BIOLUBRIFICANTES FOR LARGE MEDIUM AND SMALL INDUSTRIAL COMPRESSORS

Abstract

The invention is based on the development of biolubricants from vegetable oils, whose performance is superior to traditional lubricants currently used on the market, the vast majority of which are of petrochemical origin. Another great positive aspect is the rapid biodegradability, in less than 28 days more than 60% of the product biodegrades. In most countries, the disposal use after of these petrochemical products is prohibited, which creates a major problem and cost. The flexibility and the possibility of assembling molecules with different configurations generate lubricants with previously unimaginable performance, such as, for example, high lubricity, adjustable viscosity and low freezing points.

Claims

1. Process for the production of polyol ester formulations characterized in that it is from palm kernel, palm, soybean, rapeseed, sunflower, corn, peanut, castor oil and their respective fatty acids or methyl or ethyl esters;

2. Process, according to claim 1, characterized in that the vegetable or animal oils are in natural form or in the form of fatty acids, esters, hydrogenated, epoxidized, oxidized, dehydrogenated or polymerized.

3. Process, according to claim 1, characterized in that the fatty materials make up 70 to 80% by weight of the formulation, preferably above 90%.

4. Process according to claim 1, characterized in that the polyols used in the formulations are pentaerythritol, neopentyl glycol, trimethylolpropane, propylene glycol, di-propylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, whose weight composition is below 30%, preferably below 10%.

5. Polyol ester formulations synthesized by the process as defined in claim 1, characterized in that they are formulated alone or in mixtures to obtain the desired characteristics, both from a performance and economic point of view.

6. Use of polyol ester formulations, as defined in claim 5, characterized in that they are for use in large, medium and small industrial compressors.

7. Polyester formulations, according to claim 5, characterized in that they are biodegradable and can be discarded after use or recovered due to their high oxidative stability.

Description

EXAMPLE 1

[0020] 1) Load 700 grams of palm kernel methyl ester (3.24 mol) and 300 grams of dimerized ester (0.98 mol) into the reactor; [0021] 2) Add 143 grams of pentaerythritol (1.04 mol); [0022] 3) Add 5.48 grams of catalyst; [0023] 4) Heat to 230 C. and react until approximately 90 grams of methanol distills; [0024] 5) Apply vacuum to react residual hydroxyls for 1 hour; [0025] 6) Cool to 90 C.; [0026] 7) Add 30 grams of clarifying earth, keep stirring for 30 minutes; [0027] 8) The viscosity at 40 C. measured on the Canon Fenske viscometer was 64.9 centistokes.

Physical-Chemical Analysis

TABLE-US-00001 Water 400 ppm Acidity 0.45 mgkoh/gr Viscosity at 40 C. 64.9 cst Freezing point 15 C. Saponification index 183 mgkoh/g Hydroxyl Index 13 mgkoh/g Appearance yellow liquid

EXAMPLE 2

[0028] 1) Load 700 grams of distilled methyl dimerate (2.90 mol) into the reactor; [0029] 2) Add 301 grams of neopentyl glycol (2.90 mol); [0030] 3) Add 5.48 grams of catalyst; [0031] 4) Heat to 230 C. and react until approximately 90 grams of methanol distills; [0032] 5) Apply vacuum to react residual hydroxyls for 1 hour; [0033] 6) Cool to 90 C. [0034] 7) Add 30 grams of clarifying earth, keep stirring for 30 minutes; [0035] 8) The viscosity at 40 C. measured on the Canon Fenske viscometer was 40.9 centistokes.

Physical-Chemical Analysis

TABLE-US-00002 Water 300 ppm Acidity 0.64 mgkoh/gr Viscosity 40 C. 40.9 cst Freezing point 20 C. Saponification index 175 mgkoh/g Hydroxyl Index 11 mgkoh/g Appearance yellow liquid

EXAMPLE 3

[0036] 1) Load 700 grams of isomerized methyl ester (2.28 mol) into the reactor; [0037] 2) Add 78 grams of pentaerythritol (0.57 mol); [0038] 3) Add 6.2 grams of catalyst; [0039] 4) Heat to 260 C. and react until approximately 70 grams of methanol distills; [0040] 5) Apply vacuum to react residual hydroxyls for 2 hours; [0041] 6) Cool to 90 C.; [0042] 7) Add 30 grams of clarifying earth, keep stirring for 30 minutes; [0043] 8) The viscosity at 40 C. measured on the Canon Fenske viscometer was 20.9 centistokes.

Physical-Chemical Analysis

TABLE-US-00003 Water 320 ppm Acidity 0.24 mgkoh/g Viscosity at 40 C. 20.9 cst Freezing point 30 C. Saponification index 178 mgkoh/g Hydroxyl Index 8 mgkoh/g Appearance colorless liquid

EXAMPLE 4

1) Load 700 grams of palm methyl ester (2.30 mol) into the reactor;

[0044] 2) Add 102 grams of trimethylolpropane (0.77 mol); [0045] 3) Add 6.0 grams of catalyst; [0046] 4) Heat to 270 C. and react until approximately 70 grams of methanol distills; [0047] 5) Apply vacuum to react residual hydroxyls for 2 hours; [0048] 6) Cool to 90 C.; [0049] 7) Add 30 grams of clarifying earth, keep stirring for 30 minutes; [0050] 8) The viscosity at 40 C. measured on the Canon Fenske viscometer was 44.1 centistokes.

Physical-Chemical Analysis

TABLE-US-00004 Water 620 ppm Acidity 0.74 mgkoh/g Viscosity at 40 C. 44.1 cst Freezing point 10 C. Saponification index 187 mgkoh/g Hydroxyl Index 12.1 mgkoh/g Appearance yellowish liquid

EXAMPLE 5

[0051] 1) Load 700 grams of dehydrated castor bean methyl ester (2.36 mol) into the reactor; [0052] 2) Add 85 grams of propylene glycol (1.12 mol); [0053] 3) Add 6.0 grams of catalyst; [0054] 4) Heat to 220 C. and react until approximately 68 grams of methanol distills; [0055] 5) Increase the temperature to 240 C., apply vacuum to react the residual hydroxyls for 2 hours; [0056] 6) Cool to 90 C.; [0057] 7) Add 30 grams of clarifying earth, keep stirring for 30 minutes; [0058] 8) The viscosity at 40 C. measured on the Canon Fenske viscometer was 56.2 centistokes.

Physical-Chemical Analysis

TABLE-US-00005 Water 320 ppm Acidity 0.27 mgkoh/g Viscosity at 40 C. 56.2 cst Freezing point 18 C. Saponification index 192 mgkoh/g Hydroxyl Index 10.1 mgkoh/g Appearance yellowish liquid.