PICKLEBALL PADDLE DAMPENING LAYERS

Abstract

A pickleball paddle may include a core, a vibration dampening layer coupled to the core, and an outer layer coupled to the vibration dampening layer. A pickleball paddle may include a core assembly including a core, an outer layer, an intermediate layer located between the core and the outer layer, and a vibration dampening layer coupled to at least one of the core, the intermediate layer, and the outer layer. A pickleball paddle may include a core assembly including a core, an outer layer, and a vibration dampening layer coupled to at least one of the core, and the outer layer.

Claims

1. A pickleball paddle comprising: a core; a vibration dampening layer coupled to the core; and an outer layer coupled to the vibration dampening layer.

2. The pickleball paddle of claim 1, wherein the core comprises a honeycomb structure, a foam, or combinations thereof.

3. The pickleball paddle of claim 1, wherein the vibration dampening layer comprises a fabric, an elastoviscous material, or combinations thereof.

4. The pickleball paddle of claim 3, wherein the vibration dampening layer comprises: a first vibration dampening layer coupled to a first side of the core; and a second vibration dampening layer coupled to a second side of the core.

5. The pickleball paddle of claim 1, wherein the vibration dampening layer comprises a fabric layer, the fabric layer comprising a woven fabric, a non-woven fabric, or combinations thereof.

6. The pickleball paddle of claim 1, wherein the vibration dampening layer comprises an elastoviscous material, the elastoviscous material comprising a constant viscosity elastic fluid, an adhesive, a pressure sensitive adhesive, a non-Newtonian fluid, a rheopectic fluid, or combinations thereof.

7. The pickleball paddle of claim 1, wherein the core comprises: a first core; and a second core.

8. The paddle of claim 7, further comprising an elastoviscous material layer located between the first core and the second core.

9. The paddle of claim 8, wherein the elastoviscous material layer comprises a constant viscosity elastic fluid, an adhesive, a pressure sensitive adhesive, a non-Newtonian fluid, a rheopectic fluid, or combinations thereof.

10. The pickleball paddle of claim 1, wherein the core comprises a foam, a honeycomb structure, or combinations thereof.

11. The pickleball of claim 1, further comprising an intermediate layer coupled to the core, the intermediate layer comprising fiberglass, carbon fiber, thermoplastic, plastic, or combinations thereof.

12. The pickleball of claim 11, wherein the intermediate layer is placed between the core and the vibration dampening layer, between the vibration dampening layer and the outer layer, or combinations thereof.

13. A pickleball paddle comprising: a core assembly comprising: a core; an outer layer; an intermediate layer located between the core and the outer layer; and a vibration dampening layer coupled to at least one of the core, the intermediate layer, and the outer layer.

14. The pickleball paddle of claim 13, wherein the core comprises a foam, a honeycomb structure, or combinations thereof.

15. The pickleball paddle of claim 14, wherein the core comprises: a first core; and a second core; and the vibration dampening layer coupled between the first core and the second core.

16. The paddle of claim 15, wherein the vibration dampening layer comprises an elastoviscous material comprising a constant viscosity elastic fluid, an adhesive, a pressure sensitive adhesive, a non-Newtonian fluid, a rheopectic fluid, or combinations thereof.

17. The paddle of claim 13, wherein the vibration dampening layer is coupled between the core and at least one of the intermediate layer, and the outer layer.

18. A pickleball paddle comprising: a core assembly comprising: a core; an outer layer; and a vibration dampening layer coupled to at least one of the core, and the outer layer.

19. The pickleball paddle of claim 18, further comprising: an intermediate layer located between the core and the outer layer, wherein the intermediate layer comprises a vibration-dampening layers, a fabric layer, a woven fabric layer, a non-woven fabric layer, a fiberglass layer, a carbon fiber layer, a rheological layer, an elastoviscous layer, a constant viscosity elastic fluid, an adhesive, a pressure sensitive adhesive, a non-Newtonian fluid, a rheopectic fluid, or combinations thereof.

20. The pickleball paddle of claim 18, wherein the outer layer comprises fiberglass, carbon fiber, a thermoplastic, a plastic, or combinations thereof

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0007] The detailed description is set forth below with reference to the accompanying figures. In the figures, the left-most digit(s) of a reference number identifies the figure in which the reference number first appears. The use of the same reference numbers in different figures indicates similar or identical items. The systems depicted in the accompanying figures are not to scale and components within the figures may be depicted not to scale with each other.

[0008] FIG. 1 illustrates an isometric view of a paddle, according to an example of the principles described herein.

[0009] FIG. 2 illustrates an isometric view of a paddle, according to an example of the principles described herein.

[0010] FIG. 3 illustrates a plan, front view of a paddle, according to an example of the principles described herein.

[0011] FIG. 4 illustrates a plan, side view of a paddle, according to an example of the principles described herein.

[0012] FIG. 5 illustrates a plan, top view of a paddle, according to an example of the principles described herein.

[0013] FIG. 6 illustrates a plan, bottom view of a paddle, according to an example of the principles described herein.

[0014] FIG. 7 illustrates a plan, front view of a core assembly of a paddle, according to an example of the principles described herein.

[0015] FIG. 8 illustrates a plan, side view of a core assembly of a paddle, according to an example of the principles described herein.

[0016] FIG. 9 illustrates an isometric view of a core of a paddle, according to an example of the principles described herein.

[0017] FIG. 10 illustrates an isometric view of a core of a paddle, according to an example of the principles described herein.

[0018] FIG. 11 illustrates an exploded, isometric view of portions of a core assembly of a paddle, according to an example of the principles described herein.

[0019] FIG. 12 illustrates an exploded, isometric view of portions of a core assembly of a paddle, according to an example of the principles described herein.

[0020] FIG. 13 illustrates an exploded, isometric view of portions of a core assembly of a paddle, according to an example of the principles described herein.

[0021] FIG. 14 illustrates an exploded, isometric view of portions of a core assembly of a paddle, according to an example of the principles described herein.

[0022] FIG. 15 illustrates an exploded, isometric view of portions of a core assembly of a paddle, according to an example of the principles described herein.

[0023] FIG. 16 illustrates an exploded, isometric view of portions of a core assembly of a paddle, according to an example of the principles described herein.

DESCRIPTION OF EXAMPLE EMBODIMENTS

Overview

[0024] This disclosure describes a pickleball paddle that includes at least one layer in addition to a core and outer layers of the pickleball paddle that imparts noise dampening and/or vibration dampening qualities to the pickleball paddle. As mentioned above, the sharp popping sound caused by striking the pickleball with a pickleball paddle may be a significant nuisance. Further, the vibration caused by striking the pickleball with a pickleball paddle may be uncomfortable to a player or cause the pickleball to rebound off the pickleball paddle in an unexpected manner and/or direction.

[0025] Examples described herein provide a pickleball paddle including a core, a fabric layer coupled to the core, and an outer layer coupled to the fabric layer. The core may include a honeycomb structure. The fabric layer may include a first fabric layer coupled to a first side of the core and a second fabric layer coupled to a second side of the core. The fabric layer may include a woven fabric. The fabric layer may include a non-woven fabric. The fabric layer may include a first fabric layer coupled to a first side of the core and a second fabric layer coupled to a second side of the core. Further, the outer layer may include a first outer layer coupled to a side of the first fabric layer opposite the core, and a second outer layer coupled to a side of the second fabric layer opposite the core. The outer layer may include fiberglass. The outer layer may include carbon fiber.

[0026] Examples described herein also provide a pickleball paddle including a core, an intermediate layer coupled to the core, a fabric layer coupled to the intermediate layer, and an outer layer coupled to the fabric layer. The core may include a honeycomb structure. The intermediate layer may include a first intermediate layer coupled to a first side of the core and a second intermediate layer coupled to a second side of the core.

[0027] The fabric layer may include a first fabric layer coupled to the first intermediate layer opposite the core and a second fabric layer coupled to the second intermediate layer opposite the core. The fabric layer may include a woven fabric. The fabric layer may include a non-woven fabric.

[0028] The outer layer may include a first outer layer coupled to the first fabric layer opposite the first intermediate layer and a second outer layer coupled to the second fabric layer opposite the second intermediate layer. The outer layer may include fiberglass. The outer layer may include carbon fiber.

[0029] Examples described herein also provide a pickleball paddle including a first core, a layer of elastoviscous material coupled to the first core, and a second core coupled to the layer of elastoviscous material opposite the first core. The pickleball paddle may further include a first outer layer coupled to the first core opposite the layer of elastoviscous material, and a second outer layer coupled to the second core opposite the layer of elastoviscous material. The first core and the second core may include a honeycomb structure.

[0030] The layer of elastoviscous material may include a constant viscosity elastic fluid, an adhesive, a pressure sensitive adhesive, a non-Newtonian fluid, a rheopectic fluid, and combinations thereof. The first outer layer and the second outer layer may include fiberglass. The first outer layer and the second outer layer may include carbon fiber.

[0031] Examples described herein also provide a pickleball paddle including a first core, a layer of elastoviscous material coupled to the first core, and a second core coupled to the layer of elastoviscous material opposite the first core. The pickleball paddle may further include a first fabric layer coupled to the first core opposite the layer of elastoviscous material, and a second fabric layer coupled to the second core opposite the layer of elastoviscous material. The first fabric layer and the second fabric layer may include a woven fabric. The first fabric layer and the second fabric layer may include a non-woven fabric.

