A DEVICE FOR IONIZATION OF A FLUID

Abstract

A device for ionization of a fluid includes a container and a first pair of electrodes arranged in the container opposite each other and at a distance from each other, wherein the container is adapted for conveying the fluid in a gaseous state in a fluid flow past the first pair of electrodes, wherein the device further includes a power supply adapted to charge the first pair of electrodes such that electric discharges take place from the electrodes for the ionization of the fluid, wherein the device further includes a magnetic field generating arrangement including a plurality of magnets circumferentially spaced around the container by a support structure which is adapted for generating a magnetic field in the vicinity of the first pair of electrodes for affecting the discharges for supporting the ionization of the fluid.

Claims

1. A device for ionization of a fluid, wherein the device comprises a container and a first pair of electrodes arranged in the container opposite each other and at a distance from each other, wherein each one of the electrodes in the first pair has an elongated shape with a pointy end and wherein the electrodes are arranged so that the pointy ends face each other, wherein the container is adapted for conveying the fluid in a gaseous state in a fluid flow past the first pair of electrodes, wherein the device further comprises a power supply adapted to charge the first pair of electrodes so that electric discharges take place from the electrodes for the ionization of the fluid, wherein the device further comprises a magnetic field generating arrangement comprising of a plurality of magnets circumferentially spaced around the container by a support structure, which is adapted for generating a magnetic field in the vicinity of the first pair of electrodes for affecting the discharges for supporting the ionization of the fluid.

2. A device according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic field generating arrangement is arranged outside of the container.

3. A device according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic field generating arrangement comprises a first section arranged upstream of the first pair of electrodes in the longitudinal direction of the container, wherein the first magnetic field generating section is adapted to effect the electric discharges so that they comprise a plurality of first electric discharge structures that are deflected downstream from the electrodes by the fluid flow and a plurality of second electric discharge structures extending upstream from the electrodes by the effect of the magnetic field of the first magnetic field generating section.

4. A device according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic field generating arrangement comprises a second section, which is arranged downstream of the first pair of electrodes in the longitudinal direction of the container, wherein the second magnetic field generating section is adapted for generating a magnetic field in the vicinity of the first pair of electrodes for stabilizing the plurality of first electric discharge structures.

5. A device according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic field generating arrangement comprises at least one electromagnet.

6. A device according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic field generating arrangement comprises at least one magnetic field generating unit that is adapted for providing a magnetic strength in a range of 20-180 N.

7. A device according to claim 1, wherein each one of the electrodes in the first pair has an elongated shape with a pointy end defining an angle in a range of 20-35.

8. A device according to any preceding claim 1, wherein the electrodes in the first pair of electrodes are arranged at a distance from each other in a range of 2-15 mm.

9. A device according to any preceding claim 1, wherein the power supply is adapted to charge the first pair of electrodes so that they are simultaneously negatively or positively charged for creating such a potential difference between each one of the electrodes and an environment of the respective electrode that electric discharges take place from each one of the electrodes, wherein the container is adapted for conveying the fluid in a gaseous state in a flow past the first pair of electrodes in the environment of the respective electrode during the charging for ionization of the fluid.

10. A device according to any preceding claim 1, wherein the power supply is adapted to supply the voltage to each electrode in the first pair of electrodes in a range of 2 to 15 kV.

11. A device according to any preceding claim 1, wherein the power supply is adapted to supply the voltage to each electrode in the first pair of electrodes in a frequency range of 10-30 kHz.

12. A device according to claim 1, wherein device comprises a fluid flow pumping means for supplying the fluid flow to an inlet of the container with a fluid flow rate in a range of 5-80 litre/min.

13. A device according to claim 1, wherein the device comprises a fluid flow pumping means that is adapted for supplying the fluid flow in a pulsed manner to an inlet of the container.

14. A device according to claim 1, wherein the container is elongated and the electrodes in the first pair of electrodes are arranged opposite each other and at a distance from each other in a transverse direction of the elongated container.

15. A device according to claim 1, wherein the container has a circular inner cross section, wherein the inner surface of the elongated fluid container has a diameter in a range of 10-50 mm.

16. A device according to claim 1, wherein the device is adapted to be operated with a pressure in the container (4, 404) above 1.1 bars.

17. A device according to claim 1, wherein the device comprises a light source arranged for radiating the fluid in the container.

18. A device according to claim 1, wherein the device comprises a second pair of electrodes arranged in the container opposite each other and at a distance from each other, wherein the second pair of electrodes are arranged at a distance from the first pair of electrodes downstream of the first pair in a fluid flow direction in the container, wherein the power supply is adapted to charge each one of the electrodes in the second pair of electrodes so that they are simultaneously negatively or positively charged and to synchronize the charging of the first pair of electrodes in relation to the second pair of electrodes so that the second pair of electrodes are negatively charged when the first pair of electrodes are positively charged and vice versa.

