Pineapple plant named ‘FR3593W’

Abstract

A new and distinct pineapple plant named FR3593W, comprising certain unique traits, standing out Fusarium resistance obtained after crossing and backcrossing Fusarium resistant pineapple lines with an MD-2 pineapple. The invention incorporates stable, inheritable resistances to Fusariosis disease in a pineapple variety capable of addressing all of the high-quality requirements of Latin American and other consumer markets.

Claims

1. A new and distinct Ananas comosus plant named FR3593W, as illustrated and described herein.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PHOTOGRAPHS

(1) The accompanying pictures illustrate the overall appearance of the new Ananas comosus var. comosus FR3593W showing infection damage caused by artificial inoculation with four different isolates of Fusarium guttiforme showing the colors as reasonably possible with colored reproductions of this type. The lesion caused by direct inoculation with an infected needle on the fruit helped verify the resistance trait (earlier established by immersion of young plants in a suspension of Fusarium guttiforme's most virulent isolate), when comparing reaction of fruit pulp tissue of the new pineapple variety FR3593W with MD-2:

(2) FIG. 1 depicts a view of the new variety FR3593W at 4.8 months after forcing (MAF).

(3) FIG. 2 depicts a cross sectional view of FR3593W and MD-2 fruit inoculated with Fusarium guttiforme isolates DM017, DMB35, DMB37 and DMB40 at 4.8 MAF.

(4) FIG. 3 depicts a longitudinal section view of Fusarium guttiforme inoculation site on fruit of FR3593W variety and MD-2 fruit at 4.8 MAF.

(5) FIG. 4 depicts an external view of Fusarium guttiforme inoculation site on fruit of FR3593W and MD-2 varieties at 4.8 MAF.

(6) FIG. 5 depicts an external view of inflorescence of FR3593W and MD-2 varieties at 61 days after floral induction.

(7) FIG. 6 depicts an external view of FR3593W plants with exhibited tall stature, with longer and more channeled leaves compared to the leaves of the MD-2 varieties.

DETAILED BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION

(8) The new Ananas comosus cultivar FR3593W has not been observed under all possible environmental conditions. However, the plants were grown under environmental conditions and cultural practices which approximate those generally used in commercial pineapple growing operations. The phenotype of the new cultivar may still vary depending on the environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity, light intensity, and photoperiod without any change made to the genotype of the plant.

(9) The aforementioned photographs, together with the following observations, measurements and values describing plants of FR3593W variety are based on observations made under optimally fertilized and growing conditions, in the region of Limoeiro do Norte, Cear, Brazil (latitude 5.21945833 and longitude 37.914505, where the temperatures generally range from 15.96-38.70 C., and an annual rainfall average of 746 mm.

(10) The color terminology and designation reported here are in accordance with the Munsell Color Notation for Plants Tissues published by Munsell Color Macbeth, a division of Kollmorgen Corporation, Baltimore, Md. USA.