[0032] The pickleball paddle may further include a first outer layer coupled to the first fabric layer opposite the first core and a second outer layer coupled to the second fabric layer opposite the second core. The first outer layer and the second outer layer may include fiberglass. The first outer layer and the second outer layer may include carbon fiber. The first core and the second core may include a honeycomb structure. The layer of elastoviscous material may include a constant viscosity elastic fluid, an adhesive, a pressure sensitive adhesive, a non-Newtonian fluid, a rheopectic fluid, and combinations thereof.

[0033] Examples described herein also provide a pickleball paddle may include a core, an intermediate layer coupled to the core, a layer of elastoviscous material coupled to the intermediate layer opposite the core, and an outer layer coupled to the layer of elastoviscous material opposite the intermediate layer. The intermediate layer coupled to the core may include a first intermediate layer coupled to a first side of the core, and a second intermediate layer coupled to a second side of the core.

[0034] The layer of elastoviscous material may include a first layer of elastoviscous material coupled to the first intermediate layer opposite the core and a second layer of elastoviscous material coupled to the second intermediate layer opposite the core. The outer layer may include a first outer layer coupled to the first layer of elastoviscous material opposite the first intermediate layer and a second outer layer coupled to the second layer of elastoviscous material opposite the second intermediate layer. The core may include a honeycomb structure. The intermediate layer may include fiberglass. The intermediate layer may include carbon fiber.

[0035] The layer of elastoviscous material may include a constant viscosity elastic fluid, an adhesive, a pressure sensitive adhesive, a non-Newtonian fluid, a rheopectic fluid, and combinations thereof. The outer layer may include fiberglass. The outer layer may include carbon fiber.

[0036] Additionally, the techniques described in this disclosure may be performed as a method and/or by a system having non-transitory computer-readable media storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, performs the techniques described above.

Example Embodiments

[0037] Certain implementations and embodiments of the disclosure will now be described more fully below with reference to the accompanying figures, in which various aspects are shown. However, the various aspects may be implemented in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the implementations set forth herein. The disclosure encompasses variations of the embodiments, as described herein. Like numbers refer to like elements throughout.

[0038] FIG. 1 illustrates an isometric view of a paddle 100, according to an example of the principles described herein. FIG. 2 illustrates an isometric view of a paddle 100, according to an example of the principles described herein. FIG. 3 illustrates an isometric view of a paddle 100, according to an example of the principles described herein. FIG. 4 illustrates a plan, front view of a paddle 100, according to an example of the principles described herein. FIG. 5 illustrates a plan, side view of a paddle 100, according to an example of the principles described herein. FIG. 6 illustrates a plan, top view of a paddle 100, according to an example of the principles described herein. The paddle 100 of FIGS. 1 through 6 described herein may take any shape and size and may include features not described herein and/or features that are described herein based on a desired form or function of the paddle 100.

[0039] The paddle 100 may include a head portion 102 a user (e.g., player) may use to effectively strike a ball (e.g., a pickleball) during game play. The head portion 102 may include any construction that may be used to strike a ball. In one example, the head portion 102 may have a deflection as defined by a governing body. For example, the head portion 102 may have a deflection of less than 0.0625 inches (in.) under a load of at least 42 pounds (lbs.). This and other types of requirements may result in the head portion 102 having a known or limited spring or trampoline effect when utilized during play that does not give an unfair advantage to the user.

[0040] The head portion 102 may include, for example, a number of layers of materials such as, for example, an exterior layer on each side of the paddle 100 that interacts directly with a ball (e.g., a pickleball) during play. Other layers of materials within the head portion 102 may include any number of intermediary layers between the exterior layer and a core of the paddle 100. Further, the core may be included at the center of the paddle 100. The number of layers of materials within the head portion 102 of the paddle 100 may extend into other portions of the paddle 100 including a throat portion 104 and a handle portion 106.

[0041] The paddle 100 may further include a handle portion 106 coupled to the head portion 102. In one example, the handle portion 106 may be monolithically formed with the head portion 102 or may be formed separately and coupled to the head portion 102 via any coupling device and/or means. The handle portion 106 may be used by an individual to handle and manipulate the paddle 100 during play. In one example, the handle portion 106 may include any cross-sectional profile such as, for example, an octagonal cross-sectional profile to assist in the user in keeping the paddle 100 from twisting in their hand. Further, the octagonal cross-sectional profile may to assist the user in knowing the orientation the paddle 100 within their hand; whether that is, for example, an Eastern forehand grip, a semi-Western grip, or a full-Western grip. Knowing the orientation of the paddle 100 with their hand via the octagonal cross-sectional profile allows the user to, on the fly, adjust the position of the paddle 100 within the hand and cause a pickleball to deflect from the surface of the paddle 100 at different angles, at a desired speed, and/or with a desired spin. In one example, the octagonal cross-sectional profile of the handle portion 106 may be achieved through the formation of the handle portion 106 in such a shape. In one example, the octagonal cross-sectional profile of the handle portion 106 may be achieved by application of a number of build-up elements that may be coupled to the handle portion 106 via, for example, an adhesive.

[0042] The handle portion 106 may further include a butt cap 116 coupled to an end of the handle portion 106. The butt cap 116 may have any shape. In one example, the butt cap 116 may have a shape to couple to the end of the octagonal cross-sectional profile of the handle portion 106 through, for example, an engineering fit (e.g., a loose running fit, a free running fit, a close running fit, a sliding fit, or a location fit). Further, in one example, the butt cap 116 may be coupled to the handle portion 106 via an adhesive or other coupling means. In one example, the butt cap 116 may have a relatively wider circumference than the rest of the elements of the handle portion 106 in order to cause the handle portion 106 to feel comfortable within the hand of the user and to keep the paddle 100 from slipping out of the hand of the user when the user swings the paddle 100. The butt cap 116 may include a plastic seal at the base of the butt cap 116 which may include a manufacturer logo, indicia indicating a grip size of the handle portion 106, or other informative indicia.

[0043] The handle portion 106 of the paddle 100 may further include one or more layers of grip 118. The grip 118 may include any outer cover applied to the handle portion 106 to create a more padded and comfortable surface for the user to grip onto and to provide a relatively higher coefficient of friction (CoF) to keep the paddle 100 from slipping out of the hand of the user when the user swings the paddle 100. In one example, the paddle 100 may include an original grip that serves as the grip 118 and may include a synthetic grip or a genuine leather grip. Further, in one example, the handle portion 106 may further include an overgrip to cover and protect the original grip and create an even more cushioned feel and/or an even higher CoF relative to the original grip.

[0044] The grip 118 may be secured to the handle portion 106 via grip tape 120. The grip tape 120 may include any tape or other layer used to secure a grip or overgrip in place on the handle portion 106. In one example, a rubber band element referred to as a grip collar may be used in addition to or in place of the grip tape 120.

[0045] The paddle 100 may further include a throat portion 104 as described above. The throat portion 104 may include any portions of the head portion 102 and/or the handle portion 106 with the understanding that the region which may be considered a throat may vary among different paddles. Thus, the throat portion 104 may include any portion of the paddle 100 between and/or including the head portion 102 and the handle portion 106. In one example, the throat portion 104 of the paddle 100 may include an open throat 112. The open throat 112 may include any void through an entirety of the paddle 100 within the throat portion 104 which may provide for a lighter paddle 100 that is relatively more flexible and more powerful. Further, the open throat 112 allows for a decrease in wind resistance as a user swings the paddle 100 since air may flow through the open throat 112 unimpeded, reducing drag that the paddle 100 may create if the open throat 112 were not defined in the paddle 100. In the examples described herein, the paddle 100 may or may not include the open throat 112 defined in the throat portion 104. In examples where the paddle 100 includes an open throat 112, an interior edge guard 114 may be added to the inside portions of the paddle formed by the open throat 112 to enclose any interior layers of the paddle 100 and to create a finished edge to the open throat 112 of the paddle 100.

[0046] The paddle 100 may further include an edge guard 110. Even though the paddle 100 is depicted with the edge guard 110, the paddle 100 may or may not include the edge guard 110. In examples where the paddle 100 includes the edge guard 110, the edge guard 110 may include any protective strip applied to the outer edge of the paddle 100. In one example, the edge guard 110 may be coupled to the outer edge of the paddle 100 using adhesives, an engineering fit, welding, other coupling devices or means, and combinations thereof. In one example, the edge guard 110 may include a plastic that shields the edges of the paddle 100 from damage if and when a user causes the paddle 100 to come into contact with the court or other surface. In one example, the edge guard 110 may be made of metals, metal alloys, plastics, elastomers, thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), natural fibers, natural materials, other materials, and combinations thereof.

[0047] The paddle 100 may further include a first face 108-1 and a second face 108-2 positioned at least at the head portion 102 and may extend into the throat portion 104, the handle portion 106, and combinations thereof. The first face 108-1 and the second face 108-2 may be the portion of the paddle 100 that the user may utilized to strike the ball (e.g., a pickleball). Further, the first face 108-1 and the second face 108-2 may include an outer-most layer of the paddle 100, and the internal elements of the paddle 100 may include additional layers of material between the first face 108-1 and the second face 108-2 including a core and/or other layers between the first face 108-1 and the second face 108-2 and the core.

