Endoscope Comprising Geared Elevator Mechanics

Abstract

An endoscope including a handle having a handle housing and a manually operable element; and an insertion cord having a distal tip unit including an elevator element movable between a first elevator position and a second elevator position. The manually operable element is connected to the elevator element via elevator mechanics and a wire, and a manual operation of the manually operable element is transmitted via the elevator mechanics and the wire to the elevator element such that a first operation position of the manually operable element corresponds to the first elevator position and a second operation position of the manually operable element corresponds to the second elevator position. The elevator mechanics include an operation wheel connected to the manually operable element and including an operation wheel gear portion in meshing engagement with a wire wheel gear portion of a wire wheel connected to the wire.

Claims

1. An endoscope comprising: a handle comprising a handle housing; an insertion cord extending distally from the handle and including a distal tip unit, the distal tip unit comprising an object elevator pivotable between a lowered elevator position and a raised elevator position; an elevator wheel positioned inside the handle housing and including an elevator wheel gear portion, the elevator wheel being rotatable from a first position to a second position and from the second position to the first position; a wire wheel positioned inside the handle housing and including a wire wheel gear portion in meshing engagement with the elevator wheel gear portion; and a wire connected to the wire wheel and the object elevator, wherein rotation of the elevator wheel from the first position to the second position causes the wire wheel and the wire to pivot the object elevator to the raised elevator position, and wherein rotation of the elevator wheel from the second position to the first position causes the wire wheel and the wire to pivot the object elevator to the lowered elevator position.

2. The endoscope of claim 1, further comprising control lever connected to the elevator wheel and extending through the handle housing, the control lever being operable to rotate the elevator wheel.

3. The endoscope of claim 1, further comprising a manually operable element connected to the elevator wheel and extending through the handle housing, the manually operable element configured to rotate the elevator wheel.

4. The endoscope of claim 3, wherein when the manually operable element is moved or rotated in a distal direction the elevator wheel moves toward the second position, and wherein when the manually operable element is moved or rotated in a proximal direction the elevator wheel moves toward the first position.

5. The endoscope of claim 3, wherein the elevator wheel gear portion comprises gear teeth extending radially outwardly from a rotation axis of the elevator wheel, and wherein the wire wheel gear portion comprises gear teeth extending radially outwardly from a rotation axis of the wire wheel.

6. The endoscope of claim 1, wherein an outer radius of the elevator wheel gear portion is greater than an outer radius of the wire wheel gear portion.

7. The endoscope of claim 1, wherein the wire wheel is arranged distally with respect to the elevator wheel.

8. The endoscope of claim 1, further comprising a wire pipe fixed at one end thereof to the handle housing, wherein the wire runs into, and is guided in, the wire pipe.

9. The endoscope of claim 1, further comprising an operation unit, a wire drum, and a steering wire, wherein the insertion cord comprises a bending section, wherein the elevator wheel is arranged coaxially with the operation unit and the wire drum, and wherein the operation unit, the wire drum, and the steering wire are configured, and cooperate, to bend the bending section.

10. The endoscope of claim 1, wherein the wire wheel has an arcuate portion and two edges angled with respect to each other such that the wire wheel has a shape corresponding to a cut-out portion or part of a disc, the wire wheel comprising at least a rotational center and the wire wheel gear portion provided in the arcuate portion.

11. The endoscope of claim 1, wherein a connector part is rotatably mounted on the wire wheel, and the wire is fixedly attached to the connector part.

12. The endoscope of claim 11, wherein a guide rail part is rotatably mounted in the handle housing, and the connector part is slidingly accommodated in the guide rail part.

13. The endoscope of claim 12, wherein the connector part and the guide rail part are arranged distally with respect to the elevator wheel and the wire wheel.

14. The endoscope of claim 12, wherein the connector part comprises a disc-shaped connector mounting portion configured to be rotatably mounted on the wire wheel, and a rod-like slide portion; the guide rail part comprises a distal rail mounting portion configured to be rotatably mounted on the handle housing and a guide rail portion having a guide rail; and the rod-like slide portion of the connector part is slidingly accommodated in the guide rail portion of the guide rail part.

15. The endoscope of claim 14, wherein the wire is looped through and fixed to the disc-shaped connector mounting portion and extends through the rod-like slide portion.

16. The endoscope of claim 12, further comprising a wire pipe, wherein the wire runs into, and is guided in, the wire pipe, and wherein a proximal end portion of the wire pipe is arranged adjacent a distal end portion of the guide rail part and fixed to the handle housing.

17. A visualization system comprising: an endoscope according to claim 1; and a monitor.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES

[0057] The disclosure is explained in more detail below using preferred embodiments and referring to the accompanying figures.

[0058] FIG. 1 shows a side view of elevator mechanics provided in an endoscope handle in a related art endoscope.