(11) The following description was made based on a population of FR3593W plants, the BC2 hybrid obtained through hand pollination of parental lines in 2015 and planted in 2017 and fruit harvested in 2019 and new propagules produced from this plant planted in 2019. Plant identification: Name: Ananas comosus var. comosus FR3593W. Parental Lines: Selected plant BC1 1/2.63 backcrossed to MD-2. Origin: Conventional genetic improvement (hand pollination), through crossing and backcrossing. Classification: Botanical: Bromeliaceae or pineapple family. Subfamily: Bromelioidae. Genus: Ananas. Subgenus: comosus. Variety: FR3593W. Commercial: Bromeliad fruit plant (pineapple). Form: Terrestrial (in plantation), with overlapping, sessile leaves from a funnel-formed rosette, surrounding a composite inflorescence (during anthesis), with few or no slips in the fruit peduncle and suckers that are produced in the stem and originate subsequent crops. General description: FR3593W (before anthesis). Growth habit: Semi-erect, with an average plant height of 168 cm. Stem: I. General.Short, vertical, and covered by overlapping leaves, each leaf with a dominant axillary bud. II. Stem texture.Glabrous and fleshy, III. Stem size.A) Length (above soil level): usually between 13.90-26.00 cm at anthesis. B) Diameter between 6.90-14.00 cm at ground level to the anthesis. IV. Stem shape.Cylindrical and with a narrower diameter at the distal part. V. Stem color.Whitish in color (5Y 7.8/2.3 in the Munsell color chart). Leaves: I. General.Closely overlapping sessile leaves (formed in acropetal succession) forming a dense rosette, the outline of which in longitudinal section is roughly heart shaped. The number of leaves fluctuates between 42-56 with a 5/13 phyllotaxy. II. Texture.A) Upper epidermal area: Glabrous, semirigid and channeled (or concave) except at the leaf tip. B) Lower epidermal area: Finely striated (longitudinally) and appears covered with a white layer consisting of scale like trichomes. III. Leaf arrangement.Alternate and in rosette shape. IV. Leaf margins.Entire margin, with rarely found irregularly spaced small deltoid cuspidate hooked spines usually located on the distal portions of leaves. Size of spines 0.50-0.95 mm. V. Leaf venation.Parallel. VI. Leaf shape.Leaves are not uniform in shape and vary with the position of the leaf on the stem. The basal or oldest leaves are lanceolate while the base is considerably expanded. There is a noticeable narrowing in width between achlorophyllous (basal) and chlorophyllous (or main portion) of the leaves. The longest or most mature leaves are lanceolate in shape, but the base is without the arcuate expansions of the preceding leaves. The remaining leaves (or center leaves of the plant rosette) are lanceolate in form with no expansion of width into the base. The leaf apex is acuminate. VII. Leaf size (to anthesis).A) Length: Usually between 138.0-155.0 cm for those D leaves with a non chlorophyllous base that usually is between 9.0-13.0 cm in length. B) Width: Normally between 5.9-8.5 cm in the mid leaf area of the longest leaves. The expanded basal disk usually has a maximum width of 6.7-12.4 cm. C) Thickness: In the longest leaves, it usually varies between 2.0-3.0 mm at the center of the mid leaf area and decrease laterally between 0.9-1.9 mm at the margin, while becoming slightly thinner towards the tip. The expanded basal disk at the mid stem area usually has a maximum thickness of 2.5-3.7 mm at the center of the blade and tapering laterally toward margins up to 1.2-1.9 mm. VIII. Leaf color like MD-2, mostly lacking anthocyanin.A) Upper epidermal surface: 1. General: dominant color is usually dark green. The color of the basal disk is predominantly white and light green; achlorophyllous basal disk area is commonly pale white. Mid leaf area: commonly dark green (4GY 5.5/5.2 in the Munsell color chart). Leaf tip area: commonly dark green (4GY 5.5/5.2 in the Munsell color chart). B) Lower epidermal surface (underside): General: commonly grayish green (6GY 7.8/1.4 in the Munsell color chart) with pale white basal disk area (5Y 8.0/3.8 in the Munsell color chart). Inflorescence (at anthesis): I. General.Flower composite from 65-107 fruitlets borne per inflorescence of a long peduncle of approximately 10.0-27.8 cm length at the apical meristem. Individual bisexual flowers that consist of three Sepals, Six Stamens, three Stigmas and three Carpels. The inflorescence is self-incompatible producing edible fruit parthenocarpically (production of fruit without fertilization of ovules). II. Texture.Glabrous and fibrous. III. Shape.Oval with slightly raised flowers with a light red to grayish red color in the crown. IV. Size and color.Comparable to specimens of Ananas comosus var. comosus. Petal size: 1.4-1.7 cm. Petal color in the apex: light purple (1RP 4.6/10.5 in the Munsell color chart). V. Sepal size.0.53-1.03 cm. Sepal color: yellowish brown (1YR 7.4/1.4 in the Munsell color chart). VI. Floral bracts length.From 1.61-2.20 cm, serrated margins (with tiny spines); yellowish brown color (6R 6.0/11.5 in the Munsell color chart). Crown (at harvest): I. General.Visually one crown. Visually one crown, composed on average of 69-103 leaves. Crown leaves are short, lanceolate in shape and erect at anthesis, measuring of 5.5-7.2 cm. II. Leaf arrangement.Alternate and in rosette shape. III. Leaf margins.Entire with smooth borders. Seldom very small spines in the tip of one leaf. IV. Size at harvest.Average 22.1-32.8 cm. Weight: average 229-345 g. Diameter: 11.5-17.2 cm. V. Shape.Medium crown with medium width and semirigid leaves, with the crown normally not exceeding length nor width of fruit and with semirigid leaves. VI. Attitude.Upright. VII. Color of the terminal crown leaves.A. Upper surface: Dark green color at the apex (5GY 2/2 in the Munsell color chart) and dark green at the base (6GY 4.6/5.1 in the Munsell color chart). B. Lower surface: grayish green (6GY 7.8/1.4 in the Munsell color chart). Fruit (at harvest): I. Size.Usually with a weight between 709-1,863 grams and average weight of 1,214 grams. Fruit core's diameter 2.70-3.80 cm. Fruit core's color: pale white (8Y 6.7/2.2 in the Munsell color chart). II. Shape.Cylindrical with flat and medium size fruitlets. Medium crown (the length nor width of fruit) with thin and semirigid leaves. Fruit's height 9.20-14,50 cm, fruit's diameter: 8.00-11.60 cm. III. How borne.The development of the fruit occurs from the apical meristem of the plant on a long peduncle, usually between 10.00-27.80 cm length. No slips available for evaluation. 6 long peduncle bracts, with spines on the edges and of medium green to dark green color (3GY 7.3/3.7 in the Munsell color chart) are generally present at the base of the fruit. IV. Color.A) Shell: commonly grayish green at early maturity (6GY 3.9/6.7 in the Munsell color chart), with yellowish brown bract (6R 6.0/11.5 in the Munsell color chart). Fruit with pale white peduncle (5Y 6.0/2.0 in the Munsell color chart). V. Fruit flesh.Dense, firm, medium in fiber and juiciness, emitting characteristic pineapple aroma; flesh color distinctly pale white to beige (8Y 6.7/2.2 in the Munsell color chart). VI. Brix.Typically, 13.3-17.9 degrees, standing out from their parents. VII. Total acid levels.Usually between 0.27-0.83 milligrams of citric acid/ml of juice. VIII. Vitamin C content reported as ascorbic acid content.Regularly between 28.46-60.85 mg/100 ml of juice. IX. Plant/fruit resistance/susceptibility to pest and diseases.The plant of the new variety FR3593W performs very similar to MD-2 differentiating mainly in its resistance to Fusarium guttiforme. Table 2 shows the comparison of pineapple varieties FR3593W, MD-2 and Champaka (not patented) and their resistance to Fusarium guttiforme. Others: I. Fertility.This plant is self-incompatible. This is the reason why the presence of sexual seeds is almost null. The material used for planting are suckers, fruit crowns and vitroplants. II. Vigor.This plant exhibits similar vigor as its parents, the 1/2.63 line, and the MD-2 variety. III. Yield.A population of this pineapple can have an agronomic yield from 89-112 ton/ha. IV. Plant use.The fruit will be commercialized within the fresh fruit and processed fruit for the local and export market. Shipping conditions are typically set as 14 days at 7 degrees, Celsius.