19. A device according to claim 18, wherein a first electrode in the first pair of electrodes and a first electrode in the second pair of electrodes are connected to opposite terminals of a first power supply and wherein a second electrode in the first pair of electrodes and a second electrode in the second pair of electrodes are connected to opposite terminals of a second power supply.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0065] With reference to the appended drawings, below follows a more detailed description of embodiments of the invention cited as examples.

[0066] In the drawings:

[0067] FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a device for ionization of a fluid according to a first embodiment, wherein a container is shown in a cross section,

[0068] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a container in FIG. 1, FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a first pair of electrodes in FIG. 1,

[0069] FIG. 4 is a schematic top view of a first electric discharge structure created in the container according to FIGS. 1 and 2 by the first pair of electrodes,

[0070] FIG. 5 is a schematic front view of the first electric discharge structure created in the container according to FIGS. 1 and 2 by the first pair of electrodes,

[0071] FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a device for ionization of a fluid according to a second embodiment, wherein a container is shown in a cross section,

[0072] FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a fluid flow directing unit provided in the container in FIG. 6,

[0073] FIG. 8 is a front view of the fluid flow directing unit in FIG. 7,

[0074] FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a device for ionization of a fluid according to a third embodiment, wherein a container is shown in a cross section,

[0075] FIG. 10 is a cross section view of the container as in FIG. 9 indicating the fluid flow,

[0076] FIG. 11 is a perspective view of the device for ionization of a fluid according to the first embodiment,

[0077] FIG. 12 is a perspective view of a section of a magnetic field generating arrangement provided around the container in FIG. 11,

[0078] FIG. 13 is a schematic and partly cut front view of the magnetic field generating arrangement in FIG. 11,

[0079] FIG. 14 is a schematic view in cross section of the container in FIG. 11 showing parts of the magnetic field generated by the magnetic field generating arrangement,

[0080] FIG. 15 is a perspective view of a container according to an alternative design relative to the container in FIG. 2,

[0081] FIG. 16 is a schematic view of the container as in FIG. 17 in cross section applied in an ionization device according to a fourth embodiment indicating the fluid flow in operation,

[0082] FIG. 17 is a perspective view of a device for ionization of a fluid according to a fifth embodiment,

[0083] FIG. 18 is a graph indicating an example of a pulsed flow supplied to the ionization device,

[0084] FIG. 19 is a graph indicating available energy for ionization for different pause/pulse ratios,

[0085] FIG. 20 is a partly cut and exploded perspective view of an arrangement for ionization of a fluid, and

[0086] FIG. 21 is a schematic view of a device for ionization of a fluid according to an alternative to the first embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXAMPLE EMBODIMENTS

[0087] FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a device 2 for ionization of a fluid in a gaseous state according to a first embodiment. The fluid in gaseous state will in the following be referred to as a gas. According to one example, the gas is air. The ionization device 2 comprises a container 4. The container 4 is illustrated in a cross section in a horizontal plane through its centre axis. The container 4 has an elongated shape. The container 4 has a rounded cross section shape and more specifically a circular cross section shape. Further, the cross section of the container 4 is constant along a significant portion of the length of the container. Further, ends 6, 8 of the container 4 in the longitudinal direction have a rounded and more specifically half-spherical shape. A wall 10 of the container 4 defines an inner chamber 12. An inner surface of the wall 10 of the elongated container 4 has a diameter of about 20 mm. FIG. 2 is a perspective view from above of the container 4 in FIG. 1.

[0088] The container wall 10 is formed in glass. The container may be formed in two identical container parts with a delimitation in a plane through a center axis of the container 4. According to an alternative, the container 4 is formed in one-piece with a cap at one end.

[0089] Further, an inlet 14 is provided at a first end 6 of the container 4 in its longitudinal direction and an outlet 16 is provided at a second end 8 of the container 4 in its longitudinal direction for conveying a gas flow from the inlet 14 to the outlet 16. Each one of the inlet 14 and the outlet 16 has a generally tube shape. An axis of the inlet 14 has a main direction in parallel with the longitudinal direction of the container 4 and is arranged in-line with a longitudinal centre axis 17 of the container. Likewise, an axis of the outlet 16 has a main direction in parallel with the longitudinal direction of the container 4 and is arranged in-line with the longitudinal centre axis 17 of the container. The container 4 has a length in a range of 100-120 mm excluding the inlet 14 and outlet 16.

