Mantle peridotite based-activated carbon electrodes used in oxygen reduction of saltwater to generate hydrogen (H+) using the electrolytic reductions water splitting method

Abstract

An apparatus composed of three canal basins with a lock in between to allow the storage of the solution in each basin. When the lock is lifted slightly it allows the solution to pass into the next basin for use in electrolysis. Carbon electrodes (e.g. mantle peridotite based-activated carbon electrodes or graphite electrodes) that are submerged in the solution (saltwater) are attached to the positive and negative wires of the battery. The battery provides the direct electric current (DC) to power the electrolysis. The carbon electrodes transfer the electrons to the cathode when electricity runs through and passes to the water and carbon electrodes. An electrode connects the cathode wire of the battery and collects some of the electrons and hydrogen ions and transfer them to the cathode tube storage. Afterwards, the hydrogen gas is transferred to the portable hydrogen tank.

Claims

1. (canceled)

2. A method for hydrogen gas generation by water electrolysis, the method comprising: providing an electrolysis apparatus comprising a first basin, a second basin, and a third basin, wherein each basin is separate from another, a first canal lock, and a second canal lock, wherein the first canal lock separates the first basin from the second basin, and the second canal lock separates the second basin from the third basin, at least two carbon electrodes placed within the first basin, wherein the at least two carbon electrodes comprise a first carbon electrode and a second carbon electrode, a power supply connected to the first carbon electrode and to the second carbon electrode, and a cathode storage tube coupled to the power supply; connecting a positive end of the power supply to one end of the first carbon electrode located in the first basin; connecting a negative end of the power supply to one end of the second carbon electrode located in the first basin; providing saltwater to a basin containing the at least two carbon electrodes in order to submerge the at least two carbon electrodes with the saltwater; powering on the power supply in order to apply direct current for electrolysis to occur in the electrolysis apparatus, wherein electrons and the hydrogen gas are separated out due to the electrolysis from hydroxide ions; transferring the hydrogen gas to the cathode tube that is coupled to the power supply; collecting the hydrogen gas in the cathode tube coupled to the power supply; storing the hydrogen gas in the cathode tube; and transferring the hydrogen gas to a portable gas tank for use as a fuel source as needed.

3. The method of claim 2, further comprising, connecting the portable gas tank to another device that can use the hydrogen gas in the portable gas tank as the fuel source.

4. The method of claim 2, further comprising: filling the first basin with the saltwater, wherein the at least two cathodes are located in the first basin; lifting the first lock so that a first amount of saltwater fills the second basin; and if necessary, lifting the second lock so that a second amount of the saltwater fills the third basin in order to provide a correct amount of the saltwater within the first basin for the electrolysis to occur.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein a measuring tube is coupled to the electrolysis apparatus, wherein the measuring tube measures a correct amount of the saltwater to transfer to the first basin.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein a hose couples the measuring tube to the electrolysis apparatus.

7. The method of claim 2, wherein the first basin of the electrolysis basin is a large basin, the second basin is a smallest size basin, and the third basin is a medium size basin compared to the large basin and the smallest size basin, wherein the first basin is configured to hold the at least two carbon electrodes, and wherein the first basin stores a largest amount of the saltwater, and wherein the second basin and the third basin can receive excess saltwater when the first canal lock and the second canal lock are lifted.

8. The method of claim 2, wherein the cathode tube comprises an auto-shut off mechanism that becomes triggered when the cathode tube is full.

9. The method of claim 2, wherein the power supply is a battery.

10. The method of claim 2, wherein a voltage regulator is coupled to the power supply in order to keep a constant output of voltage.

11. The method of claim 2, wherein the at least two carbon electrodes comprise mantle peridotite based-activated carbon electrodes.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0033] A pair of carbon electrodes 61a and 61b as shown in FIG. 6 used in oxygen reduction of saltwater to generate hydrogen (H+) using the electrolytic reductions water splitting method or electrolysis is described. A zinc-carbon battery (ex. National hyper battery) 64 as shown in FIG. 6 is the source of direct electric current (DC) responsible for the breakdown of elements via electricity. The zinc-carbon battery 64 is a dry cell that provides direct electric current that produces a voltage of about 1.5 volts, the voltage that is needed for an electrolysis to occur called the decomposition potential.