[0059] FIG. 2 shows a functional principle of the elevator mechanics of the related art endoscope.

[0060] FIG. 3 shows an explanatory view of a power transmission chain between a manually operable element provided in the endoscope handle and an elevator element provided in a distal tip unit in the related art endoscope.

[0061] FIG. 4 shows a side view of elevator mechanics provided in an endoscope handle according to a first preferred embodiment of the present disclosure, in which a manually operable element is in a first operation position.

[0062] FIG. 5 shows a side view of the elevator mechanics according to the first preferred embodiment of the present disclosure, in which the manually operable element is in a second operation position.

[0063] FIG. 6 shows a side view of the elevator mechanics according to the first preferred embodiment of the present disclosure, with operational parts not forming part of the elevator mechanics being removed.

[0064] FIG. 7 shows a perspective view of the elevator mechanics according to the first preferred embodiment.

[0065] FIG. 8 shows a side view of elevator mechanics provided in an endoscope handle according to a second preferred embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0066] FIG. 9 shows a perspective view of the elevator mechanics provided in the endoscope handle according to the second preferred embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0067] FIG. 10 shows another perspective view of the elevator mechanics provided in the endoscope handle according to the second preferred embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0068] FIG. 11 shows a perspective view of the elevator mechanics provided in the endoscope handle according to the second preferred embodiment of the present disclosure, in which a manually operable element is in a first operation position.

[0069] FIG. 12 shows a perspective view of the elevator mechanics provided in the endoscope handle according to the second preferred embodiment of the present disclosure, in which the manually operable element is in a second operation position.

[0070] FIG. 13 shows a perspective view of an endoscope according to the second preferred embodiment, comprising an endoscope handle and an insertion cord, with an elevator element provided in a distal tip unit of the insertion cord, wherein a manually operable element provided at the endoscope handle is in the first operation position.

[0071] FIG. 14 shows a perspective view of the endoscope according to the second preferred embodiment, comprising the endoscope handle and the insertion cord, with the elevator element provided in the distal tip unit of the insertion cord, wherein the manually operable element provided at the endoscope handle is in the second operation position.

[0072] FIG. 15 shows a side view of a distal tip unit of the endoscope according to the present disclosure with an elevator element in a lowered elevator position.

[0073] FIG. 16 shows a side view of a distal tip unit of the endoscope according to the present disclosure with the elevator element in a raised elevator position.

[0074] The figures are schematic in nature and serve only to understand the disclosure. The features of the different embodiments can be interchanged among each other.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0075] In FIG. 1, FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 a related art endoscope 2 is shown, which has an endoscope handle 4 having a handle housing 6 (only a half shell of the handle housing 6 is shown in FIG. 1) and a manually operable element 8 formed as an elevator control lever, which can be rotated in order to move a shovel-like elevator element, or object elevator, 10 (Albarran lever) provided in the distal tip unit 12 of the endoscope 2 between a lowered position and a raised position. A rotational input applied to the manually operable element 8 leads to a rotation of an operation wheel 14, which is connected to the manually operable element 8. A slider rod 16 is connected to the operation wheel 14 and is also connected to a slider 18. The slider 18 is slidingly arranged in the handle housing 6 of the endoscope handle 4. A wire 20 is fixed to the slider 18. The wire 20 runs into a wire pipe 22 attached to the handle housing 6 and further into an insertion cord 24 of the endoscope 2, in particular to the distal tip unit 12, where the wire 20 is fixed to the elevator element 10. A manual operation of the manually operable element 8 is thus transmitted via elevator mechanics 26—comprising the operation wheel 14, the slider rod 16 and the slider 18—and the wire 20 to the elevator element 10.

[0076] FIG. 2 schematically shows a functional principle of the elevator mechanics 26 of the related art endoscope 2. In solid lines a first operation position 28 of the manually operable element 8 is shown, which corresponds to a first, lowered, elevator position 29 of the elevator element 10 as seen in FIG. 3. In dashed lines a second operation position 30 of the manually operable element 8 is shown, which corresponds to a second, raised, elevator position 31 of the elevator element 10. FIG. 2 shows a rotational center 32 of the operation wheel 14, a first slider rod connection point 34, where the slider rod 16 is connected to the operation wheel 14, and a second slider rod connection point 36 where the slider rod 16 is connected to the slider 18. The manually operable element 8 may rotate around an angle α in order to move between the first operation position 28 and the second operation position 30. In particular, the manually operable element 8 is rotated in a distal direction, which an operator of the endoscope 2 perceives as downward-movement, in order to transfer the manually operable element 8 from the first operation position 28 to the second operation position 30 and thus the elevator element 10 form the first, lowered, elevator position 29 to the second, raised, elevator position 31. The manually operable element 8 is rotated in a proximal direction, which an operator of the endoscope 2 perceives as upward-movement, in order to transfer the manually operable element 8 from the second operation position 30 to the first operation position 28 and thus the elevator element 10 from the second, raised, elevator position 31 to the first, lowered, elevator position 29. Therefore, in the endoscope 2 a motion of the manually operable element 8 is basically inverted by the elevator mechanics 26 such that a downward-movement of the manually operable element 8 results in an upward movement of the elevator element 10 and that an upward-movement of the manually operable element 8 results in a downward-movement of the elevator element 10. This is even better illustrated in the explanatory view shown in FIG. 3. An operator of the endoscope 2 is used to said described motion inversion.