[0090] The ionization device 2 further comprises a first pair 18 of electrodes 20, 22 arranged in the container 4 opposite each other and at a distance from each other. The electrodes 20, 22 are arranged perpendicularly relative to the longitudinal direction of the container 4. Further, the container 4 is arranged in a way that its longitudinal direction is in a horizontal plane. More specifically, the electrodes 20, 22 are arranged so that they extend in a horizontal plane. The electrodes 20, 22 are shown in an enlarged view in FIG. 3. The electrodes 20, 22 are arranged at a distance y from each other in a range of 2-4 mm. Further, each one of the electrodes 20, 22 in the first pair 18 has an elongated shape with a circular cross section and a pointy end 24, 26. The electrodes are arranged so that the pointy ends 24, 26 face each other. More specifically, each one of the electrodes 20, 22 in the first pair 18 has an elongated shape with a pointy end 24, 26 defining an angle a in a range of 20-35. In other words, each one of the electrodes 20, 22 has a sharp tip. More specifically, the electrodes 20, 22 in the first pair 18 are straight and arranged in-line with each other. More specifically, the electrodes 20, 22 in the first pair 18 are in the form of rods. The electrodes 20, 22 in the first pair 18 may be termed needle electrodes. The electrodes 20, 22 in the first pair 18 are formed in a metallic material and more precisely in the material tungsten (also called wolfram) as an example.

[0091] According to physics law, when charging an element, the charged parts accumulate in any sharp edges of the element. Accordingly, charged parts will be highly accumulated in the sharp edge of the electrode 20, 22. In other words, charged parts will have a very high density in the sharp edge, wherein an electric field will be strong in a region of the sharp edge. Further, a highly charged electrode (positive or negative) will have a very high potential in relation to the environment (adjacent the electrode). The potential difference between the electrode and its adjacent environment/surroundings will result in ionization of the matter in the environment in the vicinity of the respective electrode leading to exchange of electrons/positrons in cycles from higher potential area to lower potential area and vice versa and different types of electric discharge from the electrode may take place. This phenomenon may be similar to a Tesla coil.

[0092] Accordingly, the design of the electrodes 20, 22 with sharp tips especially with an acute angle from 20 to 35 degrees (preferably 22 degrees to create a greater number of electric discharges as well as increasing the life span of the electrodes) 24, 26 creates good conditions for creating electric discharges from the surface of the tip having an inclination relative to the longitudinal direction of the elongate electrode. More specifically, a first set of electric discharges may be created extending from the electrode tip in a downstream direction. Further, a second set of electric discharges may be created extending from the electrode tip in an upstream direction. It will be described in more detail below in association with FIG. 4 and FIG. 5. The ionization device 2 further comprises a power supply 28, 50 adapted for charging each one of the electrodes 20, 22 in the first pair 18 of electrodes so that they have the same charge simultaneously. In this way, such a potential difference between each one of the electrodes 20, 22 and an environment of the respective electrode may be created that electric discharges take place simultaneously from each one of the electrodes. Further, the fluid is conveyed in a gaseous state inside the container past the first pair 18 of electrodes in the environment of the respective electrode 20, 22 during said charging for ionization of the fluid.

[0093] More specifically, the power supply 28, 50 comprises two transformers 28, 50, which are adapted to provide an alternating current of a certain frequency to the electrodes. Accordingly, the power supply 28, 50 is adapted to supply such a voltage to the first pair 18 of electrodes that both electrodes 20, 22 are positively charged at the same time and therefore emit electrons. It is schematically shown in a top view in FIG. 4, wherein the arrows 30, 31 indicate paths of electrons emitted from the tips of the electrodes 20, 22. Further, the container 4 is adapted for conveying the gas in a flow past the first pair 18 of electrodes, wherein the gas flow may be regarded as a negatively charged region 32 between the electrodes 20, 22 for interaction with the emitted electrons from the electrodes so that a first electric discharge structure 34 may be created. More specifically, a plurality of electric discharges project from each one of the electrodes 20, 22 for ionization of the gas. FIG. 5 is a schematic front view of the first electric discharge structure 34 created in the container according to FIG. 4. Further, each electric discharge has a zigzag shape in the form of saw teeth.

[0094] More specifically, each transformer 28, 50 comprises a primary winding and a secondary winding. Each transformer turns the voltage from an input of 12 to 220 volts with a frequency of 50 to 60 Hz to 2*7.5 kV for each pole (associated to one of the electrodes) with a frequency of about 20 kHz by changing the electric charge of the electrodes (AC current). Accordingly, each transformer 28, 50 comprises a frequency converter 29, 51 where one of the ground wire functions is to reduce noise.

[0095] It should be noted that the zigzag electric discharge shapes shown in the FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 are only schematically shown. Especially, the electric discharges are magnified and much bigger than the real size in relation to the size of the electrodes 20, 22. In reality the zigzags are in microscopic scales. Also, their plurality is much higher than the number of the electric discharges shown in the figures.

[0096] Each one of the transformers 28, 50 is adapted for supplying an output voltage at a magnitude of around 7.5 kV via each one of its output terminals. Further, each one of the transformers 28, 50 is adapted for supplying the output voltage in a frequency about 20 kHz, wherein the polarity of the electrodes connected to the two output terminals/poles of one transformer will change very fast (every 0.00005 second).

[0097] The ionization device 2 further comprises a magnetic field generating arrangement 304. It will be described in more detail below in association with FIG. 11-14.

