted and/or combined consistent with the disclosed methods and systems. Additionally, one or more steps from the flow charts may be performed in a different order. Accordingly, the drawings, flow charts and detailed description are to be regarded as illustrative in nature, not restrictive or limiting.

[0113] It should be understood that the system and methods disclosed herein provide an unconventional solution to the problem of trying to either create custom components or select a combination of components that best fits the player's anatomical features in order to design, manufacture and assemble a protective assembly for a human torso to be worn during a contact sport. This unconventional system and the solution it provides is rooted in technology and provides information that was not available in conventional systems. This unconventional system also represents an improvement in the subject technical field otherwise unrealized by conventional systems. Specifically, unlike conventional systems, the system and methods disclosed herein either create custom components or determines what combination of components best fit the player out of millions, if not billions, of possible component combinations. The methods disclosed herein are operationally linked and tied to the system, which ensures that the disclosed methods cannot preempt all uses of these methods beyond the system. Also, as detailed below, these complicated methods involve numerous highly detailed steps and cannot be accurately performed using a pen and paper or within the human mind. Additionally, the system provides multiple improvements over conventional systems, including rapidly and properly fitting the player with protective sports equipment.

A. DEFINITIONS

[0114] This section identifies a number of terms and definitions that are used throughout the application. The term player is a person who wears the equipment (e.g., protective assembly for a human torso) while engaged in practice or game play of the sport. The term equipment wearer or wearer is a player who is wearing the equipment. The term designer, manufacturer or operator is a person who utilizes the inventive system 10 to designs, test, or manufacture the equipment.

[0115] A protective sports equipment is a type of protective equipment that a player or wearer wears while engaged in the play or practice of a sport or an activity. For example, protective sports equipment may include a protective assembly for a human torso, helmet, gloves, shoes, skates, shin guards, elbow pads, knee pads, neck guards, life jackets, or other pads or protective gear worn by a player. The protective sports equipment may be worn by a player or wearer who plays or participate in American football, soccer, hockey, lacrosse, baseball, cycling, polo, equestrian, rock climbing, auto racing, motorcycle riding, motocross racing, skiing, skating, snowboarding, and other sporting activities. Further, the protective sports equipment may be worn over any body part of the wearer or player, which includes torso or chest, head, shoulders, shin, knee, hip, elbows, feet, and wrists.

[0116] A protective assembly for a human torso or protective torso assembly is a type of protective sports equipment that are commonly referred to as shoulder pads and that is worn on a torso region of a player or wearer wears while engaged in the play of a sport (e.g., American football, hockey, or lacrosse). It is common for the rules and the regulations of the particular contact sport to mandate that the player wear the protective assembly for a human torso while the player is engaged in playing the sport. For these contact sports, a national organization or rules committee associated with the respective sport mandates the player's wearing of the protective assembly for a human torso during the course of play. In addition, a national organization, such as the National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment (NOCSAE), enacts particular standards that govern the testing, evaluation and performance of protective torso assembly in the form of shoulder pads to be worn by players engaged in playing American football.

[0117] The term anatomical features can include any one or any combination of the following: (i) dimensions, (ii) topography and/or (iii) contours of the player's body part that is scanned and/or analyzed by the system 10. In the context of a protective assembly for a human torso, the anatomical features of the player's torso T include, but are not limited to, the player's thorax region, axilla region, acromial region, dorsum region, cervicis region, brachium region, mammary region, sternal region, axillary region, bones (e.g., ribs) associated with the listed regions, and/or muscles associated with the listed regions.

[0118] The term human torso is an anatomical feature that includes a player or wearer's trunk or core that starts at the waist and extends upward and from which the head, neck, arms, and lower limbs extend. For purposes of this Application, the human torso is divided into the thoracic segment (also known as the upper torso, where the forelimbs extend), the abdominal segment (also known as the mid-section), and the pelvic and perineal segments (known together with the abdomen as the lower torso). Also, for purposes of this Application, the human torso also includes a player or wearer's shoulders, as well as the bicep and triceps muscles, but not the elbow or forearm regions.

[0119] An energy attenuation assembly is an assembly of energy attenuating members that are designed to collectively interact to enable the equipment (e.g., protective assembly for a human torso) to attenuate energies, such as linear acceleration and/or rotational acceleration, associated with impacts received by the equipment while it is worn by the player Por wearer. For example, the protective assembly for a human torso 10 includes the internal energy attenuation assembly 400 that attenuates energies, such as linear acceleration and/or rotational acceleration, from impacts received by the outer protective member assembly 100 of the protective assembly for a human torso 10.

[0120] An energy attenuation component(s) is a three-dimensional (3D) structure that (i) has both a volume and an outer periphery, and (ii) reduces or attenuates energy arising from impacts received by the protective assembly for a human torso. The volume of the energy attenuation component is configured such that it extends between the player's torso T and an inner surface of an outer protective member assembly 100 of the protective assembly for a human torso 10 when it is worn on the player's toros. The energy attenuation components include material that is elastically deformable and designed to attenuate energies, such as linear acceleration and/or rotational acceleration, from impacts received by the protective assembly for a human torso.

[0121] The term component is a three-dimensional (3D) structure that is a part of the protective assembly for a human torso 10. Components of the protective assembly for a human torso 10 may include: (i) outer protective member assembly 100, (ii) an internal energy attenuation assembly 400, (iii) an energy attenuation component, (iv) a securement assembly. The protective assembly for a human torso may also include other components, such as a back pad, neck roll, etc.

[0122] The term outer protective member assembly is a three-dimensional (3D) structure configured to receive the inner energy attenuation assembly. The outer protective member assembly is typically formed from a hard plastic material. Said formation may be accomplished using injection molding or 3D printing.

[0123] The term custom or bespoke means a component that is individually designed or manufactured based upon a specific player's P.sub.S anatomical features and/or information derived from body part data collected from the specific player P.sub.S. In other words, a custom or bespoke is not a pre-manufactured component that is not purposely designed, configured and manufactured to match anatomical features of the specific player P.sub.S.

[0124] The term pre-manufactured means a component that is not individually designed or manufactured based upon a specific player's P.sub.S anatomical features and/or information derived from body part data collected from the specific player P.sub.S. In other words, a pre-manufactured component is not a custom or bespoke component that is purposely designed, configured and manufactured to match anatomical features of the player. Instead, pre-manufactured component are intended to fit a substantial number of player's torso or a specific group of players' torsos.

[0125] A locus is a collection of points that whose spatial location in an X, Y and Z Cartesian coordinate system for a three-dimensional space satisfies or is determined by a specified condition. The specified condition is an outer periphery or surface the body part data or torso data that was collected using, or a combination of, the described or incorporated spatial data collection methods. It should be understood that said outer periphery or surface may not necessarily be digitally created, defined, or determined in order to determine the locus. Instead, in certain embodiments, the system 10 may assume that the outermost points contained in the body part data lie along said outer periphery or surface and thus form part of the locus. In other embodiments, the outer periphery or surface may be defined and then the locus may be derived from said outer periphery or surface. It should also be understood that the outer periphery or surface the body part data may not be a 1:1 representation of the outer periphery or surface the player's body part. For example, the inclusion of the data collection member will cause the outer periphery or surface the body part data to be larger than the outer periphery or surface the player's body part.

B. ATTRIBUTES AND BENEFITS OF THE PROTECTIVE ASSEMBLY FOR A HUMAN TORSO

[0126] Unlike conventional shoulder pad assemblies, the disclosed human torso protective assembly 10 is modular. Thus, different selections of pre-manufactured components, bespoke components, or combinations of pre-manufactured components and bespoke components can be used in the assembly of the human torso protective assembly 10. This modularity allows the human torso protective assembly 10 to fit the player's anatomical features better than a conventional shoulder pad assembly, which feature standardized sizing for both the complete pad assembly and its components that span standardized medium (M), large (L), extra-large (XL), extra, extra-large (XXL) and extra, extra, extra-large (XXXL) sizes.

[0127] The disclosed human torso protective assembly 10 can include either: (i) a combination of pre-manufactured components that are selected from a plurality of pre-manufactured components based on a specific player's P.sub.S anatomical featuresnamely, information derived from body part data collected using a fitment system, (ii) custom/bespoke components that are custom dimensioned and manufactured for the specific player P.sub.S based on his/her anatomical featuresnamely, information derived from body part data collected using a fitment system, or (iii) a combination of pre-manufactured components and custom/bespoke components. The pre-manufactured components and/or the custom/bespoke components may be manufactured using any known technique, included 3D printing, injection molding, or any method disclosed within U.S. Pat. No. 11,213,736, which is owned by the owner of this application. The use of individually selected pre-manufactured components, custom/bespoke components, or a combination thereof allows for the disclosed human torso protective assembly 10 more closely match the player's anatomical features in comparison to conventional shoulder pad assemblies. Increasing the extent of correspondence or the degree of match between the human torso protective assembly 10 and player's anatomical features increases the comfort and wearability, minimizes grab points, allows for a low-profile design that is more streamlined, and increases the energy attenuation resulting from inbound impacts.

[0128] Conventional shoulder pad assemblies feature a pair of continuous or single-piece arch members that are configured to continuously extend between the player's lower, frontal ribs over the player's trapezius muscles and then to the player's lower, rear ribs. As such, the continuous arch members in conventional shoulder pad assemblies overlie the player's upper chest, clavicle, scapula and at least the upper 7 ribs, and typically the upper 8 ribs. In contrast, the disclosed human torso protective assembly 10 does not have the continuous arches found in a conventional shoulder pad assembly. Instead, the disclosed human torso protective assembly 10 includes: (i) right and left upper arch members 120a, 120b that are configured to be positioned over or overlie the player's clavicle and the upper frontal and rear segments of ribs 1-3 and potentially the front and rear segments of rib 4, and (ii) left and right lower front chest members 170a, 170b, and lower rear back members 230a, 230b that overlie the chest and upper back regions are configured to overlie the lower frontal and rear segments of ribs 2 through 7 and potentially the frontal and rear segments of rib 8. Thus, three distinct components of the outer protective member assembly 100namely, the right and left upper arch members 120a, 120b coupled to the left and right lower front members 170a, 170b and the left and right lower rear members 230a, 230bcombine to form a multi-part outer protective arrangement that structurally and functionally differs from the single, continuous arch of conventional shoulder pad assemblies.

[0129] In particular, the multi-part outer protective arrangement includes interface regions that change with the movement of the player. The interface regions are provided by a recessed segment of a member of the outer protective member assembly 100 that underlies a segment of an adjacent member of the assembly 100 or adjacent member of a shoulder member assembly 300. For example, the outer protective member assembly includes a first front chest member with a recessed segment having an outer surface and a second arch member having a front portion that is coupled to the chest member by a flexible coupler assembly such that the arch member overlies the recessed segment of the first chest member. When the player is wearing the human torso protective assembly and is positioned with arms at his side in a neutral state S.sub.N, which can be considered a pre-impact state because the torso protective assembly has not received an impact, a first frontal interface region is formed, where a majority of the portion of the second arch member is positioned within a first distance from the recessed segment of the front chest member; and when the player's arm are extended upward, the human torso protective assembly is in an extended state, where a second frontal interface region is formed when a minority of the portion of the second arch member is positioned within a second distance from the recessed segment of the front chest member. Similarly, a third rear member with a upper recessed segment having an outer surface and a second arch member having a rear portion that is coupled to the chest member by a flexible coupler assembly such that the arch member overlies the recessed segment of the third rear member, where a first rear interface region is formed when the player wearing the human torso protective assembly is in a neutral state S.sub.N and a second rear interface region when the human torso protective assembly is in an extended state S.sub.E.

[0130] When the protective torso assembly 10 is in the neutral state S.sub.N, a first frontal interface region having a first set of dimensions is formed by the frontal portion 160b of the left arch member 120b overlying the upper recessed segment 176b of the front chest member 170b. When the protective torso assembly 10 is in the extended state S.sub.E, a second frontal interface region having a second set of dimensions is formed by the frontal portion 160b of the left arch member 120b overlying the upper recessed segment 176b of the front chest member 170b, wherein the second interface region has dimensions that are less than dimensions of the first interface region. The dimensions of the first interface region define a first surface area of the first interface region and the dimensions of the second interface region define a second surface area, and wherein the second surface area of the second interface region is less than the first surface area of the first interface region.

[0131] The extent and area of the front and rear interface regions vary with the state of the torso protective assembly 10namely, (i) in a neutral state S.sub.N prior to an impact being received by the assembly 10 while the player P is engaged in playing the contact sport, (ii) during an impact, (iii) in an extended state S.sub.E or deployed state S.sub.D when the player P has raised one or both arms, and (iv) post-impact where the impact forces have been attenuated by the protective assembly 10, including its inner energy attenuation assembly 400, and then returning to the neutral state, S.sub.N. Attachment of the front and rear members to the upper arch member by the flexible coupler assembly also allows for pivoting movement of the upper arch members about a virtual axis that extends through the upper arch members. The front and rear interface regions vary as the upper arch member pivots and/or displaces in a linear direction. For example, for each of the left and right sides, the front and rear members are coupled by the flexible coupler assembly at a single front and rear pivot hole of the upper arch member forming a virtual axis. When the player wearing the human torso protective assembly moves one or both arms upward, the left and right upper arch members are configured to independently pivot about the left and right virtual arch axes. In other words, if only one arm is raised, the interface regions on that side may change and the interface regions on the opposite side may remain in neutral state S.sub.N or near a neutral state. Accordingly, the shoulder protective assemblies coupled to the upper arch members are flexibly connected and configured to conform to the movement of the player's arm. Similarly, the flexible arch links that connect the front and rear members to the upper arch member allow for some translational movement of the upper arch member upon an impact while the torso protective assembly 10 remains secured to the player, where the upper arch member can return to the neutral state S.sub.N after impact.