[0077] In order to reach the motion inversion in the related art endoscope 2 it is necessary to connect the slider rod 16 to the operation wheel 14 at a portion of the operation wheel 14 which is approximately diametrically opposed to a portion of the operation wheel 14 where the manually operable element 8 is connected to the operation wheel 14. Said differently, the slider rod 16 may not be connected to the operation wheel 14 at a side of the same where the manually operable element 8 is provided, but has to be connected to the operation wheel 14 at an opposed side. Therefore, the slider rod 16 moves around inside the handle housing 6 of the endoscope handle, in particular in a central portion of an accommodation space defined by the handle housing 6 or even in a portion of the handle housing 6 which is close to a surface/wall which is opposed to a surface/wall at which the manually operable element 8 is provided.

[0078] Due to the moving slider rod 16 inside the handle housing 6, much installation/accommodation space provided inside the handle housing 6 cannot be used for other parts/components like valves which are intended to be accommodated inside the handle housing 6.

[0079] In FIGS. 4 to 7 a first preferred embodiment of the present disclosure is shown, including an endoscope handle 100 of an endoscope 102. The endoscope handle 100 comprises a handle housing 104. The handle housing 104 is formed by two half shells 106, which are attached to each other, e.g. by gluing. Only one of the half shells 106 is shown in the figures, with the other half shell 106 removed for showing parts/components provided inside the handle housing 104. FIGS. 4 to 7 each only show a proximal handle housing portion 108 in its entirety. A distal handle housing portion 110 which is integrally formed with the proximal handle housing portion 108 is only partially shown in the figures. As best seen in FIGS. 13 and 14, the endoscope 102 comprises an insertion cord 112 connected to the endoscope handle 100 and configured to be inserted into a patient's body cavity, wherein the insertion cord 112 comprises an insertion tube 114, an actively bendable bending section 116 and a distal tip unit 118.

[0080] The proximal handle housing portion 108 forms a receiving space 120 for components/parts which are provided for operating the endoscope 102. In particular, the proximal handle housing portion 108 comprises a top surface/wall 122, a bottom surface/wall 124, first and second side surfaces/walls 126 and a front surface/wall 128. In the figures only one of the first and second side surfaces/walls 126 is shown since one of the half shells 106 of the handle housing 104 has been removed. The top surface/wall 122 is arranged opposite the bottom surface/wall 124. The first and second side surfaces/walls 126 are arranged opposite with respect to each other. The front surface/wall 128 is connected to the top surface/wall 122, the bottom surface/wall 124 and the first and second side surfaces 126. A rounded transition area 130 is provided between the front surface/wall 128 and the bottom surface/wall 124. Preferably, the proximal handle housing portion 108 transitions to the distal handle housing portion 110 in a transition region 132 in which a cross-section of the handle housing 104 significantly changes.

[0081] In the rounded transition area 130 between the front surface/wall 128 and the bottom surface/wall 124 a manually operable element 134 is provided. The manually operable element 134 has a control lever 134a and a convexly curved knob 134b with a gripping surface 136, which is ribbed and is provided outside the handle housing 104 in order to be accessible to a user/operator. The control lever of the manually operable element 134 extends through a slot-shaped opening 138 provided in the handle housing 104 into the receiving space 120 defined by the proximal handle housing portion 108. The control lever of the manually operable element 134 is fixedly connected to an operation wheel 140 provided inside the handle housing 104. The operation wheel 140 is rotatably mounted in the handle housing 104. A rotational input provided on the manually operable element 134 by the user/operator results directly in a rotation of the operation, or elevator, wheel 140. More generally, the gripping surface can be any surface outside the handle which an operator can manually move to control the object elevator. The gripping surface can be connected to the elevator wheel via the knob and control lever, as shown. The gripping surface can be part of the elevator wheel if a portion of the elevator wheel is sized to extend outwardly through the slot or can be part of the control lever without the knob. The knob enables use of a thin control lever while providing a comfortably wide control surface and facilitating use of a narrow/small slot in the housing.