[0034] A voltage regulator 65, as shown in FIG. 6, is designed and added to the circuit to keep a constant output of voltage even when the input voltage changes. The dry cell has a zinc-anode and carbon rod of positive polarity, the cathode that collects the current. Attached at both side ends of zinc-anode and cathode of the battery 64 are the anode (positive, red wire 62) and the cathode (negative, black wire 63) to power the electrolytic reductions. The red (positive 62) and negative (black 63) wires are clipped to each piece of carbon electrodes 61a and 61b that are submerged in the saltwater inside the apparatus 50.

[0035] The apparatus 50 has three basins (e.g., first big basin 41, second small basin 42, and third medium basin 43 as shown in FIGS. 4-6) and have one or more canal locks (e.g., first canal lock 47 and second canal lock 48 shown in FIG. 4) in between for storage of the saltwater to be use in electrolysis. The apparatus is made up of acrylic plastic or plexiglass. The apparatus 50 is called “electrolysis efficiency canal basin,” the name I gave. The carbon electrodes 61a and 61b may be submerged in the saltwater attached to the wires of the battery 64. The carbon electrodes 61a and 61b are made of either mantle peridotite based-activated carbon 85, as shown in FIG. 8, or from graphite carbon. With electricity or electrical current passing into the saltwater and carbon electrodes 61a and 61b, the hydrogen ions flow to the cathode to combine with electrons to produce hydrogen gas in a reduction reaction. While the OH− ion gas flow to the anode to release electrons and H+ to produce oxygen gas in oxidation reaction. On the other hand, the sodium chloride (NaCl) dissolved in water, the anode oxidizes chloride ions (Cl−) to chlorine gas (C12). At the cathode instead of sodium ions being reduced to sodium metal, water molecules are reduced to hydroxide ions (OH−) and hydrogen gas (H2). The overall result of chlorine gas, hydrogen and aqueous of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution.

[0036] An electrode from the cathode tube storage 610, as shown in FIG. 6, is being connected to the cathode electrode to collect some of the electrons and hydrogen ions during the electrolysis. The electrode moves the electrons and hydrogen gas into the cathode tube storage 610. The cathode tube storage 610 is made up of aluminum metal has an installed temperature controller called Watlow's PM plus temperature controller. The PM Plus limit or controls the temperature of the heat power of the cathode tube storage. The PM plus is remotely set up, has a picture of panel remote control. The PM Plus temperature has an easy programming of temperature set-up the heat power with the Bluetooth connectivity with the E-Z link mobile app for remote access capability and fuel descriptions of parameters and error codes.

[0037] The cathode tube storage 610 has a fully auto-shut-off mechanism when full tank with hydrogen. The cathode tube is equipped with radar device readable via USB or SD card build IDDA power ¼ 20 thread to 6AA battery. The working mode can be online or SD card offline. A task scheduler app is set up in the laptop or Iphone for basic task such as (1) start (2) finish to mirror if the appliance has auto-shut-off when full tank. A red light in the cathode tube 610 turns off when the cathode tube auto-shut-off. The laptop or Iphone and cathode tube storage connect with the same WIFI connection or network connection. A sim card is placed in the slot of the cathode tube to connect it to the laptop or Iphone. A WIFI temperature moisture controller is utilized to control the temperature heat during the process of electrolysis.

[0038] The cathode tube storage 610 has a vacuum pipe where a hose material 720 can be attached to the vacuum pipe to transfer the hydrogen gas collected to the small portable gas tank 730 as shown in FIG. 7. A gas tank gauge is used to monitor pressure, the indicator moves into low gas, or refill areas. The portable gas tank ready for fuel use such as in cooking food using a stove burner 750. The hydrogen gas is a zero-emission fuel source will decrease levels of greenhouse emission and ultimately decrease poverty.