[0098] The magnetic field generating arrangement 304 comprises a first section 305 arranged upstream of the first pair 18 of electrodes in the longitudinal direction of the container, wherein the first electric discharge structure 34 comprises a first set of electric discharges 334 that are deflected downstream from the electrodes by the gas flow and a second set of electric discharges 336 extending upstream from the electrodes 20, 22 by the effect of the magnetic field of the first magnetic field generating section 305. The first set of electric discharges 334 and the second set of electric discharges 336 are shown in FIG. 4. It may be noted that the second set of electric discharges 336 comprises fewer electric discharges than the first set of electric discharges 334 and that the electric discharges in the second set of electric discharges 336 have a smaller extension in the longitudinal direction of the container relative to the first set of electric discharges 334.

[0099] More specifically, the magnetic field generated by the first magnetic field generating section 305 creates bridges/pathways for electric discharges also upstream of the electrode pair 18, see arrows 330 and 331 indicating the electrons emitted from the electrodes 20, 22. The second set of electric discharges 336 comprises a plurality of electric discharges between the electrodes 20, 22. Further, the electric discharges have a zigzag/saw-tooth shape.

[0100] It should be noted that the zigzag electric discharge shapes shown in the FIG. 4 and FIG. 5, are magnified and much bigger than the real size in relation to the size of the electrodes 20, 22. In reality the zigzags are in microscopic scales. Also, their plurality is much higher than the number of the electric discharges shown in the figures.

[0101] More specifically, each one of the electrodes 20, 22 is arranged in an opening 36, 38 through the container wall 10. More specifically, the container comprises a pipe-shaped portion 40, 42 extending in a transverse direction relative to the longitudinal direction of the container 4. More specifically, the pipe-shaped portion 40, 42 extends perpendicularly relative to the longitudinal direction of the container 4. The pipe-shaped portions 40, 42 define the openings 36, 38. More specifically, the pipe-shaped portions 40, 42 are formed in one-piece with the container 4. More specifically, the electrodes 20, 22 are arranged in the pipe-shaped portions 40, 42 in a gas tight manner for avoiding leakage.

[0102] The ionization device 2 further comprises a second pair 44 of electrodes 46, 48 arranged in the container 4 in a similar way as has been described above with regard to the first pair 18 of electrodes 20, 22. The second pair 44 of electrodes 46, 48 are arranged at a distance from the first pair 18 of electrodes 20, 22 in the longitudinal direction of the container 4. Each one of the first pair 18 of electrodes 20, 22 and the second pair 44 of electrodes 46, 48 are arranged at the portion of the container 4 having a constant cross section with a distance between the adjacent electrode pairs of about 30 mm. The power supply 28,50 is adapted for charging each one of the electrodes 46, 48 in the second pair 44 of electrodes so that they have the same charge at the same time. In this way, such a potential difference between each one of the electrodes 46, 48 and an environment of the respective electrode may be created that electric discharges take place from each one of the electrodes separately. Accordingly, the power supply 28, 50 is adapted to supply such a voltage also to the second pair 44 of electrodes that both electrodes 46, 48 are positively charged at the same time and therefore emit/exchange electrons/positrons.

[0103] The arrangement is adapted to synchronize the charging of the first pair 20 of electrodes 20, 22 in relation to the second pair 44 of electrodes 46, 48 so that the second pair 44 of electrodes 46, 48 are negatively charged when the first pair 20 of electrodes 20, 22 are positively charged and vice versa.

[0104] The two transformers 28, 50 are of the same natural frequency and identical. By arranging the transformers 28, 50 adjacent each other in relative close proximity, their frequency cycles will become synced eventually in a steady state since they would influence each other during operation, due to Hertz and frequency laws. Accordingly, they can work with a synced frequency permanently. Accordingly, this synchronization happens spontaneously as soon as the transformers are turned on. According to an alternative, means may be provided to actively control the synchronization, such as arranging a one-way diode (a diode that synchronize the direction of the current in the same directionthe sinus or cosinus wave) in the path of each exit terminal.

[0105] Accordingly, each one of the transformers has two output terminals/poles, which are connected to the electrodes 20, 22; 46, 48 for charging the electrodes. When the potential reaches an amount that is sufficient for electric discharge, the above-mentioned phenomenon of electric discharge will take place. More specifically, a first electrode 22 in the first pair 18 of electrodes and a first electrode 46 in the second pair 44 of electrodes are connected to opposite terminals of a first transformer 28. Further, a second electrode 20 in the first pair 18 of electrodes and a second electrode 48 in the second pair 44 of electrodes are connected to opposite terminals of a second transformer 50.