[0082] The operation wheel 140 comprises an operation wheel gear portion 142 having external teeth. As can be seen in particular in FIG. 6, the operation wheel 140 has an annular/ring-like disc-shape. The operation wheel gear portion 142 having the external teeth is only provided in an angular range of around 130° to 140° on an outer circumference of the operation wheel 140. The operation wheel gear portion 142 of the operation wheel 140 is in meshing engagement with a wire wheel gear portion 144 of a wire wheel 146. Said differently the external teeth of the operation wheel gear portion 142 are in meshing engagement with external teeth of the wire wheel gear portion 144. The wire wheel 146 has an approximately disc shape and is rotatably mounted in the handle housing 104, in particular around a cylindrical protrusion 148 provided in the handle housing 104. The wire wheel gear portion 144 having the external teeth is only provided in an angular range of around 180° to 190° on an outer circumference of the wire wheel 146. The wire wheel 146 is arranged distally with respect to the operation wheel 140, in particular partially inside the proximal handle housing portion 108 and inside the transition region 132 between the proximal handle housing portion 108 and the distal handle housing portion 110. A radius/diameter of the operation wheel gear portion 142 is greater than a radius/diameter of the wire wheel gear portion 144. As can be best seen in FIG. 7, the operation wheel 140 and the wire wheel 146 both have a flat shape. The radius extends from a rotational center or axis to the end of the external teeth of the respective wheel and may be referred to as the “outer” radius.

[0083] The manually operable element 134 can be rotated between a first operation position 150 shown in FIG. 4 and a second operation position 152 shown in FIG. 5. The first operation position 150 and the second operation position 152 are defined by the slot-shaped opening 138, through which the manually operable element 134 extends. When the manually operable element 134 hits a proximal-most end of the slot-shaped opening 138 (close to the front surface/wall 128), the manually operable element 138 is in the first operation position 150, and when the manually operable element 134 hits a distal-most end of the slot-shaped opening 138 (close to the bottom surface/wall 124), the manually operable element 134 is in the second operation position 152.

[0084] As can be in particular seen in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5, a wire 154 is directly connected to a (radial outer) wire attachment portion 156 of the wire wheel 146. The wire 154 runs into a wire pipe 158, which is attached to, e.g. glued to, the handle housing 104 and which guides the wire 154 in a proximal-distal direction out of the endoscope handle 100 into the (not shown) insertion cord 112, where it is guided towards the distal tip unit 118. In the distal tip unit 118 the wire 154 is fixed to an elevator element 160 formed as an Albarran lever, as e.g. shown in the explanatory view of FIG. 3 relating to the related art endoscope 2. The elevator element 160 can be brought in a first, lowered, elevator position 162 and a second, raised, elevator position 164 as schematically illustrated in FIGS. 13 and 14. When the manually operable element 134 is rotated from the first operation position 150 shown in FIG. 4 to the second operation position 152 shown in FIG. 5 by a user/operator, said manual operation is transmitted via elevator mechanics 166—consisting of the operation wheel 140 and the wire wheel 146—and the wire 154 to the elevator element 160 such that the first operation position 150 of the manually operable element 134 corresponds to the first, lowered, elevator position 162 and the second operation position 152 of the manually operable element 134 corresponds to the second, raised, elevator position 164. Said differently, a distal or downward rotation of the manually operable element 134 leads to an upward movement of the elevator element 160, and a proximal or upward rotation of the manually operable element 134 leads to a downward movement of the elevator element 160. This is reached since the operation wheel 140 and the wire wheel 146 rotate in different directions, or said differently since a motion inversion is provided by the elevator mechanics 166 according to the present disclosure. By moving the elevator element 160 between the first, lowered, elevator position 162 and the second, raised, elevator position 164, it is possible set an angle with respect to a longitudinal axis (proximal-distal-direction) of the distal tip unit 118 at which a tool or instrument coming from a (not shown) working channel 168 of the endoscope 102 is inserted into the patient's body cavity.

[0085] In FIG. 7 a first operation unit 170 and a second operation unit 172 are shown, which are both formed as control wheels. The operation units 170, 172 are arranged concentrically and coaxially with respect to each other and are both provided outside the handle housing 104 so as to be accessible to a user/operator, in particular on one of the first and second side surfaces/walls 126. Each of the operation units 170, 172 is connected to a (not shown) shaft, and each of the shafts is connected to a wire drum 174, in which a steering wire/steering wires for bending the bending section 116 of the insertion cord 112 run. It is evident from FIG. 4, FIG. 5, FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 that the operation wheel 140 is coaxially and concentrically arranged to the operation units 170, 172, the shafts and the wire drums 174. In particular, there is provided an opening in the respective side surface/wall 126 in combination with a hollow cylindrical protrusion 176 extending into the handle housing 104, wherein the operation wheel 140 is arranged/provided/supported on an outer side of the hollow cylindrical protrusion 176 inside the handle housing 104 and the shafts are supported on an inner side of the opening/the hollow cylindrical protrusion 176. As is evident from FIG. 7, the manually operable element 134 and the operation units 170, 172 are preferably spaced apart, as the operation units 170, 172 are provided on the respective side surface/wall 126 and the manually operable element 134 is provided in the rounded transition area 130 between the front surface/wall 128 and the bottom surface/wall 124, such that the manually operable element 134 and the operation units 170, 172 do not mutually affect each other. It is added that the operation units 170, 172, the wire drum 174 and further operation parts are not shown in FIG. 6 in order to better illustrate the elevator mechanics 166.