(12) Summary of the special characteristics: the FR3593W plants present the following differences when compared to its parental lines (MD-2) and known commercial lines (Prola): A. Resistance to Fusarium guttiforme; parental line MD-2 (and additionally non-parental line Prola) is very susceptible to this pathogen, while FR3593W exhibits total resistance. B. Higher ascorbic acid content compared to the Prola variety, generally range between 15 to 35 mg/100 g of fresh pulp. C. Lower pulp porosity compared to the Prola variety. D. Pale white colored pulp: the backcross between the 1/2.63 backcross and MD-2, ended up in a combination of a fruit with shell color and pale white pulp different the MD-2 variety. E. B. Longer and thinner leaves, ranging in length from 97.0 to 175.0 cm, compared to the MD-2 variety. Plant with little or none slips: MD-2 variety produces between 1-3 slips per plant, and the 1/2.63 produces between 0-1 slips per plant. By comparison, FR3593W, which reduces cosmetic and pest problems that can be originated by the contact of the slips with the fruit. F. At full maturity, the resistance to Fusarium guttiforme allows the FR3593W to be harvested at the optimal point of ripeness, which permits consistently high sugar content and Brix levels similar to the MD-2 variety under similar conditions. The levels of citric acid and ascorbic acid are lower than those of MD-2, as well as the 1/2.63 fruit ratio. G. As a result of the backcross process. FR3593W has acquired resistance to Fusarium guttiforme, just like the 1/2.63 but with an improved fruit size and internal quality similar to the MD-2 highlighting the difference in pulp color. This combination of characteristics is important to differentiate this hybrid from its parents; as shown on Table 3, when reproduced asexually, these characteristics are stable and reproducible for successive generations.