[0106] The ionization device 2 further comprises a gas flow pumping means 52 for supplying the gas flow from a tank 54 of compressed air to the inlet 14 of the container 4. More specifically, the gas flow pumping means 52 is adapted for supplying the gas flow at such a rate to the container 4 that it is conveyed past the first pair 18 of electrodes 20, 22 so that at least parts of the first electric discharge structure are deflected downstream from the electrodes 20, 22 in a direction of the gas flow. More specifically, the gas flow pumping means 52 is adapted for supplying the gas flow to the container with a gas flow rate in a range of 10-12 litre/min.

[0107] It may be noted that the device is not limited to an application of a tank for supply of the gas. It can be a compressor using ambient air or an industrial blower, etc.

[0108] Further, the gas flow pumping means 52 is adapted for supplying the gas flow to the inlet 14 of the container 4 in a pulsed manner. The method comprises the step of supplying the gas flow in a pulsed manner to the inlet 14 of the container 4 via a pulsing duration at about 0.5 seconds with a pause between consecutive pulses of about 1.5 seconds, see graph in FIG. 18.

[0109] The outlet 16 of the container 4 is in fluid communication with a tank 56 comprising a process liquid, such as industrial water or wastewater that have strong aerobic or anaerobic bacteria. A line connecting the outlet 16 with the tank 56 ends in a lower region of the tank 56 so that the ionized gas may be supplied below a surface of the process liquid in order to separate inorganic or mineral substances such as metal by sedimentation or kill the bacteria.

[0110] According to an alternative, the tank 56 is replaced with another device that relates to air purification. The ionized gas exiting the outlet can be directly sprayed to a room to eliminate virus, bacteria, odour, etc.

[0111] A further effect of the pulsing is that a less amount of unionized air (O2) per volume of output is sent to the tank 56. Unionized air may risk support the aerobic bacteria to grow and it will compete with the ionized portion of the air. With pulsing, more ionized air compared to unprocessed air (O2) is sent in the mixture per volume of output fluid.

[0112] FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a device 102 for ionization of a gas according to a second embodiment. The ionization device 102 according to the second embodiment has many parts in common with the ionization device 2 according to the first embodiment. For ease of presentation, only the main differences will be explained below.

[0113] The ionization device 102 comprises a nozzle 104 arranged in the inlet 14 of the container 4. The nozzle 4 is adapted for being rotated around an axis in parallel with an axis of the inlet 14 for conveying the gas along a helical path inside of the container 4. The nozzle 104 comprises an end portion facing the container inner chamber 12 having radially external surfaces defining a generally circular cross section shape that is matched to a dimension of an inner surface of the inlet 14. Further, the nozzle 104 comprises peripheral through-going channels adapted for creating a helical flow inside of the container 4.

[0114] The ionization device 102 further comprises a first fluid flow directing unit 106 arranged in the container 4. The first fluid flow directing unit 106 is arranged downstream of the first pair 18 of electrodes. More specifically, the first fluid flow directing unit 106 is arranged downstream of the second pair 44 of electrodes.

[0115] The first fluid flow directing unit 106 is adapted to compensate for a pressure drop throughout the length of the container 4 by providing a hindrance to the gas flow. In this way, a second electric discharge structure created by the second pair 44 of electrodes may be as strong and disciplined as the first electric discharge structure created by the first pair 18 of electrodes. More specifically, the pressure in the container 4 is maintained or at least not significantly reduced thanks to the first fluid flow directing unit 106. A distance between the molecules is decreased and the retention time in the container is increased and consequently the ionization efficiency increases. Further, maintaining the pressure at a relatively high level may be important for the delivery of the fluid to the tank 56, since the liquid in the tank provides a counterpressure that needs to be overcome.

[0116] FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the first fluid flow directing unit 106 provided in the container 4 in FIG. 6. FIG. 8 is a front view of the first fluid flow directing unit 106 in FIG. 7. The first fluid flow directing unit 106 comprises at least one peripheral fluid flow guide channel 108 having an outlet 110 circumferentially displaced relative to an inlet 112 for turning a first part of an incoming fluid flow. The first fluid flow directing unit 106 further comprises a central fluid flow guide channel 114 with an extension substantially in parallel with the longitudinal direction of the elongated container 4 for guiding a second part of the incoming fluid flow substantially in the longitudinal direction of the elongated container 4.

[0117] More specifically, the first fluid flow directing unit 106 comprises a plurality of circumferentially spaced peripheral fluid flow guide channels 108, 118, 120. Further, the at least one peripheral fluid flow guide channel 108, 118, 120 has a substantially larger dimension than the central fluid flow guide channel 114 for conveying a substantially larger part of the incoming fluid flow.

[0118] Further, the first fluid flow directing unit 106 has a rounded peripheral surface 122 substantially corresponding to a curvature of the rounded inner surface of the container 4, wherein the first fluid flow directing unit 106 is arranged in the container 4 so that the rounded surfaces are in contact with each other in a fluid tight manner.