[0132] Moreover, the inner energy attenuation assembly 400 includes distinct pad members affixed to distinct components of the outer protective member assembly 100 forming arch assemblies 102a, 102b. Specifically, the inner energy attenuation assembly 400 includes: (i) left and right arch pads 420a, 420b affixed to respective right and left upper arch members 120a, 120b; (ii) left and right chest pads 470a, 470b affixed to respective left and right lower front members 170a, 170b; and (iii) left and right rear pads 520a, 520b affixed to respective left and right lower rear members 230a, 230b. Thus, these three distinct components of the inner energy attenuation assembly 400 combine to form a multi-part inner energy attenuation assembly 400 that structurally and functionally differs from pad members attached to the single, continuous arch of conventional shoulder pad assemblies. As will be discussed in further detail, one or more members 120a, 120b, 170a, 170b, 230a, 230b of the outer protective member assembly 100 and/or one or more pads 420a, 420b, 470a, 470b, 520a, 520b of the inner energy attenuation assembly 400 can be selected or customized to fit an individual player. For example, an inventive spatial data collection, processing and fitment system 2000 may be utilized to design, create and/or identify components of the protective sports equipment, namely the human torso protective assembly 10 that either best fit or custom fit the specific player's P.sub.S body parts and anatomical features. In other examples, the human torso protective assembly 10 can be assembled using members and pads selected predefined standard sizes.

[0133] The disclosed combination of the left and right upper arch members 120a, 120b along with the left and right lower members 170a, 170b, 230a, 230b enables the human torso protective assembly 10 to: (i) be more durable than conventional shoulder pads, (ii) provide the player with a higher degree of mobility than what is possible with a conventional shoulder pad, (iii) increases the pad stability and proper positioning on the player P in comparison with conventional shoulder pads, especially after the assembly 10 receives multiple impacts in a single play or during a short time interval, (iv) have more complicated geometries in comparison to conventional shoulder pads, (v) utilize less complicated tools to create the desired geometries in comparison to the tools that would need to be utilized to create the same geometries in conventional shoulder pads, and (vi) permit greater articulation and range of motion between the various members and pads that is not possible with conventional shoulder pads.

[0134] The outer protective member assembly 100 of the human torso protective assembly 10 includes members having varying contours and thicknesses. Similarly, the inner energy attenuation assembly 400 includes pads that have varying contours and thicknesses. These thicknesses vary or change throughout the outer protective member assembly 100 and/or the inner energy attenuation assembly 400 in order to: (i) optimize impact energy attenuation and thus increase the protection factor of the assembly 10, (ii) improve the fit of said shoulder pad assembly 10, and (iii) reduce the distance the members are offset from the player's body, which reduces the overall profile of the protective assembly 10 on the player's P torso. In particular, the reduction of the distance the members are offset from the player is beneficial because it reduces the number of points that the opposing player can grab and/or pull, while also providing the assembly 10 with a sleek, aesthetically appealing look that is preferred by players P engaged in the play of contact sports.

[0135] The human torso protective assembly 10 can adjust the angle at which the left and right upper arch members 120a, 120b are positioned on and overlying the specific player's body parts intended for protection. In particular, this adjustment can account for variations between: (i) the specific player's anatomical features (e.g., the angle of the player's trapezius muscles or trap angle) and the anatomical features (e.g., the trap angle) of other players (i.e., that are not the specific player), and (ii) the specific player's P.sub.S left anatomical features (e.g., the trap angle) and the specific player's P.sub.S right anatomical features (e.g., the trap angle). The above described adjustments cannot be accomplished with conventional shoulder pad assemblies.

[0136] Unlike conventional shoulder pad assemblies, the human torso protective assembly 10 includes multiple components that have compound surfaces. For example, the lower left and right members 170a, 170b, 230a, 230b have compound surfaces that are not found in conventional shoulder pad assemblies. These surfaces enable the human torso protective assembly 10 to more closely match the anatomical features and curvatures of the specific player's P.sub.S body in comparison to a conventional shoulder pad. This close matching is beneficial because it improves the fit, energy attenuation, and reduces the number of points that the opposing player can grab and pull.

[0137] It should be understood that any of the above disclosed components can be split into additional components and/or combined into fewer components. For example, the left and right upper members may be split into two components along the apex of the member, or may be split into three components (where the split runs along the player's clavicle). In an additional example, the left and right lower shoulder pads may be split into two or three components or the left and right lower shoulder pads may be combine with the left and right upper shoulder pads. Other advantages, aspects, or improvements over conventional shoulder pad assemblies are obvious to one of skill in the art based on a review of the disclosure and the figures associated with this application.

C. TORSO PROTECTIVE ASSEMBLY

[0138] As shown in the Figures, the inventive human torso protective assembly 10 includes (i) an outer protective member assembly 100, (ii) an inner energy attenuation assembly 400, and (iii) a securement assembly 700. As shown in at least FIGS. 1 and 74-75, the human torso protective assembly 10 includes a central opening 50 through which the player P inserts his/her head to wear the assembly 10. The modular and customizable configuration of the human torso protective assembly 10 differs from conventional shoulder pad assemblies in that the individual pads of the inner energy attenuation assembly 400 are configured to mate with respective individual members of the outer protective member assembly 100 to more closely match the anatomical features and curvatures of the specific player's P.sub.S body in comparison to a conventional shoulder pad.

[0139] As shown in at least FIGS. 1-4, the human torso protective assembly 10 is at least partially defined by the combination of both the outer protective member assembly 100 and the inner energy attenuation assembly 400. The human torso protective assembly 10 includes left and right arch assemblies 102a, 102b and left and right shoulder assemblies 104a, 104b coupled thereto. In particular, the outer protective member assembly 100 includes a torso member assembly or cuirass 110 and left and right shoulder member assemblies or left and right spaulders 300a, 300b coupled to the arch members of the torso member assembly 110. Correspondingly, the inner energy attenuation assembly 400 includes a torso padding assembly 410 and left and right shoulder padding assemblies 600a, 600b coupled to corresponding members of the outer protective member assembly 100. The components of the outer protective member assembly 100 are coupled to one another using flexible straps, belts, links, and bands that can be cut during an emergency in order to remove the human torso protective assembly 10 from the player P, even when the player P is lying supine on the ground or playing field.

D. OUTER PROTECTIVE MEMBER ASSEMBLY

[0140] As shown at least in FIGS. 1-20 and 29-35, the outer protective member assembly 100 includes a torso member assembly or cuirass 110 that couples with the left and right shoulder member assemblies or spaulders 300a, 300b. As shown in various figures, the torso member assembly or cuirass 110 includes upper arch members 120a, 120b, lower front members 170a, 170b, and lower rear members 230a, 230b that are modularly assembled to define the shape of the left and right arch assemblies 102a, 102b. A sternum member 270 provides additional protection in a front central region where the lower front members 170a, 170b are coupled. Optionally, as shown in the illustrative embodiment, the outer protective member assembly 100 can also include a back plate 280 that is coupled to the left and right lower rear members 230a, 230b. The shoulder member assemblies 300a, 300b are coupled to the respective left and right upper arch members 120a, 120b and include epaulets 310a, 310b and lower caps 360a, 360b.

[0141] The respective left and right members 120, 170, 230, 310, 360 of the protective member assembly 100 are assembled with the arch coupler assembly 800 and shoulder band assembly 850. As shown in FIGS. 29-32, an outer right sagittal member assembly 390 includes the right upper arch member 120a with the right lower front and rear members 170a, 230a coupled thereto by the right front and rear flexible arch links 810a, 830a of the arch coupler assembly 800. Additionally, the right epaulet 310a is coupled to the right upper arch member 120a with the right upper band 860a and the right lower cap 360a is coupled to the right epaulet 310a with the right lower band 870a. The outer left sagittal member assembly 394 is similarly assembled with like components that mirrors the outer right sagittal member assembly 390 over the sagittal plane.

[0142] Although the illustrative embodiment is shown with left and right arch assemblies 102a, 102b having equally sized respective components, the modularity of the human torso protective assembly 10 allows for specific sizing of the left and right members 120a, 120b, 170a, 170b, and 230a, 230b that can be selected or customized for the individual player. In some examples, the left and right arch assemblies 102a, 102b can have symmetrical left and right members 120a, 120b, 170a, 170b, and 230a, 230b and include different sizes of corresponding pads 420a, 420b, 470a, 470b, 520a, 520b selected or customized for the individual player.

a. Torso Member Assembly or Cuirass

[0143] The torso member assembly or cuirass 110 includes (i) left and right upper arch members 120a, 120b, (ii) the left and right lower front members 170a, 170b, and (iii) the left and right lower rear members 230a, 230b, and (iv) a sternum member 270. The chest member 170 and rear member 230 are separate from the arch member 120. The cuirass 110 lacks single-piece arch members that continuously extend between the player's lower, frontal ribs over the player's trapezius muscles and then to the player's lower, rear ribs. When worn by a player P, the upper arch members 120a, 120b overlie the player's acromion, clavicle and acromioclavicular area, as well as the uppermost portion of the trapezius and deltoid muscles, but does not extend to the lower ribs. The lower front members 170a, 170b are pivotably coupled to the upper arch members 120a, 120b and overlie the chest and frontal shoulder region of the player P. The lower rear members 230a, 230b are pivotably coupled to the upper arch members 120a, 120b and overlie the back and rear shoulder region of the player. The lower front and rear members 170a, 170b, 230a, 230b cover a substantial portion of the player's front and rear torso, overlying at least ribs 4-6. The sternum member 270 provides additional protection for the central chest region of the player at the sternum. Optionally, as shown in the illustrative embodiment, the outer protective member assembly 100 can also include a back plate 280 that is coupled to the left and right lower rear members 230a, 230b.

i. Upper Arch Members

[0144] Referring to at least FIGS. 36-40, the left and right upper members 120a, 120b of the human torso protective assembly 10 includes an apex portion 128a, 128b, a front arch portion 158a, 158b, and a rear arch portion 166a, 166b. When worn by the player P, the right and left upper arch members 120a, 120b are configured to overlie the player's clavicle and upper chest. Specifically, arch members 120a, 120b overlie the upper frontal and rear segments of ribs 1-3 and potentially the front and rear segments of rib 4 (FIGS. 71-73), where the apex portion 128a, 128b substantially overlies the uppermost portion of the human torso. The front arch portion 158a, 158b extends from the apex portion 128a, 128b to overlie an extent of the player's chest and the rear arch portion 166a, 166b extends from the apex portion 128a, 128b to overlie an extent of the player's back. Unlike conventional shoulder pads, the width does not substantially increase.

[0145] The upper members 120a, 120b include a lower frontal portion 160a, 160b of the front arch portion 158a, 158b that is coupled with the lower frontal chest members 170a, 170b and that overlies or overlaps an extent of the upper externally recessed segment 176a, 176b to at least partially define the upper frontal interface region 174a, 174b. In particular, the lower frontal portion 160a, 160b of the front arch portion 158a, 158b includes a coupling pivot hole 161a, 161b configured to couple with a flexible arch link coupled to the lower front members 170a, 170b. In the illustrative example, the coupling pivot hole 161a, 161b is positioned off-center within the lower frontal portion 160a, 160b at a distance from the front lowermost edge 159a, 159b of the upper members 120a, 120b and near the edge of the central opening. The front lowermost edge 159a, 159b of the upper members 120a, 120b is shaped to substantially match the interface side wall 177a, 177b of the upper externally recessed segment 176a, 176b. In particular, the lower frontal portion 160a, 160b is configured to overlap and move within the upper externally recessed segment 176a, 176b. The upper members 120a, 120b also include a lower rear portion 168a, 168b of the rear arch portion 166a, 166b configured to couple with the lower rear members 230a, 230b, overlapping an extent of the externally recessed segment 236a, 236b to at least partially defining an extent of the upper frontal interface region 234a, 234b. The rear lowermost edge 167a, 167b of the upper members 120a, 120b is shaped to substantially match interface side wall 237a, 237b of the upper externally recessed segment 236a, 236b. In particular, the lower rear portion 168a, 168b is configured to overlap and move within the upper externally recessed segment 176a, 176b.

[0146] The left and right upper members 120a, 120b have an outward facing or outer surface 122a, 122b and an inward facing or inner surface 124a, 124b that faces the player wearing the human torso protective assembly 10. The inner surface 124a, 124b includes a central attachment portion 126a, 126b configured to receive arch pads 420a, 420b, where the contours of the outer surface 421 of the arch pads 420a, 420b generally match the contours of the inner surface 124a, 124b within the central attachment portion 126a, 126b. The central attachment portion 126a, 126b extends from the apex portion 128a, 128b of the upper members 120a, 120b over an extent of the front arch portion 158a, 158b, not including the lower frontal portion 160a, 160b, and from the apex portion 128a, 128b over an extent of the rear arch portion 166a, 166b, not including the lower rear portion 168a, 168b. The inner surface of the lower frontal portion 160a, 160b and lower rear portion 168a, 168b can be configured to couple with front and rear interface pads 540a, 540b, 550a, 550b, which are substantially thinner than arch pads 420a, 420b, to reduce wear on the exterior surface of the front and rear upper externally recessed segment 176a, 176b, 236a, 236b in the interface regions 174a, 174b, 234a, 234b. For example, the with front and rear interface pads 540a, 540b, 550a, 550b can be made from a different material (e.g. felted material) than pads 420a, 420b, 470a, 470b, 520a, 520b.

[0147] As shown in at least FIGS. 16 and 40, the apex section 128a, 128b of the upper arch members 120a, 120b include a collar or raised neck lip 130a, 130b, an upper angular corrugation or haute-piece 134a, 134b, a lateral, shoulder, or spaulder mounting recess 144a, 144b, a lateral, shoulder, or spaulder interface region 154a, 154b. These features enhance the structural support of the upper arch members 120a, 120b and provide mounting features for the arch pads 420a, 420b and shoulder assemblies 104a, 104b. For example, the arch pads 420a, 420b include apex portion 428a, 428b features including a collar edge 430a, 430b and haute piece projection 434a, 434b that are configured to interface with the collar or raised neck lip 130a, 130b and upper angular corrugation or haute-piece 134a, 134b.