[0039] The burning of woods, biomass, and combustible waste in the traditional stove that produces smoke pollution will be stopped. People will be using a stove burner 750 that uses hydrogen gas with zero-emission fuel source that is inexpensive because the renewable resources are very abundant, can be found everywhere and accessible to everybody. As stated earlier these renewable resources are from the snow, sea, water from lakes and rivers, from rainfall and stormwater.

SPECIFICATION OF DRAWINGS

[0040] FIG. 1 [0041] 1) snow 1 [0042] 2) snow to be melted 2 [0043] 3) galvanized metal basin 3 [0044] 4) swedish torch (initial means to heat or melt the snow, but later stove burner that uses hydrogen fuel can be used) 4 [0045] 5) siphon way method of transferring the water or melted snow to the container 5 [0046] 6) galvanized metal basin 3 [0047] 7) containers filled up with water from the melted snow 7

[0048] FIG. 2 [0049] 1) valve down stream 21 [0050] 2) open port 22 [0051] 3) pour water inside the port 23 [0052] 4) streams (lake, river, sea, stormwater) 24 [0053] 5) closed port 25 [0054] 6) open valve 26 [0055] 7) water from the stream 27 [0056] 8) container with water 28 [0057] 9) lake, river, sea or stormwater 29

[0058] FIG. 3 [0059] 1) rain 31 [0060] 2) gutter 32 [0061] 3) water accumulated from rainfall 33 [0062] 4) container 34 [0063] 5) containers filled up with water from rainfall 35

[0064] FIG. 4 [0065] 1) big basin 41 [0066] 2) small basin 42 [0067] 3) medium basin 43 [0068] 4) cylinder tube (measures the correct amount of solution for electrolysis) 44 [0069] 5) small hose that connects the cylinder tube to the small basin 45 [0070] 6) on-off lock of the small hose 46 [0071] 7) canal lock of the small basin 47 [0072] 8) canal lock of the medium basin 48 [0073] 9) saltwater in the medium basin 49 [0074] 10) saltwater in the big basin 410

[0075] FIG. 5 [0076] 1) electrolysis efficiency canal basin 50 [0077] 2) small basin with saltwater 42 [0078] 3) medium basin with saltwater 43 [0079] 4) canal lock of small basin 47 [0080] 5) saltwater 49 [0081] 6) canal lock slightly lifted-up to allow the saltwater to pass through to the medium basin 48 [0082] 7) big basin with saltwater 41

[0083] FIG. 6 [0084] 1) carbon electrode submerged in a solution (saltwater) 61a and 61b [0085] 2) positive, red wire (anode) 62 [0086] 3) negative, black wire (cathode) 63 [0087] 4) battery (power supply) 64 [0088] 5) voltage regulator 65 [0089] 6) on-off switch of electricity 66 [0090] 7) copper metal (cathode) 67 [0091] 8) wire 68 [0092] 9) copper metal (cathode) 69 [0093] 10) cathode tube storage 610 [0094] 11) saltwater 49 [0095] 12) canal lock of medium basin 48 [0096] 13) canal lock of small basin 47 [0097] 14) electrolysis efficiency canal basin 50

[0098] FIG. 7 [0099] 1) cathode tube storage 610 [0100] 2) hose material that transfers the hydrogen gas to the small gas tank 720 [0101] 3) portable small gas tank 730 [0102] 4) portable gas tank filled up with hydrogen gas 740 [0103] 5) stove burner using hydrogen gas fuel 750

[0104] FIG. 8 [0105] 1) rock fragments of mantle peridotite (e.g. rich in ca.sup.+and Mg.sup.+) 81 [0106] 2) glass cell (photovoltaic cell) created from the crushed rocks of peridotite, melted and formed into glass cell 82 [0107] 3) glass cells formed into panel that can capture carbon dioxide CO.sub.2 in air 83 [0108] 4) the glass cells mineralized after CO.sub.2 capture. The glass cells turned into an activated carbon [0109] 5) mantle peridotite based-activated carbon electrodes (made from mantle peridotite based-activated carbon) 85