(13) TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Average data for select organoleptic parameters and fruit size of the FR3593W hybrid. Ascorbic Acid Citric Fruit (mg/ Acid Weight Number Generation n Brix 100 ml) (mg/ml) (g) of slips FR3593W 48 15.09 38.95 0.64 1,214 0 MD-2 71 16.3 61.4 0.95 1,949 0 (data for FR3593W represent observations from evaluated when backcrossing MD-2 with 1/2.63 hybrid; data for MD-2 represents the average score for MD-2 variety in the region). Individual plant description: The following is an overview of FR3593W hybrid, a new pineapple plant variety, that was developed through hybridization process in Limoeiro do Norte, Cear, Brazil. Plant age.17.22 months after planting plus 4.83 months after forcing. Plant growth habit.Semi-upright. Plant diameter.Between 142-165 cm between opposite leaf tips. Plant height.154-168 cm above ground surface. Stem.Length. Between 12.0-20.0 cm above ground sur-face. Diameter. Between 6.0-7.2 cm above ground surface. Leaves: I. Number.42-56 leaves. II. Length.138-155 cm the longest leaf. III. Width.(Largest leaves) at mid leaf between 3.0-5.0 cm. Leaf piping is absent. IV. Thickness.2.0-3.0 mm along the axis. V. Color.A) Upper epidermal chlorophyllous area: Commonly dark green (4GY 5.5/5.2 in the Munsell color chart). B) Upper epidermal non chlorophyllous area: commonly pale white (5Y 8.0/3.8 in the Munsell color chart). C) Lower epidermal area: Commonly grayish green (6GY 7.8/1.4 in the Munsell color chart). Leaf anthocyanin coloration may appear slightly on some plants. Inflorescence: General.Composite inflorescence borne on a long peduncle at the apical meristem. The inflorescence is composed of 65-107 flowers, which eventually lead to an equal number of fruitlets.

(14) TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Petals: Description of size and texture of flowers of FR3593W hybrid Inflor- escence ID Trait Note 14 Size of bracts (cm) 1.61-2.20 15 Petal: color of apex 2 (purple red), base (white) 16 Petal length (mm) 14-17 N/A Petal width (cm) 0.60-0.70 N/A Petal Height (cm) 1.4-1.7 N/A Petal texture very finely textured and smooth feel

(15) TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Reproductive organs. Description of size and shape of reproductive organs of FR3593W hybrid. Trait Note Inflor- Style (mm) 10.3-13.4 escence Stamen (mm) 9.2-12.4 Style shape tubular Stamen shape tubular Style color Base = white, top - pale purple Filament color Filament base = white, filament top - pale purple Anther color Pale yellow Pollen color transparent

(16) TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Peduncule: length and diameter of the peduncle of FR3593W hybrid are as follows. Peduncule ID Trait Note 21 Length (cm) 10.0-27.8 22 Diameter (cm) 2.2-3.5

(17) TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Susceptibility to pest and diseases of different commercial varieties to Fusarium guttiforme (FR3593W is resistant and Champaka and MD-2 are susceptible). Pineapple Variety Pest/Disease FR3593W MD-2 Champaka Fusarium guttiforme. R+ S+ S

(18) The pineapple variety FR3593W has a post-harvest shelflife similar to MD-2 variety, showing similar performance in shell dehydration studies.