[0086] Due to the concentric and coaxial arrangement of the operations units 170, 172, the shafts, the wire drums 174 and the operation wheel 140, and due to the arrangement of the wire wheel 146 distally with respect to the operation wheel 140 and in close proximity to the bottom surface/wall 124, there is much space in the proximal handle housing portion 108, in particular above the operation wheel 140 and the wire wheel 146 for other components like a valve assembly 178 having a gas/water injection valve 180 and a suction valve 182 as illustrated in FIG. 8. As can be in particular seen in FIG. 7, the handle housing 104 comprises valve accommodation openings 184, which are provided for accommodating the gas/water injection valve 180 and the suction valve 182.

[0087] The handle 100 is an example of a positioning interface, or interface. A positioning interface functions to control the position of the insertion cord. A handle is an example of a positioning interface and, unless stated otherwise, the terms are used interchangeably. The positioning interface also functions to provide the steering controls, e.g. knobs, levers, buttons, and the like, to steer the field of view of the camera and the elevator controls. Alternatively, a different positioning interface can be provided that is connected to the insertion cord and is detachably connected to a robotic arm. The insertion cord thus extends from the robotic arm, and the intrusive medical device is detachable from the robotic arm. The robotic arm responds to signals, including voice commands from an operator, to rotate, translate, and otherwise position the proximal end of the insertion cord, as an operator would do manually. The positioning interface can include control actuators, including manual control actuators. Alternatively or additionally, control actuators can be provided in or on the robotic arm or by the robotic system including the robotic arm, thereby potentially reducing the cost of the intrusive medical device. Example control actuators include single axis actuators, including linear motion actuators. A linear motion actuator may comprise a threaded rod coupled to a threaded nut portion, in which a motor rotates the rod to translate the nut portion. The elevator wheel may be actuated remotely instead of manually via the knob 134b.

[0088] As is evident when looking at FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 the wire 154 moves quite around inside the handle housing 104 when the wire wheel 146 rotates, which leads to the wire 154 being angled with respect to an orientation/direction of the wire pipe 158, in particular when the manually operable element 134 is in the second operation position 152. In this light, a second preferred embodiment according to the present disclosure, which is shown in FIGS. 8 to 14, has been designed to overcome a problem of the wire 154 moving excessively around, potentially leading to a disconnection of the wire pipe 158 from the handle housing 104 or even to a kinking of the wire pipe 158.

[0089] With respect to the second preferred embodiment according to the present disclosure, only differences compared to the first preferred embodiment are described. Apart from that, the explanations provided for the first preferred embodiment apply mutatis mutandis for the second preferred embodiment.

[0090] According to the second preferred embodiment it also applies that a manual operation/rotation of the manually operable element 134 is transmitted via elevator mechanics 166 comprising an operation wheel 140 having an operation wheel gear portion 142 and a wire wheel 146 having a wire wheel gear portion 144 and a wire 154 to an elevator element 160 provided in the distal tip unit 118 of the insertion cord 112.

[0091] The manually operable element 134 has a concavely curved, ribbed gripping surface 136 according to the second preferred embodiment.

[0092] The wire wheel 146 of the second preferred embodiment has a circular, or arcuate, portion 186 and two edges, namely a first edge 188 and a second edge 190, which are angled with respect to each other, in particular between 90° and 180°. The wire wheel 146 has thus a shape which corresponds to a cut-out portion or part of a disc and thus not a full disc as it is the case in the first preferred embodiment. The wire wheel 146 according to the second preferred embodiment comprises a rotational center 192 defined by an accommodation opening for the protrusion 148, the wire wheel gear portion 144 which is provided in the circular portion 186, and a hollow cylindrically formed bearing portion 194. The bearing portion 194 is provided radially away from the rotational center 192 of the wire wheel 146, in particular in a radially outer portion of the wire wheel 146. A rotation axis of the wire wheel 146 is parallel to an axis of the bearing portion 194. The arcuate portion may comprise an arc of between 80 and 120 degrees, or between 90 and 100 degrees. Although not shown, the elevator wheel may also comprise part of a disc with an arcuate portion comprise an arc of between 80 and 120 degrees, or between 90 and 100 degrees. The portion of the wheel devoid of teeth may be omitted to save space for other components.