[0048] Having described the paddle 100, the interior portion of the paddle 100 will now be described in connection with FIGS. 7 through 15. Beginning first with FIGS. 7 and 8, FIG. 7 illustrates a plan, front view of a core assembly 700 of a paddle 100, according to an example of the principles described herein. FIG. 8 illustrates a plan, side view of a core assembly 700 of a paddle 100, according to an example of the principles described herein. The core assembly 700 may include the first face 108-1, the second face 108-2, the core, and any intermediary layers included between the first face 108-1 and the second face 108-2, and the core. Further, in one example, the core may include a plurality of cores with one or more layers of material located between the plurality of cores as will be described in more detail below.

[0049] Thus, the core assembly 700 may include a first set of outer layers 802-1 and a second set of outer layers 802-2. The first set of outer layers 802-1 and second set of outer layers 802-2 may include the first face 108-1, the second face 108-2, and any additional layers as described herein. The additional layers may include, for example, noise-dampening layers, vibration-dampening layers, fabric layers, woven fabric layers, non-woven fabric layers, fiberglass layers, carbon fiber layers, rheological layers, elastoviscous layers, other types of layers, and combinations thereof.

[0050] The core assembly 700 may further include a core 804. The core 804 may include any material that fills the space between the first set of outer layers 802-1 and the second set of outer layers 802-2 to support the first set of outer layers 802-1 and second set of outer layers 802-2. Further, the core 804 may provide a means by which a coefficient of restitution (CoR) of the paddle 100 may be tuned in concert with the first set of outer layers 802-1 and second set of outer layers 802-2 to obtain an acceptable CoR that is within any guidelines defined by a governing body and/or does not give an unfair advantage to the user. As used in the present specification and in the appended claims, the terms coefficient of restitution, CoR, or similar language is meant to be understood broadly as a measure of an elasticity of a collision between two bodies, and may be further defined as a ratio of the relative velocity of separation after a two-body collision to the relative velocity of approach before the collision.

[0051] The core 804 may include any number of materials and combinations of materials. In one example, the core 804 may include a honeycomb structure. In one example, the honeycomb structure may be made of any material such as, for example, a thermoplastic, polypropylene (PP), polycarbonate (PC), aluminum, Nomex produced and distributed by DuPont de Nemours, Inc., or other materials. In one example, the honeycomb structure may be made by extrusion that is processed via a block of extruded profiles or extruded tubes having a variety of cell diameters, thicknesses and densities from which honeycomb sheets may be sliced.

[0052] In one example, the core 804 may include a foam or combinations of foams. In one example, the foam(s) may include an open-cell or closed-cell foam made of a rubber and/or a plastic. More specifically, the foam may include an elastomeric foam including a synthetic rubber such as, for example, nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR), ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM), or chloroprene rubber (CR), and combinations thereof, combined with a plastic such as, for example, polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The elastomeric foam may include a polyvinyl Chloride (PVC), a polyurethane (PU), a thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), an expanded polypropylene (EPP), an expanded polyethylene (EPE), an ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), and combinations thereof. Further, in one example, the foam may include a chemical foaming agent such as, for example, azodicarbonamide (ADC) to generate gas bubbles during a manufacturing process to create the mechanical structure of the foam. This composition gives the foam flexibility and resilient properties. Specific compositions may be varied depending on desired applications and performance characteristics. Further, the foam may be an ultra-low-density foam, a low-density foam, a high-density foam, and combinations thereof. In one example, the foam may include Bonbon foam (model number B13-B9111) developed and distributed by Tri-Great International, Ltd. The polymer chains in the foam (e.g., an elastomeric foam) of the foam may form polymer chains that are cross-linked through a vulcanization process imparting elastic properties of the elastomeric foam.

[0053] In the example of FIG. 8, the core 804 may include a plurality of cores that are divided by one or more internal layers 806. Examples of the internal layers will be described in more detail below. However, the internal layers 806 may include, for example, may include, for example, noise-dampening layers, vibration-dampening layers, fabric layers, woven fabric layers, non-woven fabric layers, fiberglass layers, carbon fiber layers, rheological layers, elastoviscous layers, other types of layers, and combinations thereof.

[0054] The first set of outer layers 802-1, the second set of outer layers 802-2, and the internal layers 806 may include any type of vibration dampening layers. As used in the present specification and in the appended claims, the term vibration dampening layer is meant to be understood broadly as any material included within a system that dampens oscillations that occur about an equilibrium point.

[0055] In one example, the vibration dampening layers may be used to dampen mechanical vibration that occur when a user strikes a pickleball with the paddle. The vibration dampening layers may, in this example, may act to isolate the vibrations from such a strike by preventing the transmission of vibration from the vibration dampening layers to other layers or elements of the paddle. By dampening the mechanical vibrations in these instances, the user may experience a relatively softer and less jarring response in the paddle during play. This may result in a reduction in fatigue in the user's hands and arms and a better ability to control the direction of travel of the pickleball once struck, among other advantages.

[0056] In one example, the vibration dampening layers may be used to dampen acoustic vibrations that may also occur when a user strikes a pickleball with the paddle. The vibration dampening layers may, in this example, may act to isolate pressure waves from such a strike by preventing the transmission of the pressure waves from the vibration dampening layers to other layers or elements of the paddle. By dampening the acoustic vibrations in these instances, the user may experience a relatively quieter sound in response in the paddle during play and less of a popping noise. This may result in a reduction in both physical and mental fatigue of the user and a better ability to focus on ball striking and placement throughout game play, among other advantages. In one example, the vibration dampening layers may be configured and used to dampen both mechanical and acoustical vibrations within the paddle.

[0057] The vibration dampening layers described herein may include, for example, noise-dampening layers, vibration-dampening layers, fabric layers, woven fabric layers, non-woven fabric layers, fiberglass layers, carbon fiber layers, rheological layers, elastoviscous layers, other types of layers, and combinations thereof. Further, the vibration dampening layers may be made of a constant viscosity elastic fluid, an adhesive, a pressure sensitive adhesive, a non-Newtonian fluid, a rheopectic fluid, and combinations thereof. More details regarding the types of vibration dampening layers and materials of the vibration dampening layers are described herein.

[0058] FIG. 9 illustrates an isometric view of a core 902 of a paddle 100, according to an example of the principles described herein. The core 902 depicted in FIG. 9 may include a foam as described herein. The foam of the core 902 may have any characteristics or qualities as described herein and combinations thereof. Further, the core 902 depicted in FIG. 9 may be included in any example of the core assemblies described herein including, for example, the example core assemblies described in connection with FIGS. 11 through 15.

[0059] FIG. 10 illustrates an isometric view of a core 1002 of a paddle 100, according to an example of the principles described herein. The core 1002 depicted in FIG. 10 may include a honeycomb structure as described herein. The honeycomb structure of the core 1002 may have any characteristics or qualities as described herein and combinations thereof. Further, the core 1002 depicted in FIG. 10 may be included in any example of the core assemblies described herein including, for example, the example core assemblies described in connection with FIGS. 11 through 15.

[0060] Even though the cores of the paddles described herein are described as including a foam or a honeycomb structure, any type of core may be utilized. In one example, the core may not be present in which the first set of outer layers 802-1 and the second set of outer layers 802-2 provide the CoR characteristics for the paddle 100. In one example, the core may include other materials not described herein such as, for example, aerogels, plastics, rubbers, woods, metals, metal alloys, other materials, and combinations thereof.

[0061] Further, the core may have any shape or structure that may be used to support the first set of outer layers 802-1, the second set of outer layers 802-2, and/or the internal layers 806. The shapes and structures of the core may include a number of struts, supports, or other architectures that serve to support the first set of outer layers 802-1, the second set of outer layers 802-2, and/or the internal layers 806. In one example, the core may include discrete regions throughout the core where different materials may be located. The plurality of different materials may include elastomeric foams, honeycomb cores, thermoplastic cores, metallic honeycombs, composites, aerogels, plastics, rubbers, woods, metals, metal alloys, voids defined in the core along the x-axis, the y-axis, the z-axis, and/or along the x,y plane with reference to the axis triad depicted throughout the drawings presented herein, and combinations thereof. In one example, the core may be manufactured using any manufacturing processes including additive manufacturing (e.g., three-dimensional (3D) printing), molding, thermoforming, subtractive manufacturing methods, and combinations thereof.

[0062] FIG. 11 illustrates an exploded, isometric view of a core assembly 1100 of a paddle, according to an example of the principles described herein. The core assembly 1100 of a paddle depicted in FIG. 11 may include a core 1102. In one example, and in the examples of FIGS. 11 through 15, the core 1102 may include a honeycomb structure. In one example, the honeycomb structure may be made of any material such as, for example, a thermoplastic, polypropylene (PP), polycarbonate (PC), aluminum, Nomex produced and distributed by DuPont de Nemours, Inc., or other materials. In one example, the honeycomb structure may be made by extrusion that is processed via a block of extruded profiles or extruded tubes having a variety of cell diameters, thicknesses and densities from which honeycomb sheets may be sliced.