(19) FR3593W fruit general characteristics are as follows (A) a fruitlet apex which is flat; (B) the flesh density is medium; (C) the number fruitlets per syncarp is 65-107; (D) the fruitlet characteristics are as follows:

(20) TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 ID Trait Note Fruit 31 Fruit shape (cylindrical) 3 32 Fruit length (cm) 9.2-14.5 33 Fruit diameter (cm) 8.00-11.60 34 Predominant color of mature eye 6 (medium yellow) 35 Fruit: Size (medium) 5 N/A Size of eye diameter width (cm) 2.4-2.7 N/A Size of eye length (cm) 2.4-2.7 N/A Color of immature eye (grayish green) 4 37 Fruitlet apex (flat) 2 38 Evenness of color of eyes (even or 1 slightly uneven) I. Shell color.FR3593W shell color at mature (8Y 6.9/9.6 in the Munsell color chart) and immature (6GY 3.9/6.7 in the Munsell color chart) stages. II. Weight and shape of fruit.FR3593W average fruit weight is similar to the MD-2, and Champaka; FR3593W has a cylindrical shape. III. Ascorbic acid.FR3593W has a higher content of ascorbic acid than its relative A. comosus cv. EC, but similar to MD-2 variety. IV. Citric acid.FR3593W citric acid content is similar to MD-2. V. Brix.The sugar content (measured as brix degrees) of FR3593W is slightly higher to that found on MD-2. VI. Age to forcing.FR3593W is vigorous and can reach forcing plant size 8-17 months after planting (shorter when using vegetative propagation material, and longer when starting with seed). Although plant development time to forcing depends on the size of planting material used and the desired plant weight at floral induction, the above figures are similar to those achieved by the MD-2 variety, which reaches an optimal forcing size in 8.5 months after planting when using vegetative propagation material. VII. Leaf spines.This characteristic is commonly used to differentiate pineapple plants from other varieties. The color of the leaf spines are as follows: Tip: dark green like MD-2 (8GY 5.8/3.2 in the Munsell color chart), base: dark green like MD-2 (8GY 5.8/3.2 in the Munsell color chart). FR3593W does not have conspicuous or regular thorns on the leaf like its parental 1/2.63, although MD-2 often presents irregular thorns on the edges of the leaf blade as well. VIII. Fruit quality of FR3593W when compared with other pineapple varieties.Most pineapple varieties grown worldwide are produced for local consumption, and very few are grown for international commercialization and global distribution. The fruit characteristics bred into FR3593W were specifically chosen to comply with the strictest quality standards of export markets like those of North America, Europe, and Asia Pacific. As shown in Table 7, FR3593W compares very favorably against MD-2, the pineapple variety that has achieved most notoriety to date in global markets.