[0093] According to the second preferred embodiment and as can be seen in particular in FIGS. 8 and 11 to 14, a connector part 196 is provided which is rotatably mounted on/around the bearing portion 194 of the wire wheel 146. Further a guide rail part 198 is provided which is rotatably mounted in the handle housing 104 of the endoscope handle 100. The connector part 196 is slidingly accommodated in the guide rail part 198. In particular, the connector part 196 comprises a disc-shaped connector mounting portion 200 which is rotatably mounted on the bearing portion 194 of the wire wheel 146, and a rod-like slide portion 202. The guide rail part 198 comprises a rail mounting portion 204 rotatably mounted on (a protrusion of) the handle housing 104 and a guide rail portion 206 having a guide rail 208. The rod-like slide portion 202 of the connector part 196 is slidingly accommodated in the guide rail portion 206 of the guide rail part 198. The rail mounting portion 204 of the guide rail part 198 is provided at a distal portion of the guide rail part 198 and the guide rail portion 206 extends from the rail mounting portion 204 in a proximal direction towards the wire wheel 146. The wire 154 is fixed, e.g. by gluing, crimping, a screwed connection, a soldered connection, etc., to a fixation portion 210 of the connector mounting portion 200 of the connector part 196. The wire 154 is fixed to the connector mounting portion 200 of the connector part 196, forms a loop 212 in the connector mounting portion 200 of the connector part 196, and extends through the slide portion 202 of the connector part 196 and through a wire outlet opening 214 provided in the guide rail part 198. Since the rail mounting portion 204 of the guide rail part 198 is provided at the distal portion/end of the guide rail part 198 adjacent the wire outlet opening 214, the wire outlet opening 214 remains at an approximately stationary/fixed position throughout an operation range of the manually operable element 134, in other words experiences only little rotational displacement. A proximal end portion of the wire pipe 158 is arranged adjacent the wire outlet opening 214 of the guide rail part 198. An extension direction of the proximal end portion of the wire pipe 158 substantially corresponds to an axis of the guide rail portion 206 of the guide rail part 198 and thus to an axis of the rod-like slide portion 202 of the connector part 196, at least in any position of the manually operable element 134 between the first operation position 150 and the second operation position 152.

[0094] A formation of the wire wheel 146 according to the second preferred embodiment can best be seen in the perspective views of FIG. 9 and FIG. 10, in particular as the connector part 196 and the guide rail part 198 are not shown in FIG. 9 and FIG. 10. FIG. 9 shows valve accommodation openings 184 and FIG. 10 shows the valve assembly 178 comprising the gas/water injection valve 180 and the suction valve 182 being assembled in the valve accommodation openings 184. FIG. 8 shows the connector part 196 being rotatably mounted to the wire wheel 146. It becomes clear that when the wire 154 is fixed to the connector part 196 and when the guide rail part 198 orients the connector part 196 as shown in FIG. 8, the wire 154 runs through the connector part 196 and directly into the wire pipe 158.

[0095] FIG. 11 shows the manually operable element 134 in its first operation positon 150, and FIG. 12 shows the manually operable element 134 in its second operation position 152. It becomes clear, that when moving the manually operable element 134 from the first operation position 150 to the second operation position 152, the connector part 196 is retracted in the guide rail part 198, so as to apply a pulling force on a wire 154 fixed to the connector part 196, which pulling force may serve to transfer an elevator element 160 provided in the distal tip unit 118 of the insertion cord 112 to a second, raised, elevator position 164. Moving in the other direction applies a pushing force on the wire.

[0096] FIG. 13 and FIG. 14 show an entire endoscope 102, with a half shell 106 of the handle housing 104 removed. In particular, also the working channel 168 of the endoscope 102 is shown, as well as the insertion tube 114, the bending section 116 and the distal tip unit 118 of the insertion cord 112. It becomes clear that when the manually operable element 134 is in its first operation position 150 shown in FIG. 13, an elevator element 160 formed as Albarran lever is in its first, lowered, elevator position 162, and when the manually operable element 134 is in its second operation position 152 shown in FIG. 14, the elevator element 160 is in its second, raised, elevator position 164. In FIG. 13 and FIG. 14 a monitor M is shown which may be connected to the endoscope 102. The monitor M includes video processing circuits operable to receive image data, present a graphical user interface to allow a user to manipulate image data with a touch screen, and, optionally, output a video signal to allow remote viewing of the images presented with the touch screen. Variations of the monitor M can be provided with various features of the monitor M but including other features. For example, it might not be desirable to provide a display module with a touch screen, or it might be desirable to omit a display module altogether. Omission of the display module might be beneficial to take advantage of evolving video display technologies which improve resolution and reduce cost. Provision of exchangeable medical device interfaces allows for adoption of evolving image sensor and endoscope technologies, thus use of existing or future-developed external video displays could allow presentation of higher resolution or otherwise improved video. Use of external video displays could also leverage existing capital investments.