[0063] In one example, the core 1102 and any of the cores described in the examples of FIGS. 11 through 15, may be made of a foam or a combination of foams. In one example, the foam(s) of the cores of FIGS. 11 through 15 may include an open-cell or closed-cell foam. Further, the core may be made of a foam including a rubber and/or a plastic. More specifically, the foam may include an elastomeric foam including a synthetic rubber such as, for example, nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR), ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM), or chloroprene rubber (CR), and combinations thereof, combined with a plastic such as, for example, polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The elastomeric foam may include a polyvinyl Chloride (PVC), a polyurethane (PU), a thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), an expanded polypropylene (EPP), an expanded polyethylene (EPE), an ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), and combinations thereof. Further, in one example, the foam of the cores of FIGS. 11 through 15 may include a chemical foaming agent such as, for example, azodicarbonamide (ADC) to generate gas bubbles during a manufacturing process to create the mechanical structure of the foam. This composition gives the foam flexibility and resilient properties. Specific compositions may be varied depending on desired applications and performance characteristics. Further, the foam of the cores of FIGS. 11 through 15 may be an ultra-low-density foam, a low-density foam, a high-density foam, and combinations thereof. In one example, the foam may include Bonbon foam (model number B13-B9111) developed and distributed by Tri-Great International, Ltd. The polymer chains in the foam (e.g., an elastomeric foam) may form polymer chains that are cross-linked through a vulcanization process imparting elastic properties of the elastomeric foam.

[0064] The core assembly 1100 of a paddle of FIG. 11 may include vibration-dampening layers such as a first fabric layer 1104-1 and a second fabric layer 1104-2 (collectively referred to herein as fabric layer(s) 1104 unless specifically addressed otherwise). The fabric layers 1104 may be coupled to the core 1102. In one example, the first fabric layer 1104-1 may be coupled to a first side of the core 1102 and the second fabric layer 1104-2 may be coupled to a second, opposite side of the core 1102.

[0065] The fabric layers 1104 described herein may be made of a woven or non-woven fabric and may impart a desired level of vibration dampening (mechanical and/or acoustic vibrations) to the core assembly 1100 of a paddle. As used in the present specification and in the appended claims, the term woven fabric is meant to be understood broadly as any fabric constructed by weaving a fabric material at angles (e.g., a 90 angle) with vertical fibers called warp threads and weft threads weaved through the warp threads along the horizontal width of the textile. As used in the present specification and in the appended claims, the term non-woven fabric is meant to be understood broadly as any fabric created through a process of bonding fibers together such as, for example, by chemical adhesion, mechanical or heat treatment, other forms of fiber bonding, and combinations thereof. The fabric may be made from linens, silks, wools, cottons, chiffons, leathers, polyesters, satins, canvases, crepe fabrics, velvets, laces, Rayon, Spandex, bamboo, cashmere, denim, hemp, muslin, other fabric materials, and combinations thereof.

[0066] The fabric layers 1104 described herein may impeded or mitigate propagation of vibrations through the absorption of the energy of mechanical and/or acoustical waves produced as the core assembly 1100 of a paddle strikes a pickleball. In one example, the fabric layers 1104 described herein may impart acoustic impedance and/or specific acoustic impedance characteristics. In one example, the fabric layers 1104 may employ aspects of acoustic impedance including, for example, acoustic resistance, acoustic reactance, inductive acoustic reactance, capacitive acoustic reactance, acoustic admittance, acoustic conductance, and/or acoustic susceptance. Further, in one example, the fabric layers 1104 may employ aspects of specific acoustic impedance including, for example, specific acoustic resistance, specific acoustic reactance, specific inductive acoustic reactance, specific capacitive acoustic reactance, specific acoustic admittance, specific acoustic conductance, and/or specific acoustic susceptance.

[0067] Acoustic impedance and/or specific acoustic impedance may be defined as measures of the opposition that a paddle presents to the acoustic flow resulting from an acoustic pressure applied to the paddle. As to acoustic impedance, for a linear time-invariant system, the relationship between the acoustic pressure applied to the system (e.g., the paddle) and the resulting acoustic volume flow rate through a surface perpendicular to the direction of that pressure at its point of application may be defined as:

[00001]$\begin{array}{cc}p\left(t\right)=\left[R*Q\right]\left(t\right)& \mathrm{Eq}.1\end{array}$

[00002]$\begin{array}{cc}Q\left(t\right)=\left[G*p\right]\left(t\right)& \mathrm{Eq}.2\end{array}$

where p is the acoustic pressure; Q is the acoustic volume flow rate; is a convolution operator, R is the acoustic resistance in the time domain; and G=R.sup.1 is the acoustic conductance in the time domain (R.sup.1 being the convolution inverse of R).

[0068] Acoustic impedance, denoted as Z, is the Laplace transform, or the Fourier transform, or the analytic representation of time domain acoustic resistance:

[00003]$\begin{array}{cc}Z\left(s\right)\stackrel{\mathrm{def}}{=}\left[R\right]\left(s\right)=\frac{\left[p\right]\left(s\right)}{\left[Q\right]\left(s\right)};& \mathrm{Eq}.3\end{array}$$\begin{array}{cc}Z\left(w\right)\stackrel{\mathrm{def}}{=}\left[R\right]\left(w\right)=\frac{\left[p\right]\left(\right)}{\left[Q\right]\left(\right)};& \mathrm{Eq}.4\end{array}$$\mathrm{and}$$\begin{array}{cc}Z\left(t\right)\stackrel{\mathrm{def}}{=}{R}_a\left(t\right)=\frac{1}{2}\left[p_a*{\left(Q^{-1}\right)}_a\right]\left(t\right).& \mathrm{Eq}.5\end{array}$

where L is the Laplace transform operator; is the Fourier transform operator, subscript a is the analytic representation operator; and .sup.1 is the convolution inverse of .

[0069] Acoustic resistance, denoted R, and acoustic reactance, denoted X, are the real part and imaginary part, respectively, of acoustic impedance respectively:

[00004]$\begin{array}{cc}Z\left(s\right)=R\left(s\right)+\mathrm{iX}\left(s\right);& \mathrm{Eq}.6\end{array}$$\begin{array}{cc}Z\left(\right)=R\left(\right)+\mathrm{iX}\left(\right);& \mathrm{Eq}.7\end{array}$$\mathrm{and}$$\begin{array}{cc}Z\left(t\right)=R\left(t\right)+\mathrm{iX}\left(t\right).& \mathrm{Eq}.8\end{array}$

where i is the imaginary unit; in Z(s), R(s) is not the Laplace transform of the time domain acoustic resistance R(t), Z(s) is; in Z(), R() is not the Fourier transform of the time domain acoustic resistance R(t), Z() is; and in Z(t), R(t) is the time domain acoustic resistance and X(t) is the Hilbert transform of the time domain acoustic resistance R(t), according to the definition of the analytic representation.

[0070] Inductive acoustic reactance, denoted by X.sub.L, and capacitive acoustic reactance, denoted by X.sub.C, are the positive part and negative part of acoustic reactance, respectively:

[00005]$\begin{array}{cc}X\left(s\right)=X_L\left(s\right)-X_c\left(s\right);& \mathrm{Eq}.9\end{array}$$\begin{array}{cc}X\left(\right)=X_L\left(\right)-X_c\left(\right);& \mathrm{Eq}.100\end{array}$$\mathrm{and}$$\begin{array}{cc}X\left(t\right)=X_L\left(t\right)-X_c\left(t\right);& \mathrm{Eq}.11\end{array}$

[0071] Acoustic admittance, denoted by Y, is the Laplace transform, or the Fourier transform, or the analytic representation of time domain acoustic conductance:

[00006]$\begin{array}{cc}Y\left(s\right)\stackrel{\mathrm{def}}{=}\left[G\right]\left(s\right)=\frac{1}{Z\left(s\right)}=\frac{\left[Q\right]\left(s\right)}{\left[p\right]\left(s\right)};& \mathrm{Eq}.12\end{array}$$\begin{array}{cc}Y\left(w\right)\stackrel{\mathrm{def}}{=}\left[G\right]\left(\right)=\frac{1}{Z\left(\right)}=\frac{\left[Q\right]\left(\right)}{\left[p\right]\left(\right)};& \mathrm{Eq}.13\end{array}$$\mathrm{and}$$\begin{array}{cc}Y\left(t\right)\stackrel{\mathrm{def}}{=}{G}_a\left(t\right)=Z^{-1}\left(t\right)=\frac{1}{2}\left[Q_a*{\left(p^{-1}\right)}_a\right]\left(t\right).& \mathrm{Eq}.14\end{array}$

where Z.sup.1 is the convolution inverse of Z; and p.sup.1 is the convolution inverse of p.

[0072] Acoustic conductance, denoted G, and acoustic susceptance, denoted B, are the real part and imaginary part of acoustic admittance respectively:

[00007]$\begin{array}{cc}Y\left(s\right)=G\left(s\right)+\mathrm{iB}\left(s\right);& \mathrm{Eq}.15\end{array}$$\begin{array}{cc}Y\left(\right)=G\left(\right)+\mathrm{iB}\left(\right);& \mathrm{Eq}.16\end{array}$$\mathrm{and}$$\begin{array}{cc}Y\left(t\right)=G\left(t\right)+\mathrm{iB}\left(t\right);& \mathrm{Eq}.17\end{array}$

where in Y(s), G(s) is not the Laplace transform of the time domain acoustic conductance G(t), Y(s) is; in Y(), G() is not the Fourier transform of the time domain acoustic conductance G(t), Y() is; in Y(t), G(t) is the time domain acoustic conductance and B(t) is the Hilbert transform of the time domain acoustic conductance G(t), according to the definition of the analytic representation.