[0148] Referring to FIG. 16, the collar or raised neck lip 130a, 130b supports a collar edge 430a, 430b of the arch pad 420a, 420b. The raised neck lip 130a, 130b has a curvature that faces the neck of the player, where the edge of the arch members 120a, 120b at the raised neck lip 130a, 130b faces upward or away from the player's neck. As such, the raised neck lip 130a, 130b is configured to: (i) eliminate the need for the addition of a neck liner or neck roll, and (ii) increase the specific player's P.sub.S comfort when the human torso protective assembly 10 is worn by the player and impacted during play. This increase in the specific player's P.sub.S comfort is primarily due to the shape of the collar or raised neck lip 130a, 130b and increased thickness of the collar edge 430a, 430b of the arch pad 420a, 420b, as this distributes force over a larger area of the neck in comparison to conventional shoulder pad assemblies.

[0149] The upper angular corrugation or haute-piece 134a, 134b extends from the apex portion 128a, 128b over an extent of the front and rear arch portions 158a, 158b, 166a, 166b. As shown in at least FIGS. 39-40, the upper angular corrugation or haute-piece 134a, 134b is adjacent to the raised neck lip 130a, 130b and protrudes from the exterior surface with a convex shape following the contour of the front and rear arch portions 158a, 158b, 166a, 166b and tapering to an end. The haute-piece 134a, 134b does not extend into the lower frontal portion 160a, 160b or lower rear portion 168a, 168b. In the illustrative example, the haute-piece 134a, 134b ends at the lower frontal portion 160a, 160b and lower rear portion 168a, 168b. In some examples, the haute-piece 134a, 134b does not extend as far and/or has a different shape. As shown in FIG. 16, the inner surface of the arch members 120a, 120b has a concave shape at the haute-piece 134a, 134b to receive and position the arch pads 420a, 420b.

[0150] Referring to FIGS. 33-34, the lateral, shoulder, or spaulder mounting recess 144a, 144b and the lateral, shoulder, or spaulder interface region 154a, 154b are configured to accommodate the shoulder assemblies 104a, 104b coupled to the arch assemblies 102a, 102b at the upper arch members 120a, 120b. The lateral, shoulder, or spaulder mounting recess 144a, 144b includes mounting holes 148a, 148b and is configured to receive an inner portion 862a, 862b of the upper bands 860a, 860b of the shoulder band assembly 850 that is coupled to an outer extent of the epaulets 310a, 310b. This arrangement reduces grab points and provides a low-profile configuration. The lateral, shoulder, or spaulder interface region 154a, 154b is shaped to receive an extent of the epaulets 310a, 310b and an extent of the lower bands 870a, 870b of the shoulder band assembly 850. In particular, an outer portion of the 866a, 866b of the upper bands 860a, 860b is coupled to the outer surface of the epaulets 310a, 310b within an outer mounting recess 314a, 314b and an inner portion 872a, 872b of the lower bands 870a, 870b is coupled to the underside of the epaulets 310a, 310b on the opposite surface of the outer mounting recess 314a, 314b.

ii. Lower Front Members

[0151] As shown in at least FIGS. 29, 30 and 35, the left and right lower front members or left and right chest members 170a, 170b are configured to couple with the upper arch members 120a, 120b in an upper frontal interface region or frontal arch interface region 174a, 174b and with each other in a central interface region or sternum interface region 190a, 190b. Further, the front belt connector zone 210a, 210b is configured to couple with the left and right belts 910a, 910b to secure the torso protective assembly 10 to the player. In particular, when worn by a player P, the chest members 170a, 170b overlie the chest region such that they overlie the lower frontal segments of ribs 2 through 7 and potentially the frontal segments of rib 8 (FIGS. 71-73). The length of the chest members 170a, 170b can be chosen by the player; however, the default chest members 170a, 170b length has a termination just under the pectoral muscle.

[0152] Each chest member 170a, 170b is curved in all three planes. The chest members 170a, 170b are shaped with curvatures configured to hug the shape of the player. For example, the assembly 10 for a player with a more defined or muscular shape may have chest members 170a, 170b selected from custom or pre-manufactured options that are shaped with a greater curvature than chest members 170a, 170b selected for a player with a less muscular shape. The assembly 10 adapted for a specific player fits more like a shirt, thus reducing grab points.

[0153] The chest members 170a, 170b include upper externally recessed segments 176a, 176b configured to couple with the lower frontal portion 160a, 160b of the arch members 120a, 120b using the front arch links 810a, 810b of the arch coupler assembly 800. The chest members 170a, 170b also include central externally recessed segments 192a, 192b, where the chest members 170a, 170b are coupled to each other using the upper and lower front sternum straps 720, 740. Each of the lower front members 170a, 170b also include a front belt connector zone 210a, 210b configured to couple with an adjustable belt 910a, 910b, where the belt 910a is configured to couple the left lower front member 170a to the left lower rear member 230a and the belt 910b is configured to couple the left lower front member 170b to the left lower rear member 230b to secure the human torso protective assembly 10 around the player P.

[0154] Referring to FIGS. 41-42, the chest members 170a, 170b include upper externally recessed segments 176a, 176b arranged in an upper portion and defined by an interface side wall 177a, 177b formed by the change in surface level of the recessed segments 176a, 176b. The interface side wall 177a, 177b can have a curvilinear shape and substantially match the curvilinear shape of the edge portion of the lower frontal portion 160a, 160b. The left and right upper externally recessed segments 176a, 176b include coupling holes 178a, 178b configured to receive connectors, pins, or rivets 840 to couple the front arch links 810a, 810b to the chest members 170a, 170b, where the arch links 810a, 810b are further coupled to the arch members 120a, 120b. For example, in the illustrative embodiment, the upper recessed segment 176b includes two coupling holes 178b spaced apart, so that the chest members 170b are secured in a position to pivot with respect to the upper arch member 120b at the coupling pivot hole 161b. In other words, the overlapping portion of the lower frontal portion 160a, 160b the arch members 120a, 120b and the externally recessed segments 176a, 176b forms a frontal interface region 174a, 174b. The size or area of overlap of the frontal interface region 174a, 174b changes with the movement of the lower frontal portion 160a, 160b with respect to the externally recessed segments 176a, 176b and the interface side wall 177a, 177b of the chest members 170a, 170b.

[0155] The central externally recessed segments 192a, 192b include upper strap connection holes 194a, 194b, lower strap connection holes 196a, 196b, and a securement slot 198a, 198b arranged therebetween. The upper and lower holes 194a, 194b, 196a, 196b are configured to couple with the upper and lower front sternum straps 720, 740 to secure the front chest members 170a, 170b over the chest of the player P. The left and right securement slots 198a, 198b are configured to receive the retaining or middle sternum strap 760 to secure the sternum member 270 to the chest members 170a, 170b within the sternum interface region 190a, 190b.

[0156] The front belt connector zone 210a, 210b is positioned in a lower side section of the front chest members 170a, 170b and includes a pivot aperture 212a, 212b and front coupling slot 214a, 214b configured to couple with the belt assembly 900. In particular, the pivot aperture 212a, 212b and front coupling slot 214a, 214b are configured to couple to the front belt segment 932a, 932b of respective left and right belts 910a, 910b. The pivot aperture 212a, 212b is configured to receive the front pivot connector 968a, 968b coupled to the end of the front belt segment 932a, 932b. The front coupling slot 214a, 214b is configured to receive the front slot connector 958a, 958b coupled to the front belt segment 932a, 932b space apart from the front pivot connector 968a, 968b. The front belt segment 932a, 932b can pivot about the front pivot connector 968a, 968b contained in the pivot aperture 212a, 212b, where the front slot connector 958a, 958b is configured to slide within the front coupling slot 214a, 214b relative to the movement of the belt 910a, 910b. The movement of the front slot connector 958a, 958b is limited by the lower and upper slot limit edge 216a, 216b, 218a, 218b at the ends of the front coupling slots 214a, 214b. In the illustrative embodiment, the lower slot limit edge 216a, 216b is arranged to substantially align with the vertical position of the pivot aperture 212a, 212b. The front coupling slots 214a, 214b can have linear or curvilinear shape, such that the radial distance is substantially the same between positions within the front coupling slots and the pivot aperture 212a, 212b. Tightening the belt assembly 900 does not deform the arch member 120.

iii. Lower Rear Members

[0157] As shown in at least FIGS. 29, 30 and 35, the left and right lower rear members or left and right rear members 230a, 230b are configured to couple with the upper arch members 120a, 120b in an upper rear interface region or rear arch interface region 234a, 234b and with each other in a central coupling zone 250a, 250b. Further, the rear belt connector zone 250a, 250b is configured to couple with the left and right belts 910a, 910b to secure the torso protective assembly 10 to the player. In particular, when worn by a player P, the lower rear members 230a, 230b overlie the upper back region such that they overlie the lower rear segments of ribs 2 through 7 and potentially the rear segments of rib 8 (FIGS. 71-73). The curvature of rear members 230a, 230b is less significant that the front, yet conforms to the shape of the player P. In particular, the contours of a player's back region are different in shape and definition as compared to the frontal or chest region, thus the rear members 230a, 230b have less overall curvature, as shown in the illustrative example of FIG. 24. By adapting or selecting components to closely match the shape and features of the player, the assembly 10 fits more closely to the body of the player, thus reducing grab points.

[0158] The lower rear members 230a, 230b include externally recessed segments 236a, 236b configured to couple with the lower rear portion 168a, 168b of the arch members 120a, 120b using the rear arch links 830a, 830b of the arch coupler assembly 800. The rear members 230a, 230b also include a central coupling zone 250a, 250b, where the lower rear members 230a, 230b are coupled to each other using the upper and lower front rear straps 730, 750. Each of the lower rear members 230a, 230b also include a rear belt connector zone 240a, 240b configured to couple with an adjustable belt 910a, 910b, where the belt 910a is configured to couple the left lower front member 170a to the left lower rear member 230a and the belt 910b is configured to couple the left lower front member 170b to the left lower rear member 230b to secure the human torso protective assembly 10 around the player P. Further, a central region 260a, 260b of the rear members 230a, 230b include vent openings 262a, 262b that can reduce weight and add to the comfort of the player.

[0159] Referring to FIGS. 43-44, the lower rear members 230a, 230b include upper externally recessed segments 236a, 236b arranged in an upper portion and defined by an interface side wall 237a, 237b formed by the change in surface level of the recessed segments 236a, 236b. The interface side wall 237a, 237b can be shaped to substantially match the shape of the edge portion of the lower rear portion 168a, 168b, with a clearance. The left and right upper externally recessed segments 236a, 236b include coupling holes 238a, 238b configured to receive connectors 840 to couple the rear arch links 830a, 830b to the rear members 230a, 230b, where the arch links 830a, 830b are further coupled to the arch members 120a, 120b. For example, in the illustrative embodiment, the recessed segments 236b includes two coupling holes 238b spaced apart, so that the rear members 230b are secured in a position to pivot with respect to the upper arch member 120b at the holes coupling hole 169b. In other words, the overlapping portion of the lower rear portion 168a, 168b of the arch members 120a, 120b and the externally recessed segments 236a, 236b forms a rear interface region 234a, 234b. The size or area of overlap of the rear interface region 234a, 234b changes with the movement of the lower rear portion 168a, 168b the arch members 120a, 120b with respect to the externally recessed segments 236a, 236b and the interface side wall 237a, 237b of the rear member 230a, 230b.

[0160] The central coupling zone 250a, 250b includes upper strap holes 254a, 254b and lower strap holes 256a, 256b. The upper and lower strap holes 254a, 254b, 256a, 256b are configured to couple with the upper and lower rear straps 730, 750 to secure the lower rear members 230a, 230b over the back of the player P.

[0161] The rear belt connector zone 240a, 240b is positioned in a lower side section of the lower rear members 230a, 230b and includes a rear pivot aperture 242a, 242b and rear coupling slot 244a, 214b configured to couple with the belt assembly 900. In particular, the rear pivot aperture 242a, 242b and rear coupling slot 244a, 244b are configured to couple to the rear belt segment 942a, 942b of respective left and right belts 910a, 910b. The rear pivot aperture 242a, 242b is configured to receive the rear pivot connector 970a, 970b coupled to the end of the rear belt segment 942a, 942b. The rear coupling slot 244a, 244b is configured to receive the rear slot connector 960a, 960b coupled to the rear belt segment 942a, 942b spaced apart from the rear pivot connector 970a, 970b. The rear belt segment 942a, 942b can pivot about the rear pivot connector 970a, 970b contained in the pivot aperture 242a, 242b, where the rear slot connector 960a, 960b is configured to slide within the rear coupling slot 244a, 244b relative to the movement of the belt 910a, 910b. The movement of the rear slot connector 960a, 960b is limited by the lower and upper slot limit edge 246a, 246b, 248a, 248b at the ends of the rear coupling slots 244a, 244b. In the illustrative embodiment, the lower slot limit edge 246a, 246b is arranged to substantially align with the vertical position of the pivot aperture 242a, 242b. The rear coupling slots 244a, 244b can have linear or curvilinear shape, such that the radial distance is substantially the same between positions within the rear coupling slots and the pivot aperture 242a, 242b.

[0162] Referring to FIGS. 43-44, the vent opening 262a, 262b can be formed in the rear member 230a, 230b and positioned centrally with respect to the rear arch interface region 234a, 234b, central coupling zone 250a, 250b, and rear belt connector zone 240a, 240b in a central region 260a, 260b. For example, in the illustrative embodiment, the vent openings 260a, 260b are substantially triangular in shape. The vent openings 262a, 262b have a non-circular shape and are sized with an inner vent perimeter 264a, 264b and has transition surfaces 264a, 264b that extend from the inner vent perimeter 264a, 264b to the surrounding the outer surface 231a, 231b of the central region 260a, 260b. For example, the transition surfaces 264a, 264b can be bevels formed in the rear member 230a, 230b at the central region 260a, 260b angling inward to the vent opening 262a, 262b. The vent opening 262a, 262b and respective transition surfaces 264a, 264b are configures such that the transition surfaces protrude from the inner surface of the rear member 230a, 230b and cooperate with the rear lower pads 520a, 520b.

iv. Sternum Member

[0163] As shown at least in FIGS. 1, 2, and 23, the central member or sternum member 270 couples to the front chest members 170a, 170b to cover and protect the xiphoid process. The central member or sternum member 270 includes a pair of central slots 276a, 276b in a recessed receptacle 274 configured to receive the retaining or middle sternum strap 760 to couple the sternum member 270 to the left and right lower front chest members 170a, 170b. Additionally, the perimeter edge extent of the sternum plate 270 is recessed relative to an adjacent extent of the chest plate. In this arrangement, the sternum member 270 reduces the number of grab points that an opposing player can grasp and manipulate to the detriment of the player wearing the human torso protective assembly 10 by covering the upper and lower front sternum straps 720, 740 that secure the front chest members 170a, 170b over the chest of the player P. In particular, the sternum member 270 is configured to couple the left and right lower front chest members 170a, 170b at the central interface region or sternum interface region 190a, 190b. As shown in FIG. 23, the upper front sternum strap 720 is coupled to the left and right upper strap connection holes 194a, 194b and the lower front sternum strap 740 is coupled to the left and right lower strap connection holes 196a, 196b. The sternum member 270 is coupled by the retaining strap 760 to the left and right lower front chest members 170a, 170b at the left and right securement slots 198a, 198b. The retaining strap 760 configured to secure the sternum member 270 to the chest members 170a, 170b within the sternum interface region 190a, 190b. The sternum member 270 can receive a central pad or sternum pad 570 affixed to at least a portion of the interior surface of the sternum member 270 and arranged between the sternum member 270 and sternum interface region 190a, 190b.