(21) TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 7 Comparison of FR3593W against other varieties on some of the most important characteristics relevant to fresh fruit destined for exportation. Variety/ # Of slips Fruit weight (g) Cultivar.sup.(11) Average Range Average Range FR3593W.sup.(1) 0 0-1 1214 709-1863 MD-2.sup.(2) 1.2 0-3 1820 1070-2560 Morada.sup.(3) 7.57 4-9 1887 1566-2000 Honey Gold 1.5 0-3 1033 450-1678 Champaka 153.sup.(3) 1.1 1710 420-3010 Champaka F152 1.5 2328 CO-2.sup.(4) 2-3 2059 1297-2590 Singapore 2-12 1000 Spanish.sup.(5) Sarawak.sup.(5) 0 2000-4000 Mauritius.sup.(5) 0 500-1500 Josephine.sup.(6) 1100-1300 Scarlett.sup.(6) 1400-2000 Red Spansh.sup.(7) 1-3 1200-2000 T'ainung 11.sup.(7) 6.9 991 733-1269 Imperial.sup.(8) 9 1792 Perolera.sup.(8) 8-10 1800 Pernambuco.sup.(9) 1000-1500 Primavera.sup.(9) 7-10 1300 Queen.sup.(10) 10 500-1000 Ascorbic Acid Citric Acid Variety/ (mg/100 ml) (mg/ml) Cultivar.sup.(11) Average Range Average Range FR3593W.sup.(1) 38.95 28.46-60.85 0.64 0.27-0.83 MD-2.sup.(2) 53.06 37.00-69.06 0.6 0.36-0.84 Morada.sup.(3) 20.03 9.90-24.90 0.69 0.58-0.86 Honey Gold 21.14 14.73-37.36 0.98 0.67-1.33 Champaka 153.sup.(3) 12.91 8.10-17.72 0.72 0.54-0.90 Champaka F152 0.73 CO-2.sup.(4) 30.80-55.50 0.42-0.91 Singapore 0.50-0.60 Spanish.sup.(5) Sarawak.sup.(5) 0.30-0.65 Mauritius.sup.(5) 0.40-0.60 Josephine.sup.(6) Scarlett.sup.(6) Red Spansh.sup.(7) T'ainung 11.sup.(7) 1.40-18.50 0.5 0.40-0.6 Imperial.sup.(8) 0.62 Perolera.sup.(8) 20.00-40.00 0.64 Pernambuco.sup.(9) Primavera.sup.(9) 0.51 Queen.sup.(10) 26 0.56 Variety/ Brix Cultivar.sup.(11) Average Range FR3593W.sup.(1) 15.09 13.3-17.9 MD-2.sup.(2) 15.55 12.9-17.2 Morada.sup.(3) 13.51 12.2-15.1 Honey Gold 16.18 14.4-18.1 Champaka 153.sup.(3) 14.33 11.6-17.0 Champaka F152 14.97 CO-2.sup.(4) 15.0-16.7 Singapore 10.0-12.0 Spanish.sup.(5) Sarawak.sup.(5) 14.0-17.0 Mauritius.sup.(5) 15.0-17.0 Josephine.sup.(6) 17.0-22.0 Scarlett.sup.(6) 15.0-18.0 Red Spansh.sup.(7) 12.00 T'ainung 11.sup.(7) 14.00 13.2-15.1 Imperial.sup.(8) 15.80 Perolera.sup.(8) 13.10 14.0-16.0 Pernambuco.sup.(9) Primavera.sup.(9) 13 Queen.sup.(10) 14.0-16.0 (data for FR3593W represent observations from the first plant evaluated when backcross- ing MD-2 with 1/2.63 hybrid; data for MD-2 represents the average score for MD-2 variety in the region). .sup.(1)FR3593W fruit harvested in Brazil. .sup.(2)Pindeco's historical data base and monthly research report April 2001. (3)Pindeco's fruit historical data base. Pindeco's forcing plant weight data base. .sup.(4)Plant Pat. No. 8,863. .sup.(5)Wee, Y. C. 1972. Some common pineapple cultivars of west Malaysia. Malays Pineapple pp 7-13. .sup.(6)Bartholomew et al. 2003 The Pineapple, Botany, Production and Uses. .sup.(7)Chang, Ching-Chyn, 1995 Tainung No. 13. Pineapple. Jour. Agric. Res. China 44(2): 287-296. .sup.(8)Pinto da Cunha et al. 0 abacaxizeiro. Pineapple News Issue No 10 May 2003. .sup.(9)Pinto da Cunha et al. 0 abacaxizeiro. Py et al. The pineapple Cultivation and uses. .sup.(10)Del Monte pineapple germplasm collection database. .sup.(11)Cultivars are unpatented unless indicated otherwise.

REFERENCES CITED

(22) MATOS, A. P. (2008) Perdas causadas pela F. guttiforme. Available in https://www.embrapa.br/busca-de-publicacoes/-/publicacao/981520/situacao-e-perspectivas-da-abacaxicultura-no-amazonas. MATOS, A. P. & JUNEGHANS, D. T. Variedades de abacaxi resistentes a F. guttiforme. 2006. Cruz das Almas, B A. Available in https://ainfo.cnptia.embrapa.br/digital/bitstream/item/42932/1/VARIEDADES-ABACAXI-ARISTOTELES.pdf. Munsell Color chart for Plant Tissues. published by Munsell pilp Macbeth, a division of Kollmorgen Corporation, Baltimore, Md. USA.