[0073] Acoustic resistance represents the energy transfer of an acoustic wave. The pressure and motion are in phase, so work is done on the medium ahead of the wave. Acoustic reactance represents the pressure that is out of phase with the motion and causes no average energy transfer.

[0074] As to specific acoustic impedance, for a linear time-invariant system, the relationship between the acoustic pressure applied to the system and the resulting particle velocity in the direction of that pressure at its point of application is given by the following:

[00008]$\begin{array}{cc}p\left(t\right)=\left[r*v\right]\left(t\right)& \mathrm{Eq}.18\end{array}$$\begin{array}{cc}v\left(t\right)=\left[g*p\right]\left(t\right)& \mathrm{Eq}.19\end{array}$

where p is the acoustic pressure; v is the particle velocity; r is the specific acoustic resistance in the time domain; and g=r.sup.1 is the specific acoustic conductance in the time domain (r.sup.1 is the convolution inverse of r).

[0075] Specific acoustic impedance, denoted z is the Laplace transform, or the Fourier transform, or the analytic representation of time domain specific acoustic resistance:

[00009]$\begin{array}{cc}z\left(s\right)\stackrel{\mathrm{def}}{=}\left[r\right]\left(s\right)=\frac{\left[p\right]\left(s\right)}{\left[v\right]\left(s\right)};& \mathrm{Eq}.110\end{array}$$\begin{array}{cc}z\left(\right)\stackrel{\mathrm{def}}{=}\left[r\right]\left(\right)=\frac{\left[p\right]\left(\right)}{\left[v\right]\left(\right)};& \mathrm{Eq}.21\end{array}$$\mathrm{and}$$\begin{array}{cc}z\left(t\right)\stackrel{\mathrm{def}}{=}{r}_a\left(t\right)=\frac{1}{2}\left[p_a*{\left(v^{-1}\right)}_a\right]\left(t\right).& \mathrm{Eq}.22\end{array}$

where v.sup.1 is the convolution inverse of v.

[0076] Specific acoustic resistance, denoted as r, and specific acoustic reactance, denoted as x, are the real part and imaginary part of specific acoustic impedance, respectively:

[00010]$\begin{array}{cc}z\left(s\right)=r\left(s\right)+\mathrm{ix}\left(s\right);& \mathrm{Eq}.23\end{array}$$\begin{array}{cc}z\left(\right)=r\left(\right)+\mathrm{ix}\left(\right);& \mathrm{Eq}.24\end{array}$$\mathrm{and}$$\begin{array}{cc}z\left(t\right)=r\left(t\right)+\mathrm{ix}\left(t\right).& \mathrm{Eq}.25\end{array}$

where in z(s), r(s) is not the Laplace transform of the time domain specific acoustic resistance r(t), z(s) is; in z(), r() is not the Fourier transform of the time domain specific acoustic resistance r(t), z() is; and in z(t), r(t) is the time domain specific acoustic resistance and x(t) is the Hilbert transform of the time domain specific acoustic resistance r(t), according to the definition of the analytic representation.

[0077] Specific inductive acoustic reactance, denoted x.sub.L, and specific capacitive acoustic reactance, denoted x.sub.C, are the positive part and negative part of specific acoustic reactance respectively:

[00011]$\begin{array}{cc}x\left(s\right)=x_L\left(s\right)-x_c\left(s\right);& \mathrm{Eq}.26\end{array}$$\begin{array}{cc}x\left(\right)=x_L\left(\right)-x_c\left(\right);& \mathrm{Eq}.27\end{array}$$\mathrm{and}$$\begin{array}{cc}x\left(t\right)=x_L\left(t\right)-x_c\left(t\right).& \mathrm{Eq}.28\end{array}$

[0078] Specific acoustic admittance, denoted y, is the Laplace transform, or the Fourier transform, or the analytic representation of time domain specific acoustic conductance:

[00012]$\begin{array}{cc}y\left(s\right)\stackrel{\mathrm{def}}{=}\left[\mathrm{Gg}\right]\left(s\right)=\frac{1}{z\left(s\right)}=\frac{\left[v\right]\left(s\right)}{\left[p\right]\left(s\right)};& \mathrm{Eq}.29\end{array}$$\begin{array}{cc}y\left(\right)\stackrel{\mathrm{def}}{=}\left[g\right]\left(\right)=\frac{1}{Z\left(\right)}=\frac{\left[v\right]\left(\right)}{\left[p\right]\left(\right)};& \mathrm{Eq}.120\end{array}$$\mathrm{and}$$\begin{array}{cc}y\left(t\right)\stackrel{\mathrm{def}}{=}{g}_a\left(t\right)=z^{-1}\left(t\right)=\frac{1}{2}\left[v_a*{\left(p^{-1}\right)}_a\right]\left(t\right).& \mathrm{Eq}.31\end{array}$

where z.sup.1 is the convolution inverse of z; and p.sup.1 is the convolution inverse of p.

[0079] Specific acoustic conductance, denoted g, and specific acoustic susceptance, denoted b, are the real part and imaginary part of specific acoustic admittance respectively:

[00013]$\begin{array}{cc}y\left(s\right)=g\left(s\right)+\mathrm{ib}\left(s\right);& \mathrm{Eq}.32\end{array}$$\begin{array}{cc}y\left(\right)=g\left(\right)+\mathrm{ib}\left(\right);& \mathrm{Eq}.33\end{array}$$\mathrm{and}$$\begin{array}{cc}y\left(t\right)=g\left(t\right)+\mathrm{ib}\left(t\right).& \mathrm{Eq}.34\end{array}$

where in y(s), g(s) is not the Laplace transform of the time domain acoustic conductance g(t), y(s) is; in y(), g() is not the Fourier transform of the time domain acoustic conductance g(t), y() is; and in y(t), g(t) is the time domain acoustic conductance and b(t) is the Hilbert transform of the time domain acoustic conductance g(t), according to the definition of the analytic representation. Specific acoustic impedance z is an intensive property of a particular medium (e.g., the z of air or water can be specified). However, acoustic impedance z is an extensive property of a particular medium and geometry (e.g., the z of a particular duct filled with air can be specified).

[0080] Through the use of the above mathematical definitions and the fabric layers described herein, vibration dampening characteristics may be imparted to the core assembly 1100 of a paddle or the vibration dampening characteristics may be tuned to a desired degree.

[0081] In one example, the fabric layers 1104 may employ aspects of damped vibration and/or vibration isolation. When the energy of a vibrating system is gradually dissipated by friction and other resistances, the vibrations are said to be damped. The vibrations gradually reduce or change in frequency or intensity or cease and the system rests in its equilibrium position. In the core assembly 1100 of a paddle, the fabric layers 1104 may be included to dampen any vibrations caused by the striking of paddle with a pickleball using the materials of the core assembly 1100 and the fabric layers 1104 to gradually dissipate energy through resistances within and between the layers within the core assembly 1100. Further, vibration isolation is the prevention of transmission of vibration from one component of a system to others parts of the same system. Vibrations propagate via mechanical waves and certain mechanical linkages conduct vibrations more efficiently than others. Passive vibration isolation makes use of materials and mechanical linkages that absorb and damp these mechanical waves. In the core assembly 1100 of a paddle, the fabric layers 1104 may be included to isolate vibrations by preventing or reducing transfer of the vibrations between layers of the core assembly 1100 and isolate vibrations caused by the striking of paddle with a pickleball.

[0082] Vibrational motion could be understood in terms of conservation of energy. In an example of the core assembly 1100 of a paddle, the spring constant of the core 1102, the fabric layers 1104, and/or a first outer layer 1106-1 and a second outer layer 1106-2 has been extended by a value of x and therefore some potential energy (kx.sup.2) is stored in the core assembly 1100. Once released, the core assembly 1100 tends to return to its equilibrium state (which is the minimum potential energy state) and in the process accelerates the mass including the layers of the core assembly 1100 and a pickleball that strikes the core assembly 1100. At the point where the core assembly 1100 has reached its equilibrium state all the potential energy that was supplied by deforming the core assembly 1100 has been transformed into kinetic energy (mv.sup.2). The mass of the core assembly 1100 and the pickleball then begins to decelerate because it is now compressing the core assembly 1100 and in the process transferring the kinetic energy back to potential energy. Thus, oscillation of the core assembly 1100 amounts to the transferring back and forth of the kinetic energy into potential energy. The mass may continue to oscillate forever at the same magnitude, but because this is a real system, damping always dissipates the energy, eventually bringing the core assembly 1100 to rest at equilibrium. In this manner, the materials within the core assembly 1100 including the fabric layers 1104 assist in dampening and/or isolating the mechanical vibrations that are exhibited within a paddle when the core assembly 1100 of a paddle is struck by a pickleball.

[0083] The fabric layers 1104 may be adhered to the core 1102 using any process and/or materials. For example, the fabric layers 1104 may be adhered to the core 1102 via an adhesive. Further, the fabric layers 1104 may be adhered to the core 1102 using, for example, application of heat. In one example, the fabric layers 1104 may not be adhered to the core 1102, but may, instead, be held against the core 1102 and within the core assembly 1100 of a paddle via the use of pressure from other layers in the core assembly 1100 of a paddle or the inclusion of a mechanical device used to keep the layers of the core assembly 1100 of a paddle together such as the butt cap 116 and/or the edge guard 110.