[0097] Video processing circuits of the monitor may include the display module supported by a housing, medical device interfaces to connect endoscopes, a processor to process instructions to present images with a graphical user interface (GUI), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) to receive the images from the endoscope and output variations thereof to the processor for combining with the GUI, and a video output board to output video. User interfaces may comprise a wireless interface operable to receive user inputs via a mouse, keyboard, or other physical user input devices. Example wireless interfaces include Bluetooth and Zigbee controllers. User interfaces may also comprise a USB port to receive a USB connector including the wireless interface or a USB connector of a wired user input device. Thus, the monitor M provides for flexibility in receiving user inputs via various user input devices, regardless whether a display module is integrated therewith.

[0098] The FPGA is optionally provided because it is capable of rapid power-up (i.e. short boot-up time) and thus is useful in emergency situations. FPGAs may also be provided in the medical device interfaces for the same reasons. FPGAs process data very fast compared to other memory/instruction combinations and are re-programmable. Therefore FPGAs facilitate presentation of a live view of the images captured by the endoscope in real-time with minimal latency so that the physician observing the live view can take immediate actions even in emergency situations. As technology evolves, the functionality of the FPGA may be combined with the processor. The monitor M is therefore not limited to the precise packaged integrated circuits described above but can be constructed to take advantage of design and cost targets and future video processing technologies. For example, faster/more costly memory may be used to increase graphics processing speed. Graphics processing may be provided in the FPGA or a processor that incorporates graphics processing logic may be used instead.

[0099] FIG. 15 shows a side view of the distal tip unit 118 of the endoscope 102 according to the present disclosure with the elevator element 160 formed as Albarran lever in the first, lowered, elevator position 162. FIG. 16 shows a side view of a distal tip unit 118 of the endoscope 102 according to the present disclosure with the elevator element 160 formed as Albarran lever in the second, raised, elevator position 164.

[0100] The following items are examples of various embodiments and variations thereof disclosed above, and others:

[0101] 1. An endoscope (102) comprising: an endoscope handle (100) comprising a handle housing (104) and at least one manually operable element (134); and an insertion cord (112) configured to be inserted into a patient's body cavity and comprising a distal tip unit (118), the distal tip unit (118) comprising an elevator element (160) movable between a first, lowered, elevator position (162) and a second, raised, elevator position (164) for changing a direction of a tool or an instrument inserted into the patient's body cavity via a working channel (168) of the endoscope (102); wherein the manually operable element (134) is connected to the elevator element (160) via elevator mechanics (166) provided inside the handle housing (104) and a wire (154), and a manual operation of the manually operable element (134) is transmitted via the elevator mechanics (166) and the wire (154) to the elevator element (160) such that a first operation position (150) of the manually operable element (134) corresponds to the first, lowered, elevator position (162) and a second operation position (152) of the manually operable element (134) corresponds to the second, raised, elevator position (164); and wherein the elevator mechanics (166) comprise: an operation wheel (140) connected to the manually operable element (134) and comprising an operation wheel gear portion (142); and a wire wheel (146) comprising a wire wheel gear portion (144); wherein the operation wheel gear portion (142) is in meshing engagement with the wire wheel gear portion (144); and wherein the wire (154) is connected to the wire wheel (146).

[0102] 2. Endoscope (102) according to item 1, wherein the elevator mechanics (166) are configured such that when the manually operable element (134) is moved or rotated in a distal direction from the first operation position (150) to the second operation position (152), the elevator element (160) is transferred from the first, lowered, elevator position (162) to the second, raised, elevator position (164); and when the manually operable element (134) is moved or rotated in a proximal direction from the second operation position (152) to the first operation position (150), the elevator element (160) is transferred from the second, raised, elevator position (164) to the first, lowered, elevator position (162).

[0103] 3. Endoscope (102) according to item 1 or 2, wherein the operation wheel gear portion (142) of the operation wheel (140) and the wire wheel gear portion (144) of the wire wheel (146) are external gears comprising external teeth.

[0104] 4. Endoscope (102) according to any one of items 1 to 3, wherein a radius of the operation wheel gear portion (142) is greater than a radius of the wire wheel gear portion (144).

[0105] 5. Endoscope (102) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the wire wheel (146) is arranged distally with respect to the operation wheel (140) inside the handle housing (104) of the endoscope handle (100).

[0106] 6. Endoscope (102) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a wire pipe (158) is fixed to the handle housing (104), and the wire (154) runs into and is guided in the wire pipe (158).