[0164] This arrangement of straps 720, 740, 760 with respect to the sternum member 270 in the sternum interface region 190a, 190b is best shown in FIGS. 5-10. In FIG. 7, the cross-section at the sagittal plane of the sternum member 270 coupled to the left and right lower front chest members 170a, 170b. The retaining strap 760 is received in the pair of central slots 276a, 276b in a recessed receptacle 274 and though the securement slots 198a, 198b of the lower front chest members 170a, 170b and secured forming a loop. As such, an extent of the retaining strap 760 is outward facing from the receptacle 274 of the sternum member 270 and an inward or player facing portion is secured between the lower front chest members 170a, 170b and the lower front pads 470a, 470b. For example, the retaining strap 760 can include two opposing ends that are secured by fasteners (e.g. Velcro, hook and loop, snaps, etc.) or coupled in another manner (e.g. sewn together, adhesive, bonded, etc.). The recessed receptacle 274 is configured such that the extent positioned of the retaining strap 760 positioned within a recessed receptacle 274 of the sternum member 270 does not substantially protrude beyond the sternum member surface that surrounds the recessed receptacle 274.

[0165] In FIG. 10, a cross-section of the connection of the upper and lower front sternum straps 720, 740 coupled by connectors 770 at the right upper and lower strap connection holes 194b, 196b are shown. The connectors 770 are received through the right upper and lower strap connection holes 194b, 196b of the sternum interface region 190b of the front chest member 170b and through upper and lower front sternum straps 720, 740, and do not penetrate the sternum member 270, the sternum pad 570, or front pad 470b. In this figure, the retaining strap 760 is shown as received within the right securement slot 198b of the of the front chest member 170b.

b. Shoulder Member Assemblies

[0166] Referring to at least FIGS. 29-35 and 45-49, the left and right shoulder member assemblies 300a, 300b configured to coupled to respective upper arch members 120a, 120b and overlie the acromioclavicular (AC) joint and shoulder regions of the player P. The shoulder member assemblies 300a, 300b include left and right epaulets 310a, 310b and left and right lower caps 360a, 360b. The upper epaulets 310a, 310b each include an outer mounting recess 314a, 314b, upper segment 312a, 312b, lower segment 318a, 318b, and a lower angular corrugation 340a, 340b. The lower angular corrugation 340a, 340b provides rigidity and is positioned between the upper segment 312a, 312b and lower segment 318a, 318b. The upper segment 316a, 316b is configured to couple to the lateral, shoulder, or spaulder mounting recess 144a, 144b via the upper bands 860a, 860b and overlie the lateral interface region 154b. The lower segment 318a, 318b of the epaulets 310a, 310b is configured to overlie the externally recessed segment 366a, 366b of the lower shoulder cap 360a, 360b.

[0167] As shown in at least FIGS. 27-32, the upper bands 860a, 860b of the shoulder band assembly 850 couple the epaulets 310a, 310b of the shoulder member assemblies 300a, 300b to the respective upper arch members 120a, 120b and the lower bands 870a, 870b couple lower caps 360a, 360b to the upper epaulets 310a, 310b. In particular, the outer mounting recess 314a, 314b of the epaulets 310a, 310b includes a recess surface 315a, 315b of the outer mounting recess 314a, 314b configured to receive and couple upper band 860a, 860b and a lower surface 320a, 320b configured to receive and couple lower band 870a, 870b.

[0168] As shown in FIGS. 16 and 32-34, the upper bands 860a, 860b extend between and are coupled to the lateral, shoulder, or spaulder mounting recess 144a, 144b of the upper arch members 120a, 120b to the outer mounting recess 314a, 314b of the epaulets 310a, 310b. The upper and lower bands 860a, 860b, 870a, 870b are arranged on opposite surfaces of the outer mounting recess 314a, 314b, such that the lower bands 870a, 870b further extend to couple the lower caps 360a, 360b. The same pair of connectors 880 extend through the upper bands 860a, 860b, epaulets 310a, 310b, and lower bands 870a, 870b. As shown in FIG. 48, the lower bands 870a, 870b are coupled to the upper segment 316a, 316b on the lower surface 320a, 320b of the epaulets 310a, 310b and extend to couple to the lower surface 368a, 368b of the externally recessed segment 366a, 366b of the lower caps 360a, 360b. The flexible nature of the upper and lower bands 860a, 860b, 870a, 870b enable the shoulder member assemblies 300a, 300b to move with the movement of the player. For example, as shown in FIG. 74, the shoulder member assemblies 300a, 300b do not constrain the movement of the arms of the player. The shoulder member assemblies 300a, 300b bend or fold at the upper and lower bands 860a, 860b, 870a, 870b with the movement of the arms, and return to a neutral position (FIG. 73) when the arms are lowered.

c. Interface Regions

[0169] Referring to FIGS. 1-3 and 21-27, the outer protective member assembly 100 of the assembly 10 includes the following interface regions: (i) upper frontal interface region or frontal arch interface region 174a, 174b, (ii) upper rear interface region or rear arch interface region 234a, 234b, (iii) central interface region or sternum interface region 190a, 190b, (iv) lateral, shoulder, or spaulder interface region 154a, 154b, and (v) shoulder interface region 364a, 364b. Each of these interface regions are provided by a recessed segment of a member of the outer protective member assembly 100 that underlies a segment or portion of an adjacent member of the assembly 100 or adjacent member of a shoulder member assembly 300. The interfaces regions are formed by overlying/underlying extents of outer protective members, where said region only extends to an outer surface of the outer protective member that is positioned within 0.5 mm of the inner surface of the adjacent outer protective member. As shown in the Figures, the extent and area of the externally recessed segment of the members of the outer protective member assembly 100 exceed the extent and area of the associated interface region of the overlapping segments in a neutral state S.sub.N prior to an impact being received by the torso protective assembly 10. The extent and area of the interface regions 154a, 154b, 174a, 174b, 234a, 234b, 364a, 364b varies with the impact state of the torso protective assembly 10namely, (i) in a neutral state S.sub.N prior to an impact, (ii) during an impact, and (iii) after an impact. In other words, when the assembly 10 is in the neutral state S.sub.N, with the player's arms at the sides, the interface regions 154, 174, 234, 364 are at a maximum overlap.

i. Front and Rear Upper Interface Regions

[0170] Movement of the player causes displacement of the assembly 10 from the neutral state S.sub.N and reduces the area of overlap in the upper interface regions 174, 234. For example and referring to FIGS. 21-22, the upper frontal interface region 174b is defined by an upper externally recessed segment 176b of the right lower chest member 170b that underlies the lower frontal portion 160b of the right upper arch member 120b. The extent and area of the upper externally recessed segment 176b of the right lower chest member 170b exceeds the extent and area of the upper frontal interface region 174b in the neutral state. In other words, when in a neutral state S.sub.N, the lower frontal portion 160b overlaps only a portion of the upper externally recessed segment 176b. The right arch link 810b along with three link connectors 840 that interact and function together to secure the lower right front member 170b to the upper right member 120b. The right arch pad 420b is configured with an outer surface 421b that substantially conforms with the central attachment portion 126b of the inner surface 124b of the right upper arch member 120b. As such the right arch pad 420b does not extend into the lower frontal portion 160b, allowing some translation and rotation of the right upper arch member 120b and/or the right lower chest member 170b at the upper frontal interface region 174b.

[0171] For example, as shown in FIG. 29, the front coupling link 810b is coupled by connector 841 at the coupling pivot hole 161a, 161b, where the coupling pivot hole 161a, 161b is positioned off-center within the lower frontal portion 160a, 160b at a distance from the front lowermost edge 159a, 159b of the upper members 120a, 120b and between the edge of the central opening 50 and a plane that intersects the an upper angular corrugation or haute-piece 134a, 134b. Similarly, as shown in FIG. 29, the front coupling link 810b is coupled by connector 841 at the coupling pivot hole 161a, 161b, where the coupling pivot hole 161a, 161b is positioned off-center within the lower frontal portion 160a, 160b at a distance from the front lowermost edge 159a, 159b of the upper members 120a, 120b and between the edge of the central opening 50 and a plane that intersects the an upper angular corrugation or haute-piece 134a, 134b.

[0172] Referring to FIGS. 74A, 74C, and 11A-11C, when the assembly 10 is in the neutral state, with the player's arms at the sides, the upper frontal interface region 174a, 174b is at a maximum overlap. In this position, the front lowermost edge 159a, 159b of the upper arch 120a, 120b is arranged within the upper externally recessed segment 176a, 176b of the front member 170a, 170b. In particular, a midpoint of the front lowermost edge 159a, 159b is defined as a first reference point (RP1) and the midpoint of the interface side wall 177a, 177b is defined as a second reference point (RP2). In the neutral state S.sub.N, the distance between the first reference point (RP1) and second reference point (RP2) is defined as a front neutral state separation distance or a front first separation distance (d.sub.sf1).

[0173] In FIGS. 74B, 74D, and 12A-12C, when the players hands are above his head in a deployed state or extended state S.sub.E, the upper frontal interface region 174a, 174b is substantially minimized because of the flexible connection between the chest member 170a, 170b and the arch member 120a, 120b. In other words, when the player raises his hands, the extent of the interface region 174a, 174b is reduced because the bottom extent of the arch 120a, 120b pivots away from the chest member 170a, 170b. In the extended state S.sub.E, the distance between the first reference point (RP1) and second reference point (RP2) is defined as a front extended state separation distance or a front second separation distance (d.sub.sf2). In FIGS. 11C and 12C, the extension distances d.sub.ef1, d.sub.ef2 between pin connectors 841 and 842 are also indicated for the neutral and extended states, respectively. As can be understood, the arrangement of the front member 170a, 170b coupled to the upper arch member 120a, 120b at the front coupling pivot hole 161a, 161b and the flexible nature of the front coupling links 810a, 810b allows for various positioning combinations and various states in addition to the illustrative examples provided.

[0174] In the extended state, an external region 121a, 121b of the frontal portion 160a, 160b of the left and right arch members 120a, 120b resides external at least 1 inch, preferably at least 1.5 inches, to an exterior edge of the recessed segments 176a, 176b of the left and right members 170a, 170b, respectively. Conversely, when in the extended state, an internal region 121c, 121d of the frontal portion 160a, 160b of the left and right arch members 120a, 120b resides internal at least 1 inch, preferably at least 1.5 inches, to an interior edge the recessed segments 176a, 176b of the left and right members 170a, 170b, respectively. These positional relationships and dimensions help ensure smooth movement between the neutral state S.sub.N and extended state S.sub.E, which improves the impact attenuation performance of the protective assembly 10 and its comfort and wearability for the player P.

[0175] Similarly, as shown in FIG. 26, the upper rear interface region 234b is defined by an externally recessed segment 236b of the right lower rear member 230b that underlies a lower rear portion 168b of the right upper arch member 120b. The extent and area of the externally recessed segment 236b of the right lower rear member 230b exceeds the extent and area of the upper rear interface region 234b in the neutral state S.sub.N. In other words, when in the neutral state S.sub.N, the lower rear portion 168b overlaps only a portion of the externally recessed segment 236b. The right arch link 830b along with three link connectors 840 that interact and function together to secure the lower right rear member 230b to the upper right member 120b. For example, as shown in FIGS. 28-29, the rear coupling link 830b is coupled by connector 841 at the coupling pivot hole 169a, 169b, where the coupling pivot hole 169a, 169b is positioned off-center within the lower rear portion 168a, 168b at a distance from the front lowermost edge 167a, 167b of the upper members 120a, 120b and between the edge of the central opening 50 and a plane that intersects the an upper angular corrugation or haute-piece 134a, 134b.

[0176] As will be described in greater detail, the right arch pad 420b is configured with an outer surface 421b that substantially conforms with the central attachment portion 126b of the inner surface 124b of the right upper arch member 120b. As such the right arch pad 420b does not extend into the lower rear portion 168b, allowing some translation and rotation of the right upper arch member 120b and/or the right lower rear member 230b at the upper rear interface region 234b. For example, when the player raises his hands, the bottom extent of the arch 120a, 120b pivots away from the rear member 230a, 230b, reducing the extent of the interface region 234a, 234b.

