Solvent assisted cavitation for waste water treatment

Abstract

The present invention discloses a solvent assisted cavitation process for the removal of pollutants from waste water comprising treating waste water in a batch or continuous process in a cavitation device fed with 1-10% of an immiscible solvent resulting in a reduction in concentration of ammoniacal nitrogen and/or COD in the waste water.

Claims

1. A solvent assisted cavitation process for the treatment of one or more effluents comprising: a) adding the one or more effluents and solvent into a storage tank to obtain a two phase solution, including a solvent phase and a one or more effluents phase; b) pumping the solution as obtained in step (a) into a cavitation device by using pressure drop in cavitation below 2 bar; c) allowing the one or more effluents to be treated using the cavitation device for a period ranging between 5 to 180 minutes to obtain the one or more effluents with reduced levels of COD and ammoniacal nitrogen; and d) separating the solvent phase from the one or more effluents phase to obtain treated water.

2. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the solvent used in step (a) is selected from the group consisting of alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, toluene or ketones alone or in combinations thereof.

3. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the solvent used in step (a) is an alcohol selected from n-octanol and cyclohexanol alone or in combination thereof.

4. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the concentration of the solvent used in step (a) is in the range of 1 to 10% volume per volume of the one or more effluents.

5. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein said cavitation device in step (b) used for treating the one or more effluents is selected from the group consisting of valves, orifice, venturi, or vortex diode.

6. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein said cavitation process is selected from acoustic cavitation, laser cavitation, hydrodynamic, or particle cavitation.

7. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein said process is carried out in batch or continuous mode or in combination with treatment of the one or more effluents selected from adsorption, coagulation, or oxidation.

8. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the COD removal is in the range of 4-12% and the removal of ammoniacal nitrogen is up to 100%.

9. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the solvent used in step (a) is immiscible solvent with the one or more effluents.

10. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein: said process is carried out in batch or continuous mode; the concentration of the solvent used in step (a) is in the range of 1 to 10% volume per volume of the one or more effluents; and the solvent used in step (a) is immiscible solvent with the one or more effluents.

11. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein: said cavitation process is hydrodynamic cavitation; said cavitation device in step (b) used for treating the one or more effluents includes an orifice; and the solvent used in step (a) is an alcohol that is n-octanol.

12. The process as claimed in claim 11, wherein the solvent used in step (a) is the alcohol that is the n-octanol at 2%.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 represents flow chart for enhanced or altered removal of COD/ammoniacal nitrogen from wastewater by use of solvent and using cavitation.

(2) FIG. 2 represents schematic of experimental set-up for solvent assisted hydrodynamic cavitation using different cavitation devices.

(3) FIG. 3 represents enhancement in the removal of ammoniacal nitrogen using 2% n-octanol over conventional hydrodynamic cavitation (vortex diode; p=0.5 kg/cm.sup.2).

(4) FIG. 4 represents enhancement in the removal of ammoniacal nitrogen using 5% n-octanol over conventional hydrodynamic cavitation (vortex diode; p=0.5 kg/cm.sup.2).

(5) FIG. 5 represents enhancement in the removal of ammoniacal nitrogen using 2% cyclohexanol over conventional hydrodynamic cavitation (vortex diode; p=0.5 kg/cm.sup.2).

(6) FIG. 6 represents altered reduction in ammoniacal nitrogen using 2% toluene over conventional hydrodynamic cavitation (vortex diode; p=0.5 kg/cm.sup.2)

(7) FIG. 7 represents comparison of enhancement in the removal of ammoniacal nitrogen for different solvents over conventional hydrodynamic cavitation (vortex diode; p=0.5 kg/cm.sup.2).

(8) FIG. 8 represents enhancement in the removal of ammoniacal nitrogen by changing reactor geometry using 2% n-octanol over conventional hydrodynamic cavitation (Orifice; p=2.0 kg/cm.sup.2).

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(9) The invention will now be described in detail in connection with certain preferred and optional embodiments, so that various aspects thereof may be more fully understood and appreciated.

Definitions Used

(10) Waste water is defined as industrial waste water as per the standard pollution norms for organic pollutants and ammoniacal nitrogen as defined by the regulations of individual countries or wastewater containing COD above 250 ppm and/or ammoniacal nitrogen>30 ppm,

(11) The terms waste water and effluents are used synonymously and inter changeably in this document.

(12) The terms ammoniacal nitrogen and COD are used synonymously with pollutants/organic pollutants in this document.