[0119] More specifically, the first fluid flow directing unit 106 is rigidly connected, such as via weld seams, to the container 4 in an operational position. The first fluid flow directing unit 106 may be formed in a material with the same or similar expansion coefficient as the container wall 10. According to one example, the first fluid flow directing unit 106 is formed in glass. It creates conditions for rigidly connecting the first fluid flow directing unit 106 to the container 4 in the operational position via welding.

[0120] More specifically, the first fluid flow directing unit 106 comprises a body 124 defining the at least one peripheral fluid flow guide channel 108, 118, 120 and the central fluid flow guide channel 114. More specifically, the first fluid flow directing unit 106 is formed by a one-piece body 124.

[0121] The at least one peripheral fluid flow guide channel 108, 118, 120 is open in a radial direction of the first fluid flow directing unit 106. More specifically, at least one peripheral fluid flow guide channel 108, 118, 120 is closed in the radial direction by the wall 10 of the container 4 in FIG. 6.

[0122] The first fluid flow directing unit 106 comprises sections 126, 128, 130 circumferentially between adjacent peripheral fluid flow guide channels 108, 118, 120. A radially outer surface of these sections 126, 128, 130 of the first fluid flow directing unit 106 defines a circular shape of substantially the same dimension as the inner surface of the elongated container 4. A wall of each one of the sections 126, 128, 130 faces in the longitudinal direction of the container 4 for blocking parts of the fluid flow. A total area of the walls of the sections 126, 128, 130 is substantially the same as a cross section area defined by the peripheral fluid flow guide channels 108, 118, 120.

[0123] The first fluid flow directing unit 106 is adapted for conveying at least a first portion of the fluid along a helical path inside of the container 4 via the at least one peripheral fluid flow guide channel 108, 118, 120. Further, the first fluid flow directing unit 106 is adapted for conveying at least a second portion of the fluid along a substantially straight path inside of the container via the central fluid flow guide channel 114.

[0124] FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a device 202 for ionization of a gas according to a third embodiment. The ionization device 202 according to the third embodiment has many parts in common with the ionization device 102 according to the second embodiment. For ease of presentation, only the main differences will be explained below.

[0125] The ionization device 202 comprises a second fluid flow directing unit 206. The two fluid flow directing units 106, 206 are arranged spaced from each other in the longitudinal direction of the container 4. More specifically, the two fluid flow directing units 106, 206 are arranged on opposite sides of the first pair 18 of electrodes 20, 22. More specifically, the two fluid flow directing units 106, 206 are arranged on opposite sides of the first pair 18 of electrodes 20, 22 and the second pair 44 of electrodes 46, 48. More specifically, the second fluid flow directing unit 206 has a design similar to the design of the first fluid flow directing unit 106 with the difference that the at least one peripheral fluid flow guide channel is turned circumferentially in an opposite direction. Thus, the two fluid flow directing units 106, 206 are identical in dimension but have a mirrored design for the change of direction of the fluid flow. In other words, a first one of the two fluid flow directing units 106, 206 is adapted to turn the fluid flow in a clockwise direction and the other one is adapted to turn the fluid flow in a counter clockwise direction.

[0126] FIG. 10 is a schematic top view of the ionization device 202 as in FIG. 9 indicating the fluid flow paths. The peripheral fluid flow guide channel 108, 118, 120 of the upstream first fluid flow directing unit 206 are adapted to convey a first part of the fluid flow in a helical path 208 inside the container 4. Further, the central fluid flow guide channel 114 is adapted to convey a second part of the fluid flow in a substantially straight path 210 inside of the container in parallel with the longitudinal direction of the container 4.

[0127] FIG. 11 is a perspective view of parts of the ionization device 2.

[0128] The magnetic field generating arrangement 304 is adapted for generating a magnetic field in the vicinity of the first pair 18 of electrodes for affecting the electric discharge structures for supporting the ionization of the gas. The magnetic field generating arrangement 304 is arranged outside of the container 4. It creates conditions for a long life of the magnetic field generating arrangement 304 since it will not be subjected to the interior environment (friction and heat) of the container 4.

[0129] The magnetic field generating arrangement 304 comprises at least one magnetic field generating unit 310. The magnetic field generating unit 310 is formed by an electromagnet 308. The electromagnet 308 comprises a coil adapted for the passage of electric current. The electromagnet 308 is arranged so that an axis of the coil extends in a radial direction in relation to the container 4. According to an alternative, the magnetic field generating unit 310 is formed by a permanent magnet. The magnetic field generating unit is adapted for providing a magnetic strength in a range of 20-180 and especially in a range of 20-40 N.

[0130] More specifically, the first magnetic field generating section 305 comprises a plurality of circumferentially spaced magnetic field generating units 310 around the container. According to the shown example, the first magnetic field generating section 305 comprises six circumferentially spaced magnetic field generating units 310 around the container. The number of magnetic field generating units 310 may of course be altered depending on the application. Further, each one of the circumferentially spaced magnetic field generating units 310 is formed by an electromagnet. According to an alternative, one or several or all of the circumferentially spaced magnetic field generating units 310 may be formed by a permanent magnet.