[0177] Referring to FIGS. 13A-13C, similar to the front arrangement, the upper rear interface region 234a, 234b is at a maximum overlap when the assembly 10 is in the neutral state S.sub.N. In this position, the rear lowermost edge 167a, 167b of the upper arch 120a, 120b is arranged within the upper externally recessed segment 236a, 236b of the rear member 230a, 230b. In particular, a midpoint of the rear lowermost edge 167a, 167b is defined as a third reference point (RP3) and the midpoint of the interface side wall 177a, 177b is defined as a fourth reference point (RP4). In the neutral state S.sub.N, the distance between the third reference point (RP3) and fourth reference point (RP4) is defined as a rear neutral state separation distance or a rear first separation distance (d.sub.sr1). Referring to FIGS. 14A-14C, when the players hands are above his head in a deployed state or extended state S.sub.E, the upper rear interface region 234a, 234b is substantially minimized because of the flex between the rear member 230a, 230b and the arch member 120a, 120b. In other words, when the player raises his hands, the extent of the interface region 234a, 234b is reduced because the bottom extent of the arch 120a, 120b pivots away from the rear member 230a, 230b. In the extended state S.sub.E, the distance between the third reference point (RP3) and fourth reference point (RP4) is defined as a rear extended state separation distance or a rear second separation distance (d.sub.sr2). In FIGS. 13C and 14C, the extension distances d.sub.er1, d.sub.er2 between pin connectors 841 and 842 are also indicated for the neutral and extended states, respectively. As can be understood, the arrangement of the rear member 230a, 230b coupled to the upper arch member 120a, 120b at the rear coupling pivot hole 169a, 169b and the flexible nature of the front coupling links 830a, 830b allows for various positioning combinations and various states in addition to the illustrative examples provided.

ii. Other Interface Regions

[0178] As another example shown in FIG. 23, the left central interface region 190a is defined by a central externally recessed segment 192a of the left lower chest member 170a that underlies a left interface segment 272a of the central member 270. Similarly, the right central interface region 190b is defined by a central externally recessed segment 192b of the right lower chest member 170b that underlies a right interface segment 272b of the central member 270. The left and right lower chest members 170a, 170b are coupled to each other at left and right central recessed segments 192a, 192b via the upper and lower sternum straps 720, 740 of the strap assemblies 710, and the central member 270 is secured via the retaining strap or middle sternum strap 760. This arrangement of the central member 270 over the central interface regions 190a, 190b allows some relative movement of the arch assemblies 102a, 102b with respect to each other, while protecting the player in the front central region.

[0179] Examples of the right lateral and shoulder interface regions 154b, 364b are shown in FIGS. 24-25. The lateral interface region 154b is defined by an externally recessed segment 156b of the right upper arch member 120b that underlies an upper segment 316b of the right epaulet 310b of the right shoulder member assemblies 300b. Additionally, the shoulder interface region 364b of the right lower shoulder member or cap 360b is defined by an externally recessed segment 366b that underlies a lower segment 318b of the right upper shoulder member or epaulet 310b.

[0180] Overlapping segments of adjacent members of the outer protective member assembly 100 creates a partially nested or stacked configuration that increases the range of motion of the human torso protective assembly 10, while reducing the thickness of the outer protective member assembly 100. Reducing this thickness reduces grab points that an opposing player can grasp and manipulate to the detriment of the player wearing the human torso protective assembly 10.

E. INNER ENERGY ATTENUATION ASSEMBLY

[0181] Referring to FIGS. 51-53, the inner energy attenuation assembly 400 includes a torso padding assembly 410 and left and right shoulder padding assemblies 600a, 600b. The torso padding assembly 410 includes: (i) left and right arch pads 420a, 420b affixed to respective right and left upper arch members 120a, 120b; (ii) left and right chest pads 470a, 470b affixed to respective left and right lower front members 170a, 170b; and (iii) left and right rear pads 520a, 520b affixed to respective left and right lower rear members 230a, 230b. The torso padding assembly 410 can also include front interface pads 540a, 540b, rear interface pads 550a, 550b, a sternum pad 570, and/or a back plate pad 580. The shoulder padding assemblies 600a, 600b include epaulet pads 610a, 610b and lower cap pads 660a, 660b.

[0182] Materials and thicknesses of the individual pads of the inner energy attenuation assembly 400 can be carefully selected or adjusted to reduce discomfort and improve the dissipation of impact forces. This approach enables the integration of advanced energy-absorbing materials, strategic variation in thickness and density of padding, and tailoring of key regions for optimal impact mitigation. In addition, by closely matching the player's anatomy, the assembly minimizes protrusions or gapscommonly referred to as grab pointsthat an opponent could exploit. This not only preserves the athlete's balance and stability during gameplay but also contributes to a sleek, modern aesthetic that aligns with professional standards. Reduced bulk and the elimination of unnecessary contours reflect a careful engineering approach that instills athlete confidence and upholds high-level aesthetic expectations.

[0183] The individual pads of the inner energy attenuation assembly 400 may include one or more energy absorbing materials (e.g. polyurethane foam, elastomer, other compressible material, etc.). The individual pads 420, 470, 520, 610, 660 can be the same or different materials and molded to the shapes described herein. For example, the energy absorbing material used in the chest pads 470 may be different than the energy absorbing material used in the lower cap pads 660. Additionally, the energy absorbing material may be selected based on the player preferences, position, or skill level. For example, a pad having a predetermined shape selected for an individual player can be made from a further selection of materials of different densities or stiffnesses. In various examples, the pads may include an outer cover made of a durable material (e.g. vinyl, polyester, nylon, polypropylene, etc.)

a. Torso Padding Assembly

[0184] Unlike conventional shoulder pad assemblies, the discrete pads 420, 470, 520 of the torso padding assembly 410 are affixed to corresponding components of the outer protective member assembly 100 and coupled by the arch coupler assembly 800 to form the arch assemblies 102a, 102b. Referring to FIGS. 51-53 and 58, the discrete pads 420, 470, 520 of the torso padding assembly 410 include at least one arrangement of recesses formed in outer surface of said pad configured to receive an extent of a protective member 120, 170, 230, which reduces the overall thickness of the protective assembly 10 and provides it with a lower profile, as compared to conventional shoulder pad assemblies. Additionally, the shapes of the pads 420, 470, 520 and arrangement within the outer protective member assembly 100 reduce the chance that another player can come into contact with an edge of the outer protective member while playing the contact sport and it reduces the number of points that the opposing player can grab and pull.

[0185] Referring to FIGS. 51-53 and 58, the pads 420, 470, 520 can include: (i) a first arrangement of recesses 402, (ii) a second arrangement of recesses 404, and (iii) a third arrangement of recesses 406. The first arrangement of recesses 402 (e.g., member receiving recesses 440, 480, 532 of pads 420, 470, 520) are configured to receive an extent of a protective member (e.g., the left and right upper members 120a, 120b, 170a, 170b, 230a, 230b) of the outer protective member assembly 100, which reduces the overall thickness of the protective assembly 10 and provides it with a lower profile, as compared to conventional shoulder pad assemblies. It also reduces the chance that another player can come into contact with an edge of the outer protective member while playing the contact sport and it reduces the number of points that the opposing player can grab and pull. The second arrangement of recesses 404 are positioned within the first arrangement of recesses 402 and are cooperatively dimensioned to account for the recesses that are formed within certain portions of the outer protective member assembly 100. For example, the second arrangement of recesses 404 can include mounting recess 444 and spaulder recess 454 of the upper arch pads 420. Finally, the third arrangement of recesses 406 may be positioned within the second arrangement of recesses 404 and are cooperatively dimensioned to account for the securement assembly 700. For example, the third arrangement of recesses 406 can include link recess 478, belt zone recess 510, and securement recesses 482 of the front lower pad 470.

[0186] Accordingly, the surface area encompassed by the first arrangement of recesses 402 is larger than the surface area encompassed by the second arrangement of recesses 404. Additionally, the surface area encompassed by the third arrangement of recesses 406 is less than the surface areas encompassed by either of the first and second arrangement of recesses 402, 404. Further, it should be understood that each discrete pad 420, 470, 520 of the inner energy attenuation assembly 400 may include: (i) one or a plurality of recesses contained in the first, second, and third recesses 402, 404, 406, (ii) one or a plurality of recesses contained in the first and second recesses 402, 404, (iii) one or a plurality of recesses contained in the first recesses 402, and/or (iv) no recesses.

i. Arch Pads

[0187] As shown in FIGS. 57-62, the arch pads 420a, 420b are configured to be affixed to the upper arch members 120a, 120b. In particular, a substantial portion of the outer surface 421a, 421b is configured to cooperate with the central attachment portion 126a, 126b of the inner surface 124a, 124b of the upper arch members 120a, 120b. The arch pads 420 include features that cooperate with the contours of the arch members 120, including: an apex portion 428, a front arch portion 458, and a rear arch portion 466. Referring to FIG. 16, the apex portion 428 of the arch pads 420 include a collar edge 430 and an upper angular corrugation or haute-projection 434. The collar edge 430 is configured to cooperate with the collar or raised neck lip 130 and extends beyond the outer surface 122 of the arch members 120 to provide padding between the raised neck lip 130 and the neck of the player. The upper angular corrugation or haute-projection 434 is cooperatively dimensioned to mate with the inner surface 124 of the haute-projection 134 of the arch member 120.

[0188] Referring to FIGS. 57-62, the arch pads 420 additionally include a mounting recess 444, a spaulder recess 454, and securement recesses 442 formed in the outer surface 421 of the arch pad 420. The arch pad 420 is shaped such that a substantial portion of the surface of the member receiving recess 440 is cooperatively dimensioned with the inner surface 124 of the arch member 120. The arch pad 420 further includes a mounting recess 444, a spaulder recess 454, and securement recesses 442 formed within the member receiving recess 440. The mounting recess 444 and the spaulder recess 454 are cooperatively dimensioned to mate with the lower surface of the lateral, shoulder, or spaulder mounting recess 144 and externally recessed segment 156. The mounting recess 444 can further include connector indents 446 to accommodate the connectors 880 that couple the upper band 860 to the arch member 120. Additionally, one or more securement recesses 442 can be formed in the member receiving recess 440 to accommodate means of fastening the arch pad 420 to the arch member 120. For example, the arch pad 420 can be coupled by cooperating fastener segments (e.g. Velcro, hook and loop, snaps, etc.) or coupled in another manner (e.g. adhesive, etc.). In various examples, the one or more securement recesses 442 can formed in the front and rear arch portions 458, 466.

[0189] Ridge formed in the outer surface 122a, 122b of the arch member 120a, 120a by the haute-projection 134 includes an internal recess in the inner surface 124a, 124b, wherein a substantial extent of the internal recess is occupied by an extent of the arch energy attenuation member 420a, 420b (FIG. 16). The arch pad 420 is coupled to the arch member 120 and positioned such that the haute-projection 434 is received into the haute-projection 134 of the arch member 120 for alignment. Similarly, the mounting recess 444 and the spaulder recess 454 are positioned adjacent to the inner surface 124 of the spaulder mounting recess 144 and externally recessed segment 156. Although the arch pad 420 is shaped to couple with a substantial portion of the arch member 120, the arch pad 420 tapers in thickness along the front and rear arch portions 458, 466 that extend from the apex portion 428. As such, the arch pad 420 does not cover the lower frontal portion 160 and lower rear portion 168 of the arch member 120 and does not interfere with the front or rear arch interface regions 174, 234. In some embodiments, front and rear interface pads 540, 550 can be affixed to the lower frontal portion 160 and the lower rear portion 168 of the arch member 120 to reduce wear between members 120, 170, 230. The front and rear interface pads 540, 550 are shaped to cover an extent of the inner surface 124 of lower frontal portion 160 and lower rear portion 168.

ii. Front Chest Pads

[0190] As shown in FIGS. 63-64, the lower chest pads 470a, 470b are configured to be affixed to the lower chest members 170a, 170b. In particular, a substantial portion of the outer surface 471a, 471b is configured to cooperate with the lower surface 172a, 172b of the lower chest members 170a, 170b. The lower chest pad 470 includes a member receiving recess 480, an upper interface region recess 474, central interface region recess 490, a belt zone recess 510, and securement recesses 482 formed in the outer surface 471 of the lower chest pad 470. The lower chest pad 470 is shaped such that a substantial portion of the surface of the member receiving recess 480 is cooperatively dimensioned with the lower surface 172 of the lower chest member 170, forming a rim 484 in the chest pad 470 to receive at least an extent of the edge of the lower chest member 170. An outer edge portion 486 extends from the rim 484 to the perimeter of the chest pad 470, tapering in thickness, thus reducing grab points. In some examples, the lower chest pad 470 can also include underside recesses 498 formed in the inner surface 472 of the lower chest pad 470.

[0191] Within the member receiving recess 480, the upper interface region recess 474 is cooperatively dimensioned to mate with the lower surface of the upper externally recessed segment 176 and can include link recess 478 to accommodate the arch link couplers 810 and connectors 840 that couple the front arch member 120 to the lower chest member 170. The central interface recess 490 is also formed within the member receiving recess 480 and is cooperatively dimensioned to mate with the lower surface of the central externally recessed segment 192 and can include connector indents 494 to accommodate the connectors 770 that couple the upper and lower front sternum straps 720, 740 to the lower chest member 170. The belt zone recess 510 is also formed within the member receiving recess 480 and is configured to allow movement of the front belt segment 932 between the lower chest member 170 and the lower chest pad 470. In some examples, the belt zone recess 510 can additionally include pivot indents 512 and 514 to accommodate the connectors 968, 958 that couple the belt 910 to the lower chest member 170. Additionally, one or more securement recesses 482 can be formed in the member receiving recess 480 to accommodate means of fastening the chest pad 470 to the lower chest member 170.

iii. Rear Lower Pads

[0192] As shown in FIGS. 65-66, the lower rear pads 520a, 520b are configured to be affixed to the lower rear members 230a, 230b. In particular, a substantial portion of the outer surface 521a, 521b is configured to cooperate with the lower surface 172a, 172b of the lower rear members 230a, 230b. The lower rear pads 520a, 520b include a central vent opening 523a, 523b that aligns with the vent opening 262a, 262b in lower rear members 230a, 230b. In particular, the central vent opening 523a, 523b has similar dimensions and non-circular shape that correspond with the inner vent openings 262a, 262b of the lower rear members 230a, 230b. For example, in the illustrative embodiment, the vent openings 262a, 262b of the lower rear members 230a, 230b and central vent opening 523a, 523b of the lower rear pads 520a, 520b are substantially triangular in shape. The central vent opening 523a, 523b of the rear lower pads 520a, 520b are configured to cooperate with the transition surfaces 264a, 264b of respective vent opening 262a, 262b that protrude from the inner surface of the rear member 230a, 230b. The central vent openings 523a, 523b are configured to reduce weight without compromising the structure of the lower rear pads 520a, 520b.