[0084] The core assembly 1100 of a paddle may further include a first outer layer 1106-1 and a second outer layer 1106-2 (collectively referred to herein as outer layer(s) 1106 unless specifically addressed otherwise). The outer layers 1106 may be coupled to a respective one of the fabric layers 1104 on a side of the fabric layers 1104 opposite the core 1102. In one example, the first outer layer 1106-1 may be coupled to a first side of the first fabric layer 1104-1 that is opposite a second side of the first fabric layer 1104-1 that faces the core 1102. In one example, the second outer layer 1106-2 may be coupled to a first side of the second fabric layer 1104-2 that is opposite a second side of the second fabric layer 1104-2 that faces the core 1102.

[0085] The outer layers 1106 may be made of any material that may be suitable for pickleball play. For example, the outer layers 1106 may include fiberglass, carbon fiber, thermoplastics, plastics, other material, and combinations thereof. Further, the outer layers 1106 may be adhered to the fabric layers 1104 using any process and/or materials. For example, the outer layers 1106 may be adhered to the fabric layers 1104 via an adhesive. Further, the outer layers 1106 may be adhered to the fabric layers 1104 using, for example, application of heat. In one example, the outer layers 1106 may not be adhered to the fabric layers 1104, but may, instead, be held against fabric layers 1104 and within the core assembly 1100 of a paddle via the use of pressure from other layers in the paddle 1102 or the inclusion of a mechanical device used to keep the layers of the core assembly 1100 of a paddle together such as the butt cap 116 and/or the edge guard 110.

[0086] FIG. 12 illustrates an exploded, isometric view of a core assembly 1200 of a paddle, according to an example of the principles described herein. In contrast to the core assembly 1100 of a paddle of FIG. 11, the core assembly 1200 of a paddle of FIG. 12 may include additional layers of material to increase the noise dampening and/or vibration dampening characteristics of the core assembly 1200 of a paddle or tune the noise dampening and/or vibration dampening characteristics to a desired degree. The core assembly 1200 of a paddle of FIG. 12 may include a core 1202 as described herein. A first intermediate layer 1204-1 may be coupled to a first side of the core 1202. The first intermediate layer 1204-1 may include a fiberglass, carbon fiber, thermoplastics, plastics, other material, and combinations thereof as described herein. Further, a second intermediate layer 1204-2 may be coupled to a second side of the core 1202 opposite the first side. The second intermediate layer 1204-2 may include a fiberglass, carbon fiber, thermoplastics, plastics, other material, and combinations thereof as described herein. The first intermediate layer 1204-1 and the second intermediate layer 1204-2 may be collectively referred to herein as intermediate layer(s) 1204 unless specifically addressed otherwise.

[0087] A third intermediate layer 1206-1 may be coupled to the first intermediate layer 1204-1 opposite the side of the first intermediate layer 1204-1 that is coupled to the core 1202. Further, a fourth intermediate layer 1206-2 may be coupled to the second intermediate layer 1204-2 opposite the side of the second intermediate layer 1204-2 that is coupled to the core 1202. In one example, the third intermediate layer 1206-1 and the fourth intermediate layer 1206-2 may be made of a vibration-dampening material such as, for example, a woven or non-woven fabric and may impart a desired level of mechanical and/or acoustic vibration dampening to the core assembly 1200 of a paddle as described herein. The third intermediate layer 1206-1 and the fourth intermediate layer 1206-2 may be collectively referred to herein as intermediate layer(s) 1206 unless specifically addressed otherwise.

[0088] The core assembly 1200 of a paddle may further include a first outer layer 1208-1 coupled to the third intermediate layer 1206-1 opposite the side of the third intermediate layer 1206-1 that is coupled to the first intermediate layer 1204-1. Further, the core assembly 1200 of a paddle may include a second outer layer 1208-2 coupled to the fourth intermediate layer 1206-2 opposite the side of the fourth intermediate layer 1206-2 that is coupled to the second intermediate layer 1204-2. The first outer layer 1208-1 and the second outer layer 1208-2 may be made of any material that may be suitable for pickleball play. For example, the first outer layer 1208-1 and the second outer layer 1208-2 may include fiberglass, carbon fiber, thermoplastics, plastics, other material, and combinations thereof. Further, the first outer layer 1208-1 and the second outer layer 1208-2 may be adhered to the third intermediate layer 1206-1 and the fourth intermediate layer 1206-2, respectively, using any process and/or materials. For example, the first outer layer 1208-1 and the second outer layer 1208-2 may be adhered to the third intermediate layer 1206-1 and the fourth intermediate layer 1206-2 via an adhesive. Further, the first outer layer 1208-1 and the second outer layer 1208-2 may be adhered to the third intermediate layer 1206-1 and the fourth intermediate layer 1206-2 using, for example, application of heat. In one example, the first outer layer 1208-1 and the second outer layer 1208-2 may not be adhered to the third intermediate layer 1206-1 and the fourth intermediate layer 1206-2, but may, instead, be held against third intermediate layer 1206-1 and the fourth intermediate layer 1206-2 and within the core assembly 1200 of a paddle via the use of pressure from other layers in the core assembly 1200 of a paddle or the inclusion of a mechanical device used to keep the layers of the core assembly 1200 of a paddle together such as the butt cap 116 and/or the edge guard 110. The first outer layer 1208-1 and the second outer layer 1208-2 may be collectively referred to herein as outer layer(s) 1204 unless specifically addressed otherwise.

[0089] As described above, the core assembly 1200 of a paddle of FIG. 12 may differ from the core assembly 1100 of a paddle of FIG. 10 by the inclusion of two additional layers including the first intermediate layer 1204-1 and the second intermediate layer 1204-2. Thus, while the core assembly 1100 of a paddle of FIG. 11 includes a core 1102, fabric layers 1104 surrounding the core 1102, and outer layers 1106 for the outside of the core assembly 1100 of a paddle, the core assembly 1200 of a paddle of FIG. 12 includes a core 1202 with two additional intermediate layers (e.g., first intermediate layer 1204-1, the second intermediate layer 1204-2, the third intermediate layer 1206-1, and the fourth intermediate layer 1206-2) on each of the two sides of the core assembly 1200 of a paddle with the first outer layer 1208-1 and the a second outer layer 1208-2 located on the outer surfaces of the core assembly 1200. Thus, although paddles described herein include specific numbers of intermediate layers between a core and outer layers, any number of intermediate layers may be included within the paddles to achieve the desired mechanical and/or acoustic dampening characteristics of the paddle.

[0090] The example core assemblies 1100, 1200 of FIGS. 11 and 12 include fabric layers used to achieve the desired noise dampening and/or vibration dampening characteristics of the core assemblies 1100, 1200. FIG. 13 illustrates an exploded, isometric view of a core assembly 1300 of a paddle, according to an example of the principles described herein. The core assembly 1300 of a paddle of FIG. 13, in contrast to the core assemblies 1100, 1200 of FIGS. 11 and 12, utilizes a layer of elastoviscous material that is utilized to achieve the desired mechanical and/or acoustic dampening characteristics of the paddle. As used in the present specification and in the appended claims, the term elastoviscous, viscoelastic, rheological or similar terminology is meant to be understood broadly as exhibiting both elastic and viscous characteristics when deformed, is capable of at least partially recovering an initial shape after a stress or force is removed, experiences energy dissipation as heat, and combinations thereof. Thus, a material that is elastoviscous, viscoelastic, or rheological is any material that exhibits any of these characteristics and combinations thereof.

[0091] The core assembly 1300 of a paddle of FIG. 13 may include a first core 1304-1 and a second core 1304-2. The dual core architecture of the core assembly 1300 may allow for an elastoviscous material layer 1302 to be inserted between the first core 1304-1 and the second core 1304-2. In one example, a thickness of the first core 1304-1 and a second core 1304-2 together may be approximately equal to the thickness of, for example, one of the cores 1102, 1202 of the FIGS. 11 and 12. The elastoviscous material layer 1302 may be coupled to the first core 1304-1 and the second core 1304-2 using any coupling means or method such as, for example adhesives or through mechanical coupling. In one example, the elastoviscous material layer 1302 may be coupled to the first core 1304-1 and the second core 1304-2 via the material aspects of the elastoviscous material layer 1302 itself such as its adhesive properties.

[0092] The elastoviscous material layer 1302 may include, for example, a constant viscosity elastic fluid, an adhesive, a pressure sensitive adhesive, a non-Newtonian fluid, a rheopectic fluid, and combinations thereof. The elastoviscous material may be defined as any material that exhibits both viscous and elastic characteristics when undergoing deformation where elasticity may be the result of bonds stretching along crystallographic planes in an ordered solid and viscosity is the result of the diffusion of atoms or molecules inside an amorphous material.

[0093] A pressure sensitive adhesive may include any type of nonreactive adhesive which forms a bond when pressure is applied to bond the adhesive with a surface. In this example, a bond may form because the adhesive is soft enough to flow, or wet, the adherend. The bond of the pressure sensitive adhesive may have strength because the adhesive is hard enough to resist flow when stress is applied to the bond and because molecular interactions such as van der Waals forces involved in the bond contribute to the ultimate bond strength.

[0094] A constant viscosity elastic fluid may include any elastic fluid with a constant viscosity such as, for example, a Boger fluid. A Boger fluid may exhibit flows like a liquid while behaving like an elastic solid when stretched out. Unlike elastic fluids that exhibit shear thinning where viscosity decreases as shear strain is applied because they are solutions containing polymers, Boger fluids are highly dilute solutions such that shear thinning caused by the polymers can be ignored.