(13) Accordingly, the present invention provides a solvent assisted cavitation process for the removal of pollutants from waste water comprising treating waste water in a batch or continuous process in a cavitation device fed with 1-10% of an immiscible solvent resulting in a reduction in concentration of ammoniacal nitrogen and/or COD in the waste water.

(14) The present invention provides a cavitation device is selected from, but not limited to valves, orifice, venturi, vortex diode, and cavitation process selected from hydrodynamic cavitation, acoustic cavitation, laser cavitation, particle cavitation.

(15) In an embodiment, the present invention provides a solvent assisted cavitation process for the removal of pollutants from waste water comprising treating waste water in a batch or continuous process in a cavitation device fed with 1-10% of an immiscible solvent resulting in a reduction in concentration of ammoniacal nitrogen and/or COD in the waste water.

(16) In preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a process for the treatment of waste water comprising: (a) forming two phases by the addition of waste water and solvent in a tank and pumping into a cavitation device by using pressure drop preferably below 2 bar in cavitation and essentially close to ambient temperature preferably up to 40 C.; (b) allowing the waste water to be treated using the cavitation device for a short time preferably from 5 to 180 minutes to obtain the waste water with reduced levels of COD and ammoniacal nitrogen and (c) separating the solvent phase (organic phase) from the water phase to afford treated water with COD and ammoniacal nitrogen removal.

(17) The solvent phase of step (d) can be reused.

(18) The solvent of step (a) is an immiscible solvent with water.

(19) The immiscible solvent is selected from polar, semi-polar, non-polar solvent alone or mixture thereof.

(20) The solvent is selected from alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones and toluene, alone or in combinations thereof.

(21) In a preferred embodiment, the is selected from n-octanol, cyclohexanol alone or in combination thereof.

(22) The solvents are preferably in the range of 1 to 10% volume per volume of the waste water.

(23) In another embodiment, the present invention provides the cavitation device is selected from, but not limited to valves, orifice, venturi, vortex diode, and cavitation process selected from hydrodynamic cavitation, acoustic cavitation, laser cavitation, particle cavitation.

(24) The process is carried out in batch or continuous mode or in combination with other wastewater treatment methods like adsorption, coagulation and oxidation.

(25) In an embodiment, the present invention provides a solvent assisted treatment process for waste water, wherein the removal of COD is in the range of 4-12%.

(26) In another embodiment, the present invention provides a solvent assisted treatment process for waste water, wherein the removal of ammoniacal nitrogen is >90%.

(27) In a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a solvent assisted treatment process for waste water, wherein the removal of ammoniacal nitrogen is up to 100%.

(28) Referring to FIGS. 3 and 4, the effect of solvent assisted treatment of waste water in a cavitation device-vortex diode resulted in a substantial decrease observed in the ammoniacal nitrogen concentrations. FIG. 3 refers to treatment with 2% and FIG. 4 refers to treatment with 5% n-octanol. In zero to 180 minutes the amount of ammoniacal nitrogen removed ranged from 0 to 88% and COD from 0 to 10% for 2 and 5% octanol respectively, for pressure drop of 0.5 bar. In a comparative embodiment, the cavitation device alone without octanol removed from 0 to about 55% ammoniacal nitrogen in 0-180 minutes. Referring to FIG. 5, treatment of waste water with 2% cyclohexanol resulted in 85% removal of ammoniacal nitrogen in 180 minutes in the cavitation device-vortex diode and using pressure drop of 0.5 bar. FIG. 6 refers to treatment using 2% toluene, a non-polar solvent in the cavitation device. The treatment with toluene resulted in the removal of an altered but lowered reduction in ammoniacal nitrogen compared to only cavitation or compared to solvents such as octanol or cyclohexanol and mere around 25% of the ammoniacal nitrogen.

(29) In two comparative embodiments, the inventors attempted to remove ammoniacal nitrogen without the cavitation device, by simple extraction process by shaking organic and waste water phases, where no appreciable removal was observed (2.5%), refer FIG. 7.

(30) In FIG. 8, further evidence is provided using another type of cavitation device employing linear flow for cavitation-using orifice. Approximately 90% removal in ammoniacal nitrogen was observed in 180 minutes for 2% n-octanol and pressure drop of 2 bar.