[0193] Additionally, the lower rear pad 520 includes a member receiving recess 532, an upper interface recess 524, belt zone recess 536, and securement recesses 538 formed in the outer surface 521 of the lower rear pad 520. The lower rear pad 520 is shaped such that a substantial portion of the surface of the member receiving recess 532 is cooperatively dimensioned with the lower surface 232 of the lower rear member 230, forming a rim 534 in the rear pad 520 to receive at least an extent of the edge of the lower rear member 230. An outer edge portion 535 extends from the rim 534 to the perimeter of the chest pad 520, tapering in thickness, thus reducing grab points.

[0194] Within the member receiving recess 532, the upper interface recess 524 is cooperatively dimensioned to mate with the lower surface of the upper externally recessed segment 236 and can include link recess 525 to accommodate the arch link couplers 830 and connectors 840 that couple the front arch member 120 to the lower rear member 230. The central interface recess 526 is also formed within the member receiving recess 532 and is configured to accommodate the upper and lower front sternum straps 720, 740 that couple the lower rear members 230a, 230b. The belt zone recess 536 is also formed within the member receiving recess 532 and is configured to allow movement of the rear belt segment 942 between the lower rear member 230 and the lower rear pad 520. Additionally, one or more securement recesses 538 can be formed in the member receiving recess 532 to accommodate means of fastening the rear pad 520 to the lower rear member 230. In some examples, the lower rear pad 520 can also include underside recesses 539 formed in the inner surface 522 of the lower rear pad 520.

b. Shoulder Padding Assemblies

[0195] Referring to FIGS. 28, 51-56, and 67-70, the shoulder padding assemblies 600a, 600b include left and right upper shoulder pads or left and right epaulet pads 610a, 610b and left and right lower shoulder pads or left and right lower cap pads 660a, 660b. The epaulet pads 610a, 610b are configured to be affixed to a lower surface 320a, 320b of the epaulet members 310a, 310b. The lower cap pads 660a, 660b are configured to be affixed to lower surfaces 368a, 368b of the lower cap members 360a, 360b. The epaulet pads 610a, 610b provide padding between the lower segment 318a, 318b of the epaulets 310a, 310b and the externally recessed segment 366a, 366b of the lower cap members 360a, 360b. The lower cap pads 660a, 660b provide padding between the player and the lower cap members 360a, 360b.

[0196] As shown in FIGS. 69-70, the epaulet pads 610a, 610b have a substantially uniform thickness and are shaped to conform with the lower surface 320a, 320b of the epaulets 310a, 310b. The epaulet pads 610a, 610b include a lower segment portion 612 and a pair of arm portions 614. The lower segment portion 612 is shaped to cover an extent of the lower surface 320a, 320b of the lower segment 318a, 318b of the epaulets 310a, 310b. The pair of arm portions 614 extend from opposite ends of the lower segment portion 612 and are configured to cover lower edge segments 326a, 326b that extend between the lower segment 318a, 318b to the outer mounting recess 314a, 314b of the epaulets 310a, 310b. The ends 616 of the pair of arm portions 614 are configured to be affixed within a lower surface indenture 328a, 328b formed by the outer mounting recess 314a, 314b and the curvature of the upper segment 316a, 316b on the lower surface 320a, 320b of the epaulets 310a, 310b.

[0197] As shown in FIGS. 67-68, the lower cap pads 660a, 660b are configured to be affixed to the lower cap members 360a, 360b. In particular, a substantial portion of the upper surface 664a, 664b is configured to cooperate with the lower surface 368a, 368b of the lower cap members 360a, 360b. The lower cap pad 660 include a member receiving recess 668, a band coupling recess 672, and securement recesses 676 formed in the upper surface 664 of the lower cap pad 660. In some examples, the lower cap pad 660 can also have underside recesses 686 positioned opposite the band coupling recess 672. The lower cap pad 660 is shaped such that a substantial portion of the surface of the member receiving recess 668 is cooperatively dimensioned with the lower surface 368 of the lower cap member 360, forming a rim 670 in the cap pad 660 to receive at least an extent of the edge of the lower cap member 360. Within the member receiving recess 668, the band coupling recess 672 is cooperatively dimensioned to mate with the lower surface of the outer mounting recess 314 and can include connector indents 674 to accommodate the connectors 880 that couple the lower band 870. Additionally, one or more securement recesses 676 can be formed in the member receiving recess 668 to accommodate means of fastening the cap pad 660 to the lower cap member 360. For example, the cap pad 660 can be coupled by cooperating fastener segments (e.g. Velcro, hook and loop, snaps, etc.) or coupled in another manner (e.g. adhesive, etc.).

c. Arch Assemblies

[0198] The human torso protective assembly 10 provides a modular configuration to protect the torso region of the player. Specifically, the left and right arch assemblies include: right and left upper arch members 120a, 120b, left and right lower front members 170a, 170b, left and right lower rear members 230a, 230b, left and right arch pads 420a, 420b, left and right chest pads 470a, 470b and left and right rear pads 520a, 520b. The torso member assembly or cuirass 110 arch members 120a, 120b, lower front members 170a, 170b, and lower rear members 230a, 230b, which are coupled to each other with the arch coupler assembly 800. The individual pads of the torso padding assembly 410 include arch pads 420a, 420b affixed to respective upper arch members 120a, 120b, chest pads 470a, 470b affixed to respective lower front members 170a, 170b; and rear pads 520a, 520b affixed to respective lower rear members 230a, 230b.

[0199] As described herein the features of the left and right portions of the human torso protective assembly 10 are substantially similar and mirrored across the sagittal plane, including the upper arch members 120a, 120b, front and rear lower members 170a, 170b, 230a, 230b. Although the features are substantially the same, in various examples, the human torso protective assembly 10 is modular and can include one or more members 120a, 120b, 170a, 170b, 230a, 230b of the outer protective member assembly 100 and/or one or more pads 420a, 420b, 470a, 470b, 520a, 520b of the inner energy attenuation assembly 400 that are selected or customized to fit an individual player. For example, the human torso protective assembly 10 can include different sized components for the left lower front member, left lower front pad, left lower rear pad, and right lower rear pad, where each are specifically sized and/or selected for an individual player.

d. Shoulder Assemblies

[0200] The shoulder assemblies 104a, 104b couple to the left and right upper arch members 120a, 120b of the torso member assembly 110. The shoulder assemblies 104a, 104b include shoulder member assemblies 300 and shoulder padding assemblies 600 coupled by the shoulder band assemblies 850. The shoulder member assemblies 300 and shoulder padding assemblies 600 are configured to allow the player to move (e.g. raise and/or extend arms) and to protect the shoulder regions of the player P by attenuating the energy from an impact in that region.

F. SECUREMENT ASSEMBLY

[0201] As shown in FIG. 52, the securement assembly 700 includes components to couple individual members of the outer protective member assembly 100 and to secure the human torso protective assembly 10 to the player P. In particular, the securement assembly 700 includes (i) an arch coupler assembly 800 to couple the front and rear lower members 170a, 170b, 230a, 230b to the upper arch members 120a, 120b, (ii) shoulder band assemblies 850 to couple the shoulder member assemblies 300 to the upper arch members 120a, 120b, (iii) strap assemblies 710 to laterally couple the left and right lower front members 170a, 170b and the left and right lower rear members 230a, 230b, and (iv) belt assemblies 900 configured to couple the front and rear lower members 170a, 170b, 230a, 230b to each other around the player P to secure the human torso protective assembly 10 to the player P. As will be described in further detail, the various pivoting axes A.sub.1-A.sub.8 and example folding lines F.sub.1-F.sub.8 of the components are indicated.

a. Arch Coupler Assembly

[0202] The arch coupler assembly 800 includes left and right front arch links 810a, 810b, left and right rear arch links 830a, 830b, and various connectors, pins, or rivets 840. Each of the arch links 810a, 810b, 830a, 830b have rounded triangular shape including an upper coupling portion 812a, 812b, 832a, 832b a central portion 814a, 814b, 834a, 834b, a lower coupling portion 816a, 816b, 836a, 836b, and three connectors, pins, or rivets 841, 842, 843. For example, a first connector 841 is coupled to the upper coupling portion 812b of the right front arch link 810b and the second and third connectors 842, 843 are linearly space apart and coupled to the lower coupling portion 816b. The left and right front arch links 810a, 810b are configured to couple the front lower members 170a, 170b to the lower frontal portion 160a, 160b of the upper arch members 120a, 120b. Similarly, the left and right rear arch links 830a, 830b are configured to couple the rear lower members 230a, 230b to the lower rear portion 168a, 168b of the upper arch members 120a, 120b. For example, as shown in FIGS. 22, 30, and 32, the first connector 841 of the right front arch link 810b is received into a front coupling pivot hole 161a, 161b formed in the lower frontal portion 160a, 160b of the upper arch member 120b and the second and third connectors 842, 843 couple the right front arch link 810b to the front lower member 170b. Similarly, in FIG. 29, the first connector 841 of the right rear arch link 830b is received into a rear coupling pivot hole 169a, 169b formed in the rear lower extent of the upper arch member 120b and the second and third connectors 842, 843 couple the right rear arch link 830b to the rear lower member 230b.

[0203] The arch coupler assembly 800 includes left and right front arch links 810a, 810b, left and right rear arch links 830a, 830b, and various connectors 840, such as connector pins or rivets 841, 842, 843. Each of the arch links 810a, 810b, 830a, 830b have rounded triangular shape including an upper coupling portion 812a, 812b, 832a, 832b a central portion 814a, 814b, 834a, 834b, a lower coupling portion 816a, 816b, 836a, 836b, and the three connector pins 841, 842, 843. For example, the first connector pin 841 is coupled to the upper coupling portion 812b of the right front arch link 810b and the second and third connector pins 842, 843 are linearly space apart and coupled to the lower coupling portion 816b. The left and right front arch links 810a, 810b are configured to couple the front lower members 170a, 170b to a lower frontal portion 160a, 160b of the upper arch members 120a, 120b. Similarly, the left and right rear arch links 830a, 830b are configured to couple the rear lower members 230a, 230b to a lower rear interface segment 168a, 168b of the upper arch members 120a, 120b. For example, as shown in FIGS. 22, 30, and 32, the first connector 841 of the right front arch link 810b is received into a front coupling pivot hole 161a, 161b formed in the lower frontal portion 160a, 160b of the upper arch member 120b and the second and third connector pins 842, 843 couple the right front arch link 810b to the front lower member 170b. Similarly, in FIG. 29, the first connector 841 of the right rear arch link 830b is received into a rear coupling pivot hole 169a, 169b formed in the rear lower extent of the upper arch member 120b and the second and third connectors 842, 843 couple the right rear arch link 830b to the rear lower member 230b.

[0204] As shown at least in FIGS. 21 and 26, when in a neutral state S.sub.N, the arch pads 420a, 420b affixed to the upper arch members 120a, 120b do not touch the lower chest pads 470a, 470b affixed to the front lower members 170a, 170b or the lower rear pads 520a, 520b affixed to the front lower members 230a, 230b. Excluding the pads from the front and rear interface regions 174a, 174b, 234a, 234b allow for movement of one or more members 120a, 120b, 170a, 170b, 230a, 230b to conform with the movement of the player or in response to an impact received. As such the lower frontal portion 160a, 160b of the upper arch members 120a, 120b can be displaced changing the overlapping area of the upper arch members 120a, 120b and the lower members 170a, 170b and/or lower members 230a, 230b at the interface regions 174a, 174b, 234a, 234b. The regions 174a, 174b, 234a, 234b can include front and rear interface pads 540a, 540b, 550a, 550b that are thin pads affixed to the inner surface of the lower frontal portion 160a, 160b and lower rear portion 168a, 168b to reduce wear on the exterior surface of the front and rear upper externally recessed segments 176a, 176b, 236a, 236b.

[0205] Again referring to FIG. 52, the central portions 814b, 834b of the right front and rear arch links 810b, 830b and left front and rear arch links 810a, 830a are shown with example folding lines F.sub.1-F.sub.4, respectively. The individual arch links 810a, 810b, 830a, 830b are made of a flexible material (e.g. BioThane, coated polyester webbing, etc.) that can bend or fold when an exterior force or impact acts on the upper arch members 120a, 120b and/or the front and rear lower members 170a, 170b, 230a, 230b. In in some examples, the upper and lower portions 812, 816, 832, 836 can be reinforced or have a greater thickness than the central portions 814, 834 of the arch links 810, 830 to reinforce the area around the connectors 840 and allows deformation of the central portions 814, 834. The folding lines F.sub.1-F.sub.4, indicate a mid-line in the central portion 814a, 814b, 834a, 834b between the upper portions 812a, 812b, 832a, 832b and lower portions 816a, 816b, 836a, 836b of the arch links 810b, 830b, 810a, 830a. Although the folding lines F.sub.1-F.sub.4 are shown as an example of a position that the central portion 814a, 814b, 834a, 834b may bend or fold, the flexible nature of the arch links 810a, 810b, 830a, 830b, allows for deformation along other line segments of the central portion 814a, 814b, 834a, 834b, as well as twisting of the arch links 810b, 830b, 810a, 830a at the central portion depending on the state of the human torso protective assembly 10 as the player P engages in the sport. For example, a side or upward impact (force) received at the right lower member 170b may cause the right lower member 170b to move toward the upper arch member 120b, such that the arch link 810b is at least partially compressed, forming a bend or fold in the central portion 814a, 814b, 834a, 834b.

b. Shoulder Band Assemblies

[0206] As shown in at least FIGS. 35, 45-47, and 50, the shoulder band assemblies 850 couple the shoulder member assemblies 300 to the upper arch members 120a, 120b. The shoulder band assemblies 850 include left and right upper bands 860a, 860b, left and right lower bands 870a, 870b, and various connectors or rivets 880. The upper and lower bands 860a, 860b, 870a, 870b are substantially rectangular in shape and made from a flexible material (e.g. BioThane, coated polyester webbing, etc.). The left and right upper bands 860a, 860b include an inner portion 862 configured to couple to the upper arch members 120a, 120b, a deformable middle portion 864, and an outer portion 866 configured to couple to respective epaulets 310a, 310b. The lower bands 870a, 870b include an inner portion 872 configured to couple to a lower surface 320a, 320b of the epaulets 310a, 310b, a deformable middle portion 874, and an outer portion 876 configured to couple to respective shoulder caps 360a, 360b to the epaulets 310a, 310b.