[0107] 7. Endoscope (102) according to any one of items 1 to 6, wherein the operation wheel (140) is arranged coaxially with respect to an operation unit (170, 172) and a wire drum (174) provided for actively bending a bending section (116) of the insertion cord (112).

[0108] 8. Endoscope (102) according to any one of items 1 to 7, wherein the wire wheel (146) has a circular portion (186) and two edges (188, 190) angled with respect to each other such that the wire wheel (146) has a shape corresponding to a cut-out portion or part of a disc, the wire wheel (146) comprising at least a rotational center (192) and the wire wheel gear portion (144) provided in the circular portion (186).

[0109] 9. Endoscope (102) according to any one of items 1 to 8, wherein a connector part (196) is rotatably mounted on the wire wheel (146), and the wire (154) is fixedly attached to the connector part (196).

[0110] 10. Endoscope (102) according to item 9, wherein a guide rail part (198) is rotatably mounted in the handle housing (104), and the connector part (196) is slidingly accommodated in the guide rail part (198).

[0111] 11. Endoscope (102) according to item 10, wherein the connector part (196) and the guide rail part (198) are arranged distally with respect to the operation wheel (140) and the wire wheel (146).

[0112] 12. Endoscope (102) according to item 10 or 11, wherein the connector part (196) comprises a disc-shaped connector mounting portion (200) configured to be rotatably mounted on the wire wheel (146), and a rod-like slide portion (202); the guide rail part (198) comprises a distal rail mounting portion (204) configured to be rotatably mounted on the handle housing (104) and a guide rail portion (206) having a guide rail (208); and the rod-like slide portion (202) of the connector part (196) is slidingly accommodated in the guide rail portion (206) of the guide rail part (198).

[0113] 13. Endoscope (102) according to item 12, wherein the wire (154) is looped through and fixed to the disc-shaped connector mounting portion (200) and extends through the rod-like slide portion (202).

[0114] 14. Endoscope (102) according to any of items 10 to 13, wherein a proximal end portion of a wire pipe (158) fixed to the handle housing (104) is arranged adjacent a distal end portion of the guide rail part (198).

[0115] 15. System comprising: an endoscope (102) according to any one of the preceding items 1 to 14; and a monitor (M).

LIST OF REFERENCE SIGNS

[0116] 2 endoscope [0117] 4 endoscope handle [0118] 6 handle housing [0119] 8 manually operable element [0120] 10 elevator element [0121] 12 distal tip unit [0122] 14 operation wheel [0123] 16 slider rod [0124] 18 slider [0125] 20 wire [0126] 22 wire pipe [0127] 24 insertion cord [0128] 26 elevator mechanics [0129] 28 first operation position [0130] 29 first, lowered, elevator position [0131] 30 second operation position [0132] 31 second, raised, elevator position [0133] 32 rotational center [0134] 34 first slider rod connection point [0135] 36 second slider rod connection point [0136] 100 endoscope handle [0137] 102 endoscope [0138] 104 handle housing [0139] 106 half shell [0140] 108 proximal handle housing portion [0141] 110 distal handle housing portion [0142] 112 insertion cord [0143] 114 insertion tube [0144] 116 bending section [0145] 118 distal tip unit [0146] 120 receiving space [0147] 122 top surface/wall [0148] 124 bottom surface/wall [0149] 126 first/second side surface/wall [0150] 128 front surface/wall [0151] 130 rounded transition area [0152] 132 transition region [0153] 134 manually operable element [0154] 136 gripping surface [0155] 138 slot-shaped opening [0156] 140 operation wheel [0157] 142 operation wheel gear portion [0158] 144 wire wheel gear portion [0159] 146 wire wheel [0160] 148 protrusion [0161] 150 first operation position [0162] 152 second operation position [0163] 154 wire [0164] 156 wire attachment portion [0165] 158 wire pipe [0166] 160 elevator element [0167] 162 first, lowered, elevator position [0168] 164 second, raised, elevator position [0169] 166 elevator mechanics [0170] 168 working channel [0171] 170 first operation unit [0172] 172 second operation unit [0173] 174 wire drum [0174] 176 hollow cylindrical protrusion [0175] 178 valve assembly [0176] 180 gas/water injection valve [0177] 182 suction valve [0178] 184 valve accommodation opening [0179] 186 circular portion [0180] 188 first edge [0181] 190 second edge [0182] 192 rotational center [0183] 194 bearing portion [0184] 196 connector part [0185] 198 guide rail part [0186] 200 connector mounting portion [0187] 202 slide portion [0188] 204 rail mounting portion [0189] 206 guide rail portion [0190] 208 guide rail [0191] 210 fixation portion [0192] 212 loop [0193] 214 wire outlet opening