(31) In an aspect of the invention, the apparatus for the treatment is provided, Referring to FIG. 2, the apparatus comprises an inlet for solvent (1), an inlet for waste water (2), a level indicator (3), heat exchangers (4 and 5), a bypass valve (6), a sampling point or port (7), a strainer (8), a feed pump (9), pressure transmitters (10 and 14) and the cavitation device selected from orifice, venturi or vortex diode (11, 12 or 13), phase separation (15), treated water (16) and recycled solvent (17). The solvent phase is mixed with the wastewater aqueous phase at an appropriate proportion and sent to cavitation device using the high pressure pump at an appropriate flow rate/pressure drop for cavitation to take place and the output of the cavitation device, partially treated wastewater is sent back to the tank and the process is repeated till the desired degradation or reduction in pollutant concentration is achieved. After the treatment, the solvent phase is separated from the aqueous phase and can be recycled back to the treatment stage. The process can be operated batch wise or continuous with appropriate engineering modifications.

EXAMPLES

(32) Following examples are given by way of illustration therefore should not be construed to limit the scope of the invention.

Example 1

(33) Solvent assisted hydrodynamic cavitation for removal of COD and ammoniacal nitrogen from wastewater using n-Octanol (2%)

(34) Experimental loop for removal of COD/ammoniacal nitrogen from water with disclosed invention was established. The nominal pipe diameter used was . The set up was equipped with pump capable of providing 1500 LPH flow through the section. The storage tank of 50 liter capacity was used for storage of contaminated water to be treated. A vortex diode of 1 m.sup.3/h capacity was used as cavitating device. A synthetic wastewater containing para aminophenol was used as model system for removal of COD and ammoniacal nitrogen. n-Octanol, 2% v/v was used as solvent phase for the treatment. Using solvent assisted process through the disclosed device (vortex diode), ammoniacal nitrogen removal of 88% was obtained for initial concentration of 100 ppm in about 3 h using pressure drop of 0.5 kg/cm.sup.2, an enhancement of 33% over cavitation alone under similar conditions. The enhancement in reduction over the existing hydrodynamic cavitation under similar operating conditions is compared in FIG. 3.

(35) TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Hydrodynamic Cavitation using n-octanol (2%) (p = 0.5 kg/cm.sup.2) % Enhancement in Ammoniacal removal of Amm. Time COD removal, nitrogen N compared to (min) % removal, % cavitation alone 0 0 0 0 30 4 26 7 60 5 37 9 90 5 73 34 120 8 82 38 150 9 87 37 180 9 88 33

Example 2

Solvent Assisted Hydrodynamic Cavitation for Removal of COD and Ammoniacal Nitrogen from Wastewater Using n-Octanol (5%)

(36) Experimental loop for removal of COD/ammoniacal nitrogen from water with disclosed invention was established. The nominal pipe diameter used was . The set up was equipped with pump capable of providing 1500 LPH flow through the section. The storage tank of 50 liter capacity was used for storage of contaminated water to be treated. A vortex diode of 1 m.sup.3/h capacity was used as cavitating device. A synthetic wastewater containing para aminophenol was used as model system for removal of COD and ammoniacal nitrogen. n-Octanol, 5% v/v was used as solvent phase for the treatment. Using different conditions for the pressure drop through the disclosed device (vortex diode), ammoniacal nitrogen removal of <90% was obtained for initial concentration of 100 ppm in about 3 h using pressure drop of 0.5 kg/cm.sup.2. Compared to 2% n-Octanol there was significant removal obtained after 90 min with use of 5% n-Octanol. An enhancement of 45% in the removal was obtained over that compared to cavitation alone under similar conditions and 12% improvement over that using 2% n-octanol. The enhancement in reduction over the existing hydrodynamic cavitation under similar operating conditions is compared in FIG. 4. Close to 100% removal in ammoniacal nitrogen can be obtained in 120-150 minutes.

(37) TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Hydrodynamic Cavitation using n-octanol (5%) (p = 0.5 kg/cm.sup.2) % Enhancement in Ammoniacal removal of Amm. Time COD removal, nitrogen N compared to (min) % removal, % cavitation alone 0 0 0 0 30 2 24 5 60 4 53 25 90 6 84 45 120 7 >90 46

Example 3

Solvent Assisted Hydrodynamic Cavitation for Removal of COD and Ammoniacal Nitrogen from Wastewater Using Cyclohexanol (2%)