[0207] Referring to FIGS. 45-46, an example of the right shoulder member assembly 300b is shown, coupled by the right upper and lower bands 860b, 870b. In FIG. 45, the outer portion 866b of the right upper band 860b couples to the outer mounting recess 314a, 314b of the epaulets 310a, 310b and the inner portion 862b of the right upper band 860b is configured to couple to the spaulder mounting recess 144b of the upper arch member 120b (FIGS. 29-30). FIG. 46 shows the underside of the right shoulder member assembly 300b, where the lower band 860b couples the upper segment 316b of the epaulet 310b to the lower cap 360b. The connectors 880 are used to secure the bands 860b, 870b and include a pair of upper connectors 882b, a pair of middle connectors 884b, and a pair of lower connectors 886b. The pair of upper connectors 882 are configured to couple the right upper band 860b to the upper arch member 120b. The pair of middle connectors 884 are configured to couple the right upper band 860b to the recess surface 315b of the right epaulet 310b and the right lower band 870b to the lower surface 320b of the right epaulet 310b. The pair of lower connectors 886 are configured to couple the right lower band 870b to the lower surface 368b of the lower cap 360b, such that the lower segment 318b overlaps the shoulder cap 360b in the externally recessed segment 366b. The arrangement of overlapping shoulder components is best shown in FIG. 16.

[0208] Referring to FIG. 52, the middle portions 864a, 864b, 874a 874b of the upper and lower bands 860a, 860b, 870a 870b are shown with example folding lines F.sub.5-F.sub.8, respectively. The individual bands 860a, 860b, 870a 870b are made of a flexible material that can bend or fold when an exterior force or impact acts on an extent of a shoulder member assembly 300a, 300b. In some examples, the inner and outer portions 862, 866, 872, 876 can be reinforced or have a greater thickness than the central portions 864, 874 of the bands 860, 870 to reinforce the area around the connectors 880 and allows deformation of the central portions 864, 874. The folding lines F.sub.5-F.sub.8, indicate a mid-line in the middle portion 864a, 864b, 874a, 874b between the upper portions 862a, 862b, 872a, 872b and lower portions 866a, 866b, 876a, 876b of the bands 860a, 860b, 870a, 870b. Although the folding lines F.sub.5-F.sub.8 are shown as an example of a position that the middle portion 864a, 864b, 874a, 874b may bend or fold, the flexible nature of the bands 860a, 860b, 870a, 870b allows for deformation along other line segments of the middle portion 864a, 864b, 874a, 874b, as well as twisting of the bands 860a, 860b, 870a, 870b at the middle portion depending on the state of the human torso protective assembly 10 as the player P engages in the sport. For example, as shown in FIG. 74, the shoulder member assemblies 300a, 300b do not constrain the movement of the arms of the player. The shoulder member assemblies 300a, 300b bend or fold at the upper and lower bands 860a, 860b, 870a, 870b with the movement of the arms, and return to a neutral position (FIG. 73) when the arms are lowered.

c. Strap Assemblies

[0209] Referring to FIGS. 23, 26, 28 and 52, the strap assemblies 710 couple the left and right lower members 170a, 170b, 230a, 230b to each other at the sternum and spine regions. The strap assemblies 710 include an upper front sternum strap 720, an upper rear sternum strap 730, a lower front sternum strap 740, a lower rear sternum strap 750, a retaining strap 760, and various connectors or rivets 770.

[0210] As shown in FIG. 23, the upper front sternum strap 720 is coupled to the left and right upper strap connection holes 194a, 194b in the central externally recessed segment 192a, 192b of the lower front members 170a, 170b. The lower front sternum strap 740 is coupled to the left and right lower strap connection holes 196a, 196b. The retaining strap 760 configured to secure the sternum member 270 to the chest members 170a, 170b within the sternum interface region 190a, 190b. In particular, the retaining strap 760 is received in the pair of central slots 276a, 276b in a recessed receptacle 274 of the sternum member 270 and though the securement slots 198a, 198b of the lower front chest members 170a, 170b and secured forming a loop. As such, an extent of the retaining strap 760 is outward facing from the receptacle 274 of the sternum member 270 and an inward or player facing portion is secured between the lower front chest members 170a, 170b and the lower front pads 470a, 470b. For example, the retaining strap 760 can include two opposing ends that are secured by fasteners (e.g. Velcro, hook and loop, snaps, etc.) or coupled in another manner (e.g. sewn together, adhesive, bonded, etc.). The sternum member 270 can receive a central pad or sternum pad 570 affixed to at least a portion of the interior surface of the sternum member 270 and arranged between the sternum member 270 and sternum interface region 190a, 190b.

d. Belt Assemblies

[0211] As shown at least in FIGS. 1-3, 28, and 52, the left and right belt assemblies 900 are configured to couple the left and right lower members 170a, 170b, 230a, 230b to secure the human torso protective assembly 10 to the player P. The left and right belt assemblies 900 include left and right belts 910a, 910b that couple to the torso protective assembly 10 at the front and rear belt connector zones 210a, 210b, 240a, 240b. Specifically, the left belt 910a includes a front belt portion 930a that couples to the left front lower member 170a at the front belt connector zone 210a and a rear belt portion 940a that couples to the left rear lower member 230a at the rear belt connector zone 240a. Similarly, the right belt 910b includes a front belt portion 930b that couples to the right front lower member 170b at the front belt connector zone 210b and a rear belt portion 940b that couples to the right rear lower member 230b at the rear belt connector zone 240b.

[0212] Each front belt portion 930a, 930b includes a front belt segment 932a, 932b and a first buckle interlocking part 938a, 938b, where the front belt segment 932a, 932b has a first end section 934a, 934b configured to couple to the front lower member 170a, 170b and a second end 936a, 936b that secures the first buckle interlocking part 938a, 938b. The front belt segment 932a, 932b can have a length that extends beyond the front lower member 170a, 170b such that the first buckle interlocking part 938a, 938b is accessible. Similarly, each rear belt portion 940a, 940b includes a rear belt segment 942a, 942b and a second buckle interlocking part 948a, 948b suitable to engage with the first buckle interlocking part 938a, 938b. The rear belt segment 942a, 942b has a first end section 944a, 944b configured to couple to the rear lower member 230a, 230b and a second end 936a, 946b that secures the second buckle interlocking part 948a, 948b. The rear belt segment 942a, 942b can be configured with a length that is substantially longer that the length of the front belt segment 932a, 932b and adjustable to secure the torso protective assembly 10 around the player when the second buckle interlocking part 948a, 948b is engaged with the first buckle interlocking part 938a, 938b of the front belt segment 932a, 932b. In various examples, the front belt segment 932a, 932b can also be adjustable.

[0213] Referring to FIGS. 1, 2, 21, and 41-42, each of the left and right front belt connector zones 210a, 210b formed in a lower region of the front lower member 170a, 170b includes a front pivot aperture 212a, 212b and a front coupling slot 214a, 214b spaced apart from each other. The front belt segment 932a, 932b of the adjustable belt 910a, 910b is pivotably attached to the front lower member 170a, 170b by a front pivot connector 968a, 968b at front pivot aperture 212a, 212b and also attached by the front slot connector 958a, 958b at front coupling slot 214a, 214b. As shown in FIG. 21, the front pivot connector 968a, 968b and front slot connector 958a, 958b are secured to the first end section 934a, 934b of the front belt segment 932a, 932b and spaced apart, such that the front belt segment 932a, 932b is free to pivot about the front pivot connector 968a, 968b and the front slot connector 958a, 958b is free to slide within the front coupling slot 214a, 214b, the front slot connector 958a, 958b being closer to the end of the front belt segment 932a, 932b opposite the buckle end. As shown in FIG. 32, the lower end or lower slot limit edge 216a, 216b of the front coupling slot 214a, 214b being substantially aligned in a horizontal direction with the front pivot aperture 212a, 212b. The front coupling slot 214a, 214b being curvilinear or arcuate in shape, such that any position of the front slot connector 958a, 958b within the front coupling slot 214a, 214b is about the distance (r.sub.1, r.sub.2) from the front pivot aperture 212a, 212b. The rotation of the front belt portion 930a, 930b is limited by the lower slot limit edge 216a, 216b and upper slot limit edge 218a, 218b of the front coupling slot 214a. An extent of the front belt portion 930a, 930b, including the first end section 934a, 934b, resides between the front lower member 170a, 170b and the lower front pads 470a, 470b. As shown in FIG. 52, the lower front pads 470a, 470b include a belt zone recess 510a, 510b to allow movement of the extent of the front belt portion 930a, 930b.

[0214] Similarly, as shown in FIGS. 3, 26, and 27, each of the left and right rear belt connector zones 240a, 240b formed in a lower region of the rear lower member 230a, 230b includes a rear pivot aperture 242b and a rear coupling slot 244b spaced apart from each other. As shown in FIGS. 26 and 27, the rear belt segment 942a, 942b of the rear belt portion 940a, 940b has a first end section 944a, 944b being pivotably attached to the rear lower member 230a, 230b by rear pivot connector 970a, 970b at rear pivot aperture 242a, 242b and also attached by rear slot connector 960a, 960b at rear coupling slot 244a, 244b. An extent of the rear belt portion 940a, 940b, including the first end section 944a, 944b, resides between the rear lower member 230a, 230b and the lower rear pads 520a, 520b. As shown in FIG. 53, the lower rear pads 520a, 520b include a belt zone recess 536a, 536b to allow movement of the extent of the rear belt portion 940a, 940b.

[0215] The rear pivot connector 970b and rear slot connector 960b are secured to the first end section 944a, 944b of the rear belt segment 942a, 942b and spaced apart at about the distance (r.sub.3, r.sub.4), such that the rear belt portion 940a, 940b is free to pivot about the rear pivot connector 970b and the rear slot connector 960b is free to slide within the rear coupling slot 244b. The lower slot limit edge 246a, 246b of the rear coupling slot 244b being substantially aligned in a horizontal direction at a distance (r.sub.3, r.sub.4) from the rear pivot aperture 242b. The rear coupling slot 244b being curvilinear or arcuate in shape, such that any position of the rear slot connector 960b within the rear coupling slot 244b is about the distance (r.sub.3, r.sub.4) from the rear pivot aperture 242b. The motion of the belt portion 940a, 940b is limited by the lower slot limit edge 246a, 246b and upper slot limit edge 248a, 248b of the rear coupling slot 244b.

[0216] As shown in at least FIGS. 1-3, a back plate 280 including the back plate pad 580 can optionally be coupled to the rear lower member 230a, 230b without interfering with connection of the belt 910a, 910b coupled at the rear belt connector zones 240a, 240b. The back plate 280 includes back plate straps 780a, 780b that couple to rear lower member 230a, 230b with attachment connectors 770 (e.g. rivets, snaps, fasteners, etc.).

[0217] The slots 214a, 214b, 244a, 244b formed in the front and rear lower members 170a, 170b, 230a, 230b allow for additional movement of the left and right adjustable belts 910a, 910b with respect to left or right arch assemblies 102a, 102b as the player moves, while maintaining a secure fit of the human torso protective assembly 10 on the player. As shown in various figures, the slot connectors 958a, 958b, 960a, 960b are free to move independently within respective slots 214a, 214b, 244a, 244b to provide improved impact response movement and range of motion movement while maintaining the correct protective placement of the human torso protective assembly 10 on the player. Additionally, when the left and right adjustable belts 910a, 910b is in an unbuckled position, the slots 214a, 214b, 244a, 244b in the front belt connector zone 210a, 210b and a rear belt connector zone 240a, 240b are configured to limit the rotational movement of front belt portions 930a, 930b and rear belt portions 940a, 940b to facilitate the coupling of the adjustable belts 910a, 910b.

G. Spatial Data Collection, Processing and Fitment System for a Protective Assembly for a Human Torso

[0218] The components and/or assembly contained in the human torso protective assembly 10 may be selected from a plurality of components and/or a plurality of assemblies based upon player data, wherein said selection may be done using any known method including the methods disclosed in 63/734,345. In particular, said methods may include: (i) selecting a single pre-manufactured component (e.g., left chest member 170a or central energy attenuation component 570), (ii) multiple pre-manufactured components (e.g., right spaulders 300b or left energy attenuation assembly 600), (iii) an entire pre-manufactured assembly (e.g., inner energy attenuation assembly 400), or (iv) an entire human torso protective assembly 10. Additionally, a selection of a first components and/or assembly may be utilized to: (i) directly select other components, assemblies, or products, (ii) indirectly select other components and/or assemblies based on algorithms or methodologies that utilize neural networks, artificial intelligence, machine learning, linear regression analysis, combinations of the same, and/or any know method of selecting a component, assembly, or product based on the selection of a first component, (iii) indirectly select other component based player information (e.g., player level, position, or age), and/or player impact data. A spatial data collection, processing and fitment system 2000 can be configured to implement said methods.

[0219] The below table shows a list of potential pre-manufactured components contained in the outer protective member assembly 100 that may be selected from for a specific player. Moreover, an upper left member 120a of a specific player's human torso protective assembly 10 may be selected from the 16 pre-manufactured left members 120a. In another example, the specific player's human torso protective assembly 10 may include a central member 270 that has been selected from the 3 pre-manufactured central members 270. It should be understood that the below table is a non-limiting example of the pre-manufactured components of the outer protective member assembly 100. As such, it should be understood that there may be less or more sizes and configurations of components contained within the outer protective member assembly 100. Further, some components (e.g., central member 270) may be common for all players.