[0095] As compared to the above-described pressure-sensitive adhesives, an adhesive may include any adhesive that hardens via processes such as evaporation of a solvent, reaction with ultraviolet (UV) radiation, chemical reaction, cooling, or other curing process.

[0096] A non-Newtonian fluid may include any fluid that does not follow Newton's law of viscosity and exhibits, instead, a variable viscosity dependent on stress applied to the fluid. In one example, the viscosity of non-Newtonian fluids may change when subjected to a force. The viscosity (e.g., the gradual deformation by shear or tensile stresses) of non-Newtonian fluids may be dependent on shear rate or shear rate history. In one example, the non-Newtonian fluid with shear-independent viscosity, however, may still exhibit normal stress-differences or other non-Newtonian behavior. In a non-Newtonian fluid, the relation between the shear stress and the shear rate is different where the fluid may even exhibit time-dependent viscosity. Therefore, a constant coefficient of viscosity cannot be defined for a non-Newtonian fluid.

[0097] A rheopectic fluid exhibits properties of some non-Newtonian fluids including a time-dependent increase in viscosity where the longer the fluid undergoes shearing force, the higher its viscosity. Rheopectic fluids, such as some lubricants, thicken or solidify when shaken.

[0098] In addition to the elastoviscous material layer 1302 inserted between the first core 1304-1 and the second core 1304-2, the core assembly 1300 of a paddle of FIG. 13 may include a first outer layer 1306-1 coupled to the first core 1304-1 opposite the side of the first core 1304-1 that is coupled to the elastoviscous material layer 1302. Further, the core assembly 1300 of a paddle may include a second outer layer 1306-2 coupled to the second core 1304-2 opposite the side of the second core 1304-2 that is coupled to the elastoviscous material layer 1302. The first outer layer 1306-1 and the second outer layer 1306-2 may be made of any material that may be suitable for pickleball play. For example, the first outer layer 1306-1 and the second outer layer 1306-2 may include fiberglass, carbon fiber, thermoplastics, plastics, other material, and combinations thereof. Further, the first outer layer 1306-1 and the second outer layer 1306-2 may be adhered to the first core 1304-1 and the second core 1304-2, respectively, using any process and/or materials. For example, the first outer layer 1306-1 and the second outer layer 1306-2 may be adhered to the first core 1304-1 and the second core 1304-2 via an adhesive. Further, the first outer layer 1306-1 and the second outer layer 1306-2 may be adhered to the first core 1304-1 and the second core 1304-2 using, for example, application of heat. In one example, the first outer layer 1306-1 and the second outer layer 1306-2 may not be adhered to the first core 1304-1 and the second core 1304-2, but may, instead, be held against first core 1304-1 and the second core 1304-2 and within the core assembly 1300 of a paddle via the use of pressure from other layers in the core assembly 1300 of a paddle or the inclusion of a mechanical device used to keep the layers of the core assembly 1300 of a paddle together such as the butt cap 116 and/or the edge guard 110.

[0099] FIG. 14 illustrates an exploded, isometric view of a core assembly 1400 of a paddle, according to an example of the principles described herein. The core assembly 1400 of a paddle of FIG. 14 may differ from the core assembly 1300 of a paddle of FIG. 13 in that the core assembly 1400 of a paddle of FIG. 14 may include one or more intermediate layers. The one or more intermediate layers may include vibration-dampening layers such as the fabric layers as described herein.

[0100] The core assembly 1400 of a paddle of FIG. 14 may include a first core 1404-1 and a second core 1404-2. The dual core architecture of the core assembly 1400 of a paddle may allow for an elastoviscous material layer 1402 to be inserted between the first core 1404-1 and the second core 1404-2. In one example, a thickness of the first core 1404-1 and a second core 1404-2 together may be approximately equal to the thickness of, for example, one of the cores 1102, 1202 of the FIGS. 11 and 12. The elastoviscous material layer 1402 may be coupled to the first core 1404-1 and the second core 1404-2 using any coupling means or method such as, for example adhesives or through mechanical coupling. In one example, the elastoviscous material layer 1402 may be coupled to the first core 1404-1 and the second core 1404-2 via the material aspects of the elastoviscous material layer 1402 itself such as its adhesive properties. The elastoviscous material layer 1402 may be made of any elastoviscous material as described herein.

[0101] The core assembly 1400 of a paddle of FIG. 14 may further include a first fabric layer 1406-1 and a second fabric layer 1406-2. The first fabric layer 1406-1 and the second fabric layer 1406-2 may be collectively referred to herein as fabric layer(s) 1406 unless specifically addressed otherwise. The first fabric layer 1406-1 may be coupled to the first core 1404-1 on a side of the first core 1404-1 opposite the side of the first core 1404-1 that is coupled to the elastoviscous material layer 1402. Similarly, the second fabric layer 1406-2 may be coupled to the second core 1404-2 on a side of the second core 1404-2 opposite the side of the second core 1404-2 that is coupled to the elastoviscous material layer 1402.

[0102] In one example, the fabric layers 1406 may be adhered to their respective cores 1404 using any process and/or materials. For example, the fabric layers 1404 may be adhered to the core 1402 via an adhesive. Further, the fabric layers 1406 may be adhered to their respective cores 1404 using, for example, application of heat. In one example, the fabric layers 1406 may be adhered to their respective cores 1404, but may, instead, be held against the cores 1404 and within the core assembly 1400 of a paddle via the use of pressure from other layers in the core assembly 1400 of a paddle or the inclusion of a mechanical device used to keep the layers of the core assembly 1400 of a paddle together such as the butt cap 116 and/or the edge guard 110.

[0103] The core assembly 1400 of a paddle may further include a first outer layer 1408-1 and a second outer layer 1408-2. The outer layers 1408 may be coupled to a respective one of the fabric layers 1406 on a side of the fabric layers 1406 opposite their respective cores 1404. In one example, the first outer layer 1408-1 may be coupled to a first side of the first fabric layer 1406-1 that is opposite a second side of the first fabric layer 1406-1 that faces the first core 1404-1. In one example, the second outer layer 1408-2 may be coupled to a first side of the second fabric layer 1406-2 that is opposite a second side of the second fabric layer 1406-2 that faces the second core 1404-2. The first outer layer 1408-1 and the second outer layer 1408-2 may be made of any material that may be suitable for pickleball play. For example, the first outer layer 1408-1 and the second outer layer 1408-2 may include fiberglass, carbon fiber, thermoplastics, plastics, other material, and combinations thereof. In one example, the first outer layer 1408-1 and the second outer layer 1408-2 may be adhered to their respective fabric layers 1406 using any process and/or materials. For example, the first outer layer 1408-1 and the second outer layer 1408-2 may be adhered to their respective fabric layers 1406 via an adhesive. Further, the first outer layer 1408-1 and the second outer layer 1408-2 may be adhered to their respective fabric layers 1406 using, for example, application of heat. In one example, the first outer layer 1408-1 and the second outer layer 1408-2 may not be adhered to their respective fabric layers 1406, but may, instead, be held against the fabric layers 1406 and within the core assembly 1400 of a paddle via the use of pressure from other layers in the core assembly 1400 of a paddle or the inclusion of a mechanical device used to keep the layers of the core assembly 1400 of a paddle together such as the butt cap 116 and/or the edge guard 110. The first outer layer 1408-1 and the second outer layer 1408-2 may be collectively referred to herein as outer layer(s) 1408 unless specifically addressed otherwise.

[0104] FIG. 15 illustrates an exploded, isometric view of a core assembly 1500 of a paddle, according to an example of the principles described herein. The core assembly 1500 may differ from the core assemblies of FIGS. 11 through 14 by the inclusion of a single core and three layers of materials on both sides of the core assembly 1500 of a paddle.

[0105] The core assembly 1500 of a paddle of FIG. 15 may include a core 1502 similar to the cores as described herein. A first intermediate layer 1504-1 may be coupled to a first side of the core 1502. Further, a second intermediate layer 1504-2 may be coupled to a second side of the core 1502 opposite the side of the core 1502 on which the first intermediate layer 1504-1 is coupled. The first intermediate layer 1504-1 and the second intermediate layer 1504-2 may include a fiberglass, carbon fiber, thermoplastics, plastics, other material, and combinations thereof as described herein.

[0106] A third intermediate layer 1506-1 may be coupled to the first intermediate layer 1504-1 opposite the side of the first intermediate layer 1504-1 that is coupled to the core 1502. Further, a fourth intermediate layer 1506-2 may be coupled to the second intermediate layer 1504-2 opposite the side of the second intermediate layer 1504-2 that is coupled to the core 1502. In one example, the third intermediate layer 1506-1 and the fourth intermediate layer 1506-2 may be made of a layer of elastoviscous material as described herein in connection with FIGS. 13 and 14 and may impart a desired level of mechanical and/or acoustic vibration dampening to the core assembly 1500 as described herein.