[0131] Referring now also to FIG. 12 that is a perspective view of the first magnetic field generating section 305. The first magnetic field generating section 305 comprises a ring-shaped support 312 extending around the container, wherein the ring-shaped support is adapted to hold the circumferentially spaced magnetic field generating units 310 in their operational positions. Each one of the circumferentially spaced magnetic field generating units 310 is arranged so that its axis extends radially outwards from the ring-shaped support 312.

[0132] FIG. 13 is a partly cut front view of the ionization device 2 in FIG. 1. The ring-shaped support 312 is arranged in close proximity to an outer wall surface of the container 4. More specifically, the ring-shaped support 312 has an inner diameter that is somewhat larger than an outer diameter of the container 4.

[0133] With reference to FIG. 11, the magnetic field generating arrangement 304 comprises a second section 307, which is arranged outside of the container and downstream of the first pair 18 of electrodes in the longitudinal direction of the container 4, wherein the second magnetic field generating section 307 is adapted for generating a magnetic field in the vicinity of the first pair of electrodes for stabilizing the first electric discharge structure. More specifically, the magnetic field created by the second magnetic field generating section 307 is adapted for disciplining the first set of electric discharges and give them a more coherent arrangement. In other words, the disciplining of the electric discharges means that the electric discharges form a more symmetric pattern with certain spacings etc. Also, the magnetic field created by the second magnetic field generating section 307 effects the first set of electric discharges to increase the quantity of the electric discharges as well as an increased thickness of the electric discharges. The second magnetic field generating section 307 is similar in construction and functionality as the first magnetic field generating section 305.

[0134] Further, the magnetic field generating arrangement 304 comprises a third section 309, which is arranged outside of the container and upstream of the second pair 44 of electrodes in the longitudinal direction of the container 4. The third magnetic field generating section 309 is adapted for generating a magnetic field in the vicinity of the second pair 44 of electrodes similar to how the first magnetic field generating section 305 is adapted for generating the magnetic field in the vicinity of the first pair 18 of electrodes and will therefore not be described in any further detail here.

[0135] FIG. 14 is a schematic top view of the magnetic field generating arrangement 304 schematically showing parts 311 of the magnetic fields generated. More specifically, FIG. 14 shows the magnetic fields generated by two opposite magnetic field generating units 310. Similar magnetic fields are created by each one of the other two pairs of opposite magnetic field generating units 310.

[0136] FIG. 15 is a perspective view of a container 404 according to an alternative design relative to the container 4 in FIG. 2. The container 404 differs in relation to the container 4 in FIG. 2 in that it has a further outlet 416. The further outlet 416 is arranged inclined in relation to the longitudinal direction of the container 404. More specifically, the further outlet 416 is arranged with an angle of its axis in relation to the axis of the outlet 16 in a range of 30-60 and preferably about 45. Further, the further outlet 416 is arranged extending from the half-spherical end 8 of the container 404. The arrangement of two outlets 4, 404 creates conditions for dividing the ionized gas flow into two separate gas flows to different destinations. According to one example, one of the outlets 16, 416 may be in fluid communication with the inlet 14 for recirculation of a part of the ionized fluid flow.

[0137] FIG. 16 shows an ionization device 402 according to a fourth embodiment comprising the container 404 according to FIG. 15. It indicates the fluid flow paths inside of the container 404. More specifically, the design and position of the first fluid flow directing unit 106 is designed for conveying a first part of the fluid towards the axial outlet 16 and a second part of the fluid towards the further second outlet 416.

[0138] The ionization device 402 may as an alternative or complement to the first fluid flow directing unit 106 further comprise means for selective guiding of parts of the fluid flow to the outlets 16, 416. According to one example, the fluid flow selective guiding means is adapted to attract a negatively charged part of the flow to the further outlet 416. It may be formed by a further electrode acting as a cathode. Since electrons has a negative charge and some of the ionized molecules/atoms are positively charged, the cathode may attract the negatively charged part of the flow to the further outlet 416 and it can be used for another purpose (for example returning to the inlet 14 or for other purposes). In this way, the axial main output (the target ionization) in the axial outlet 16 is more purified. According to an alternative or complement, an anode may be used to absorb the positively charged part of the flow depending on the purpose.

[0139] FIG. 17 is a schematic and partly cut perspective view of parts of an ionization device 602 according to a fifth embodiment. The ionization device 602 according to the fifth embodiment has many parts in common with the ionization device 2 according to the first embodiment. For ease of presentation, only the main differences will be explained below.

[0140] The ionization device 602 comprises at least one light source 504, 506, which is adapted to subject the gas flow in the container for radiation and thereby support the ionization of the gas. The light-matter interaction provides for the phenomenon of Pair Production.