TABLE-US-00001 ARCH TA > 24 but TA > 28 but TA < 24 TA < 28 TA < 32 TA > 32 A0-P00 A1-P00 A2-P00 A3-P00 A0-P01 A1-P01 A2-P01 A3-P01 A0-P02 A1-P02 A2-P02 A3-P02 A0-P03 A1-P03 A2-P03 A3-P03 A0-P10 A1-P10 A2-P10 A3-P10 A0-P11 A1-P11 A2-P11 A3-P11 A0-P12 A1-P12 A2-P12 A3-P12 A0-P13 A1-P13 A2-P13 A3-P13 A0-P20 A1-P20 A2-P20 A3-P20 A0-P21 A1-P21 A2-P21 A3-P21 A0-P22 A1-P22 A2-P22 A3-P22 A0-P23 A1-P23 A2-P23 A3-P23 A0-P30 A1-P30 A2-P30 A3-P30 A0-P31 A1-P31 A2-P31 A3-P31 A0-P32 A1-P32 A2-P32 A3-P32 A0-P33 A1-P33 A2-P33 A3-P33 CHEST Less Med More Defined Defined Defined C0-P00 C1-P00 C2-P00 C0-P01 C1-P01 C2-P01 C0-P02 C1-P02 C2-P02 C0-P03 C1-P03 C2-P03 C0-P10 C1-P10 C2-P10 C0-P11 C1-P11 C2-P11 C0-P12 C1-P12 C2-P12 C0-P13 C1-P13 C2-P13 C0-P20 C1-P20 C2-P20 C0-P21 C1-P21 C2-P21 C0-P22 C1-P22 C2-P22 C0-P23 C1-P23 C2-P23 C0-P30 C1-P30 C2-P30 C0-P31 C1-P31 C2-P31 C0-P32 C1-P32 C2-P32 C0-P33 C1-P33 C2-P33 REAR Less Defined More Defined R0 R2 R0-P00 R2-P00 R0-P01 R2-P01 R0-P02 R2-P02 R0-P03 R2-P03 R0-P10 R2-P10 R0-P11 R2-P11 R0-P12 R2-P12 R0-P13 R2-P13 R0-P21 R2-P21 R0-P22 R2-P22 R0-P23 R2-P23 R0-P30 R2-P30 R0-P31 R2-P31 R0-P32 R2-P32 R0-P33 R2-P33 STERNUM Short Mid Long ST0 ST1 ST2 CAP & EP Skilled Standard Hitter CE0 CE1 CE2 BACK PAD Skilled Hitter BP0 BP1

[0220] The below table shows a list of potential pre-manufactured components contained in the inner energy attenuation assembly 400 that may be selected from for a specific player. For example, each energy attenuation component may have up to 20 different energy attenuation components that may be selected for each pre-manufactured components contained in the outer protective member assembly 100. In other words, fitment system 2000 may select a pre-manufactured energy attenuation arch for the player from 320 different pre-manufactured energy attenuation arches because each of the 16 outer arch members may have 20 different pre-manufactured energy attenuation arches. In this example, there are five different thicknesses for each outer arch member, and each thickness is associated with two different curvatures and two different stiffnesses. It should be understood that the below table is a non-limiting example of the pre-manufactured components of the inner energy attenuation assembly 400. As such, it should be understood that there may be less or more sizes and configurations of components contained within the inner energy attenuation assembly 400. Further, some components (e.g., central member 270) may be common for all players. It should be understood that the selection of the upper left member 120a may be different from the selection of the upper right member 120b. Moreover, the human torso protective assembly 10 may or may not be symmetric about the sagittal plane. This is beneficial because it allows the human torso protective assembly 10 to be uniquely adapted to the specific player's body.

TABLE-US-00002 T1 C1S1 C1S2 C2S1 C2S2 T2 C1S1 C1S2 C2S1 C2S2 T3 C1S1 C1S2 C2S1 C2S2 T4 C1S1 C1S2 C2S1 C2S2 T5 C1S1 C1S2 C2S1 C2S2

[0221] It should also be understood that the sizes and number of components contained within each size may be pre-determined (e.g., determined before the fitting of the specific player) based upon data that has previously been collected from players or from other sources. In particular, player information (including player body part data) may be collected using any step described above and then manipulated using any known clustering, tabulating, or sorting method including density-based, distribution-based, centroid-based, hierarchical-based, K-means clustering, or any other methods disclosed within U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/719,130. Once the information has been manipulated, then said information can be used to generate an idea player for each cluster, tabulation, and/or group. Said idea players can then be used to form a plurality of pre-manufactured component(s), assemblies, or a product (e.g., complete human torso protective assembly 10).

[0222] Once the sizes and number of components have been determined, then the system 2000 can determine the optimal combination of pre-manufactured components that best fit the player's body part (e.g., torso). Said optimal combination of pre-manufactured components that best fit the player's body part have an inner surface that substantially matches the outer surface of the player's body part. Alternatively, said optimal combination of pre-manufactured components that best fit the player's body part have an inner surface is the closer to the outer surface of the player's body part then all other combinations of pre-manufactured components. Further, said optimal combination of pre-manufactured components that best fit the player's body part may ensure that the component fits within a pre-determined percentage of a measurement obtained from the player's body part or body part model.

[0223] For example, the player's trapezius angle may be calculated by determining the angle between a first reference plane and a second reference plane, wherein said first reference plane is parallel to a support surface the player is standing on and intersects the player's neck at the player's trapezius at a reference point and the second reference plane may extend from the reference point to the player's acromioclavicular (AC) joint. The player's trapezius angle may then be compared against a plurality of pre-manufactured components that have predefined trapezius angles. This comparison then may identify the pre-manufactured component from the plurality of pre-manufactured components that has a predefined trapezius angle that is within a pre-defined percentage of the player's trapezius angle. Alternatively, if player's trapezius angle is less than a first predetermined angle value (e.g., 24), then the player can be assigned an outer protective arch member with an A0 rating. Alternatively, if the player's trapezius angle is between the first predetermined angle value (e.g., 24) and a second predetermined angle value (e.g., 28), then the player can be assigned an outer protective arch member with an A1 rating. Further, if the player's trapezius angle is between the second predetermined angle value (e.g., 28) and a third predetermined angle value (e.g., 32), then the player can be assigned an outer protective arch member with an A2 rating. Finally, if the player's trapezius angle is greater than the third predetermined angle value (e.g., 32), then the player can be assigned an outer protective arch member with an A3 rating. Once the A rating is assigned to the player, then the player's anatomical distances can be used to determine the height and width of the outer protective arch member. This will allow the designer then to select one of the 16 arch members that are assigned to each A rating.

[0224] It should be understood that a minor amount of pre-compression of some aspects of the optimal combination of pre-manufactured components that best fit the player's body part may be present when said optimal combination of pre-manufactured components are worn by the player. However, said optimal combination of pre-manufactured components are not specifically designed to be pre-compressed when the optimal combination of pre-manufactured components are worn by the player. It should also be understood that any method (e.g., distance, volume, area, models, curvilinear data, pressures, point locations, planes, etc.) might be used to select the pre-manufactured component(s), pre-manufactured assemblies, or a pre-manufactured product for the specific based on the specific player's anatomical features.

[0225] Using the above described anatomical features in connection with the system 2000, four different versions of the torso protective assembly 10 (shown in FIGS. 76-79) were formed based on information derived from data collected from that player using an electronic device. Comparing each of these versions to one another it can be seen that each version of the torso protective assembly 10 has a unique configuration and is specifically tailored to one of the specific players, as demonstrated by the color-coded components (e.g., shown as different patterned surfaces). Moreover, different components were identified and selected for each of the identified players from the above charts. It should be understood that these combinations are designed to illustrate the functionality of the system 2000 and the design modularity and flexibility it provides for the torso protective assembly 10 wherein each component of that assembly 10 can be individually selected for a particular player to ensure that the assembly 10 provides premium energy attenuation performance and fit.

H. ALTERNATIVE EMBODIMENT

[0226] As shown in FIGS. 80-83, an alternative embodiment of human torso protective assembly 1010 is adapted for an alternative embodiment belt assemblies 1900. For sake of brevity, the above disclosure in connection with human torso protective assembly 10 will not be repeated below, but it should be understood that across embodiments, like numbers represent like structures. For example, the disclosure relating to the outer protective member assembly 100 and inner energy attenuation assembly 400 applies in equal force to the outer protective member assembly 1100 and inner energy attenuation assembly 1400. The primary difference between the first embodiment of the human torso protective assembly 10 and the alternative embodiment human torso protective assembly 1010 is the inclusion of a coupler interface region 1200a, 1200b on the lower front members 1170a, 1170b and an alternative belt assembly 1900 that includes left and right belts 1910a, 1910b and left and right belt couplers 1920a, 1920b.

[0227] As shown in FIG. 82, the lower front members 1170a, 1170b include a coupler interface region 1200a, 1200b having a recessed coupler surface 1202a, 1202b configured to accommodate left and right belt couplers 1920a, 1920b. These couplers 1920a, 1920b are directly attached to the lower left and right front members 1170a, 1170b at the recessed coupler surface 1202a, 1202b and can rotate around a central axis within the interface region 1200a, 1200b. The alternative belts 1910a, 1910b are coupled at the rear belt connector zone 1240a, 1240b. The rear belt segment 1942a, 1942b of the rear belt portion 1940a, 1940b having a first end section 1944a, 1944b being pivotably attached to the rear lower member 1230a, 1230b by rear pivot connector 1970a, 1970b at rear pivot aperture 1242a, 1242b and also attached by rear slot connector 1960a, 1960b at rear coupling slot 1244a, 1244b, such that the rear belt portion 1940a, 1940b is free to pivot about the rear pivot connector 1970b and the rear slot connector 1960b is free to slide within the rear coupling slot 1244b. The rear belt portion 1940a, 1940b has a second end 1946a, 1946b that is configured to engage and couple with the belt couplers 1920a, 1920b. In the illustrative embodiment, the belt couplers 1920a, 1920b include a cam lock mechanism that receives a second end 1946a, 1946b of the rear belt portion 1940a, 1940b to adjust and secure the belts 1910a, 1910b. Additional information about the functionality of these couplers 1920a, 1920b is disclosed in connection with U.S. Provisional Application 61/861,536 and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17/741,523, both of which are hereby incorporated by reference.

[0228] Additionally, the human torso protective assembly 1010 can include features that are modified in shape or size when compared to the human torso protective assembly 10. For example, as shown in FIG. 80, the upper arch members 1120a, 1120b can include upper angular corrugation or haute-pieces 1134a, 1134b that extend a shorter distance over the chest and rear regions, yet provide similar structural and alignment features as described with respect to upper angular corrugation or haute-piece 134a, 134b of human torso protective assembly 10. In this alternative embodiment, the upper arch members 1120a, 1120b also include an inwardly recessed segment 1164a, 1164b that is positioned adjacent to the player's arm when the inventive human torso protective assembly 10 is worn. A beveled wall 1165a, 1165b transitions from the primary front outward segment 1163a, 1163b of the upper left and right members 1120a, 1120b to its inwardly recessed segment 1164a, 1164b. The inwardly recessed segment 1164a, 1164b increases comfort of the human torso protective assembly 1010 by reducing the extent of rubbing and interference with the player's arms, while also reducing grab points. In various examples, the lower front members 1170a, 1170b can also include an inwardly recessed segment 1175a, 1175b that continues the shape of the inwardly recessed segment 1164a, 1164b of the upper members 1120a, 1120b.

I. INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION

[0229] As is known in the data processing and communications arts, a general-purpose computer typically comprises a central processor or other processing device, an internal communication bus, various types of memory or storage media (RAM, ROM, EEPROM, cache memory, disk drives etc.) for code and data storage, and one or more network interface cards or ports for communication purposes. The software functionalities involve programming, including executable code as well as associated stored data. The software code is executable by the general-purpose computer. In operation, the code is stored within the general-purpose computer platform. At other times, however, the software may be stored at other locations and/or transported for loading into the appropriate general-purpose computer system.

[0230] A server, for example, includes a data communication interface for packet data communication. The server also includes a central processing unit (CPU), in the form of one or more processors, for executing program instructions. The server platform typically includes an internal communication bus, program storage and data storage for various data files to be processed and/or communicated by the server, although the server often receives programming and data via network communications. The hardware elements, operating systems and programming languages of such servers are conventional in nature, and it is presumed that those skilled in the art are adequately familiar therewith. The server functions may be implemented in a distributed fashion on a number of similar platforms, to distribute the processing load.

[0231] Hence, aspects of the disclosed methods and systems outlined above may be embodied in programming. Program aspects of the technology may be thought of as products or articles of manufacture typically in the form of executable code and/or associated data that is carried on or embodied in a type of machine-readable medium. Storage type media includes any or all of the tangible memory of the computers, processors or the like, or associated modules thereof, such as various semiconductor memories, tape drives, disk drives and the like, which may provide non-transitory storage at any time for the software programming. All or portions of the software may at times be communicated through the Internet or various other telecommunication networks. Thus, another type of media that may bear the software elements includes optical, electrical and electromagnetic waves, such as used across physical interfaces between local devices, through wired and optical landline networks and over various air-links. The physical elements that carry such waves, such as wired or wireless links, optical links or the like, also may be considered as media bearing the software. As used herein, unless restricted to non-transitory, tangible storage media, terms such as computer or machine readable medium refer to any medium that participates in providing instructions to a processor for execution.

[0232] A machine-readable medium may take many forms, including but not limited to, a tangible storage medium, a carrier wave medium or physical transmission medium. Non-volatile storage media include, for example, optical or magnetic disks, such as any of the storage devices in any computer(s) or the like, such as may be used to implement the disclosed methods and systems. Volatile storage media include dynamic memory, such as main memory of such a computer platform. Tangible transmission media include coaxial cables, copper wire and fiber optics, including the wires that comprise a bus within a computer system. Carrier-wave transmission media can take the form of electric or electromagnetic signals, or acoustic or light waves such as those generated during radio frequency (RF) and infrared (IR) data communications. Common forms of computer-readable media therefore include for example: a floppy disk, a flexible disk, hard disk, magnetic tape, any other magnetic medium, a CD-ROM, DVD or DVD-ROM, any other optical medium, punch cards, paper tape, any other physical storage medium with patterns of holes, a RAM, a PROM and EPROM, a FLASH-EPROM, any other memory chip or cartridge, a carrier wave transporting data or instructions, cables or links transporting such a carrier wave, or any other medium from which a computer can read programming code and/or data. Many of these forms of computer readable media may be involved in carrying one or more sequences of one or more instructions to a processor for execution.

[0233] It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the exact details of construction, operation, exact materials or embodiments shown and described, as obvious modifications and equivalents will be apparent to one skilled in the art. While the specific embodiments have been illustrated and described, numerous modifications come to mind without significantly departing from the spirit of the invention, and the scope of protection is only limited by the scope of the accompanying Claims.