(38) Experimental loop for removal of COD/ammoniacal nitrogen from water with disclosed invention was established. The nominal pipe diameter used was . The set up was equipped with pump capable of providing 1500 LPH flow through the section. The storage tank of 50 liter capacity was used for storage of contaminated water to be treated. A vortex diode of 1 m.sup.3/h capacity was used as cavitating device. A synthetic wastewater containing paraaminophenol was used as model system for removal of COD and ammoniacal nitrogen. Cyclohexanol, 2% v/v was used as solvent phase for the treatment. Using different conditions for the pressure drop through the disclosed device (vortex diode), ammoniacal nitrogen removal of 84% was obtained for initial concentration of 100 ppm in about 3 h using pressure drop of 0.5 kg/cm.sup.2. An enhancement of 30% was obtained in the removal over that using conventional cavitation under similar conditions. The enhancement in reduction over the existing hydrodynamic cavitation under similar operating conditions is compared in FIG.

(39) TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Hydrodynamic Cavitation using cyclohexanol (2%) (p = 0.5 kg/cm.sup.2) % Enhancement in Ammoniacal removal of Amm. Time COD removal, nitrogen N compared to (min) % removal, % cavitation alone 0 0 0 0 30 3 18 0 60 5 32 4 90 7 49 10 120 8 69 25 150 10 76 26 180 11 85 30

Example 4

Altered Rates for Removal of COD and Ammoniacal Nitrogen Using Toluene (2%)

(40) Experimental loop for removal of COD/ammoniacal nitrogen from water with disclosed invention was established. The nominal pipe diameter used was . The set up was equipped with pump capable of providing 1500 LPH flow through the section. The storage tank of 50 litre capacity was used for storage of contaminated water to be treated. A vortex diode of 1 m.sup.3/h capacity was used as cavitating device. A synthetic wastewater containing para aminophenol was used as model system for removal of COD and ammoniacal nitrogen. Toluene, 2% v/v was used as solvent phase for the treatment. Using different conditions for the pressure drop through the disclosed device (vortex diode), ammoniacal nitrogen removal of 28% was obtained for initial concentration of 100 ppm in about 3 h using pressure drop of 0.5 kg/cm.sup.2. The rate of reduction in ammoniacal nitrogen gets altered, reduced in this case, by use of 2% toluene compared to conventional cavitation under similar conditions. Use of toluene as solvent has shown altered and comparatively low removal for ammoniacal nitrogen in 3 h (FIG. 6).

(41) TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Hydrodynamic Cavitation using toluene (2%) (p = 0.5 kg/cm.sup.2) Time Ammoniacal nitrogen (min) COD removal, % removal, % 0 0 0 30 4 6 60 6 11 90 7 16 120 7 21 150 7 24 180 9 28

Example 5

(42) Solvent assisted hydrodynamic cavitation for removal of COD and ammoniacal nitrogen from wastewater using n-Octanol (2%) and orifice as a cavitating device Experimental loop for removal of COD/ammoniacal nitrogen from water with disclosed invention was established. The nominal pipe diameter used was . The set up was equipped with pump capable of providing 1500 LPH flow through the section. The storage tank of 50 liter capacity was used for storage of contaminated water to be treated. Orifice of 3 mm circular hole diameter was used as a cavitating device. A synthetic wastewater containing para aminophenol was used as model system for removal of COD and ammoniacal nitrogen. n-Octanol, 2% v/v was used as solvent phase for the treatment. Using solvent assisted process through the disclosed device (orifice), ammoniacal nitrogen removal of 90% was obtained for initial concentration of 100 ppm in about 3 h using pressure drop of 2.0 kg/cm.sup.2, an enhancement of 45% over cavitation alone under similar conditions. The enhancement in the reduction of ammoniacal nitrogen was similar to that obtained using the cavitating device-vortex diode, however at higher pressure drop. The enhancement in reduction over the existing hydrodynamic cavitation under similar operating conditions is compared in FIG. 8.

(43) TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Hydrodynamic Cavitation using orifice and n- octanol (2%) (p = 2.0 kg/cm.sup.2) Ammoniacal Time % COD nitrogen % Enhancement for Sr. No (min) reduction reduction, % Amm. N reduction 1 0 0 0 0 2 30 2.7 29.9 15 3 60 4.5 46.3 27 4 90 7.4 68.7 37 5 120 10.8 79.1 42 6 150 11.8 85.1 44 7 180 12.2 89.6 44

Advantages of the Invention

(44) Rate and extent of pollutant removal is enhanced Process is carried out at near ambient conditions Process possesses economic advantages