[0141] The light source 504, 506 is in the shape of a strip extending in the longitudinal direction of the container 4. The light source 504, 506 strip has a main extension along a straight line. More specifically, two light sources 504, 506 are arranged opposite each other, ie spaced with 180. More specifically, the two light sources 504, 506 are arranged so that their longitudinal directions are in parallel with each other. More specifically, the strip shaped light source extends along a substantial part of the container 4 and in the shown example substantially along its complete length. The light source 504, 506 is arranged outside of the container 4. It creates conditions for a long life of the light source 504 since it will not be subjected to the interior environment (friction and heat) of the container 4. The radiation by the light source 504 may radiate the fluid flow thanks to the fact that the container wall is transparent.

[0142] The at least one light source 504, 506 comprises a plurality of light source units arranged in a spaced relationship in a longitudinal direction of the respective strip. The light source 504, 506 may be light-emitting diodes (LED) adapted for radiating an ultraviolet (UV) light. According to an alternative, a Xenon lamp may be used. According to one example, the light sources 504, 506 may be adapted to provide a light intensity in a range of 100-5600 Lumen. The light intensity may be matched to the magnitude of the voltage supplied to the electrodes, wherein a lower voltage may be compensated by a higher light intensity for a certain ionization effect.

[0143] According to an alternative, the light source may be a light bulb instead of a strip. Also other shapes and arrangements of the light source may be applicable.

[0144] The ionization device 602 comprises the magnetic field generating arrangement 304 as in FIG. 1. The ionization device 602 further comprises a support structure 604 for supporting the container 4, the light sources 504, 506 and the magnetic field generating arrangement 304 in predefined positions. More specifically, the support structure 604 comprises two blocks 606, 608. The blocks 606, 608 are adapted to be positioned on top of each other. Each block 606, 608 comprises a receptacle 610, 612 in the surfaces adapted to face each other. The receptacle 610, 612 has an elongated extension defining a half-circle in cross section for receiving the container 4. Further, each block 606, 608 is designed with internal chambers/receptacles for receiving the light sources 504, 506 and the magnetic field generating arrangement 304. Further, each block 606, 608 is provided with through holes 614 in a certain configuration for matching each other in order to receive bolts for securing the blocks 606, 608 to each other. Further, each block 606, 608 may be adapted to also receive the transformers 28, 50.

[0145] FIG. 19 is a graph indicating available energy for ionization for different pause/pulse ratios. As seen in the graph, to any ratio below 3.3 (and more safely below 3) would be beneficial as a pulsing feature. However, 3 is the optimal value. It provides for a highest possible efficiency of ionization while avoiding reaching to 1500 KJ/mol limit (with 2*7.5 kV of 20 kHz of transformation) of available ionization energy. This is thanks to increased contact time during the pause by controlling the flow of the fluid with pulsing.

[0146] FIG. 20 is a partly cut and exploded perspective view of an arrangement 702 for ionization of a fluid. The arrangement 702 comprises the ionization device 2 in FIG. 1 arranged in a casing 714 that has a generally circular cylindrical outer shape. The arrangement 702 comprises a generally flat rectangular wall 718 and wall 720 that is generally half-circular in cross section, which is connected to the flat rectangular wall 718 in a way defining an internal space between the walls 718, 720. The ionization device 2 is arranged in the internal space between the walls 718, 720. The transformers 28, 50 are arranged on either side of the container 4 in its longitudinal direction and connected to the electrodes 20, 22, 46, 48 as described above. Further, the transformers are located within the internal space between the walls 718, 720.

[0147] FIG. 21 is a schematic view of a device 802 for ionization of a fluid according to an alternative to the first embodiment. The ionization device 802 differs from the first embodiment in the structure of the transformers 828, 850. More specifically, a secondary mid-point of a secondary winding is connected to earth.

[0148] It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above and illustrated in the drawings; rather, the skilled person will recognize that many changes and modifications may be made within the scope of the appended claims.

[0149] The invention has been described above for an application of cleaning industrial process liquids. According to an alternative, the invention may be used for cleaning wastewater, such as municipal wastewater. According to an alternative, the invention may be used for cleaning air, such as air in buildings. The ionized gas may be used for eliminating organic and mineral impurities or pollutants. Such organic matter may be bacteria, viruses, other harmful microorganisms, and some organic chemical substances.

[0150] Further, the invention has been described for applying a magnetic field to a fluid flow with regard to embodiments where each one of the electrodes in the first pair of electrodes are charged so that they are simultaneously negatively or positively charged. In this way, a potential difference is created between each one of the electrodes and an environment of the respective electrode that electric discharges take place from each one of the electrodes. Accordingly, a plurality of electric discharge structures formed at the same time from each one of the electrodes in the first pair. Similarly for the second pair of electrodes, they are charged so that electric discharges take place simultaneously from each one of the electrodes. According to an alternative embodiment, the application of the magnetic field may be used for a device where a first one of the electrodes in one pair is positively charged and a second one of the electrodes in the same pair is negatively charged, wherein continuous arc structures may be realized extending between the electrodes in each pair.