[0107] The core assembly 1500 of a paddle may further include a first outer layer 1508-1 coupled to the third intermediate layer 1506-1 opposite the side of the third intermediate layer 1506-1 that is coupled to the first intermediate layer 1504-1. Further, the core assembly 1500 of a paddle may include a second outer layer 1508-2 coupled to the fourth intermediate layer 1506-2 opposite the side of the fourth intermediate layer 1506-2 that is coupled to the second intermediate layer 1504-2. The first outer layer 1508-1 and the second outer layer 1508-2 may be made of any material that may be suitable for pickleball play. For example, the first outer layer 1508-1 and the second outer layer 1508-2 may include fiberglass, carbon fiber, thermoplastics, plastics, other material, and combinations thereof. Further, the first outer layer 1508-1 and the second outer layer 1508-2 may be adhered to the third intermediate layer 1506-1 and the fourth intermediate layer 1506-2, respectively, using any process and/or materials. For example, the first outer layer 1508-1 and the second outer layer 1508-2 may be adhered to the third intermediate layer 1506-1 and the fourth intermediate layer 1506-2 via an adhesive. Further, the first outer layer 1508-1 and the second outer layer 1508-2 may be adhered to the third intermediate layer 1506-1 and the fourth intermediate layer 1506-2 using, for example, application of heat. In one example, the first outer layer 1508-1 and the second outer layer 1508-2 may not be adhered to the third intermediate layer 1506-1 and the fourth intermediate layer 1506-2, but may, instead, be held against third intermediate layer 1506-1 and the fourth intermediate layer 1506-2 and within the core assembly 1500 of a paddle via the use of pressure from other layers in the core assembly 1500 of a paddle or the inclusion of a mechanical device used to keep the layers of the core assembly 1500 of a paddle together such as the butt cap 116 and/or the edge guard 110.

[0108] FIG. 16 illustrates an exploded, isometric view of portions of a core assembly 1600 of a paddle, according to an example of the principles described herein. The core assembly 1600 of a paddle of FIG. 16 may be similar to the core assemblies 1300, 1400 of FIGS. 13 and 14 in that the core assembly 1600 of FIG. 16 includes a dual core architecture. However, the core assembly 1600 of a paddle of FIG. 16 may be differ from the core assemblies 1300, 1400 of FIGS. 13 and 14 in that the core assembly 1600 of a paddle of FIG. 16 may include two or more intermediate layers. The two or more intermediate layers may include vibration-dampening layers such as the fabric layers as described herein.

[0109] The core assembly 1600 of a paddle of FIG. 16 may include a first core 1604-1 and a second core 1604-2. The dual core architecture of the core assembly 1600 of a paddle may allow for an elastoviscous material layer 1602 to be inserted between the first core 1604-1 and the second core 1604-2. In one example, a thickness of the first core 1604-1 and a second core 1604-2 together may be approximately equal to the thickness of, for example, one of the cores 1102, 1202, 1502 of the FIGS. 11, 12, and 15. The elastoviscous material layer 1602 may be coupled to the first core 1604-1 and the second core 1604-2 using any coupling means or method such as, for example adhesives or through mechanical coupling. In one example, the elastoviscous material layer 1602 may be coupled to the first core 1604-1 and the second core 1604-2 via the material aspects of the elastoviscous material layer 1602 itself such as its adhesive properties. The elastoviscous material layer 1602 may be made of any elastoviscous material as described herein.

[0110] The core assembly 1600 of a paddle of FIG. 16 may further include a first intermediate layer 1606-1 and a second intermediate layer 1606-2. The first intermediate layer 1606-1 may be coupled to the first core 1604-1 on a side of the first core 1604-1 opposite the side of the first core 1604-1 that is coupled to the elastoviscous material layer 1602. Similarly, the second intermediate layer 1606-2 may be coupled to the second core 1604-2 on a side of the second core 1604-2 opposite the side of the second core 1604-2 that is coupled to the elastoviscous material layer 1602. The first intermediate layer 1606-1 and the second intermediate layer 1606-2 may include a fiberglass, carbon fiber, thermoplastics, plastics, other material, and combinations thereof as described herein. The first intermediate layer 1606-1 and the second intermediate layer 1606-2 may be collectively referred to herein as intermediate layer(s) 1606 unless specifically addressed otherwise.

[0111] The core assembly 1600 of a paddle of FIG. 16 may further include a first fabric layer 1608-1 and a second fabric layer 1608-2. The first fabric layer 1608-1 and the second fabric layer 1608-2 may be collectively referred to herein as fabric layer(s) 1608 unless specifically addressed otherwise. The first fabric layer 1608-1 may be coupled to the first intermediate layer 1606-1 on a side of the first intermediate layer 1606-1 opposite the side of the first intermediate layer 1606-1 that is coupled to the first core 1604-1. Similarly, the second fabric layer 1608-2 may be coupled to the second intermediate layer 1606-2 on a side of the second intermediate layer 1606-2 opposite the side of the second intermediate layer 1606-2 that is coupled to the second core 1604-2.

[0112] In one example, the fabric layers 1608 may be adhered to their respective intermediate layers 1606 using any process and/or materials. For example, the fabric layers 1608 may be adhered to the intermediate layers 1606 via an adhesive. Further, the fabric layers 1608 may be adhered to their respective intermediate layers 1606 using, for example, application of heat. In one example, the fabric layers 1608 may be adhered to their respective intermediate layers 1606, but may, instead, be held against the intermediate layers 1606 and within the core assembly 1600 of a paddle via the use of pressure from other layers in the core assembly 1600 of a paddle or the inclusion of a mechanical device used to keep the layers of the core assembly 1600 of a paddle together such as the butt cap 116 and/or the edge guard 110.

[0113] The core assembly 1600 of a paddle may further include a first outer layer 1610-1 and a second outer layer 1610-2. The first outer layer 1610-1 and the second outer layer 1610-2 may be collectively referred to herein as outer layer(s) 1610 unless specifically addressed otherwise. The outer layers 1610 may be coupled to a respective one of the fabric layers 1608 on a side of the fabric layers 1608 opposite their respective intermediate layers 1604. In one example, the first outer layer 1610-1 may be coupled to a first side of the first fabric layer 1608-1 that is opposite a second side of the first fabric layer 1608-1 that faces the first intermediate layer 1606-1. In one example, the second outer layer 1610-2 may be coupled to a first side of the second fabric layer 1608-2 that is opposite a second side of the second fabric layer 1608-2 that faces the second intermediate layer 1606-2. The first outer layer 1610-1 and the second outer layer 1610-2 may be made of any material that may be suitable for pickleball play. For example, the first outer layer 1610-1 and the second outer layer 1610-2 may include fiberglass, carbon fiber, thermoplastics, plastics, other material, and combinations thereof. In one example, the first outer layer 1610-1 and the second outer layer 1610-2 may be adhered to their respective fabric layers 1608 using any process and/or materials. For example, the first outer layer 1610-1 and the second outer layer 1610-2 may be adhered to their respective fabric layers 1608 via an adhesive. Further, the first outer layer 1610-1 and the second outer layer 1610-2 may be adhered to their respective fabric layers 1608 using, for example, application of heat. In one example, the first outer layer 1610-1 and the second outer layer 1610-2 may not be adhered to their respective fabric layers 1608, but may, instead, be held against the fabric layers 1608 and within the core assembly 1600 of a paddle via the use of pressure from other layers in the core assembly 1600 of a paddle or the inclusion of a mechanical device used to keep the layers of the core assembly 1600 of a paddle together such as the butt cap 116 and/or the edge guard 110.

[0114] In one example, the core assembly 1600 of a paddle of FIG. 16 may further include an elastoviscous material layer in addition to or in place of the first fabric layer 1608-1 and the second fabric layer 1608-2. In this example, the elastoviscous material layer may include any elastoviscous material described herein. Further, in the examples described herein, any number of intermediate layers may be included between the cores and the outer layers including any number of fabric layers, any number of elastoviscous material layers, and combinations thereof.

[0115] The various layers described herein in connection with the paddles may have various thicknesses to achieve desired noise dampening and/or vibration dampening characteristics. For example, the fabric layers and/or the layers of elastoviscous material may be thicker or thinner relative to the other layers in the paddles or otherwise have varying thicknesses in order to achieve a desired noise dampening and/or vibration dampening characteristics.

[0116] While the invention is described with respect to the specific examples, it is to be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited to these specific examples. Since other modifications and changes varied to fit particular operating requirements and environments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, the invention is not considered limited to the example chosen for purposes of disclosure and covers all changes and modifications which do not constitute departures from the true spirit and scope of this invention.

[0117] Although the application describes embodiments having specific structural features and/or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the claims are not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described. Rather, the specific features and acts are merely illustrative some embodiments that fall within the scope of the claims of the application.

CONCLUSION

[0118] The examples described herein provide paddles that include fabric layers and/or layers of elastoviscous material that assist in the reduction or elimination of noise and/or vibration in the paddles. In particular, the fabric layers and/or layers of elastoviscous material may assist in the reduction or elimination of noise such as a sharp popping sound produced when a user strikes a pickleball with the paddle. In general, the fabric layers and/or layers of elastoviscous material may be employed to achieve desired noise dampening and/or vibration dampening characteristics in the paddles.

[0119] While the present systems and methods are described with respect to the specific examples, it is to be understood that the scope of the present systems and methods are not limited to these specific examples. Since other modifications and changes varied to fit particular operating requirements and environments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, the present systems and methods are not considered limited to the example chosen for purposes of disclosure, and covers all changes and modifications which do not constitute departures from the true spirit and scope of the present systems and methods.

[0120] Although the application describes examples having specific structural features and/or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the claims are not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described. Rather, the specific features and acts are merely illustrative of some examples that fall within the scope of the claims of the application.